5627 lines
1.5 MiB
5627 lines
1.5 MiB
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" class="no-js no-jr">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<!-- For pinger, set start time and add meta elements. -->
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">var ncbi_startTime = new Date();</script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Logger begin -->
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-toc">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK577652">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_domain" content="niceng118er6">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_report" content="reader">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK577652/?report=reader">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pagename" content="Surgical treatments - NCBI Bookshelf">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_bookparttype" content="toc">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf">
|
|
<!-- Logger end -->
|
|
|
|
<!--component id="Page" label="meta"/-->
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Surgical treatments - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="no">
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no">
|
|
<meta name="jr-col-layout" content="1">
|
|
<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE,NOIMAGEINDEX">
|
|
<meta name="author" content="National Guideline Centre (UK)">
|
|
<meta name="citation_title" content="Surgical treatments">
|
|
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)">
|
|
<meta name="citation_date" content="2019/01">
|
|
<meta name="citation_author" content="National Guideline Centre (UK)">
|
|
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="35133761">
|
|
<meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577652/">
|
|
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Surgical treatments">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Type" content="Text">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="National Guideline Centre (UK)">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2019/01">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577652/">
|
|
<meta name="og:title" content="Surgical treatments">
|
|
<meta name="og:type" content="book">
|
|
<meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577652/">
|
|
<meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf">
|
|
<meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng118er6-lrg.png">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks">
|
|
<meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/niceng118er6/toc/?report=reader">
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577652/">
|
|
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Archivo+Narrow:400,700,400italic,700italic&subset=latin" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/css/libs.min.css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/css/jr.min.css">
|
|
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css//books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_reader.min.css" type="text/css">
|
|
<style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style>
|
|
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8B4DB77D7402D100000000012C00F6.m_5">
|
|
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3852956/3849091.css"></head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<!-- Book content! -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="jr" data-jr-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/"><div class="jr-unsupported"><table class="modal"><tr><td><span class="attn inline-block"></span><br />Your browser does not support the NLM PubReader view.<br />Go to <a href="/pmc/about/pr-browsers/">this page</a> to see a list of supported browsers<br />or return to the <br /><a href="/books/NBK577652/?report=classic">regular view</a>.</td></tr></table></div><div id="jr-ui" class="hidden"><nav id="jr-head"><div class="flexh tb"><div id="jr-tb1"><a id="jr-links-sw" class="hidden" title="Links"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 70.6 85.3" style="enable-background:new 0 0 70.6 85.3;vertical-align:middle" xml:space="preserve" width="24" height="24">
|
|
<style type="text/css">.st0{fill:#939598;}</style>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M36,0C12.8,2.2-22.4,14.6,19.6,32.5C40.7,41.4-30.6,14,35.9,9.8"></path>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M34.5,85.3c23.2-2.2,58.4-14.6,16.4-32.5c-21.1-8.9,50.2,18.5-16.3,22.7"></path>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M34.7,37.1c66.5-4.2-4.8-31.6,16.3-22.7c42.1,17.9,6.9,30.3-16.4,32.5h1.7c-66.2,4.4,4.8,31.6-16.3,22.7 c-42.1-17.9-6.9-30.3,16.4-32.5"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</svg> Books</a></div><div class="jr-rhead f1 flexh"></div><div id="jr-tb2"><a id="jr-bkhelp-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Help with NLM PubReader">?</a><a id="jr-help-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Settings and typography in NLM PubReader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M462,283.742v-55.485l-29.981-10.662c-11.431-4.065-20.628-12.794-25.274-24.001 c-0.002-0.004-0.004-0.009-0.006-0.013c-4.659-11.235-4.333-23.918,0.889-34.903l13.653-28.724l-39.234-39.234l-28.72,13.652 c-10.979,5.219-23.68,5.546-34.908,0.889c-0.005-0.002-0.01-0.003-0.014-0.005c-11.215-4.65-19.933-13.834-24-25.273L283.741,50 h-55.484l-10.662,29.981c-4.065,11.431-12.794,20.627-24.001,25.274c-0.005,0.002-0.009,0.004-0.014,0.005 c-11.235,4.66-23.919,4.333-34.905-0.889l-28.723-13.653l-39.234,39.234l13.653,28.721c5.219,10.979,5.545,23.681,0.889,34.91 c-0.002,0.004-0.004,0.009-0.006,0.013c-4.649,11.214-13.834,19.931-25.271,23.998L50,228.257v55.485l29.98,10.661 c11.431,4.065,20.627,12.794,25.274,24c0.002,0.005,0.003,0.01,0.005,0.014c4.66,11.236,4.334,23.921-0.888,34.906l-13.654,28.723 l39.234,39.234l28.721-13.652c10.979-5.219,23.681-5.546,34.909-0.889c0.005,0.002,0.01,0.004,0.014,0.006 c11.214,4.649,19.93,13.833,23.998,25.271L228.257,462h55.484l10.595-29.79c4.103-11.538,12.908-20.824,24.216-25.525 c0.005-0.002,0.009-0.004,0.014-0.006c11.127-4.628,23.694-4.311,34.578,0.863l28.902,13.738l39.234-39.234l-13.66-28.737 c-5.214-10.969-5.539-23.659-0.886-34.877c0.002-0.005,0.004-0.009,0.006-0.014c4.654-11.225,13.848-19.949,25.297-24.021 L462,283.742z M256,331.546c-41.724,0-75.548-33.823-75.548-75.546s33.824-75.547,75.548-75.547 c41.723,0,75.546,33.824,75.546,75.547S297.723,331.546,256,331.546z"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Find"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 550 600" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-cmap-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Table of Contents"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M20,20h10v8H20V20zM36,20h44v8H36V20zM20,37.33h10v8H20V37.33zM36,37.33h44v8H36V37.33zM20,54.66h10v8H20V54.66zM36,54.66h44v8H36V54.66zM20,72h10v8 H20V72zM36,72h44v8H36V72z"></path></svg></a></div></div></nav><nav id="jr-dash" class="noselect"><nav id="jr-dash" class="noselect"><div id="jr-pi" class="hidden"><a id="jr-pi-prev" class="hidden" title="Previous page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a><div class="pginfo">Page <i class="jr-pg-pn">0</i> of <i class="jr-pg-lp">0</i></div><a id="jr-pi-next" class="hidden" title="Next page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div><div id="jr-is-tb"><a id="jr-is-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Switch between Figures/Tables strip and Progress bar"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><rect x="10" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect><rect x="40" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect><rect x="70" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect></svg></a></div><nav id="jr-istrip" class="istrip hidden"><a id="jr-is-prev" href="#" class="hidden" title="Previous"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M80,40 60,65 80,90 70,90 50,65 70,40z M50,40 30,65 50,90 40,90 20,65 40,40z"></path><text x="35" y="25" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a><a id="jr-is-next" href="#" class="hidden" title="Next"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M20,40 40,65 20,90 30,90 50,65 30,40z M50,40 70,65 50,90 60,90 80,65 60,40z"></path><text x="15" y="25" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></nav><nav id="jr-progress"></nav></nav></nav><aside id="jr-links-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">NCBI Bookshelf</div></div><div class="cnt lol f1"><a href="/books/">Home</a><a href="/books/browse/">Browse All Titles</a><a class="btn share" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577652/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 33 33" style="vertical-align:middle" width="24" height="24" preserveAspectRatio="none"><g><path d="M 17.996,32L 12,32 L 12,16 l-4,0 l0-5.514 l 4-0.002l-0.006-3.248C 11.993,2.737, 13.213,0, 18.512,0l 4.412,0 l0,5.515 l-2.757,0 c-2.063,0-2.163,0.77-2.163,2.209l-0.008,2.76l 4.959,0 l-0.585,5.514L 18,16L 17.996,32z"></path></g></svg> Share on Facebook</a><a class="btn share" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577652/&text=Surgical%20treatments"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 33 33" style="vertical-align:middle" width="24" height="24"><g><path d="M 32,6.076c-1.177,0.522-2.443,0.875-3.771,1.034c 1.355-0.813, 2.396-2.099, 2.887-3.632 c-1.269,0.752-2.674,1.299-4.169,1.593c-1.198-1.276-2.904-2.073-4.792-2.073c-3.626,0-6.565,2.939-6.565,6.565 c0,0.515, 0.058,1.016, 0.17,1.496c-5.456-0.274-10.294-2.888-13.532-6.86c-0.565,0.97-0.889,2.097-0.889,3.301 c0,2.278, 1.159,4.287, 2.921,5.465c-1.076-0.034-2.088-0.329-2.974-0.821c-0.001,0.027-0.001,0.055-0.001,0.083 c0,3.181, 2.263,5.834, 5.266,6.438c-0.551,0.15-1.131,0.23-1.73,0.23c-0.423,0-0.834-0.041-1.235-0.118 c 0.836,2.608, 3.26,4.506, 6.133,4.559c-2.247,1.761-5.078,2.81-8.154,2.81c-0.53,0-1.052-0.031-1.566-0.092 c 2.905,1.863, 6.356,2.95, 10.064,2.95c 12.076,0, 18.679-10.004, 18.679-18.68c0-0.285-0.006-0.568-0.019-0.849 C 30.007,8.548, 31.12,7.392, 32,6.076z"></path></g></svg> Share on Twitter</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-cmap-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">In Page Navigation</div></div><div class="cnt lol f1"><a href="/books/n/niceercollect/?report=reader">NICE Evidence Reviews Collection</a><a class="current">Title Information</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-help-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">Settings</div></div><div class="cnt f1"><div id="jr-typo-p" class="typo"><div><a class="sf btn wsprkl">A-</a><a class="lf btn wsprkl">A+</a></div><div><a class="bcol-auto btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 200 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text x="10" y="70" style="font-size:60px;font-family: Trebuchet MS, ArialMT, Arial, sans-serif" textLength="180">AUTO</text></svg></a><a class="bcol-1 btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M15,25 85,25zM15,40 85,40zM15,55 85,55zM15,70 85,70z"></path></svg></a><a class="bcol-2 btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M5,25 45,25z M55,25 95,25zM5,40 45,40z M55,40 95,40zM5,55 45,55z M55,55 95,55zM5,70 45,70z M55,70 95,70z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="lol"><a class="" href="/books/NBK577652/?report=classic">Switch to classic view</a><a href="/books/n/niceng118er6/pdf/">PDF (7.6M)</a><a href="/books/n/niceng118er6/toc/?report=printable">Print View</a></div></div></aside><aside id="jr-bkhelp-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">Help</div></div><div class="cnt f1 lol"><a id="jr-helpobj-sw" data-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/" data-href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/img/bookshelf/help.xml" href="">Help</a><a href="mailto:info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov?subject=PubReader%20feedback%20%2F%20NBK577652%20%2F%20sid%3ACE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID%20%2F%20phid%3ACE8B4DB77D7402D100000000012C00F6.4">Send us feedback</a><a id="jr-about-sw" data-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/" data-href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/img/bookshelf/about.xml" href="">About PubReader</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-objectbox" class="thidden hidden"><div class="jr-objectbox-close wsprkl">✘</div><div class="jr-objectbox-inner cnt"><div class="jr-objectbox-drawer"></div></div></aside><nav id="jr-pm-left" class="hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 800" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text font-stretch="ultra-condensed" x="800" y="-15" text-anchor="end" transform="rotate(90)" font-size="18" letter-spacing=".1em">Previous Page</text></svg></nav><nav id="jr-pm-right" class="hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 800" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text font-stretch="ultra-condensed" x="800" y="-15" text-anchor="end" transform="rotate(90)" font-size="18" letter-spacing=".1em">Next Page</text></svg></nav><nav id="jr-fip" class="hidden"><nav id="jr-fip-term-p"><input type="search" placeholder="search this page" id="jr-fip-term" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" /><a id="jr-fip-mg" class="wsprkl btn" title="Find"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 550 600" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-done" class="wsprkl btn" title="Dismiss find">✘</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style"><div class="fm-sec bkr_bottom_sep"><div class="bkr_thumb"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng118er6-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Surgical treatments" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK577652_"><span itemprop="name">Surgical treatments</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Renal and ureteric stones: assessment and management</div><p><b>Intervention evidence review (F)</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 118</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2019 Jan</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3190-3</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch6.s1"><h2 id="_ch6_s1_">1. Surgical treatment</h2><div id="ch6.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What are the most clinically and cost effective surgical treatment options for people with renal or ureteric stones?</h3></div><div id="ch6.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>Surgical management of renal and ureteric stones includes shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. A decision about which surgical procedure is appropriate depends on the size / type /site of the stone, patient factors, and the local facilities and expertise available. Most centres have access to shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) but this may be on a sessional basis using a mobile machine rather than having permanent equipment on site so potentially compromising the optimum timing and outcome of SWL treatment. Recommendations are needed to guide health practitioners on which surgical procedure is the most clinically and cost effective for the different cohorts of patients with renal or ureteric stones.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details, see the review protocol in <a href="#ch6.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab1" rid-ob="figobch6tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="ch6.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>Sixty-three RCTs were included in the review;<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref4" rid="ch6.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref10" rid="ch6.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref11" rid="ch6.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref22" rid="ch6.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref32" rid="ch6.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref35" rid="ch6.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref39" rid="ch6.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref50" rid="ch6.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref51" rid="ch6.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref53" rid="ch6.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref66" rid="ch6.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref68" rid="ch6.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref71" rid="ch6.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref72" rid="ch6.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref80" rid="ch6.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref88" rid="ch6.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref91" rid="ch6.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref94" rid="ch6.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref98" rid="ch6.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref99" rid="ch6.ref99"><sup>99</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref105" rid="ch6.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref112" rid="ch6.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref113" rid="ch6.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref115" rid="ch6.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref128" rid="ch6.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref129" rid="ch6.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref131" rid="ch6.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref132" rid="ch6.ref132"><sup>132</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref140" rid="ch6.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref141" rid="ch6.ref141"><sup>141</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref143" rid="ch6.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref148" rid="ch6.ref148"><sup>148</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref150" rid="ch6.ref150"><sup>150</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref152" rid="ch6.ref152"><sup>152</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref157" rid="ch6.ref157"><sup>157</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref164" rid="ch6.ref164"><sup>164</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref169" rid="ch6.ref169"><sup>169</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref173" rid="ch6.ref173"><sup>173</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref174" rid="ch6.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref178" rid="ch6.ref178"><sup>178</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref179" rid="ch6.ref179"><sup>179</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref183" rid="ch6.ref183"><sup>183</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref184" rid="ch6.ref184"><sup>184</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref186" rid="ch6.ref186"><sup>186</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref189" rid="ch6.ref189"><sup>189</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref193" rid="ch6.ref193"><sup>193</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref196" rid="ch6.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref197" rid="ch6.ref197"><sup>197</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref203" rid="ch6.ref203"><sup>203</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref205" rid="ch6.ref205"><sup>205</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref208" rid="ch6.ref208"><sup>208</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref219" rid="ch6.ref219"><sup>219</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref222" rid="ch6.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref224" rid="ch6.ref224"><sup>224</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref227" rid="ch6.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref237" rid="ch6.ref237"><sup>237</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref241" rid="ch6.ref241"><sup>241</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref244" rid="ch6.ref244"><sup>244</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref246" rid="ch6.ref246"><sup>246</sup></a>. Twenty-seven studies<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref50" rid="ch6.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref88" rid="ch6.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref91" rid="ch6.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref94" rid="ch6.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref98" rid="ch6.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref99" rid="ch6.ref99"><sup>99</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref128" rid="ch6.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref131" rid="ch6.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref132" rid="ch6.ref132"><sup>132</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref141" rid="ch6.ref141"><sup>141</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref148" rid="ch6.ref148"><sup>148</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref152" rid="ch6.ref152"><sup>152</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref158" rid="ch6.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref164" rid="ch6.ref164"><sup>164</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref169" rid="ch6.ref169"><sup>169</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref173" rid="ch6.ref173"><sup>173</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref174" rid="ch6.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref179" rid="ch6.ref179"><sup>179</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref187" rid="ch6.ref187"><sup>187</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref189" rid="ch6.ref189"><sup>189</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref196" rid="ch6.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref197" rid="ch6.ref197"><sup>197</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref203" rid="ch6.ref203"><sup>203</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref219" rid="ch6.ref219"><sup>219</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref227" rid="ch6.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref244" rid="ch6.ref244"><sup>244</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref245" rid="ch6.ref245"><sup>245</sup></a> compared SWL versus URS, 7 studies<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref11" rid="ch6.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref35" rid="ch6.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref51" rid="ch6.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref128" rid="ch6.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref129" rid="ch6.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref226" rid="ch6.ref226"><sup>226</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref241" rid="ch6.ref241"><sup>241</sup></a> compared SWL versus PCNL, 15 studies<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref22" rid="ch6.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref32" rid="ch6.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref53" rid="ch6.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref71" rid="ch6.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref80" rid="ch6.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref115" rid="ch6.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref128" rid="ch6.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref140" rid="ch6.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref143" rid="ch6.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref178" rid="ch6.ref178"><sup>178</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref183" rid="ch6.ref183"><sup>183</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref184" rid="ch6.ref184"><sup>184</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref222" rid="ch6.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref225" rid="ch6.ref225"><sup>225</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref237" rid="ch6.ref237"><sup>237</sup></a> compared URS versus PCNL, and 4 studies<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref120" rid="ch6.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref196" rid="ch6.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref241" rid="ch6.ref241"><sup>241</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref246" rid="ch6.ref246"><sup>246</sup></a> compared surgical (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical/conservative treatment. Fourteen studies<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref4" rid="ch6.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref10" rid="ch6.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref39" rid="ch6.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref66" rid="ch6.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref68" rid="ch6.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref72" rid="ch6.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref105" rid="ch6.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref113" rid="ch6.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref150" rid="ch6.ref150"><sup>150</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref186" rid="ch6.ref186"><sup>186</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref188" rid="ch6.ref188"><sup>188</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref193" rid="ch6.ref193"><sup>193</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref205" rid="ch6.ref205"><sup>205</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref224" rid="ch6.ref224"><sup>224</sup></a> looked at within surgery comparisons, including tubeless versus conventional PCNL, mini versus standard PCNL and supine versus prone PCNL.</p><p>As per the protocol, for strata where there was no RCT evidence for the children and young people population, the search was widened to include cohort studies. Three studies relevant to the protocol were identified.<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref20" rid="ch6.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref194" rid="ch6.ref194"><sup>194</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref242" rid="ch6.ref242"><sup>242</sup></a></p><p>These are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab2" rid-ob="figobch6tab2">Table 2</a> below. Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab3" rid-ob="figobch6tab3">Table 3</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#ch6.apph">appendix H</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch6.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Heterogeneity</h4><p>For the comparison of SWL versus URS in ureteric stones <10mm in adults, there was substantial heterogeneity between the studies when they were meta-analysed for the outcomes of stone-free state, retreatment rate and ancillary procedures. For the comparison of SWL versus URS in ureteric stones 10-20mm, there was heterogeneity between the studies for the outcomes of stone-free state, length of hospital stay, pain, major adverse events and minor adverse events. For the comparison of URS versus PCNL in ureteric stones 10-20mm, there was heterogeneity between the studies for the outcomes of stone-free state, ancillary procedures, length of stay and minor adverse events. For the comparison of SWL versus URS in renal stones <10mm, there was heterogeneity between the studies for the outcome of retreatment rate. For the comparison of surgery versus non-surgical treatment in renal stones <10mm, there was substantial heterogeneity between the studies for the outcome of stone-free state. For the comparison of SWL versus URS in renal stones 10-20mm, there was heterogeneity between the studies for the outcomes of stone-free state, ancillary procedures, length of hospital stay and pain. For the comparison of SWL versus PCNL in renal stones 10-20mm, there was heterogeneity between the studies for the outcome of stone-free state. For the comparison of URS versus PCNL in renal stones 10-20mm, there was substantial heterogeneity between the studies for the outcome of length of stay and pain. For the comparison of URS versus PCNL in renal stones >20mm, there was substantial heterogeneity between the studies for the outcome of stone-free state, length of stay and pain. For the comparison of tubeless versus conventional PCNL in renal stones >20mm, there was heterogeneity between the studies for the outcome of length of stay. For the comparison of supine versus prone PCNL in renal stones >20mm, there was heterogeneity between the studies for the outcome of length of stay. Where pre-specified subgroup analyses (see <a href="#ch6.appa">Appendix A</a>:) were either unable to be performed, or did not explain the heterogeneity, a random effects meta-analysis was applied to these outcomes, and the evidence was downgraded for inconsistency in GRADE.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.4"><h4>1.4.4. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div id="ch6.s1.4.4.1"><h5>1.4.4.1. Between surgery comparisons</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab2" rid-ob="figobch6tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.4.2"><h5>1.4.4.2. Within surgery comparisons</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab3" rid-ob="figobch6tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5"><h4>1.4.5. In Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.1"><h5>1.4.5.1. Between surgery comparisons</h5><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.1.1"><h5>1.4.5.1.1. Adult, ureteric, <10mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab4" rid-ob="figobch6tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab4">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab5" rid-ob="figobch6tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Clinical evidence summary: surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab5">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.1.2"><h5>1.4.5.1.2. Adult, ureteric, 10-20mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab6" rid-ob="figobch6tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab6">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab7"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab7" rid-ob="figobch6tab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Clinical evidence table: URS versus PCNL." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab7">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence table: URS versus PCNL. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.1.3"><h5>1.4.5.1.3. Children, ureteric, <10mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab8"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab8" rid-ob="figobch6tab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Table 7. Clinical evidence table: SWL versus URS." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab8">Table 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence table: SWL versus URS. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.1.4"><h5>1.4.5.1.4. Adult, renal, <10mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab9"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab9" rid-ob="figobch6tab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Table 8. Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab9">Table 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab10"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab10" rid-ob="figobch6tab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Table 9. Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab10">Table 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab11"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 10" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab11" rid-ob="figobch6tab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Table 10. Clinical evidence summary: surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab11">Table 10</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.1.5"><h5>1.4.5.1.5. Adult, renal, 10-20mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab12"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 11" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab12" rid-ob="figobch6tab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Table 11. Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab12">Table 11</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab13"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 12" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab13" rid-ob="figobch6tab13"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab13/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab13/?report=previmg" alt="Table 12. Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab13">Table 12</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab14"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 13" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab14" rid-ob="figobch6tab14"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab14/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab14/?report=previmg" alt="Table 13. Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab14">Table 13</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab15"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 14" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab15" rid-ob="figobch6tab15"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab15/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab15/?report=previmg" alt="Table 14. Clinical evidence summary: surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab15">Table 14</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.1.6"><h5>1.4.5.1.6. Adult, renal, >20mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab16"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 15" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab16" rid-ob="figobch6tab16"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab16/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab16/?report=previmg" alt="Table 15. Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab16">Table 15</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab17"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 16" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab17" rid-ob="figobch6tab17"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab17/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab17/?report=previmg" alt="Table 16. Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab17">Table 16</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.1.7"><h5>1.4.5.1.7. Children, renal, 10-20mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab18"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 17" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab18" rid-ob="figobch6tab18"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab18/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab18/?report=previmg" alt="Table 17. Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab18"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab18">Table 17</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab19"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 18" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab19" rid-ob="figobch6tab19"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab19/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab19/?report=previmg" alt="Table 18. Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab19"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab19">Table 18</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab20"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 19" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab20" rid-ob="figobch6tab20"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab20/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab20/?report=previmg" alt="Table 19. Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL (non-randomised studies)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab20"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab20">Table 19</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL (non-randomised studies). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.1.8"><h5>1.4.5.1.8. Children, renal, >20mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab21"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 20" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab21" rid-ob="figobch6tab21"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab21/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab21/?report=previmg" alt="Table 20. Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab21"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab21">Table 20</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab22"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 21" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab22" rid-ob="figobch6tab22"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab22/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab22/?report=previmg" alt="Table 21. Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL (non-randomised studies)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab22"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab22">Table 21</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL (non-randomised studies). </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.2"><h5>1.4.5.2. Within surgery comparisons</h5><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.2.1"><h5>1.4.5.2.1. Adult, renal, 10-20mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab23"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 22" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab23" rid-ob="figobch6tab23"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab23/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab23/?report=previmg" alt="Table 22. Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Tubeless versus standard." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab23"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab23">Table 22</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Tubeless versus standard. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.2.2"><h5>1.4.5.2.2. Adult, renal, >20mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab24"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 23" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab24" rid-ob="figobch6tab24"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab24/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab24/?report=previmg" alt="Table 23. Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Tubeless versus standard." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab24"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab24">Table 23</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Tubeless versus standard. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab25"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 24" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab25" rid-ob="figobch6tab25"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab25/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab25/?report=previmg" alt="Table 24. Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Supine versus prone position." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab25"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab25">Table 24</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Supine versus prone position. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab26"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 25" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab26" rid-ob="figobch6tab26"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab26/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab26/?report=previmg" alt="Table 25. Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Mini versus standard." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab26"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab26">Table 25</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Mini versus standard. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.4.5.2.3"><h5>1.4.5.2.3. Children, renal, >20mm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab27"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 26" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab27" rid-ob="figobch6tab27"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab27/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab27/?report=previmg" alt="Table 26. Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Tubeless versus standard." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab27"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab27">Table 26</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Tubeless versus standard. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch6.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="ch6.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were identified.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>Five economic studies relating to this review question were identified but were excluded due to methodological limitations.<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref17" rid="ch6.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref38" rid="ch6.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref52" rid="ch6.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref126" rid="ch6.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref191" rid="ch6.ref191"><sup>191</sup></a>. These are listed in <a href="#ch6.appi">appendix I</a>, with reasons for exclusion given.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab28"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 27" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab28" rid-ob="figobch6tab28"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab28/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab28/?report=previmg" alt="Table 27. Health economic evidence profile: URS versus SWL, in adults with ureteric stones <10mm." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab28"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab28">Table 27</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Health economic evidence profile: URS versus SWL, in adults with ureteric stones <10mm. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.5.4"><h4>1.5.4. Health economic model</h4><p>Three subgroups were identified from the clinical evidence review comparing surgical interventions for people with renal stones, where the committee felt there is the most uncertainty in practice regarding choice of technique, and where the more expensive procedure was more effective. The subgroups are:
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l6"><li id="ch6.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ureteric stones in adults <10mm: ureteroscopy (URS) versus shockwave lithotripsy (SWL)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>Renal stones in adults <10mm: URS versus SWL</div></li><li id="ch6.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Renal stones in adults 10-20mm: percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), versus URS, and SWL</div></li></ul></p><p>A cost analysis was undertaken for the Ureteric stones in adults <10mm group, and more informal costing was undertaken for the remaining two groups (see <a href="#ch6.s1.5.6">section 1.5.6</a> for a summary of this).</p><div id="ch6.s1.5.4.1"><h5>Ureteric stones <10mm: URS vs SWL</h5><div id="ch6.s1.5.4.1.1"><h5>Methods</h5><p>A cost analysis was undertaken to compare the total cost of a strategy that began with URS versus a strategy that began with SWL, for ureteric stones <10mm (for full methods see Appendix 1). URS is a more expensive procedure than SWL. However, the clinical evidence review found that URS was associated with greater success in terms of people being stone-free and, presumably as a result, less retreatment and ancillary procedures. The main consequence of the initial procedure having lower effectiveness is a higher rate of downstream procedures (either a repeat of the initial procedure or a different procedure). This will increase the intervention cost, and therefore to appropriately compare the cost difference between interventions it is important to take this into account. In addition, other outcomes may also vary such as adverse events, and this could also impact overall costs.</p><p>Clinical review data was used for the probabilities of retreatment, ancillary procedures, readmission, and major and minor adverse events. Because of concerns about heterogeneity in the data, as well as differences in how stone free outcomes are being reported, and what it is possible to infer about the treatment pathway, multiple scenarios have been undertaken which are informed by different data and with differing assumptions:
|
|
<ol id="ch6.l7"><li id="ch6.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost comparison using only resource use reported in all trials. Assuming that this is the resource use required for everyone to be stone free.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost comparison using only studies where everyone was stone free at the end of follow up <i>and</i> that also report initial stone free success.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost comparison using only studies that report more detail on the success of multiple lines of treatment.</div></li></ol></p><p>Although all scenarios are cost comparisons in the base case, some scenarios have QALY threshold or exploratory QALY work to infer the likelihood of the most expensive intervention being cost effective. More details about each scenario are provided below.</p><p>Scenario 1 has the advantage of using all the available clinical data (7 studies), with the assumption that costing up all the resource use will lead to everyone being stone free. This assumption means that this is the resource use difference needed for equivalent outcomes. Limitations of this scenario include that there may still be some difference in outcomes beyond the follow up of the trials, as not everyone was stone free at the end of all the trials. Therefore, if more resources are needed in the SWL arm for everyone to be stone free, then resource use may be being underestimated, in which case the incremental cost might be biasing against URS. This scenario does not have any exploratory QALY work because an average length of follow up would be needed for this, and the studies had different timeframes (ranging from 2 weeks to 3 months).</p><p>Scenario 2 uses only 3 studies to inform resource use of retreatments and ancillary procedures. These are studies where everyone is stone free at the end, and also where initial stone free rates are reported. The advantage of using studies where everyone is stone free at the end is that the assumption made in scenario 1 can now be taken as fact, as these are the resources that would be needed for equivalent (100%) effectiveness of the two strategies. Additionally, using studies where initial stone free rates are reported means that we have information about the initial part of the pathway. The difference in initial effectiveness between the two interventions leads to a difference in the number of people who are initially stone free, and therefore a difference in quality of life. Using this logic to infer that the incremental initial effectiveness would be the population contributing to the QALY gain between the interventions, allowing some exploratory QALY work looking at the QALY or quality of life differences required for the most expensive intervention to be cost effective. Disadvantages of this scenario are that it is using only 3 studies to inform inputs. Sensitivity analysis varying the initial effectiveness of SWL down to 40% will also be undertaken, and alongside this the QALY exploratory work for each effectiveness level explored will allow interpretation of whether quality of life gains needed to make URS cost effective are more feasible if SWL is less effective.</p><p>Scenario 3 uses only 1 study to inform the resource use inputs on retreatments and ancillary procedures. This study has the benefit of breaking down the number of people that had different lines of treatment, in which case a person could have more than one procedure. This is more detailed than other studies. It also has the advantage of reporting effectiveness that is more reflective of UK practice, which the committee felt was a disadvantage in the clinical review for surgery, as the success of SWL did not reflect the UK experience. Not everyone was stone free at the end of the trial, so the same assumption as scenario 1 is made, whereby this is the resource use needed to get everyone stone free. Disadvantages include that inputs are based only on a single study. This study is also from 1999, so it may be that experience has improved over time for certain techniques such as URS, or technology of SWL machines could have changed. Additionally, not everyone was stone free at the end of the trial, which means that we may be underestimating the resource use associated with SWL, as that is the less effective intervention, and therefore biasing against URS. To combat this, a sensitivity analysis is undertaken adding a fourth line of treatment and assuming that this would successfully lead to everyone being stone free. Some exploratory QALY work is also undertaken in this scenario (through a hypothetical cost utility analysis). Based on some assumptions about when, in the trial, the different lines of treatment would have taken place, and what the utility is with and without a stone, meant an ICER could be calculated. Also the threshold could be identified of what the utility of a non-stone free person would need to be to make URS cost effective.</p><p>Common to all scenarios are assumptions about the number of initial sessions of SWL being a single session and retreatment being one additional session, the types of procedures that are ancillary procedures, the proportion requiring stents, and follow up resource use. Unit costs were from NHS reference costs 2016/17.</p><p>Sensitivity analyses common to all scenarios include varying initial effectiveness of SWL, varying SWL costs, varying the proportion of URS that get stents.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.5.4.2"><h5>Results</h5><p>Overall for all scenarios, there was a significant cost difference between the two strategies. In scenarios 1 and 2 there was a similar magnitude of cost difference of around £2,300. This was mainly being driven by the difference in primary intervention costs because URS is a much more expensive procedure. The cost of stents was also making URS a more expensive strategy because stents were much more likely following a URS. Although there were additional downstream resources from the initially less effective intervention of SWL, this did not offset the large difference in primary intervention costs. This was because although there are more retreatments and ancillary procedures in the SWL arm, these procedures are cheaper than URS retreatments or ancillaries, even though they apply to more people, which led to balancing out of downstream costs in the base case. Adverse events had little impact on the overall results. The incremental cost of scenario 3 was smaller than in the other scenarios (£1,212). This is being driven by a big difference in the ancillary procedure probabilities: there are many more ancillary procedures for SWL, which reflects that the success probability of the initial procedures is further apart than in the other scenarios. This result is also being driven by the types of ancillary procedures (which were taken from the study) in each strategy, which for URS were mostly SWL which is the cheapest procedure, and for SWL some ancillaries were PCNL, which is the most expensive procedure, thereby closing the cost gap further between the two strategies. A summary of the results of each scenario can be seen in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab29" rid-ob="figobch6tab29">Table 28</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab29"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 28" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab29" rid-ob="figobch6tab29"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab29/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab29/?report=previmg" alt="Table 28. Results – Scenarios 1, 2 and 3 - total costs per person." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab29"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab29">Table 28</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Results – Scenarios 1, 2 and 3 - total costs per person. </p></div></div><p>Sensitivity analyses varying the effectiveness of SWL in all 3 scenarios showed that the magnitude of the incremental cost was reduced as the effectiveness of SWL decreased. This can be explained because effectiveness has a negative relationship with the consequent retreatment and ancillary procedure probabilities, therefore more downstream resource use leads to higher SWL cost and lower incremental cost (see blue section of <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab30" rid-ob="figobch6tab30">Table 29</a> for an example of this from scenario 2). A threshold analysis on the cost per session of SWL also showed this would have to be very high to make the comparisons cost neutral (ranging from £1,609 to £2,708 across the scenarios).</p><p>In scenarios 1 and 2, the retreatment and ancillary probabilities were pooled because of heterogeneity in these outcomes and differences between studies in criteria for deciding what procedures would be used if primary treatment failed. Assumptions were made varying what the procedures would be for the pooled probability of downstream resource use. This showed that the magnitude of the incremental costs were sensitive to the types of procedures because their costs can vary (in scenario 1 this was as low as £1,879). Varying the proportion of those having a URS that would have stents, and also assuming 2 primary sessions for SWL also had an impact on the incremental cost (the lowest incremental cost being in scenario 3 where 0% stent use led to an incremental cost of £760). However no sensitivity analyses varied the costs enough to make the strategies cost neutral.</p><p>The exploratory QALY work (scenario 2 and 3) was informative in exploring whether URS would be a cost effective alternative. In scenario 2, the QALY work showed that the quality of life difference between a stone free and non-stone free individual would need to be 27.8 for URS to be cost effective. This is not a physically possible value even taking the difference between the best and worst possible health states on the EQ-5D. This was explored further when the effectiveness of SWL was varied. This showed that as the effectiveness of SWL decreased, this drove down the QALY gain needed for URS to be cost effective. However, using the same method of applying that gain only to those people who would be initially stone free with URS over SWL, showed that the quality of life difference needed between a stone free and non-stone free health state was still outside the possible range on the EQ-5D (1.594) (see yellow section of <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab30" rid-ob="figobch6tab30">Table 29</a>). One problem with this is the short timeframe of the studies that was used to derive the quality of life gain. This was an average of 2 weeks for the studies in scenario 2 which means that the QoL part of the QALY has to be very large to compensate for the small timeframe this has to come from. A 2-way sensitivity analysis varying both the effectiveness and the time to further treatments (as it was assumed the quality of life gain following initial effectiveness remained for the whole time period of the trials), showed that for longer durations between treatments, and lower effectiveness levels of SWL, there were some quality of life differences between the health states that would be possible. Whether these would be feasible gains however is another matter (see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab31" rid-ob="figobch6tab31">Table 30</a>).</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab30"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 29" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab30" rid-ob="figobch6tab30"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab30/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab30/?report=previmg" alt="Table 29. Scenario 2: SA8 results – varying initial effectiveness of SWL." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab30"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab30">Table 29</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Scenario 2: SA8 results – varying initial effectiveness of SWL. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab31"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 30" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab31" rid-ob="figobch6tab31"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab31/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab31/?report=previmg" alt="Table 30. Scenario 2: 2-way sensitivity analysis varying time to further treatment and initial SWL effectiveness." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab31"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab31">Table 30</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Scenario 2: 2-way sensitivity analysis varying time to further treatment and initial SWL effectiveness. </p></div></div><p>In scenario 3, the exploratory cost utility analysis (based on assumptions about timing of further treatments during the 3 month trial, and quality of life of someone with and without a stone taken from the literature) showed that the ICER would be over £150,000. Varying the effectiveness of SWL showed that at an effectiveness as low as 40%, the ICER was still above £60,000. A threshold analysis on what the utility of someone without a stone would need to be to make URS cost effective at the £20,000 threshold identified that this would need to be −0.596, which is just outside worst possible state on the EQ-5D.</p><p>There are a number of limitations to the analyses: some assumptions may be underestimating the total resource use involved in clearing a stone; a single or very few studies are informing some scenarios. Additionally, a cost utility analysis was not felt possible because: of many unknowns about the health outcomes side of living with a renal stone; and because of the lack of clarity about what is happening at different points in the pathway regarding primary procedures and retreatments in order to apply utilities, as a result many assumptions would have to be made.</p><p>The exploratory QALY work also has many caveats. It is uncertain what the quality of life differences actually are, how long they apply for and the frequency of peoples pain episodes, and when further treatments are happening. So we can only estimate whether URS is likely to be cost effective. It is also important to remember that we are referring to the general ureteric <10mm stone population here, which will be a mix of people with different levels and frequency of symptoms. This is why even if QoL differences between a stone free and non-stone free person are physically possible, this does not mean these are feasible values, when considering the average population in question.</p><p>The time frame that has been used in the exploratory QALY work for scenarios 2 and 3 is the time between having failed a retreatment and having further treatment, and this is the same regardless of strategy. Note that this is not the time to the primary treatment (which would also be a factor in practice that would be considered when a clinician is considering treatment options). Waiting times are variable within the NHS for both SWL and URS. This is dependent on many local factors such as availability of equipment and staff. For SWL specifically, whether a fixed site lithotripter or mobile one is available can lead to differences in waiting times. URS waiting times are also variable because of staffing and theatre list arrangements. Anecdotally, having a fixed site lithotripter means SWL could be undertaken in a shorter space of time than waiting for a mobile machine which tends to come to each hospital on a sessional basis. If SWL has a shorter waiting time than URS for example, then multiple retreatments might be undertaken within the same timeframe of waiting for surgery, which would close the gap in effectiveness between the two interventions. Additionally, further treatment after a failed treatment would be seen as less of a priority in the NHS than primary treatment, in which case waiting time could be many weeks. The longer the waiting time, the more time that people are living with a stone having failed the less effective treatment, and the more QALYs the initially effective treatment would accrue.</p><p>There may also be differences in QoL between the two interventions that haven’t been considered. For example, because of the nature of the interventions themselves: Perhaps URS has a higher initial decrement in QoL because it is invasive and involves general anaesthetic, but outweighing this might be the fact that there could be a shorter recovery time as it gets rid of the stone in one go. Alternatively, SWL may have a higher decrement in QoL because people remember the SWL treatment, it not being performed under anaesthesia, and therefore remember the uncomfortable nature of the shockwave treatment. However it is also more convenient for patients as they can arrange a time around their daily routine for the sessions. Another issue is that people are more likely to have stents inserted after a URS, and stents are uncomfortable and therefore have a quality of life impact (with side effects like pain and frequent need to urinate). This means that to have an achievable QALY gain for URS, the effectiveness difference between SWL and URS needs to be larger, in order for the QoL gain from the additional stone free individuals to counteract the QoL loss from stents. A recommendation has been made in the guideline as part of the stents after surgery review to discourage the use of stents after surgery as there was no evidence of benefit, therefore as the recommendation is implemented then there would be fewer people experiencing the QoL impact of stents.</p><p>Other factors influencing quality of life that haven’t been considered include the impact of an untreated ureteric stone. The risk of obstruction/infection is difficult to quantify as generally these are people that are excluded from trials. The population in question however is likely to be people who are having planned treatment, and therefore those that are considered emergency cases would be outside the population being discussed here. The goal from a clinical perspective is to treat a ureteric stone a soon as possible because obstruction can result in loss of renal function within 6 weeks. The risk of obstruction is not something that could be included in the analysis as it couldn’t be quantified, but this was a concern the committee raised with regards to the less effective intervention of SWL which would take longer to clear a stone because of multiple treatments needed.</p><p>In essence, the above are just examples, but there may be factors on the health outcomes side that have not been captured, and therefore the exploratory QALY work needs to be interpreted with caution. The results however show that the gains being calculated as needed are beyond feasible levels which provide some reassurance that URS is unlikely to be cost effective.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.5.5"><h4>1.5.5. Unit costs</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab32"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 31" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab32" rid-ob="figobch6tab32"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab32/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab32/?report=previmg" alt="Table 31. Intervention costs." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab32"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab32">Table 31</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Intervention costs. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.5.6"><h4>1.5.6. Economic considerations: trade-off between net clinical effects and costs</h4><div id="ch6.s1.5.6.1"><h5>Renal stones <10mm: URS vs SWL</h5><div id="ch6.s1.5.6.1.1"><h5>Methods</h5><p>Given that
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l8"><li id="ch6.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>the ureteric <10mm analysis showed that URS is unlikely to be cost effective, even when larger effectiveness differences were assumed between the strategies,</div></li><li id="ch6.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>and also comparing across the clinical review data for the three groups, which showed the effectiveness not to be too dissimilar</div></li></ul></p><p>It was inferred that simpler cost offset calculations would be adequate in helping to infer the likelihood of the cost effectiveness of the more expensive treatments. The cost offset calculations only incorporate the cost of the initial interventions, and retreatment and ancillary procedures. What is being tested as to whether costs offset each other is the difference in initial intervention costs traded off against the difference in downstream resource use of retreatments and ancillary procedures. As the more expensive intervention is also more effective, which in turn leads to lower downstream resource use. Therefore the purpose is to see whether the downstream resource use will offset the difference in upfront intervention costs. Note that it is not clear if this is the cost that would make everyone stone free, as this depends on the endpoint of the studies that the clinical data is a summary of. So there are limitations to the approach in terms of potential underestimation of cost, however these calculations are meant to be interpreted as informal cost calculations using the available clinical data. Also, it may not be the case that the aim is to get someone stone free, as this depends on their symptoms and size of stone for example.</p><p>Assumptions were made about the number of sessions that constitute a primary treatment and how many constitute a retreatment (together making a course of treatment - note that clinically a course of treatment is offered as the ‘primary treatment’ which is usually up to 3 sessions for a stone in the kidney. So the clinical terminology may not be the same as the terminology used for the purposes of the costings – see full analysis write-up in Appendix 1 for more detailed descriptions).</p><p>Additionally, various scenarios have been assumed where the type of ancillary procedure is varied to see the iimpact on costs.</p><p>The summary of the clinical review data for this group showed that the effectiveness of URS is lower for small renal stones than it was for small ureteric stones, with SWL effectiveness remaining similar. Meaning the incremental effectiveness between the two interventions is smaller for small renal stones than for small ureteric stones. This implies that there will be less benefit of URS above that of SWL compared to the ureteric group, as fewer people will be initially stone free with URS, and so there will be less people achieving an increase in QoL early on in the pathway. Also as more resource use would be required downstream in the URS arm to get everyone stone free, then this would lead to higher costs also. The result of this is likely to be an even bigger cost divide between the interventions and a smaller difference in QALYs, compared to the ureteric group.</p><p>Additionally, as the ureteric analysis was a costing analysis primarily, with the QALY work being exploratory, then the conclusion can only be an estimate of whether the intervention is feasibly cost effective, and therefore simpler costing calculations would still allow exploratory work around the feasibility of cost effectiveness. This was done using four different timeframes that the initial effectiveness difference between the interventions would apply for 1,2,3 and 4 months for illustration.</p><p>Furthermore, as another potential source of data to assist in illustrating the costs of an SWL strategy, UK audit data from the BAUS (British association of Urological Surgeons) Endourology national SWL practice and outcomes audit<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref31" rid="ch6.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a> was analysed and costs applied to identify the cost of treating people with SWL using real data.</p><p>The audit is a snapshot of current SWL practice across the UK in 2017. This involved all units undertaking SWL across the country being asked to recruit 10 consecutive new patients with renal stones attending for SWL and submit data over a 6 month period. The raw data was obtained through the committee, and analysed to crudely obtain the cost of SWL treatment by costing up the resource use involved in providing SWL including the primary treatments and downstream resource use. Note that as this audit only includes renal stones, a similar analysis could not be undertaken for the ureteric analysis. In total there were 141 patients suitable for evaluation in the dataset, with 101 patients having renal stones <=10mm, and 40 having renal stones 10-20mm.</p><p>The dataset reports information such as the status at review 3 months and 6 months following the first SWL treatment, and the subsequent management decision following the 3 and 6 month reviews. The status of the patient at review is broken down into 4 categories: ‘stone free’, ‘stone fragments <2mm in maximal diameter’, ‘stone fragments 2-4mm in maximal diameter’, and ‘stone fragments >4mm in maximal diameter’. Stone free using this dataset has been defined as patients in the ‘stone free’ and ‘stone fragments <2mm in maximal diameter’ category. The 3 month status of the patient and subsequent management decided at 3 months are the source of information on resource use, which costs were attached to. It is acknowledged that omitting the 6 month data may lead to an underestimate of the resource use of an SWL strategy if further resource use is consumed after 3 months. However, at 6 months more people were lost to follow up or the status was blank which would have led to fewer patients having outcomes that could be costed. Additionally, as the subsequent management at 3 months was included in the costings, which included those who had interventions planned, then if the 6 month outcome was that the intervention had been undertaken, then this would have already been accounted for. Therefore this was unlikely to make a large difference.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.5.6.1.2"><h5>Results</h5><p>With one session assumed for primary treatment and 2 for retreatment (making a total course of 3 treatments for those that have retreatments), and costing up the retreatment and ancillary procedures showed a range of cost offsets from £988 (assuming retreatment and ancillary probabilities are pooled and URS is the secondary procedure) to £1,537 (assuming the ancillary is URS for SWL group, and PCNL for URS group). This means that URS is still the more expensive strategy overall, as the difference in initial costs of performing the procedures are not being offset by the higher downstream resource use of SWL (i.e. taking into account downstream resource use still leads to a positive value, meaning the URS cost is still higher than the SWL cost). The main difference in cost is again from the difference in primary procedure costs.</p><p>Using the same back-calculations for the exploratory QALY approach to find the quality of life difference needed between a stone free and non-stone free health state, assuming an effectiveness difference of 20%, showed that this QoL difference needed to make URS cost effective was within the possible EQ-5D range (i.e. below 1.594) when the time between treatments was over 3 months. In other words time is important because if people who failed SWL have to wait longer for further treatments, then URS needs a smaller quality of life gain to make it cost effective, because the immediate benefit of URS (as gets more people stone free) avoids a longer period of lower quality of life in the alternative strategy (SWL).</p><p>There are many limitations to these cost calculations: they omit parameters such as the use of stents, follow up, adverse events, and therefore are not a full analysis like the ureteric analysis. The exploratory QALY calculations can only demonstrate what QoL gains would be needed and are a crude way of inferring cost effectiveness. However we have the ureteric analysis as a reference point that can help with this, for example a renal stone is not likely to have as much of a quality of life impact as the stone has more room to move in the kidney, therefore there is less benefit to clearing the stone early. Therefore although there are many unknowns around the actual health outcomes, as in the ureteric analysis, there are also less risks to leaving the renal stone, and so we can infer that URS would not be cost effective for renal stones <10mm given there is still likely to be a substantial difference in costs, and also smaller benefit to be gained from clearing the stone in one go.</p><p>Renal stones tend to be offered a course of treatment of up to 4 sessions of SWL, whereas a ureteric stone would be offered up to 2. In which case more SWL sessions would close the incremental cost gap further between the two strategies, however this depends on many factors such as how successful each number of sessions is as not everyone would need 4.</p><p>This is where costing up resource use from the BAUS audit data could be helpful because analysis of this dataset showed that people had on average 1.87 sessions, and this led to a 48% effectiveness (stone free) at 3 months. Costing up the average number of sessions as well as the resource use from the subsequent management decided at 3 months led to an overall cost of around £1,300 per person. This is similar to that found from the total costs of the SWL strategy in the cost offset calculations. Although we have not analysed similar audit data for people undertaking URS, we know the cost of the strategy will be at minimum the cost of the surgery which is over £2,200, which is still higher than the £1,300 found from the analysis of SWL audit data. Therefore, with the use of real life audit data we can be more confident that the cost of an SWL strategy is still likely to be lower than that of a URS strategy.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.5.6.2"><h5>Renal stones 10-20 mm: PCNL vs URS vs SWL</h5><div id="ch6.s1.5.6.2.1"><h5>Methods</h5><p>For the larger renal stones subgroup, there was data in the clinical review for all three types of surgery because there were three pairwise comparisons;:SWL vs URS, URS vs PCNL, and SWL vs PCNL. The clinical data for each intervention was based on taking the average probability as each intervention could have two sources of data from the three pairwise comparisons.</p><p>Two pairwise comparisons are made, the most expensive (PCNL) compared to the next most expensive (URS): the clinical review showed that the difference in effectiveness in terms of stone free rate is not too dissimilar between PCNL and URS. The retreatment and ancillary procedure probabilities show that URS has slightly higher probabilities but this can vary depending on the pairwise comparison that the data was taken from. PCNL is also more than twice as expensive as a URS. The other pairwise comparison was URS versus SWL for this subgroup, the summary clinical review data showed that the effectiveness difference is larger than that of the other subgroups. This may be because the effectiveness of SWL reduces as the stone size increases. There is also a large variation in SWL retreatment and ancillary rates, depending on which pairwise comparison these are from, but as expected, SWL leads to more downstream resource use which we assume is a consequence of lower effectiveness.</p><p>Cost offset calculations are undertaken for these two pairwise comparisons, using the same methods as the small renal stones group. Primary SWL is assumed to be a single session, and retreatment is assumed to be 3 sessions (because of the larger size of the renal stone). Given the retreatment probability for SWL this gives an average of 2.2 sessions.</p><p>Comparing PCNL to SWL was not deemed necessary because there is such a large difference in the primary costs of treatments alone that it can be inferred PCNL is highly unlikely to be cost effective against SWL, even though it is considered more effective.</p><p>The BAUS snapshot data was also analysed for this group (of which there were 40 patients), using the same methods as described for the small renal stone group.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.5.6.2.2"><h5>Results</h5><p>When comparing PCNL versus URS, the large primary cost differences were offset very little by downstream resource use, regardless of what procedure might be assumed as an ancillary (ranging from £2,782 to £2,986). This is because both procedures are highly effective, and the resulting small downstream costs are having a negligible impact on the initial intervention cost differences. The small effectiveness difference between the interventions is unlikely to create a large enough QALY gain to justify the large additional cost of PCNL.</p><p>When comparing URS with SWL, cost offsets ranged from £836 (assuming retreatment and ancillary probabilities are pooled and URS is the secondary procedure) to £1,391 (assuming the ancillary is URS for SWL group, and PCNL for URS group). This means that the difference in primary procedure costs are not being offset by difference in downstream costs, as URS still remains a more expensive strategy. Using the same back-calculations for the exploratory QALY approach to find the quality of life difference needed between a stone free and non-stone free health state to make URS cost effective, assuming an effectiveness difference of 30%, showed that the QoL difference was within the possible EQ-5D range when the time between treatments was over 2 months (i.e. smaller than 1.594).</p><p>The limitations are the same as those for the small ureteric analysis: they omit parameters such as the use of stents, follow up, adverse events. The exploratory QALY calculations can only demonstrate what QoL gains would be needed. A large renal stone may have more of a quality of life detriment than a smaller renal stone, but perhaps not as much as a ureteric stone. There is little data to be able to quantify this theory but this was discussed with the committee. Therefore although there are many unknowns around the actual health outcomes, as in the ureteric analysis, there are also less risks to leaving the stone, and so we can infer that URS would also not be cost effective for this group given there is still likely to be a substantial difference in costs.</p><p>Costing up resource use from the BAUS audit data showed that people had on average 2.2 sessions, and this led to a 35% effectiveness (stone free) at 3 months. This is lower than the smaller renal stone group. Costing up the average number of sessions as well as the resource use from the subsequent management decided at 3 months led to an overall cost of around £1,600 per person. This is similar to that found from the total costs of the SWL strategy in the cost offset calculations. With the use of real time audit data we can be more confident that the cost of an SWL strategy as demonstrated above is still likely to be lower than that of a URS strategy (as we know the cost of the strategy will be at minimum the cost of the surgery which is over £2,200.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.5.6.3"><h5>Summary</h5><p>More informal costing calculations for the renal stone groups of <10mm and 10-20mm, using both the clinical review, and UK SWL audit data to illustrate further real SWL costs, showed that there are still likely to be large cost differences between URS and SWL strategies that would not be offset by downstream resource use. Quality of life impact of a ureteric stone and concerns around safety of not clearing a stone soon enough are more applicable to ureteric stones than to renal stones. In which case smaller quality of life gains are expected for a renal stone from the more effective intervention, which would make it more difficult for the benefit to justify the costs. PCNL is also much more expensive than URS and both are similarly effective, meaning it is unlikely PCNL is cost effective.</p><p>See appendix 1 for full details of the costing work.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Resource costs</h3><p>Overall, the recommendations made by the committee based on this review may have a substantial impact on resources.</p><p>The recommendations made by the committee based on this review for the adult ureteric stone <10mm strata, (see section <b>Error! Reference source not found.</b>) are likely to have a ubstantial impact on resources. Current practice in this group is more likely to be URS, however economic analysis showed that the cost of a treatment strategy with SWL was less costly than a strategy with URS, and also showed that URS was unlikely to be cost effective in various sensitivity analyses. As a result, SWL has been recommended. Implementation costs are likely to be incurred because this will be a change in practice. Therefore, savings are more likely to be longer term, as in the short term implementation costs will be required. There are likely to be many options for the implementation of SWL e.g. having good referral systems may mean additional machines are not needed. As currently there is believed to be less waiting time for SWL than surgery therefore existing capacity may be available. The ‘Getting It Right First Time’ Urology report recommends urology area networks. Alternatively, more investment in mobile lithotripters could be an option, or networks of fixed site lithotripters. Other resources may be affected however such as more staff being needed to undertake SWL (e.g. ultrasonographers) to meet the demand of the machines being used. Additional training to maximise effectiveness of lithotripsy may also be needed.</p><p>The committee has made a recommendation based on this review (see section <b>Error! eference source not found.</b>) for the adult ureteric stone 10-20mm strata, that SWL should be ‘considered’. Unlike for stronger recommendations stating that interventions should be adopted, it is not possible to make a judgement about the potential resource impact to the NHS of recommendations regarding interventions that could be used, as uptake is too difficult to predict. However, the committee noted that where this recommendation is implemented, there would be additional costs incurred relating to the use of SWL, which will require implementation costs to set up as local facilities and access to SWL can vary (as preceding paragraph).</p><p>The committee has made a recommendation based on this review (see section <b>Error! eference source not found.</b>) for the adult renal stone 10-20mm strata, that URS or SWL should be ‘considered’. Unlike for stronger recommendations stating that interventions should be adopted, it is not possible to make a judgement about the potential resource impact to the NHS of recommendations regarding interventions that could be used, as uptake is too difficult to predict. However, the committee noted that where this recommendation is implemented, there would be additional savings relating to the use of URS of SWL, which are cheaper interventions than PCNL, which is current practice.</p><p>The other adult recommendations made by the committee based on this review (see section <b>Error! Reference source not found.</b>) are not expected to have a substantial impact on esources. These include: the ‘offer URS’ recommendation for adults with ureteric stones 10-20mm, the recommendations for adults with renal stones <10mm (specifically ‘offer SWL’), the recommendations for adults with renal stones larger than 20mm including staghorn stones (specifically ‘offer PCNL’).</p><p>The children recommendations made by the committee based on this review (see section <b>Error! Reference source not found.</b>) are not expected to have a substantial impact on esources.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.7"><h3>1.7. Evidence statements</h3><div id="ch6.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.1"><h5>SWL versus URS</h5><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.1.1"><h5>Adults</h5><p>Evidence for SWL compared to URS was found for the adult population, in ureteric stones measuring <10mm and 10-20mm; in renal stones measuring <10mm and 10-20mm; and for the paediatric population in ureteric stones measuring <10mm; and renal stones measuring 10-20mm.</p><p>SWL was compared to URS in the adult, ureteric, <10mm population. Eight studies reported the outcome stone free state (n=1127), and 6 studies reported the retreatment (n=1094). For both outcomes, the evidence suggested a clinical benefit of URS. Six studies reported the outcome ancillary procedures (n=959), and there was a clinical benefit of URS. In terms of length of stay and readmission to hospital (1 study; n=64-156), the evidence demonstrated a suggested clinical benefit of SWL, however in terms of both quality of life measures and pain one study found a suggested clinical benefit of URS (n=65). There was no clinical difference between SWL and URS in terms of both minor adverse events (4 studies; n=848) and failed technology (2 studies; n=682). Two studies reported the outcome major adverse events (n=682), and found a suggested clinical benefit of SWL. The evidence ranged from Moderate to Very Low quality due to risk of bias, imprecision, and inconsistency for the stone-free state and retreatment outcomes.</p><p>For the adult, ureteric, 10-20mm population, 13 studies reported the outcome stone free state (n=1777). The evidence showed a suggested clinical benefit of URS compared to SWL. Ten studies reported the retreatment (n=1394), and 2 studies reported ancillary procedures in the lower ureteric stone subgroup (n=274). Both found a suggested clinical benefit of URS. There was no clinical difference between SWL and URS in terms of ancillary procedures for the upper ureteric stone subgroup (6 studies; n=668), readmission to hospital (1 study; n=200), pain (3 studies; n=102) and minor adverse events (10 studies; n=1536). There was a suggested clinical benefit of SWL for the following outcomes: length of stay (4 studies; n=164); major adverse events (6 studies; n=971); minor adverse events (10 studies; n=1706); and failed technology (1 study; n=30). The evidence ranged from Low to Very Low due to risk of bias, imprecision, and inconsistency for the stone-free state, pain, and both adverse event outcomes.</p><p>For the adults, renal, <10mm population, 4 studies reported the stone-free state (n=404). No clinical difference was found between SWL and URS for this outcome. Three studies reported the retreatment (n=273) and four studies reported ancillary procedures (n=413). For both outcomes, a suggested clinical benefit of URS was found. A suggested clinical benefit of SWL was found for readmission (1 study; n=67), major adverse events (2 studies; n=206) and failed technology (1 study; n=67). No clinical difference between interventions was found for minor adverse events (4 studies; n=413). The evidence ranged from Moderate to Very Lowquality, due to risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency.</p><p>For the adult, renal, 10-20mm population, 5 studies reported the outcome stone-free state and retreatment (n=395), and 3 studies reported ancillary procedures (n=229). For all outcomes, there was a suggested clinical benefit of URS compared to SWL. A suggested clinical benefit of SWL was found in terms of length of hospital stay (2 studies; n=190). No clinical difference was found between SWL and URS for the outcomes pain, major or minor adverse events. The quality of evidence ranged from Moderate to Very Low, due to risk of bias, imprecision, and inconsistency.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.1.2"><h5>Children</h5><p>In the children, ureteric, <10mm stone population, one study reported the outcomes stone-free state, retreatment and ancillary procedures (n=31). For all outcomes, a suggested clinical benefit was found for URS. The quality of evidence ranged from Moderate to Very Low, due to risk of bias, imprecision and indirectness.</p><p>In the children, renal, 10-20mm population, one study reported the outcomes stone-free state, insignificant and significant residual stones, retreatment and length of stay (n=60). A suggested clinical benefit of URS was found for stone-free state, retreatment and clinically significant residual stones, whereas there was no difference between interventions in terms of the outcomes insignificant residual stones and length of stay. The quality of evidence ranged from Moderate to Very Low, due to risk of bias and imprecision.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.2"><h5>SWL versus PCNL</h5><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.2.1"><h5>Adults</h5><p>In the adults, renal, <10mm stone population, 1 study compared SWL to PCNL. There was a clinical benefit of PCNL in terms of stone-free state and ancillary procedures, and no clinical difference between the interventions in terms of retreatment (n=39-42). The quality of evidence was Very Low, due to risk of bias and imprecision.</p><p>In the adults, renal, 10-20mm stone population, 6 studies compared SWL versus PCNL. The outcome stone-free state was reported in all 6 studies (n=427) and the evidence suggested a clinical benefit of PCNL. Fours studies reported the retreatment and ancillary procedures (n=239-464). For these outcomes, a clinical benefit was found for PCNL. In one study of 49 participants, a clinical benefit of SWL was found in terms of length of stay. One study reported quality of life using the SF36 domains (n=78-81). For the domains physical functioning, physical role, vitality, mental health, total physical, total mental and overall health, no clinical difference was found between the interventions. For the domains bodily pain and general health, a suggested clinical benefit of PCNL was found. For the social functioning and emotional role domains, a suggested clinical benefit of SWL was found. Three studies reported major adverse events (n=321), and four studies reported minor adverse events (n=310). A clinical benefit of SWL was found in terms of major events; however there was no clinical difference in terms of minor adverse events. The quality of evidence ranged from Moderate to Very Low, due to risk of bias, imprecision, and inconsistency.</p><p>In the adult, renal, >20mm stone population, one study compared SWL versus PCNL (n=14-18). A suggested clinical benefit of PCNL was found in terms of stone-free state; however there was no clinical difference between interventions in terms of retreatment and ancillary procedures. The quality of the evidence was Very Low due to risk of bias, and serious or very serious imprecision.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.2.2"><h5>Children</h5><p>SWL was compared to PCNL in the children, renal, 10-20mm stone population in one study (n=212). For the outcomes stone-free state, retreatment and ancillary procedures, the evidence showed a suggested clinical benefit of PCNL. There was a suggested clinical benefit of SWL in terms of minor adverse events, but no clinical difference between the interventions in terms of major adverse events. The quality of evidence ranged from Moderate to Very Low due to risk of bias and imprecision.</p><p>One non-randomised study compared SWL to PCNL in the children, renal, >20mm stone population. This study showed a suggested clinical benefit of PCNL in terms of both stone-free state and retreatment, a clinical benefit of SWL in terms of length of stay, and no clinical difference in terms of minor adverse events (n=46). The quality of the evidence was Very Low due to risk of bias and imprecision.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.3"><h5>URS versus PCNL</h5><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.3.1"><h5>Adults</h5><p>URS was compared to PCNL in the adult, ureteric, 10-20mm stone population. Five studies reported the stone-free state (n=541), 2 studies reported the retreatment (n=159), and 4 studies reported ancillary procedures (n=444). There was a suggested clinical benefit of PCNL in terms of stone-free state and ancillary procedures, and no clinical difference between the interventions in terms of retreatment. Five studies reported the length of hospital stay (n=470), and found a suggested clinical benefit of URS. Four studies reported major and minor adverse events (n=441-444), and found no clinical difference between URS and PCNL. The quality of evidence ranged from Moderate to Very Low due to risk of bias, imprecision, and inconsistency for the stone-free state, ancillary procedure, and minor adverse events outcomes.</p><p>In the adult, renal, 10-20mm stone population, 5 studies compared URS to PCNL. For the outcomes stone-free state, recurrence, retreatment, ancillary procedure, length of stay, major and minor adverse events, there was no clinical difference between URS and PCNL (1-5 studies; n=72-405). A suggested clinical benefit was found for URS in terms of pain (2 studies; n=143). The quality of the evidence ranged from Moderate to Very Low due to risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency.</p><p>In the adult, renal, >20mm stone population, 3 studies reported the outcomes stone-free state, retreatment, and length of stay (n=192-216), and two studies reported the outcomes ancillary procedures, pain, and minor adverse events (n=132). One study reported major adverse events. There was no clinical difference between URS and PCNL in terms of stone-free state, retreatment, pain and major adverse events. There was a suggested clinical benefit of URS in terms of ancillary procedures, length of stay and minor adverse events. The quality of evidence ranged from Low to Very Low due to risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.3.2"><h5>Children</h5><p>Two non-randomised studies compared URS to PCNL in the children, renal, 10-20mm population. There was a suggested benefit of URS in terms of stone-free state and length of stay, and a benefit of PCNL in terms of minor adverse events for one of the studies (n=81). The other study showed no clinical difference between the interventions in terms of stone free state, major adverse events and length of stay, and a benefit of PCNL in terms of minor adverse events (n=48). The quality was Very Low due to risk of bias and imprecision.</p><p>One study compared URS to PCNL in the children, renal, >20mm stone population (n=43). A suggested clinical benefit of PCNL was found for the outcomes stone-free state and retreatment. However a suggested clinical benefit of URS was found in terms of length of hospital stay and minor adverse events. The quality was Very Low due to risk of bias and imprecision.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.4"><h5>Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</h5><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.4.1"><h5>Adults</h5><p>Surgery was compared to non-surgical treatment in the adult, ureteric, <10mm population. One study reported the outcome stone free state (n=303), and the evidence suggested a clinical benefit of surgery. The quality of the evidence was Low due to risk of bias and serious imprecision. No other outcomes were reported.</p><p>In the adult, renal <10mm stone population, two studies compared surgery versus non-surgical treatment. Two studies reported the outcome stone free state (n=350) and 1 study reported ancillary procedures (n=150). For both outcomes, a suggested clinical benefit of surgery was found. The quality of the evidence was Very Low due to risk of bias, very serious imprecision, and for the stone-free state outcome, inconsistency.</p><p>In the adult, renal, 10-20mm stone population, one study compared surgery versus conservative treatment. (n=94). A clinical benefit of surgery was found in terms of stone-free state and ancillary procedures. The quality of the evidence ranged from Moderate to Very Lowdue to risk of bias and imprecision.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.5"><h5>Within surgery comparisons</h5><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.5.1"><h5>Adults</h5><p>Tubeless PCNL was compared to standard PCNL in the adult, renal 10-20mm stone population in 1 study (n=80). In terms of stone-free state, a suggested clinical benefit of tubeless PCNL was found, however there was no difference between the interventions in terms of length of stay. The quality of the evidence was Low due to risk of bias and imprecision.</p><p>Tubeless PCNL was compared to standard PCNL in the adult, renal, >20mm stone population in three studies. Stone-free state was reported by all three studies (n=258), and the evidence demonstrated no clinical difference between the two interventions. One study reported retreatment, ancillary procedures, pain and major adverse events (n=131). For the outcomes retreatment, ancillary procedure and major adverse events there was no clinical difference, however there was a suggested clinical benefit for tubeless PCNL in terms of pain. Two studies reported length of stay and minor adverse events (n=163-226). There was no clinical difference for major adverse events, but a clinical benefit of tubeless PCNL in terms of length of stay. The quality of evidence was Moderate to Very Lowdue to risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency.</p><p>Supine PCNL was compared to prone PCNL in the adult, renal, >20mm stone population. Five studies reported stone-free state (n=513) and found no clinical difference between the two interventions. A clinical benefit of supine PCNL compared to prone PCNL was found for length of hospital stay (3 studies; n=316), and for major and minor adverse events (3 studies; n=316-438). There was no clinical difference between interventions in terms of recurrence, and ancillary procedures (1-2 studies; n=113-197). There was a clinical benefit of prone PCNL for retreatment (1 study; n=122). The quality of the evidence ranged from Low to Very Lowdue to risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency.</p><p>Mini PCNL was compared to standard PCNL in the adult, renal, >20mm stone population. One small study of 19 participants reported the outcome length of stay, and found a suggested clinical benefit of mini PCNL. One study reported major adverse events and found a suggested clinical benefit of standard PCNL compared to mini PCNL (n=150). There was no clinical difference between the two interventions for the outcomes stone free state, retreatment, ancillary procedures, pain or minor adverse events (2-3 studies; n=169-263). The quality of evidence ranged from Low to Very Low due to risk of bias and imprecision.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.7.1.5.2"><h5>Children</h5><p>Tubeless PCNL was compared to standard PCNL in two studies in the children, renal, >20mm stone population. Both studies reported stone-free state, and length of hospital stay (n=83). The evidence showed no clinical difference between the two interventions for the stone-free state outcome, but a clinical benefit of tubeless PCNL in terms of length of stay. There was evidence from one study for the outcomes of retreatment, ancillary procedures and minor adverse events (n=23-60). A clinical benefit of tubeless PCNL was found for ancillary procedures, length of hospital stay and minor adverse events. A clinical benefit of standard PCNL was found in terms of retreatment. The quality of the evidence was Moderate to Very Low due to risk of bias and imprecision.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch6.l9"><li id="ch6.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>One original comparative cost analysis found that URS was more costly than SWL for treating adults with ureteric stones <10mm (cost difference per patient: £2,368 in scenario 1, £2,387 in scenario 2, and £1,212 in scenario 3). This analysis was assessed as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8"><h3>1.1. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="ch6.s1.8.1"><h4>1.1.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.1"><h5>1.1.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee agreed that stone-free state, recurrence rate, use of healthcare services (length of hospital stay, readmission, retreatment rate and ancillary procedure), kidney function, quality of life, major adverse events, minor adverse events and failure to treat were the outcomes that were critical for decision-making. Pain was also considered as an important outcome.</p><p>Evidence was reported for all of the critical outcomes except for kidney function. There was evidence for the important outcome of pain.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.2"><h5>1.1.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>For the majority of evidence in this review, the quality ranged from a GRADE rating of moderate to very low. This was due to lack of blinding, presence of selection bias, and risk of measurement bias, resulting in a high or very high risk of bias rating. Additionally, the imprecise nature of the results extracted and analysed in this review and the presence of heterogeneity for some outcomes further downgraded the quality of the evidence.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3"><h5>1.1.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>Evidence for people with both symptomatic and asymptomatic stones was searched for, however only 3 studies with a primarily asymptomatic population was identified. Therefore, committee agreed that the recommendations should only apply to those with symptomatic stones.</p><p>It is important to note that the population that surgery would be appropriate for would generally be people who have had failed medical expulsive therapy or medical expulsive therapy is not indicated, there is ongoing pain or the stone is not likely to pass spontaneously.</p><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.1"><h5>Adults, ureteric stones, less than 10 mm</h5><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.1.1"><h5>SWL versus URS</h5><p>When SWL was compared to URS, the committee noted that there was a benefit of URS for outcomes that assessed the effectiveness of the interventions, such as stone-free state, ancillary procedures and retreatment, as well as patient-centred outcomes such as quality of life and pain. It was noted that SWL had a clinically important benefit in terms of major adverse events and length of hospital stay; however, the committee was aware that SWL is generally performed as a day procedure and therefore the length of hospital stay would inherently be much shorter compared to both URS and PCNL. The committee were also aware that the evidence for length of stay came from studies that were not carried out in the UK and that in UK practice URS is more likely to be performed as a day procedure. The committee considered the evidence for adverse events and weighed the reduction in major adverse events when using SWL, with the increase in stone-free status when using URS.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.1.2"><h5>Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</h5><p>When compared to non-surgical treatment, the committee noted that there was a clinical benefit of surgery in terms of stone-free state. No other outcomes were reported. The committee discussed that in usual practice, small stones would normally be treated conservatively, through non-surgical treatment such as medical expulsive therapy or watching and waiting, as there is a higher chance of spontaneous passage. However, it was noted that the evidence suggests that there is not a benefit in non-surgical treatment compared to surgical intervention for stones less than 10 mm in terms of becoming stone free. The committee noted that the evidence for this comparison was from a single study of symptomatic participants, and that there was no evidence for observation only. The committee also noted that it was not possible to split the data further into less than 5 mm and 5 to 10 mm groups, however they considered from their clinical practice that stones less than 5 mm are likely to pass spontaneously, and that watchful waiting may be preferable when pain is not a factor, to avoid undergoing surgical treatment. They considered that for stones larger than 5 mm, watchful waiting may also be an option after discussion of the potential risks.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.1.3"><h5>Overall</h5><p>The committee noted that although the evidence suggests a clinical benefit of URS, this benefit appears to be modest. Further, the economic analysis suggests that an SWL strategy is substantially lower cost, with exploratory QALY work showing that URS will not provide adequate benefit to justify its additional cost. They considered resourcing implications of SWL. It was noted that not all hospitals have fixed units, but instead use mobile lithotripters and therefore are not available at all times. The committee discussed that for stones in the ureter, treatment needs to occur urgently, and therefore SWL may not always be available within the required time period, however the committee discussed the use of electronic referral systems between centres with resulting patient transfers and more frequent mobile lithotripters as possible implementation models to enable faster treatment with SWL.</p><p>The committee also discussed patient preference, and that some people may prefer a less invasive procedure, whereas other people may prefer a procedure under a general anaesthesia.</p><p>Therefore, based on this balance of benefits and harms, availability of SWL and the economic evidence, the committee concluded that SWL should be offered in the first instance in this population, and that URS should be offered when stone clearance is not possible within 4 weeks with SWL, there are contraindications to SWL (such as pregnancy, an aneurysm, or abnormal clotting/anticoagulation), if the stone is not targetable, or if a course of SWL has been failed before.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.2"><h5>Adults, ureteric stones, 10 to 20 mm</h5><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.2.1"><h5>SWL versus URS</h5><p>The committee reviewed the evidence for SWL when compared to URS. They noted that there were fewer people achieving a stone-free state and more retreatments and ancillary procedures in those receiving SWL; however, there were also shorter hospital stays, and fewer major and minor adverse events. The committee again noted that the evidence for length of stay may not be representative of UK practice, and took this into account when considering the evidence.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.2.2"><h5>URS versus PCNL</h5><p>The committee noted that compared to PCNL, there were fewer stone-free people after URS, more retreatments and more ancillary procedures. There was no difference between interventions in terms of adverse events, suggesting that for ureteric stones 10 to 20 mm, PCNL may be more effective than, and just as safe as, URS. The committee noted that the majority of the evidence for this comparison was for people with proximal stones however, they agreed that in UK practice it is unusual to perform PCNL for a proximal ureteric stone of this size because of the perceived increased risk. They noted that it may be the preferred option when the stone cannot be accessed from below or if the stone is impacted, however there is likely to be a small number of people suitable for PCNL. The committee discussed that in some countries, URS is not performed as commonly as in UK practice, which may account for the use of PCNL in this population. The committee also considered that in countries where URS is performed infrequently, the surgical experience and expertise of clinicians in this procedure might not be representative or reflective of that of clinicians in the UK, in which case the effectiveness of URS could be higher in the UK than in the RCTs. The committee noted that these differences in practice are due to differences in the healthcare system in the UK compared to other countries. The committee also noted that the adverse events rate was lower than expected based on the committee’s clinical experience.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.2.3"><h5>Overall</h5><p>The committee considered the evidence for this population and discussed that although SWL had fewer adverse events within the controlled circumstances of a clinical trial; it was not as clinically effective compared to URS. Further, it was noted that SWL is less common in current practice for this population. The committee discussed that this may be partly due to the lower effectiveness and the likely need for more retreatments or ancillary procedures, but also to do with the availability of SWL and the safety concerns around waiting for treatment. They noted that large ureteric stones are associated with a risk of obstruction, which could lead to renal loss if not resolved within 4-6 weeks, therefore this group of patients is more vulnerable compared to smaller stones or renal stones, and the potential harm of delayed or less effective treatment is greater. There are also many patient factors to consider that would make URS a first choice for clinicians and people with stones, such as it being the preferred option for people with recurrent stones, and other complicated groups. The committee considered that it is possible the results of the ureteric <10mm economic analysis could be extrapolated to this group, but agreed that the clinical evidence and concerns regarding safety outweighed this. The committee agreed that URS is the most appropriate option in the first instance. Therefore, the committee concluded that for this population, URS should be offered. A consider recommendation was made for SWL in order to not preclude it from being used, as long as it was available to allow stone clearance within 4 weeks. This is to ensure that SWL is only carried out when there is access to close follow up and early review. The timeframe of 4 weeks was based upon expert opinion and experience of committee, in terms of the risk of adverse events such as obstruction, as well as knowledge from animal studies. The committee considered that although PCNL was shown to be clinically effective, this does not reflect current practice and is not cost effective. The committee agreed PCNL should only be considered for people with an impacted proximal ureteric stone 10-20 mm, where URS has failed.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.3"><h5>Adults, ureteric stones, larger than 20 mm</h5><p>No evidence was identified for this population. The committee discussed that this is a small patient group, due to the fact that stones larger than 20 millimetres very rarely enter the ureter. It was noted that usual practice would usually depend on local availability and expertise; therefore the committee concluded that a recommendation could not be made.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.4"><h5>Adults, renal stones, smaller than 10 mm</h5><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.4.1"><h5>SWL versus URS</h5><p>The committee noted that when compared to SWL, there was very low to moderate quality evidence of clinical benefit of URS in terms of retreatment and ancillary procedures, however there was a benefit of SWL in terms of readmission, major adverse events and failed technology. The committee also noted that there was no clinical difference between the two interventions in terms of stone-free state, based on moderate quality evidence from 4 studies.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.4.2"><h5>SWL versus PCNL</h5><p>The committee noted a benefit of PCNL in terms of stone-free state, compared to SWL. There was no difference between the interventions for the retreatment rate or ancillary procedure outcomes. The committee noted, however, that the evidence for this comparison came from 1 small study and all outcomes had serious or very serious imprecision around the point estimate.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.4.3"><h5>Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</h5><p>When compared to non-surgical treatment, there was a clinical benefit of surgery in terms of both stone-free state and ancillary procedures. The committee noted that of the 2 studies included in the evidence, 1 included symptomatic and 1 included asymptomatic people. The committee considered that for this comparison, in renal stones, quality of life is the primary outcome of interest, however there was no extractable quality of life data.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.4.4"><h5>Overall</h5><p>The committee considered the evidence for this population, and noted that all surgical options carried benefits and harms. The committee considered that there was no difference between URS and SWL in terms of stone-free state, and each intervention had different benefits in terms of use of healthcare services outcomes. On the basis that SWL and URS are clinically equivalent, the committee considered that SWL was more cost effective. Therefore they agreed that SWL should be offered as first line treatment for renal stones <10 mm, and that URS should be considered if there are contraindications to SWL, such as pregnancy, an aneurysm, concerns about clotting, if a course of SWL has previously failed, or if there are anatomical considerations. The committee agreed that although they did not have confidence in the evidence for PCNL, there was no evidence of harms associated with this treatment and noted that it is sometimes used in this population in current practice. They agreed that PCNL could be considered as third line option for those people who had failed treatment with SWL and URS.</p><p>The committee considered that although there was a benefit of surgery compared to no treatment/non-surgical treatment in terms of becoming stone free, for those with asymptomatic stones a watch and wait approach may be preferable. They noted from clinical practice that very small stones (<5 mm) are likely to pass without intervention, and therefore watch-and-wait could be considered. The committee noted that stones greater than 5 mm may still pass spontaneously, but are more likely to require intervention. They agreed that watchful waiting could also be considered for these stone, after consideration of the associated risks.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.5"><h5>Adults, renal stones, 10 to 20 mm</h5><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.5.1"><h5>SWL versus URS</h5><p>The committee reviewed the evidence for SWL compared to URS. The evidence demonstrated that fewer people who received SWL achieved a stone-free status, whereas there were more retreatments and ancillary procedures, compared to URS. The length of hospital stay was lower for those receiving SWL; however, the committee noted that this was due to the nature of SWL, which is performed as a day procedure. The committee considered that there was no difference in the interventions in terms of adverse events or pain. This indicates that for this population, URS is more clinically effective and no less superior to SWL in terms of safety.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.5.2"><h5>SWL versus PCNL</h5><p>SWL was also compared to PCNL. The evidence demonstrated that fewer people who received SWL achieved stone-free status compared to those who received PCNL, and there were more retreatments and ancillary procedures for those having SWL. SWL was shown to lead to a shorter length of stay than PCNL and had fewer major adverse events. The committee noted that the evidence for quality of life was mixed, as those receiving SWL had better social functioning and emotional role scores, but scores on the bodily pain and general health scores were worse. For other SF36 domains, there was no difference between interventions.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.5.3"><h5>URS versus PCNL</h5><p>The committee noted that there was no clinical difference between the interventions for any clinical effectiveness, safety or patient-centred outcomes, except for self-reported pain score and major adverse events, which demonstrated a clinical benefit for URS.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.5.4"><h5>PCNL: tubeless versus standard</h5><p>Standard PCNL in this comparison was defined as with a tube. Only stone-free state and length of hospital stay was reported for this comparison. The committee noted that there was a clinical benefit for tubeless PCNL in terms of stone-free state. The interventions were similar in terms of the length of stay. The committee noted that the evidence for this stratum comparison came from a single, small RCT of 80 participants. The committee also noted that the PCNL procedure used in this comparison for both groups was mini PCNL.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.5.5"><h5>Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</h5><p>The committee noted that there was no clinical difference between surgery and non-surgical treatment in terms of stone-free state; however, there was a clinical benefit of surgery in terms of ancillary procedures.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.5.6"><h5>Overall</h5><p>The committee considered that, based on the evidence, both URS and PCNL are more clinically effective compared to SWL, in terms of stone-free state, and use of healthcare services outcomes, and that the evidence for the URS versus PCNL comparison showed no difference between the two interventions. The committee considered that current practice for these stones is mixed, but that generally URS or PCNL would be used. This is because these procedures aim to remove the whole stone and not leave fragments (PCNL) or fragment the stone to fragments which will pass spontaneously (URS) because larger remaining fragments may cause problems if not fully removed. There was concern that treatment with SWL could result in larger fragments that would not pass spontaneously particularly when treating larger stones. They further noted that PCNL might less frequently require post-operative stenting in this patient group compared with URS, and stenting is associated with adverse effects and further procedures to remove the stent. However, the committee also considered that from the health economics evidence, PCNL was not cost effective, and SWL was likely to be the most cost effective treatment option. The committee considered both URS and SWL and agreed that both may be suitable depending on the size of the stone within the 10-20 mm size band. For instance, they noted from clinical practice that SWL may be effective for stones less than 15 mm, but is much less likely to be effective for stones greater than 15 mm.</p><p>Overall the committee considered that although SWL was the most cost effective treatment option, it was not as clinically effective compared to URS or PCNL and may not be appropriate for all stones. PCNL was shown to be equivalent to URS and more clinically effective than SWL, but the cost difference was much more substantial. Based on this balance of the clinical and cost effectiveness evidence, the committee agreed that URS and SWL should be considered, and that PCNL should only be considered if other treatments have failed. When considering tubeless versus standard PCNL, based on the concerns about the lack of evidence and study size, the committee concluded that a clinical decision based on judgement and expertise should be made when considering what type of PCNL to perform in this population.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.6"><h5>Adults, renal stones, larger than 20 mm</h5><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.6.1"><h5>SWL versus PCNL</h5><p>The committee reviewed the evidence for SWL compared to PCNL and noted that people who were given SWL were much less likely to be stone free compared to those who received PCNL. However, it was noted that this evidence came from a single study of 14 people, and therefore the committee did not have confidence in the findings. The committee further noted that of those 14 participants, not all were treated at the same centre by the same surgeon. Given these concerns, the committee decided that it could not place any weight on this evidence due to the lack of confidence in the findings.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.6.2"><h5>URS versus PCNL</h5><p>The evidence for this comparison demonstrated that there was no difference between the interventions in terms of stone-free state, retreatment rate, pain or major adverse events. Those who received URS did, however, have fewer ancillary procedures, shorter length of stays, and fewer minor adverse events. The committee noted that for these outcomes, the quality of evidence was very low due to very serious imprecision, which reduced the committee’s confidence in the point estimates. The committee also noted that the procedures used in this comparison were diverse, with mini, ultra mini and standard PCNL being compared to standard URS, RIRS and staged RIRS. The committee considered that mini and ultra mini PCNL is not a standard technique in the UK and considered that a URS/RIRS may be more likely to be used in these cases rather than a mini PCNL technique. Further, it was noted that the mean stone sizes of the participants in the included studies were variable, where one study had a small mean stone size of just over 20mm, whereas another study had a mean stone size of over 30mm. The committee discussed that in current practice, URS is not usually offered for stones larger than 20mm, unless there is a contraindication to PCNL, due to the perception that larger stones treated with URS will require a longer operating time, may need more than one treatment session, and are likely to need a post-operative stent which will involve another procedure to be removed.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.6.3"><h5>PCNL: tubeless versus standard</h5><p>Standard PCNL in this comparison was defined as with a tube. The evidence demonstrated that there was no difference between interventions in terms of clinical effectiveness or safety outcomes. There was a benefit of tubeless PCNL in terms of patient-centred outcomes such as length of stay and pain. The committee noted that the majority of the evidence for this comparison came from 1 or 2 small studies (131 and 95 participants) and had very serious imprecision. The committee also noted that for these studies the randomisation process was often not clearly described, and therefore they were unclear about whether true randomisation took place, or whether allocation was determined by intraoperative factors. Due to these concerns, the committee agreed that they could not place weight on this evidence.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.6.4"><h5>PCNL: supine versus prone</h5><p>The committee noted that people who had PCNL in the supine position had a shorter length of hospital stay and fewer major adverse events compared to those in the prone position. However, the evidence demonstrated no benefit of supine PCNL for any outcomes assessing the success of the intervention, that is, stone-free state, recurrence rate, retreatment rate or ancillary procedures. Evidence from 3 RCTs demonstrated a benefit of supine PCNL for length of stay and major adverse events but not minor adverse events.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.6.5"><h5>PCNL: mini versus standard</h5><p>Standard PCNL in this comparison was defined as using standard size. The evidence for this comparison demonstrated that there was no difference between interventions, except for the length of stay and major adverse events outcomes. Length of stay was lower in the mini PCNL intervention, but this intervention had more major adverse events. The committee discussed the evidence and noted that the studies were heterogeneous in terms of how mini PCNL was defined as well as the size of the instruments employed by the different studies.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.6.6"><h5>Overall</h5><p>The committee concluded that given the concerns about the quality and strength of the evidence, there was a lack of sufficient evidence to change current practice. The committee discussed that in current practice PCNL would usually be performed for a stone larger than 20 mm, and that SWL is unlikely to be used for stones of this size. The GC discussed that based on clinical experience; PCNL is quicker than URS, and potentially results in less residual fragments. It was noted that URS performed for stones of this size is technically challenging, often requiring long surgery times, multiple sessions and placement of a stent which will require a further procedure to remove the stent. The committee agreed that although the evidence seems to favour URS, the evidence is very low quality and based on very small RCTs, therefore much stronger evidence from a larger number of participants would be needed to warrant a change current practice. The committee were also concerned about the studies in the comparison of URS vs PCNL, because in one study for example; the mean stone size was much bigger in the PCNL group which would have affected the results. The committee also used their own clinical expertise and discussed anecdotal evidence and also audit data they were aware of, and felt that in reality PCNL is more effective than URS in larger stones and this is not being reflected in the evidence. Therefore, the committee concluded that PCNL should be offered to people with renal stones larger than 20 mm.</p><p>The committee discussed that for some people PCNL may not be possible, due to contraindications such as unfavourable anatomy, multiple comorbidities or anticoagulants. Therefore, the committee concluded that URS should be considered in cases where PCNL is not an option. The evidence for tubeless versus standard, mini versus standard and supine versus prone PCNL was considered, and due to lack of compelling evidence for any particular technique it was decided that clinicians should use their judgement and experience when considering which type of procedure can be offered.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.7"><h5>Adult, renal stones, staghorn</h5><p>No evidence was identified for this population. The committee discussed that current practice for staghorn stones would usually be PCNL. It was also discussed that as staghorn stones are always larger than 20 mm in size, evidence from the adult, renal, larger than 20 mm group could be extrapolated to this population. Therefore, the committee recommended that adults with staghorn stones should be offered PCNL.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.8"><h5>Children and young people, ureteric stones, smaller than 10 mm</h5><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.8.1"><h5>SWL versus URS</h5><p>A clinical benefit of URS was seen in this population when compared to SWL for stone-free state, ancillary procedures and retreatment. The committee noted that although the size of the effects for these outcomes was very large, all evidence came from one very small RCT of 31 participants. Further, both outcomes were imprecise and had a serious risk of bias. The committee considered that for adults with these stones, SWL should be offered and URS should be considered if SWL is not possible. However, they noted that the evidence for these stones in the paediatric population was much less convincing. They also noted that children often need a general anaesthetic for each SWL session, and due to the nature of SWL, may require 2-3 sessions. Further, the impact of this potential prolonged treatment may have an impact on quality of life for children. The committee therefore decided to make a consensus recommendation based on clinical expertise and experience to consider URS or SWL, rather than extrapolate from the adult population. This also reflects current practice.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.9"><h5>Children and young people, ureteric stones, 10 to 20 mm</h5><p>No evidence was identified for this population. The committee therefore decided to make a consensus recommendation to consider URS or SWL, based on the clinical judgement and expertise of the committee. The committee considered that for adults with these stones, URS should be offered and SWL should be considered if up to 2 sessions can be done within 4 weeks of the decision to treat. The committee agreed that rather than extrapolate from this adult population, recommendations should be made that reflect current practice and give clinicians the choice which should be based on clinical judgement and expertise. They also noted that in the adult population, PCNL would be considered for impacted stones, however agreed that in a paediatric population this was very uncommon and so PCNL would not often be used. Therefore the committee agreed not to make a recommendation for PCNL for children with 10-20 mm ureteric stones.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.10"><h5>Children and young people, ureteric stones, larger than 20 mm</h5><p>No evidence was identified for this population. As in adults, the committee discussed that this is a small patient group. It was noted that usual practice would usually depend on local availability and expertise; therefore the committee concluded that no recommendation could be made for this population.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.11"><h5>Children and young people, renal stones, smaller than 10 mm</h5><p>No evidence was identified for this population. The committee considered that for adults with these stones, SWL would be offered, and URS would be considered if SWL was not possible. PCNL would only be considered if SWL or URS had failed. The committee considered the differences in SWL between adults and children, as in the ureteric <10 mm population, and agreed that the need for a general anaesthetic and increased disability caused by stone pain in children may make SWL a less favourable option. Taking into account these factors and the clinical experience of the committee, consensus was these stones could be managed using URS or SWL primarily depending on patient factors, stone factors and local availability of equipment and expertise. PCNL could be considered, as in adult practice, for treatment failures or when anatomically more favourable. The committee noted that asymptomatic stones <10mm may be managed conservatively.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.12"><h5>Children and young people, renal stones, 10 to 20 mm</h5><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.12.1"><h5>SWL versus URS</h5><p>The committee reviewed the evidence for SWL compared to URS in this population. Evidence was from 1 RCT with a small population of 60 participants. The committee noted that SWL had a lower stone-free rate and resulted in more significant residual stones compared to URS; however, there was no evidence of a clinically important difference between interventions in terms of insignificant residual stones, retreatment or length of hospital stay.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.12.2"><h5>SWL versus PCNL</h5><p>There was also evidence for SWL compared to PCNL in this population. Evidence was from 1 moderately sized RCT indicated inferiority of SWL with respect to stone-free state, retreatment and ancillary procedures. In terms of safety outcomes, there was no difference for major adverse events, but there were less minor adverse events in the SWL group. The committee considered that this study was carried out in India, where URS may not be routinely offered. Based on clinical experience and expertise of the committee, it was felt that in many developed countries this population is increasingly offered URS, and concluded this study is not representative of UK practice.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.12.3"><h5>URS versus PCNL</h5><p>Two non-randomised studies showed conflicting findings for this population. One study suggested that URS is associated with more stone free participants, shorter hospital stays but more adverse events, whereas another study suggested no difference between the two interventions in terms of stone-free state or length of stay. The committee considered that this evidence was very low quality. They agreed that due to the quality of the evidence and the conflicting findings, there was not sufficient evidence favouring one treatment modality over the other.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.12.4"><h5>Overall</h5><p>The committee concluded that although the reviewed data were suggestive of a possible clinical benefit for URS or PCNL in children with renal stones of 10-20mm, the fact that the evidence was based on a small number of studies with small numbers of participants meant that they did not have confidence in the evidence. The committee considered current practice for these stones is mixed, and all treatments can be used. Based on this lack of confidence, as well as current practice and clinical expertise, and the committee agreed that all surgical treatment options should be available for this patient group. Therefore, the committee recommended that URS, SWL or PCNL should be considered.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.13"><h5>Children and young people, renal stones, larger than 20 mm</h5><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.13.1"><h5>URS versus PCNL</h5><p>Evidence from a small single study was identified that included children with renal stones larger than 20mm. The committee noted that both stone-free state and retreatment rate were better for PCNL. However, URS demonstrated a shorter length of stay and fewer adverse events. It was noted that these adverse events included three patients in the PCNL group who required transfusion, one who sustained an ileal injury and one a hydrothorax, which are serious events and may require further surgical intervention. Although the stone burden was similar in each arm, there were more staghorn calculi in the URS group (n=5 versus n=3) which may have impacted outcome in a small study. Additionally, a 22F access tract was used, which may have impacted on complication rate. The committee also noted that the risk of bias was very high due to concerns about randomisation, and that the evidence was indirect as the results of the study were reported in terms of renal unit, rather than number of participants. Therefore, this study did not conclusively demonstrate the optimum treatment modality for this patient group.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.13.2"><h5>SWL versus PCNL</h5><p>One non-randomised study suggested a benefit of PCNL in terms of stone-free state and retreatment, but a benefit of SWL in terms of length of stay. The committee noted that the evidence was very low quality. They agreed that the evidence was unconvincing and not sufficient to draw conclusions regarding the preferred treatment modality.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.13.3"><h5>PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</h5><p>Evidence for this comparison demonstrated that tubeless PCNL had fewer ancillary procedures, shorter length of stays and fewer minor adverse events. There was no benefit of tubeless over standard PCNL in terms of stone-free state and retreatment rate. The committee considered the evidence for this comparison, taking into account that all evidence came from 2 small RCTS of 23 and 60 participants. The committee also considered that for one of the studies it was unclear whether true randomisation had taken place, or whether group allocation was based on intraoperative factors.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.13.4"><h5>Overall</h5><p>The committee discussed that all the evidence for this population was low quality and based on a small number of studies with small numbers of participants, therefore they did not have confidence in the findings and agreed that they could not draw conclusions from the evidence. They considered usual practice for this population of larger stones, and noted that PCNL will usually be the most appropriate management. However, it was noted that PCNL is associated with more adverse events and may carry more risks compared to URS. Improvement in URS technology has led to increased use of this modality for this patient group. The committee also noted that some experts also consider SWL as first line management for this group. If undertaken, due consideration must be given to securing proximal drainage before commencing treatment, and treatment should be carried out in a specialist centre. Therefore, the committee decided to make a recommendation based on current practice and clinical expertise, that PCNL, URS or SWL should be considered for this population, to allow clinicians to use clinical judgement and so as to not limit the options available.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.14"><h5>Children and young people, renal stones, staghorn</h5><p>No evidence was identified for this stratum. The committee discussed that as with the adult population, treatment of staghorn stones would be similar to the treatment of stones larger than 20 mm. The committee considered from their clinical experience that contrary to adult practice, SWL is used in current practise in the treatment of paediatric staghorn calculi. They considered that URS and PCNL are also used as part of standard practice. Therefore the committee made a consensus recommendation that PCNL, SWL or URS should be considered for this population, to allow for clinicians to use clinical judgement. As with children and young people with renal stones larger than 20mm, if SWL is selected the committee agreed that it should be carried out in a specialist centre.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.1.3.15"><h5>Overall</h5><p>When considering the evidence for tubeless versus standard PCNL, the committee was aware that the studies were heterogeneous in terms of the type of tubeless PCNL that was used. For instance, it was noted that in some studies, tubeless was defined as neither a stent nor nephrostomy tube being placed at the end of the procedure, whereas in other studies tubeless was defined as a stent only being placed, and no nephrostomy tube. The committee considered this heterogeneity when discussing the evidence.</p><p>The committee recognised that across the strata, there was no strong evidence that SWL was superior to other surgical treatment options. When considering URS and PCNL, it was felt that URS may be more effective than PCNL in some populations; however, for many outcomes there was no clinical difference between the 2 interventions.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.2"><h4>1.1.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this question. The costs of different surgical interventions were identified from the NHS reference costs data of 2016/17 and presented to the committee members. Significant unit costs variation between the different types of surgeries was highlighted; SWL has the lowest cost, £452 (day case), URS costing £2,172 (50% elective weighted average, and 50% day case weighted average to reflect UK practice) and PCNL £5,195 (elective weighted average). According to current practice, PCNL and URS are preferred for larger types of stones and SWL for smaller stone sizes, but PCNL is not preferred for ureteric stones. The most costly procedures (URS and PNCL) are more invasive as well, requiring higher resource use in terms of hospitalisation and the need for general anaesthesia compared to SWL that is a day case without the need of general anaesthesia (except for in children). Other resource use is also associated more with the invasive procedures for example stents are more commonly used after URS which adds further costs.</p><p>Data on retreatment rates favoured the more invasive procedures in the majority of the comparisons; therefore, the less invasive procedures with lower unit costs were shown to be associated with a higher need for retreatments. Hence, it was highlighted that there is the trade-off of an initially more inexpensive intervention (e.g. SWL) that could turn out costing more due to the cost of additional interventions needed after the primary intervention, as SWL can require several sessions. Therefore, the committee discussed that outcomes such as retreatment or ancillary procedures have significant economic weight as potential areas where less expensive interventions can prove more costly.</p><div id="ch6.s1.8.2.1"><h5>Comparison: Ureteric stones in adults <10mm: URS versus SWL</h5><p>A costing comparison was undertaken comparing a strategy starting with URS versus a strategy starting with SWL. The analysis is weighing up whether the initially cheaper intervention will ever be more costly than the alternative, once the additional resource use is considered.</p><p>Clinical review data was used for the probabilities of retreatment, ancillary procedures, readmission, and major and minor adverse events. Because of concerns about heterogeneity in the data, as well as differences in how stone free outcomes are being reported, and what it is possible to infer about the treatment pathway; multiple scenarios have been undertaken which are informed by different data and with differing assumptions. Although all scenarios are cost comparisons in the base case, some scenarios have QALY threshold or exploratory QALY work to infer the likelihood of the most expensive intervention being cost effective. More details in brief about each scenario and an overview of results are provided below. For full details of the costing work please see appendix 1.</p><p>The results showed that overall for all scenarios, there was a significant cost difference between the two strategies. In scenarios 1 and 2 there was a similar magnitude of cost difference of around £2,300. In other words; it would cost over an extra £2,000 for a patient to be stone free using a URS strategy than a SWL strategy. This was mainly being driven by the difference in primary intervention costs because URS is a much more expensive procedure. The incremental cost of scenario 3 was smaller than in the other scenarios (£1,212). This is because it is based only on the resource use of one study and costing up the pathway in that study where; there are many more ancillary procedures for SWL, and also the types of ancillary procedures are driving the results as they were more expensive for the SWL strategy e.g. some were PCNL.</p><p>Sensitivity analyses showed that the magnitude of the incremental cost was affected by factors such as the effectiveness of SWL, the type of secondary procedure, and the proportion using stents. The cost of an SWL session would have to be very high to make the comparators cost neutral. Some exploratory threshold analyses on QALYs and quality of life was also undertaken which showed that it is unlikely URS will be cost effective, as the base case showed that the quality of life difference needed between a stone free and non-stone free health state for URS to be cost effective would be outside the possible range on the EQ-5D. When this was tested by varying the effectiveness of SWL to lower levels, and varying the time between initial and further treatments, then quality of life differences were more possible, but still unlikely to be feasible given that the quality of life of someone with a stone is the average of the small ureteric stone population; with pain levels varying and being episodic. Therefore the quality of life gains calculated can only demonstrate potential cost effectiveness of URS, but are likely to be overestimates for a number of reasons. Overall the analysis demonstrated that the cost differences between URS and SWL are likely to be substantial even when testing various parameters, and exploratory QALY work showed that the gains in quality of life needed in those individuals stone free from the more effective treatment, was beyond feasible values.</p><p>The analysis has limitations in terms of assumptions made, possible underestimation of resource use, and in some cases very few data sources that make the inputs potentially uncertain. Additionally, the QALY work is exploratory and assumption based. There also may be factors omitted such as the risk of obstruction from a ureteric stone. However there was extensive sensitivity analysis and results were strongly in favour of SWL.</p><p>The committee agreed that it did not come as a surprise that an intervention that was much cheaper would provide savings overall, even when other trade-offs like more retreatments are considered. The committee agreed overall that there are likely to be savings from using SWL rather than URS in people with ureteric stones of this size, but there may be some implementation costs that might mean these savings are achieved in the longer term.</p><p>There was however some concern around the risk of obstruction with ureteric stones. It was not possible to quantify what this might be, but the committee were concerned that treatment with SWL, which is known to be less effective may mean a long period of treatment for some individuals which could be putting the kidney at risk. A long discussion was had around implementation of SWL. There are likely to be many options for implementation e.g. having good referral systems may mean additional machines are not needed. The ‘Getting It Right First Time’ Urology report recommends urology area networks. Alternatively more investment in mobile lithotripters could be one option rather than needing fixed site lithotripters in all hospitals (or regions) (however the effectiveness between mobile and fixed can differ which has not been addressed here). Other resources may be affected however such as more staff being needed to undertake SWL (e.g. ultrasonographers) to meet the demand of the machines being used. Additional training to maximise effectiveness of lithotripsy may also be needed. Increases in staffing can also provide benefits to other areas of the NHS as it is likely that not all their time will be spent with this population specifically and so other areas may also benefit. The cost of SWL itself from NHS reference costs include costs on a full absorption basis, which means that the purchase and running costs are included in the cost per procedure that is reported. If SWL was more widely available then without adequate numbers of people using them (in say rural areas) that may well drive up the average in NHS reference costs. On the other hand, if resources are allocated in a way that ensures machines are used to more of their capacity (e.g. if patients travel) then this could drive the cost of SWL down as the costs are spread over more people. In summary, the implementation costs are difficult to predict, but based on these being included in NHS reference costs (except for other factors affected like staff), the committee agreed there are likely to be long term savings and they recommended SWL as a first line treatment.</p><p>If SWL was more available, then the committee agreed with the results of the model that this provided a better balance of benefits and costs, and a recommendation was made to offer SWL in this group. URS was considered for certain groups where SWL was either contraindicated or had other reasons for being a less viable option such as availability, or the patient having failed a course of SWL before; as patients tend to form the same types of stones and this would be a predictor of success.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.2.2"><h5>Comparison: Renal stones in adults <10 mm: URS vs SWL</h5><p>Cost offset calculations were undertaken for this group only incorporating the cost of the initial interventions, and retreatment and ancillary procedures. The definition here of a cost offset is; the difference in initial intervention costs traded off against the difference in downstream resource use of retreatments and ancillary procedures. A range of scenarios were undertaken varying what the ancillary procedure might be. Additionally, exploratory work around the feasibility of cost effectiveness was also undertaken for these simpler calculations.</p><p>Results showed a range of cost offsets from £988 to £1,537, depending on the ancillary assumptions made. The main difference in cost is again from the difference in primary procedure costs. The main conclusion being that the initial costs are being offset very little by downstream resource use. Exploratory QALY calculations showed that QoL differences may be possible with longer timeframes between treatments, but again these are likely to be overestimates given that small renal stones have a smaller QoL impact than ureteric stones.</p><p>Access to BAUS SWL snapshot audit data was also obtained and the data analysed for people with renal stones <10mm (101 patients) to find the cost of an SWL strategy using real data. Costing up the average number of sessions, as well as the resource use from the subsequent management decided at 3 months, led to an overall cost of around £1,300 per person. Therefore there would still be a large cost difference with URS as that would cost at least the cost of the procedure itself (i.e. over £2,200).</p><p>The committee agreed that for renal stones <10mm, SWL offers a better balance of benefits and costs, and current practice is also that SWL would mainly be used for these stones. Therefore a recommendation was made to offer SWL to this groups of patients. There may however be some exceptions to this such as when SWL in contraindicated (for reasons such a pregnancy), or a course of SWL has failed before, or if there are anatomical considerations for example multiple stones that are not in the same location.</p><p>There was limited clinical evidence for PCNL, and current practice is that this sometimes has a place as a treatment for this group, therefore PCNL was considered as a third line treatment if URS and SWL have been unsuccessful.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.2.3"><h5>Comparison: Renal stones in adults 10-20 mm: PCNL vs URS vs SWL</h5><p>Two pairwise comparisons were compared here of PCNL vs URS, and URS vs SWL in simple cost offset calculations. Similar to the method above, as well as analysis of BAUS SWL snapshot data for this size stone group.</p><p>Cost offset calculations showed that PCNL had a cost offset of nearly £3,000 versus URS, and is therefore very unlikely to be cost effective given that the effectiveness of the two interventions was similar.</p><p>URS vs SWL showed a similar result to that of the small renal stone analysis with cost offsets ranging from £836 to £1,391.</p><p>Costing up resource use from the BAUS audit data showed that people had on average 2.2 sessions of SWL, and this led to a 35% effectiveness at 3 months. This is lower than the smaller renal stone group. Costing up the average number of sessions as well as the resource use from the subsequent management decided at 3 months led to an overall cost of around £1,600 per person. This again confirms that even with low levels of effectiveness for SWL, it is still a lower cost strategy than URS. However, this incremental difference may be smaller than for the smaller stone groups (renal or ureteric) because SWL effectiveness is lower in this group. Then whether this cost difference can be justified by the additional benefit from URS remains uncertain and depends on many factors which are unknown such as the quality of life from living with a stone of this size and location.</p><p>The committee acknowledged that PCNL is unlikely to be a cost effective alternative compared too URS as the effectiveness is similar and therefore the additional benefit will not justify the large cost difference. PCNL was therefore added as a consider recommendation if other treatment has failed.</p><p>With regards to the choice between SWL or URS: It was discussed that SWL could be cost effective in this group, as once again it was shown that this is likely to be a lower cost strategy than URS, and benefits may not justify the additional cost of URS, although this is uncertain and was difficult to explore without being able to quantify the health outcomes. The committee were reluctant to have SWL as a first line treatment for this size of stone, because whilst SWL may offer a better balance of benefits and costs, there are also risks with larger stones that have not been quantified. The effectiveness of SWL can vary widely depending on the size of the stone. The committee felt that strata of stone size per 10mm was perhaps too wide to capture these nuances that impact treatment choice in practice. Although the ureteric <10mm economic analysis had showed that varying effectiveness of SWL to low levels (as well as varying time between treatments) did allow for some possible quality of life differences, it was still dependent on many caveats whether these would be feasible. The committee opinion was that as the strata is wide, then a 11mm stone may well be a candidate for SWL, whereas a 19mm stone for example is likely to have a much lower SWL success rate. Therefore both SWL and URS would be choices in practice depending on many factors including stone size. Overall, the committee felt that a recommendation to consider URS or SWL would allow flexibility for clinicians in choosing a treatment option, and would not preclude SWL from being used.</p><p>This could have a change in practice as PCNL is used in these size stones, so there may be a saving from using other interventions instead.</p><p>A discussion on the economic perspective for the other patients subgroups where no economic analysis was undertaken can be found below;</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.2.4"><h5>Ureteric stones in adults 10 to 20mm</h5><p>For ureteric stones 10-20mm; SWL versus URS; The review of clinical data showed that SWL is associated with lower stone-free states, more retreatments and ancillary procedures, but it had fewer adverse events. SWL intervention costs are significantly lower compared to URS, but there is more downstream resource use for SWL which would add to the cost of an SWL treatment strategy. We may be able to extrapolate from the costing analysis undertaken for the adult ureteric stones of <10mm which showed that even when considering retreatments and ancillary procedures, there is still a large cost difference per person between the two interventions. There is however likely to be more of a quality of life impact from having a larger ureteric stone compared to a smaller one, meaning that there may be more benefit from URS than was demonstrated in the economic analysis for those with stones <10mm. After discussion with the committee, the consensus was that even if SWL was cost effective compared to URS, there were safety concerns because of the risk of obstruction with a larger ureteric stone, and so the population was not comparable to that of smaller ureteric stones. The safety concern stems from the fact that following an obstruction, the kidney can lose function within 6 weeks. Obstruction associated with sepsis can be associated with high morbidity or death. Therefore treatment should be undertaken as soon as possible for a ureteric stone particularly of this size. As SWL is a less effective treatment, the time between sessions will add to the total time to stone clearance, and this is a safety concern because it increases the risk of a persisting obstruction. This risk is difficult to quantify because some obstructed patients may be excluded from trials and patients in clinical trials may be more closely monitored than some in real-life practice. Therefore the committee felt the clinical review has not captured the risks that they would be concerned about in practice and it was also not possible to include this risk in the economic analysis for those with stones <10mm.</p><p>The committee felt that URS should be offered as a first line treatment for stones of this type and size because of their safety concerns. There were also felt to be other reasons as to why URS would be a first choice and this is dependent on patient factors such as URS being more appropriate for recurrent stone formers. However the committee felt that a consider recommendation should be made for SWL so that clinicians would not be precluded from using it, as availability may well increase given that it has been recommended for other populations, and felt that making a consider recommendation would acknowledge that and allow for future use and as a possible intervention choice where it is available and clinically appropriate. A caveat was added of considering SWL if local facilities allow stone clearance within 4 weeks of the decision to treat, to ensure that treatment and close follow up is done in a timely way. The 4 weeks was based on committee consensus which comes from animal studies and the committees experience of how complications affect the kidney.</p><p>URS or RIRS versus PCNL, in ureteric stones 10-20mm; The data favoured PCNL in all outcomes apart from major adverse events for which there was no clinical difference (although there will still be a difference in resource use) between the groups, and the committee members highlighted that the reported adverse event rate was lower than expected based on their clinical experience. URS, which is the less costly intervention, is associated with higher retreatment and ancillary procedure rates that would add to the overall cost of the intervention, but it would be unlikely that the total cost of URS would ever overtake that of PCNL, as PCNL is over twice as costly. The effectiveness was also not too dissimilar and therefore it is unlikely there would be adequate benefit to justify the additional cost. The committee noted that in current UK practice, it is unusual to perform PCNL for a ureteric stone, however it might be considered for a large impacted ureteric stone. The studies included for this comparison were a mix of populations some of which had impacted/obstructed stones but were proximal stones. The committee therefore decided to make recommendations in line with current practice and offer URS, but also to consider PCNL in people with impacted proximal stones.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.2.5"><h5>Renal stones in adults >20mm</h5><p>For renal stones more than 20mm there was data from one study comparing SWL to PCNL. PCNL is about 10 times more expensive than SWL. The review found SWL was much less effective. SWL is generally not used for stones of this size. The committee felt there was not enough evidence to inform the comparative effectiveness of these interventions in this group.</p><p>There was also evidence comparing URS to PCNL. These interventions are closer in cost but there is still a substantial difference. Effectiveness and retreatment rates were quite similar. There was shorter length of stay for URS and also fewer adverse events. Given there is not much difference in effectiveness and also other outcomes signalling lower resource use for URS, the evidence implies URS is likely to be a dominant intervention versus PCNL. The committee discussed the evidence and also their clinical experience that PCNL is usually used for renal stones of this size in current practice. URS also, in the committees experience (and their knowledge of some audit data that exists), is less effective than PCNL and has longer operating time, with the likely need for a stent to be placed (and then later removed, which would add to the cost of the procedure) and generally more residual fragments remaining so more need for retreatment. Therefore, the committee opinion was that the clinical review was not reflective of their experience. Because of the committee’s concerns around the quality and applicability of the evidence, they were not confident in changing practice, and decided to recommend current practice of PCNL. This is also likely to be a very small population.</p><p>There may be circumstances in which URS is the most appropriate procedure such as in patents less suitable for PCNL for example those who are more complex medically or have comorbidities, and a recommendation was made to consider URS in those cases.</p><p>There was also some data on within surgery comparisons; such as tubeless versus conventional PCNL and supine versus prone position of PCNL, showing that tubeless had less pain and shorter length of stay, and length of stay also favouring supine. Mini versus standard PCNL was also compared with length of stay favouring mini and adverse events favouring standard. There were no differences in other outcomes. The GC consensus after discussion was that there should be clinician judgement and did not recommend particular methods for within surgery comparisons.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.2.6"><h5>Children</h5><p>There was less data in children than in adults. There are also other considerations for children because they will have general anaesthetic when having an SWL for example, unlike adults. This is likely to make the procedure more expensive than for adults as it may also require an inpatient stay. There are no paediatric costs specifically for SWL. If SWL’s have to be repeated then this can lead to higher risks and also be an unfavourable choice for children.</p><p>In ureteric stones of less than 10mm, only one study was identified which favoured URS for effectiveness by a substantial amount. The lack of evidence however meant that the GC did not feel confident recommending only URS. However it may be similar to the adults in that URS may not be cost effective because it is much more expensive. Cost effectiveness remains uncertain as clinical data was limited, and so the committee decided to recommend both URS and SWL in this group. Availability and skills are also a factor when it comes to which treatment is decided for children.</p><p>There was also some evidence for children in renal stones of between 10 and 20 mm comparing SWL with URS, SWL with PCNL, and URS with PCNL (some of this evidence for children was non-randomised). SWL was found to be less effective (in terms of stone free) than URS and PCNL. URS was found to be more effective than PCNL. These pairwise comparisons were from individual studies. PCNL is considered to be a much riskier procedure for children than for adults, but there are times when that is felt to be the best clinical option. Therefore the committee decided to recommend all treatment options for children in this group.</p><p>A final group where there was evidence for children was in renal stones more than 20mm. URS was compared to PCNL, and found that PCNL is more effective and requires fewer retreatments, but has a longer hospital stay and more adverse events. SWL was also compared to PCNL, and PCNL was more effective. These were again single studies. The committee discussed how generally PCNL is used for larger stones, but given the child population and the risks that might be involved, if this is performed it should be performed in specialist centres with the appropriate expertise. The committee recommended all 3 interventions in this group, leaving it to clinician judgement.</p><p>Children are a much smaller population, so any recommendations are not likely to have a resource impact, and generally recommendations were made to consider all treatment options that would be clinical alternatives for a particular stone size/location, to give clinicians flexibility.</p><p>The committee also made recommendations about watchful waiting for asymptomatic stones, as the surgery recommendations are for symptomatic stones. Although it might be argued that intervening in an asymptomatic stone would have no benefit if the stone is not impacting quality of life, there may be cases where there is benefit to treatment for example, the stone may be in a position where it is likely to move and cause symptoms or adverse events. A management approach should be in discussion with the patient and also dependent on the size of the stone.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.8.3"><h4>1.1.3. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>The committee discussed that there was only 1 UK study, and the majority of the evidence came from studies based in countries such as Turkey, Iran and China and therefore may not reflect current practice in the UK. It was noted that in some countries, URS is not routinely performed, which may impact surgical skill and expertise and not reflect the expertise and experience of surgeons in the UK. It was also noted that the type of stones might be different in these countries compared to the UK; therefore, the included studies may also not reflect a UK population. The committee further noted that in the UK, URS is performed as a day case procedure in 50% of cases, whereas in other countries it more often requires an overnight stay. Therefore, in the UK URS is likely to lead to a shorter hospital stay than the evidence suggests. The committee noted that taking all this into account, the benefit of SWL over URS reduces.</p><p>The committee was aware that different surgical treatments would inherently have different retreatment rates and different length of stay. For instance, the committee noted that SWL would generally have multiple sessions within a treatment cycle and is usually performed as a day procedure, whereas URS and PCNL are more likely to require an overnight stay. The committee took these differences in practice into account when considering the evidence.</p><p>The committee discussed that when considering the outcome ancillary procedures, many studies don’t include stent removal, despite the fact that this often has implications for the person, such as further outpatient attendance and procedures to remove the stent.</p><p>The committee also discussed that there was variation in the studies in terms of the follow up period, and for many studies it was unclear if the stone-free state was reported after the initial treatment, or after retreatments and/or ancillary procedures. The committee took this limitation into consideration when making recommendations.</p><p>When considering the URS versus PCNL comparison, the committee noted that in current UK practice it is unusual to perform PCNL for a ureteric stone. The committee considered the evidence for this comparison within the ureteric strata and discussed the potential reasons for this, as well as the impact of different practices in other countries. The committee concluded that this practice may not be relevant to the UK and therefore should not be adopted based on the evidence in this review.</p><p>The committee also acknowledged that there are no recommendations specific to whether surgery such as PCNL should take place in centres that perform a certain volume of procedures. The guideline was not looking at evidence on the association between volume and outcomes, but recognised that in general such a relationship does exist.</p><p>The committee noted that all evidence in the paediatric population was underpowered and often came from small, single RCTs. It was also noted that due to the lack of RCT evidence for some populations, cohort studies were searched for, and three were included in the review. The committee discussed the lack of RCT and cohort evidence available in this population and was aware of audit data, which have demonstrated a trend for increased use of URS, a decline in SWL with PCNL reserved for large renal stones and those anatomically difficult to reach using other modalities. A trend towards smaller instruments was also noted. Therefore, when making recommendations for the paediatric population, the committee extrapolated from other strata, where appropriate, or based recommendations on clinical expertise and experience.</p><p>The committee also considered that much of the evidence is based on people with single stones, but noted that multiple and bilateral stones are very common. Multiple and bilateral stones are often excluded from studies due to the variability in location and size, and because of this the committee were not able to comment on the management of these stones. They considered that multiple or bilateral stones may be treated differently than a single stone because of the stone burden, and this may impact on treatment options. Therefore multiple stones should be judged on a case by case basis. Whilstthe recommendations may not apply to this population, they also agreed that it may still be appropriate to treat the target stone as per the recommendations.</p><p>When considering patient care and management options the committee noted the importance of decisions being made in collaboration with the MDT.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.rl.r1"><h2 id="_ch6_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref1">Abdel-Mohsen
|
|
E, Kamel
|
|
M, Zayed
|
|
AL, Salem
|
|
EA, Ebrahim
|
|
E, Abdel Wahab
|
|
K
|
|
et al. Free-flank modified supine vs. prone position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective randomised trial. Arab Journal of Urology. 2013; 11(1):74–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4442940/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4442940</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26579250" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26579250</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref2">Aboumarzouk
|
|
OM, Kata
|
|
SG, Keeley
|
|
FX, McClinton
|
|
S, Nabi
|
|
G. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus ureteroscopic management for ureteric calculi. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
|
2012, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD006029. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006029.pub4. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22592707" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22592707</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006029.pub4" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref3">Aghamir
|
|
SM, Modaresi
|
|
SS, Aloosh
|
|
M, Tajik
|
|
A. Totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy for upper pole renal stone using subcostal access. Journal of Endourology. 2011; 25(4):583–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21381953" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21381953</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref4">Aghamir
|
|
SM, Salavati
|
|
A, Aloosh
|
|
M, Farahmand
|
|
H, Meysamie
|
|
A, Pourmand
|
|
G. Feasibility of totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy under the age of 14 years: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Endourology. 2012; 26(6):621–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22192104" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22192104</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref5">Agrawal
|
|
MS, Agrawal
|
|
M. Are multiple nephrostomy tubes necessary after multitract percutaneous nephrolithotomy? A randomized comparison of single versus multiple nephrostomy tubes. Journal of Endourology. 2009; 23(11):1831–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19630485" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19630485</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref6">Agrawal
|
|
MS, Agrawal
|
|
M, Gupta
|
|
A, Bansal
|
|
S, Yadav
|
|
A, Goyal
|
|
J. A randomized comparison of tubeless and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Journal of Endourology. 2008; 22(3):439–42 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18257738" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18257738</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref7">Agrawal
|
|
MS, Sharma
|
|
M, Agarwal
|
|
K. Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy using antegrade tether: a randomized study. Journal of Endourology. 2014; 28(6):644–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24456239" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24456239</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref8">Ahmed
|
|
AF, Maarouf
|
|
A, Shalaby
|
|
E, Alshahrani
|
|
S, El-Feky
|
|
M, Khaled
|
|
S
|
|
et al. Semi-rigid ureteroscopy for proximal ureteral stones: does adjunctive tamsulosin therapy increase the chance of success?
|
|
Urologia Internationalis. 2017; 98(4):411–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27871076" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27871076</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref9">Akar
|
|
EC, Knudsen
|
|
BE. Flexible ureteroscopy versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy as primary treatment for renal stones 2 cm or greater. Reports in Medical Imaging. 2013; 6(1):1–10</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref10">Al-Dessoukey
|
|
AA, Moussa
|
|
AS, Abdelbary
|
|
AM, Zayed
|
|
A, Abdallah
|
|
R, Elderwy
|
|
AA
|
|
et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the oblique supine lithotomy position and prone position: a comparative study. Journal of Endourology. 2014; 28(9):1058–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24856575" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24856575</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref11">Albala
|
|
DM, Assimos
|
|
DG, Clayman
|
|
RV, Denstedt
|
|
JD, Grasso
|
|
M, Gutierrez-Aceves
|
|
J
|
|
et al. Lower pole I: a prospective randomized trial of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrostolithotomy for lower pole nephrolithiasis-initial results. Journal of Urology. 2001; 166(6):2072–80 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11696709" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11696709</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref12">Álvarez Villarraga
|
|
JD, Carreño Galeano
|
|
GL, Hernández García
|
|
CE, Silva Herrera
|
|
JM, Patiño Sandoval
|
|
GA. Conventional vs. tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Is the urinary diversion really necessary?
|
|
Urologia Colombiana. 2017; 25(1):5–9</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref13">Andankar
|
|
M, Maheshwari
|
|
P, Saple
|
|
A, Mehta
|
|
V, Varshney
|
|
A, Bansal
|
|
B. Symptomatic small non-obstructing lower ureteric calculi: comparison of ureteroscopy and extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine. 2001; 47(3):177–80 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11832618" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11832618</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref14">Anderson
|
|
KR, Keetch
|
|
DW, Albala
|
|
DM, Chandhoke
|
|
PS, McClennan
|
|
BL, Clayman
|
|
RV. Optimal therapy for the distal ureteral stone: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy. Journal of Urology. 1994; 152(1):62–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8201689" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8201689</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref15">Arcaniolo
|
|
D, De Sio
|
|
M, Rassweiler
|
|
J, Nicholas
|
|
J, Lima
|
|
E, Carrieri
|
|
G
|
|
et al. Emergent versus delayed lithotripsy for obstructing ureteral stones: a cumulative analysis of comparative studies. Urolithiasis. 2017; 45(6):563–72 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28233025" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28233025</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref16">Azili
|
|
MN, Ozturk
|
|
F, Inozu
|
|
M, Cayci
|
|
FS, Acar
|
|
B, Ozmert
|
|
S
|
|
et al. Management of stone disease in infants. Urolithiasis. 2015; 43(6):513–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26036325" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26036325</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref17">Bagcioglu
|
|
M, Demir
|
|
A, Sulhan
|
|
H, Karadag
|
|
MA, Uslu
|
|
M, Tekdogan
|
|
UY. Comparison of flexible ureteroscopy and micropercutaneous nephrolithotomy in terms of cost-effectiveness: analysis of 111 procedures. Urolithiasis. 2016; 44(4):339–44 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26474768" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26474768</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref18">Bahilo Mateu
|
|
P, Budia Alba
|
|
A, Liatsikos
|
|
E, Trassierra Villa
|
|
M, Lopez-Acon
|
|
JD, de Guzman Ordaz
|
|
D
|
|
et al. Is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy a current treatment for urolithiasis? A systematic review. Actas Urologicas Espanolas. 2017; 41(7):426–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28336203" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28336203</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref19">Bas
|
|
O, Bakirtas
|
|
H, Sener
|
|
NC, Ozturk
|
|
U, Tuygun
|
|
C, Goktug
|
|
HN
|
|
et al. Comparison of shock wave lithotripsy, flexible ureterorenoscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy on moderate size renal pelvis stones. Urolithiasis. 2014; 42(2):115–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24162954" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24162954</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref20">Bas
|
|
O, Dede
|
|
O, Aydogmus
|
|
Y, Utangac
|
|
M, Yikilmaz
|
|
TN, Damar
|
|
E
|
|
et al. Comparison of retrograde intrarenal surgery and micro-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in moderately sized pediatric kidney stones. Journal of Endourology. 2016; 30(7):765–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26983791" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26983791</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref21">Basiri
|
|
A, Ahmadnia
|
|
H, Moghaddam
|
|
SM. The efficacy of conventional PCNL and two modifications to standard procedure. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2006; 56(7):302–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16900709" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16900709</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>22.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref22">Basiri
|
|
A, Simforoosh
|
|
N, Ziaee
|
|
A, Shayaninasab
|
|
H, Moghaddam
|
|
SM, Zare
|
|
S. Retrograde, antegrade, and laparoscopic approaches for the management of large, proximal ureteral stones: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Endourology. 2008; 22(12):2677–80 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19025388" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19025388</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref23">Basiri
|
|
A, Tabibi
|
|
A, Nouralizadeh
|
|
A, Arab
|
|
D, Rezaeetalab
|
|
GH, Hosseini Sharifi
|
|
SH
|
|
et al. Comparison of safety and efficacy of laparoscopic pyelolithotomy versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with renal pelvic stones: a randomized clinical trial. Urology Journal. 2014; 11(6):1932–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433470" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25433470</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref24">Basiri
|
|
A, Zare
|
|
S, Tabibi
|
|
A, Sharifiaghdas
|
|
F, Aminsharifi
|
|
A, Mousavi-Bahar
|
|
SH
|
|
et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of transureteral and shock wave lithotripsy--which is the best minimally invasive modality to treat distal ureteral calculi in children?
|
|
Journal of Urology. 2010; 184(3):1106–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20650490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20650490</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref25">Bhat
|
|
S, Lal
|
|
J, Paul
|
|
F. A randomized controlled study comparing the standard, tubeless, and totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures for renal stones from a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal of Urology. 2017; 33(4):310–4 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5635673/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5635673</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29021656" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29021656</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref26">Bhoir
|
|
A, Shanmughadas
|
|
K, Madhavan
|
|
N. Comparison of patient reported outcomes and treatment related outcomes between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureterosopy (URS) for proximal ureteral calculi. Indian Journal of Urology. 2014; 30:(Suppl 1):S60</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref27">Bilen
|
|
CY, Gunay
|
|
M, Ozden
|
|
E, Inci
|
|
K, Sarikaya
|
|
S, Tekgul
|
|
S. Tubeless mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in infants and preschool children: a preliminary report. Journal of Urology. 2010; 184(6):2498–502 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20961572" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20961572</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref28">Bilen
|
|
CY, Kocak
|
|
B, Kitirci
|
|
G, Ozkaya
|
|
O, Sarikaya
|
|
S. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children: lessons learned in 5 years at a single institution. Journal of Urology. 2007; 177(5):1867–71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17437838" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17437838</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref29">Bozkurt
|
|
Y, Sancaktuta
|
|
A, Bostanci
|
|
Y, Kapan
|
|
M, Cayci
|
|
H. Comparison of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopic stone extraction in the treatment of ureteral stones. Electronic Journal of General Medicine. 2010; 7:29–34</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref30">Breda
|
|
A, Angerri
|
|
O. Retrograde intrarenal surgery for kidney stones larger than 2.5 cm. Current Opinion in Urology. 2014; 24(2):179–83 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24451091" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24451091</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref31">British Association of Urological Surgeons. Section of Endourology - National Audit of ESWL Practice. 2018. Available from: <a href="https://www.baus.org.uk/professionals/sections/endourology/research/default.aspx" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.baus.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/professionals/sections<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/endourology/research/default.aspx</a> Last accessed: 16th May 2018.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>32.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref32">Bryniarski
|
|
P, Paradysz
|
|
A, Zyczkowski
|
|
M, Kupilas
|
|
A, Nowakowski
|
|
K, Bogacki
|
|
R. A randomized controlled study to analyze the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal surgery in the management of renal stones more than 2 cm in diameter. Journal of Endourology. 2012; 26(1):52–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22003819" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22003819</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref33">Caione
|
|
P, Collura
|
|
G, Innocenzi
|
|
M, De Dominicis
|
|
M, Gerocarni Nappo
|
|
S, Capozza
|
|
N. Percutaneous endoscopic treatment for urinary stones in pediatric patients: where we are now. Translational Pediatrics. 2016; 5(4):266–74 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5107374/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5107374</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27867851" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27867851</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>34.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref34">Cakiroglu
|
|
B, Sinanoglu
|
|
O, Tas
|
|
T, Hazar
|
|
IA, Balci
|
|
MB. The effect of inclined position on stone free rates in patients with lower caliceal stones during SWL session. Archivio Italiano di Urologia, Andrologia. 2015; 87(1):38–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25847895" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25847895</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>35.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref35">Carlsson
|
|
P, Kinn
|
|
AC, Tiselius
|
|
HG, Ohlsén
|
|
H, Rahmqvist
|
|
M. Cost effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for medium-sized kidney stones. A randomised clinical trial. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. 1992; 26(3):257–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1439601" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1439601</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref36">Celik
|
|
H, Camtosun
|
|
A, Dede
|
|
O, Dagguli
|
|
M, Altintas
|
|
R, Tasdemir
|
|
C. Comparison of the results of pediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy with different sized instruments. Urolithiasis. 2017; 45(2):203–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27155829" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27155829</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref37">Ceylan
|
|
Y, Ucer
|
|
O, Bozkurt
|
|
O, Gunlusoy
|
|
B, Mertoglu
|
|
O, Zumrutbas
|
|
AE
|
|
et al. The effect of SWL and URS on health-related quality of life in proximal ureteral stones. Minimally Invasive Therapy and Allied Technologies. 2017:1–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28697638" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28697638</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref38">Chan
|
|
LH, Good
|
|
DW, Laing
|
|
K, Phipps
|
|
S, Thomas
|
|
BG, Keanie
|
|
JY
|
|
et al. Primary SWL is an efficient and cost-effective treatment for lower pole renal stones between 10 and 20mm in size: a large single center study. Journal of Endourology. 2017; 31(5):510–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28355100" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28355100</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref39">Chang
|
|
CH, Wang
|
|
CJ, Huang
|
|
SW. Totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective randomized controlled study. Urological Research. 2011; 39(6):459–65 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21331773" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21331773</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref40">Charig
|
|
CR, Webb
|
|
DR, Payne
|
|
SR, Wickham
|
|
JE. Comparison of treatment of renal calculi by open surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. BMJ. 1986; 292(6524):879–82 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1339981/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1339981</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3083922" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3083922</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>41.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref41">Chen
|
|
L. Pediatric diagnosis and treatment of urinary stones and three of the comparison of the minimally invasive treatment. 2014. Available from: <a href="https://www.globethesis.com/?t=2284330434965873" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.globethesis<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.com/?t=2284330434965873</a></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>42.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref42">Chen
|
|
Y, Deng
|
|
T, Duan
|
|
X, Zhu
|
|
W, Zeng
|
|
G. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for pediatric patients with upper urinary stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urolithiasis. 2018; Epublication [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29368009" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29368009</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref43">Cheng
|
|
F, Yu
|
|
W, Zhang
|
|
X, Yang
|
|
S, Xia
|
|
Y, Ruan
|
|
Y. Minimally invasive tract in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones. Journal of Endourology. 2010; 24(10):1579–82 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20839954" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20839954</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref44">Chiong
|
|
E, Hwee
|
|
ST, Kay
|
|
LM, Liang
|
|
S, Kamaraj
|
|
R, Esuvaranathan
|
|
K. Randomized controlled study of mechanical percussion, diuresis, and inversion therapy to assist passage of lower pole renal calculi after shock wave lithotripsy. Urology. 2005; 65(6):1070–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15922429" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15922429</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>45.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref45">Choi
|
|
M, Brusky
|
|
J, Weaver
|
|
J, Amantia
|
|
M, Bellman
|
|
GC. Randomized trial comparing modified tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy with tailed stent with percutaneous nephrostomy with small-bore tube. Journal of Endourology. 2006; 20(10):766–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17094752" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17094752</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>46.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref46">Choi
|
|
SW, Kim
|
|
KS, Kim
|
|
JH, Park
|
|
YH, Bae
|
|
WJ, Hong
|
|
SH
|
|
et al. Totally tubeless versus standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones: analysis of clinical outcomes and cost. Journal of Endourology. 2014; 28(12):1487–94 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25177908" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25177908</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>47.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref47">Crook
|
|
TJ, Lockyer
|
|
CR, Keoghane
|
|
SR, Walmsley
|
|
BH. A randomized controlled trial of nephrostomy placement versus tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Journal of Urology. 2008; 180(2):612–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18554657" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18554657</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>48.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref48">Cui
|
|
X, Ji
|
|
F, Yan
|
|
H, Ou
|
|
TW, Jia
|
|
CS, He
|
|
XZ
|
|
et al. Comparison between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy for treating large proximal ureteral stones: a meta-analysis. Urology. 2015; 85(4):748–56 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25681251" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25681251</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>49.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref49">Daggulli
|
|
M, Sancaktutar
|
|
AA, Dede
|
|
O, Utangac
|
|
MM, Bodakci
|
|
MN, Penbegul
|
|
N
|
|
et al. Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an effective treatment for kidney stones in infants under 1 year of age. A single-center experience. Urolithiasis. 2015; 43(6):507–12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26002160" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26002160</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>50.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref50">De Dominicis
|
|
M, Matarazzo
|
|
E, Capozza
|
|
N, Collura
|
|
G, Caione
|
|
P. Retrograde ureteroscopy for distal ureteric stone removal in children. BJU International. 2005; 95(7):1049–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15839930" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15839930</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>51.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref51">Deem
|
|
S, Defade
|
|
B, Modak
|
|
A, Emmett
|
|
M, Martinez
|
|
F, Davalos
|
|
J. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for moderate sized kidney stones. Urology. 2011; 78(4):739–43 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21664653" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21664653</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>52.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref52">Demir
|
|
A, Karadag
|
|
MA, Cecen
|
|
K, Uslu
|
|
M, Arslan
|
|
OE. Pneumatic versus laser ureteroscopic lithotripsy: a comparison of initial outcomes and cost. International Urology and Nephrology. 2014; 46(11):2087–93 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25082443" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25082443</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>53.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref53">Demirbas
|
|
A, Resorlu
|
|
B, Sunay
|
|
MM, Karakan
|
|
T, Karagoz
|
|
MA, Doluoglu
|
|
OG. Which should be preferred for moderate-size kidney stones? Ultramini percutaneous nephrolithotomy or retrograde intrarenal surgery?
|
|
Journal of Endourology. 2017; 30(12):1285–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27706948" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27706948</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>54.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref54">Demirci
|
|
A, Raif Karabacak
|
|
O, Yalcinkaya
|
|
F, Yigitbasi
|
|
O, Aktas
|
|
C. Radiation exposure of patient and surgeon in minimally invasive kidney stone surgery. Progrès en Urologie. 2016; 26(6):353–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27178347" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27178347</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>55.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref55">Desai
|
|
M, Ridhorkar
|
|
V, Patel
|
|
S, Bapat
|
|
S, Desai
|
|
M. Pediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy: assessing impact of technical innovations on safety and efficacy. Journal of Endourology. 1999; 13(5):359–64 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10446796" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10446796</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>56.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref56">Desai
|
|
MR, Kukreja
|
|
RA, Desai
|
|
MM, Mhaskar
|
|
SS, Wani
|
|
KA, Patel
|
|
SH
|
|
et al. A prospective randomized comparison of type of nephrostomy drainage following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy: large bore versus small bore versus tubeless. Journal of Urology. 2004; 172(2):565–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15247731" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15247731</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>57.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref57">Desoky
|
|
EAE, Fawzi
|
|
AM, Sakr
|
|
A, Eliwa
|
|
A, El Sayed
|
|
ER, El Sayed
|
|
D
|
|
et al. Immediate versus delayed shockwave lithotripsy for inaccessible stones after uncomplicated percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Arab Journal of Urology. 2017; 15(1):30–5 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5329696/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5329696</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28275515" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28275515</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>58.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref58">Donaldson
|
|
JF, Lardas
|
|
M, Scrimgeour
|
|
D, Stewart
|
|
F, MacLennan
|
|
S, Lam
|
|
TB
|
|
et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical effectiveness of shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for lower-pole renal stones. European Urology. 2015; 67(4):612–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25449204" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25449204</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>59.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref59">Drake
|
|
T, Grivas
|
|
N, Dabestani
|
|
S, Knoll
|
|
T, Lam
|
|
T, Maclennan
|
|
S
|
|
et al. What are the benefits and harms of ureteroscopy compared with shock-wave lithotripsy in the treatment of upper ureteral stones? A systematic review. European Urology. 2017; 72(5):772–86 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28456350" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28456350</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>60.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref60">Dundar
|
|
G, Gokce
|
|
G, Gokcen
|
|
K, Korgali
|
|
E, Asdemir
|
|
A, Kaygusuz
|
|
K. Microperc versus miniperc for treatment of renal stones smaller than 2 cm in pediatric patients. Urology Journal. 2016; 13(5):2829–32 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27734423" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27734423</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>61.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref61">El-Nahas
|
|
AR, El-Assmy
|
|
AM, Awad
|
|
BA, Elhalwagy
|
|
SM, Elshal
|
|
AM, Sheir
|
|
KZ. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for renal stones in pediatric patients: a multivariate analysis model for estimating the stone-free probability. International Journal of Urology. 2013; 20(12):1205–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23441845" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23441845</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>62.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref62">Elderwy
|
|
AA, Kurkar
|
|
A, Hussein
|
|
A, Abozeid
|
|
H, Hammodda
|
|
HM, Ibraheim
|
|
AF. Dissolution therapy versus shock wave lithotripsy for radiolucent renal stones in children: a prospective study. Journal of Urology. 2014; 191:(5 Suppl):1491–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24679880" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24679880</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>63.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref63">ElSheemy
|
|
MS, Daw
|
|
K, Habib
|
|
E, Aboulela
|
|
W, Fathy
|
|
H, Shouman
|
|
AM
|
|
et al. Lower calyceal and renal pelvic stones in preschool children: a comparative study of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. International Journal of Urology. 2016; 23(7):564–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27173126" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27173126</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>64.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref64">Elves
|
|
AW, Tilling
|
|
K, Menezes
|
|
P, Wills
|
|
M, Rao
|
|
PN, Feneley
|
|
RC. Early observations of the effect of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy on blood pressure: a prospective randomized control clinical trial. BJU International. 2000; 85(6):611–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10759650" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10759650</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>65.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref65">Falahatkar
|
|
S, Allahkhah
|
|
A, Kazemzadeh
|
|
M, Enshaei
|
|
A, Shakiba
|
|
M, Moghaddas
|
|
F. Complete supine PCNL: ultrasound vs. fluoroscopic guided: a randomized clinical trial. International Brazilian Journal of Urology. 2016; 42(4):710–6 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5006766/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5006766</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27564281" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27564281</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>66.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref66">Falahatkar
|
|
S, Asgari
|
|
SA, Nasseh
|
|
H, Allahkhah
|
|
A, Farshami
|
|
FJ, Shakiba
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Kidney displacement in complete supine PCNL is lower than prone PCNL. Urological Research. 2011; 39(3):159–64 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20938770" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20938770</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>67.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref67">Falahatkar
|
|
S, Ghasemi
|
|
A, Gholamjani Moghaddam
|
|
K, Esmaeili
|
|
S, Kazemnezhad
|
|
E, Seyed Esmaeili
|
|
SN
|
|
et al. Comparison of success rate in complete supine versus semi supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy: (the first pilot study in randomized clinical trial). Urology Journal. 2017; 14(2):3000–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28299762" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28299762</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>68.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref68">Falahatkar
|
|
S, Moghaddam
|
|
AA, Salehi
|
|
M, Nikpour
|
|
S, Esmaili
|
|
F, Khaki
|
|
N. Complete supine percutaneous nephrolithotripsy comparison with the prone standard technique. Journal of Endourology. 2008; 22(11):2513–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19046091" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19046091</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>69.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref69">Fang
|
|
YQ, Qiu
|
|
JG, Wang
|
|
DJ, Zhan
|
|
HL, Situ
|
|
J. Comparative study on ureteroscopic lithotripsy and laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for treatment of unilateral upper ureteral stones. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. 2012; 27(3):266–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22460259" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22460259</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>70.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref70">Fayad
|
|
A, El-Sheikh
|
|
MG, El-Fayoumy
|
|
H, El-Sergany
|
|
R, Abd El Bary
|
|
A. Effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on kidney growth in children. Journal of Urology. 2012; 188(3):928–31 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22819405" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22819405</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>71.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref71">Fayad
|
|
AS, Elsheikh
|
|
MG, Ghoneima
|
|
W. Tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for lower calyceal stones of 2 cm: a prospective randomised controlled study. Arab Journal of Urology. 2017; 15(1):36–41 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5329753/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5329753</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28275516" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28275516</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>72.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref72">Feng
|
|
MI, Tamaddon
|
|
K, Mikhail
|
|
A, Kaptein
|
|
JS, Bellman
|
|
GC. Prospective randomized study of various techniques of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Urology. 2001; 58(3):345–50 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11549477" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11549477</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>73.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref73">Fong
|
|
YK, Ho
|
|
SH, Peh
|
|
OH, Ng
|
|
FC, Lim
|
|
PH, Quek
|
|
PL
|
|
et al. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and intracorporeal lithotripsy for proximal ureteric calculi-a comparative assessment of efficacy and safety. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 2004; 33(1):80–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15008569" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15008569</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>74.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref74">Freton
|
|
L, Peyronnet
|
|
B, Arnaud
|
|
A, Tondut
|
|
L, Hascoet
|
|
J, Pradere
|
|
B
|
|
et al. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy versus flexible ureteroscopy for the management of upper tract urinary stones in children. Journal of Endourology. 2017; 31(1):1–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27824261" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27824261</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>75.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref75">Gadzhiev
|
|
N, Sergei
|
|
B, Grigoryev
|
|
V, Okhunov
|
|
Z, Ganpule
|
|
A, Pisarev
|
|
A
|
|
et al. Evaluation of the effect of Bernoulli maneuver on operative time during mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective randomized study. Investigative And Clinical Urology. 2017; 58(3):179–85 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5419106/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5419106</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28480343" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28480343</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>76.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref76">Ganesamoni
|
|
R, Sabnis
|
|
RB, Mishra
|
|
S, Parekh
|
|
N, Ganpule
|
|
A, Vyas
|
|
JB
|
|
et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing laser lithotripsy with pneumatic lithotripsy in miniperc for renal calculi. Journal of Endourology. 2013; 27(12):1444–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24251428" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24251428</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>77.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref77">Gao
|
|
ZM, Gao
|
|
S, Qu
|
|
HC, Li
|
|
K, Li
|
|
N, Liu
|
|
CL
|
|
et al. Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy improves stone-free rates for impacted proximal ureteral stones: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One. 2017; 12(2):e0171230 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5289591/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5289591</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28152097" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28152097</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>78.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref78">Gökta
|
|
S, Peşkircioğlu
|
|
L, Tahmaz
|
|
L, Kibar
|
|
Y, Erduran
|
|
D, Harmankaya
|
|
C. Is there significance of the choice of prone versus supine position in the treatment of proximal ureter stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?
|
|
European Urology. 2000; 38(5):618–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11096246" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11096246</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>79.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref79">Goldberg
|
|
H, Holland
|
|
R, Tal
|
|
R, Lask
|
|
DM, Livne
|
|
PM, Lifshitz
|
|
DA. The impact of retrograde intrarenal surgery for asymptomatic renal stones in patients undergoing ureteroscopy for a symptomatic ureteral stone. Journal of Endourology. 2013; 27(8):970–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23537311" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23537311</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>80.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref80">Gu
|
|
XJ, Lu
|
|
JL, Xu
|
|
Y. Treatment of large impacted proximal ureteral stones: randomized comparison of minimally invasive percutaneous antegrade ureterolithotripsy versus retrograde ureterolithotripsy. World Journal of Urology. 2013; 31(6):1605–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23334470" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23334470</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>81.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref81">Gücük
|
|
A, Kemahl
|
|
E, Üyetürk
|
|
U, Tuygun
|
|
C, M
|
|
Ylz, Metin
|
|
A. Routine flexible nephroscopy for percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones with low density: a prospective, randomized study. Journal of Urology. 2013; 190(1):144–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23313202" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23313202</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>82.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref82">Guercio
|
|
S, Ambu
|
|
A, Mangione
|
|
F, Mari
|
|
M, Vacca
|
|
F, Bellina
|
|
M. Randomized prospective trial comparing immediate versus delayed ureteroscopy for patients with ureteral calculi and normal renal function who present to the emergency department. Journal of Endourology. 2011; 25(7):1137–41 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21682597" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21682597</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>83.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref83">Guven
|
|
S, Frattini
|
|
A, Onal
|
|
B, Desai
|
|
M, Montanari
|
|
E, Kums
|
|
J
|
|
et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children in different age groups: data from the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Global Study. BJU International. 2013; 111(1):148–56 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22578216" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22578216</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>84.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref84">Guven
|
|
S, Istanbulluoglu
|
|
O, Gul
|
|
U, Ozturk
|
|
A, Celik
|
|
H, Aygun
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Successful percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children: multicenter study on current status of its use, efficacy and complications using Clavien classification. Journal of Urology. 2011; 185(4):1419–24 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21334653" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21334653</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>85.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref85">Haghighi
|
|
R, Zeraati
|
|
H, Ghorban Zade
|
|
M. Ultra-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) versus standard PCNL: a randomised clinical trial. Arab Journal of Urology. 2017; 15(4):294–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5717460/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5717460</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29234531" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29234531</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>86.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref86">Hammad Ather
|
|
M. Optimal minimally invasive treatment of ureterolithiasis. Brazilian Journal of Urology. 2001; 27:128–32</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>87.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref87">Hatipoglu
|
|
NK, Sancaktutar
|
|
AA, Tepeler
|
|
A, Bodakci
|
|
MN, Penbegul
|
|
N, Atar
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Comparison of shockwave lithotripsy and microperc for treatment of kidney stones in children. Journal of Endourology. 2013; 27(9):1141–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23713511" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23713511</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>88.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref88">Hendrikx
|
|
AJ, Strijbos
|
|
WE, Knijff
|
|
DW, Kums
|
|
JJ, Doesburg
|
|
WH, Lemmens
|
|
WA. Treatment for extended-mid and distal ureteral stones: SWL or ureteroscopy? Results of a multicenter study. Journal of Endourology. 1999; 13(10):727–33 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10646679" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10646679</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>89.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref89">Hosking
|
|
DH, Smith
|
|
WE, McColm
|
|
SE. A comparison of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy under intravenous sedation for the management of distal ureteric calculi. Canadian Journal of Urology. 2003; 10(2):1780–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12773226" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12773226</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>90.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref90">Hyams
|
|
ES, Shah
|
|
O. Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy versus flexible ureteroscopy/holmium laser lithotripsy: cost and outcome analysis. Journal of Urology. 2009; 182(3):1012–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19616804" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19616804</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>91.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref91">Imran
|
|
A, Hussain
|
|
A, Seerat
|
|
MI. Treatment of large proximal ureteral stones: Extracoporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus ureterolithotripsy versus laparoscopic ureterolithotomy. Medical Forum Monthly. 2017; 28(12):72–5</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>92.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref92">Ishii
|
|
H, Griffin
|
|
S, Somani
|
|
BK. Flexible ureteroscopy and lasertripsy (FURSL) for paediatric renal calculi: results from a systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2014; 10(6):1020–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25241397" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25241397</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>93.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref93">Ishii
|
|
H, Griffin
|
|
S, Somani
|
|
BK. Ureteroscopy for stone disease in the paediatric population: a systematic review. BJU International. 2015; 115(6):867–73 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25203925" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25203925</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>94.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref94">Islam
|
|
M, Malik
|
|
A. Ureteroscopic pneumatic versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for lower ureteral stones. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons-Pakistan. 2012; 22(7):444–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22747865" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22747865</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>95.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref95">ISRCTN. Prospective randomised trial of tubeless vs conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) [ISRCTN67807054]. 2003. Available from: <a href="http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN67807054" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.isrctn.com/ISRCTN67807054</a> Last accessed: 06/07/2017.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>96.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref96">Istanbulluoglu
|
|
MO, Ozturk
|
|
B, Gonen
|
|
M, Cicek
|
|
T, Ozkardes
|
|
H. Effectiveness of totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in selected patients: a prospective randomized study. International Urology and Nephrology. 2009; 41(3):541–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19165617" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19165617</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>97.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref97">Izamin
|
|
I, Aniza
|
|
I, Rizal
|
|
AM, Aljunid
|
|
SM. Comparing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for treatment of proximal ureteric calculi: a cost-effectiveness study. Medical Journal of Malaysia. 2009; 64(1):12–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19852314" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19852314</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>98.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref98">Javanmard
|
|
B, Kashi
|
|
AH, Mazloomfard
|
|
MM, Ansari Jafari
|
|
A, Arefanian
|
|
S. Retrograde intrarenal surgery versus shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones smaller than 2 cm: a randomized clinical trial. Urology Journal. 2016; 13(5):2823–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27734422" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27734422</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>99.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref99">Javanmard
|
|
B, Razaghi
|
|
MR, Ansari Jafari
|
|
A, Mazloomfard
|
|
MM. Flexible ureterorenoscopy versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for the treatment of renal pelvis stones of 10-20 mm in obese patients. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2015; 6(4):162–6 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4688383/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4688383</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26705461" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26705461</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>100.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref100">Jee
|
|
JY, Kim
|
|
SD, Cho
|
|
WY. Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in pediatric and adolescent urolithiasis. Korean Journal of Urology. 2013; 54(12):865–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3866291/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3866291</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24363869" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24363869</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>101.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref101">Jiang
|
|
H, Yu
|
|
Z, Chen
|
|
L, Wang
|
|
T, Liu
|
|
Z, Liu
|
|
J
|
|
et al. Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for upper urinary stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BioMed Research International. 2017; 2017:2035851 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5434463/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5434463</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28553645" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28553645</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>102.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref102">Jones
|
|
P, Aboumarzouk
|
|
OM, Rai
|
|
BP, Somani
|
|
BK. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for stones in solitary kidney: evidence from a systematic review. Urology. 2017; 103:12–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27856206" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27856206</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>103.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref103">Jones
|
|
P, Aboumarzouk
|
|
OM, Zelhof
|
|
B, Mokete
|
|
M, Rai
|
|
BP, Somani
|
|
BK. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with chronic kidney disease: efficacy and safety. Urology. 2017; 108:1–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28528858" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28528858</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>104.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref104">Jones
|
|
P, Bennett
|
|
G, Aboumarzouk
|
|
OM, Griffin
|
|
S, Somani
|
|
BK. Role of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy techniques - micro and ultra-mini PCNL (<15F) in the pediatric population: a systematic review. Journal of Endourology. 2017; 31(9):816–24 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28478724" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28478724</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>105.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref105">Jun-Ou
|
|
J, Lojanapiwat
|
|
B. Supracostal access: does it affect tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy efficacy and safety?
|
|
International Brazilian Journal of Urology. 2010; 36(2):171–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20450501" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20450501</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>106.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref106">Kadyan
|
|
B, Sabale
|
|
V, Mane
|
|
D, Satav
|
|
V, Mulay
|
|
A, Thakur
|
|
N
|
|
et al. Large proximal ureteral stones: ideal treatment modality?
|
|
Urology Annals. 2016; 8(2):189–92 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4839237/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4839237</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27141190" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27141190</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>107.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref107">Kallidonis
|
|
P, Ntasiotis
|
|
P, Knoll
|
|
T, Sarica
|
|
K, Papatsoris
|
|
A, Somani
|
|
BK
|
|
et al. Minimally invasive surgical ureterolithotomy versus ureteroscopic lithotripsy for large ureteric stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. European Urology Focus. 2017; 3(6):554–66 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28753887" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28753887</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>108.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref108">Kamel
|
|
M, Salem
|
|
EA, Maarouf
|
|
A, Abdalla
|
|
M, Ragab
|
|
A, Shahin
|
|
AM. Supine transgluteal vs prone position in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of distal ureteric stones. Urology. 2015; 85(1):51–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25440820" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25440820</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>109.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref109">Kang
|
|
DI, Cho
|
|
WY, Kim
|
|
TH, Chung
|
|
JM, Park
|
|
J, Yoon
|
|
JH. Effect of tamsulosin 0.2 mg on the short-term treatment of urinary stones: Multicenter, prospective, randomized study. Korean Journal of Urology. 2009; 50(6):586–90</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>110.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref110">Kang
|
|
SK, Cho
|
|
KS, Kang
|
|
DH, Jung
|
|
HD, Kwon
|
|
JK, Lee
|
|
JY. Systematic review and meta-analysis to compare success rates of retrograde intrarenal surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones >2 cm: an update. Medicine. 2017; 96(49):e9119 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5728962/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5728962</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29245347" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29245347</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>111.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref111">Kapoor
|
|
R, Solanki
|
|
F, Singhania
|
|
P, Andankar
|
|
M, Pathak
|
|
HR. Safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the pediatric population. Journal of Endourology. 2008; 22(4):637–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18338958" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18338958</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>112.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref112">Kara
|
|
C, Resorlu
|
|
B, Bayindir
|
|
M, Unsal
|
|
A. A randomized comparison of totally tubeless and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy in elderly patients. Urology. 2010; 76(2):289–93 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20299077" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20299077</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>113.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref113">Karakan
|
|
T, Kilinc
|
|
MF, Doluoglu
|
|
OG, Yildiz
|
|
Y, Yuceturk
|
|
CN, Bagcioglu
|
|
M
|
|
et al. The modified ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy technique and comparison with standard nephrolithotomy: a randomized prospective study. Urolithiasis. 2017; 45(2):209–13 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27170277" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27170277</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>114.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref114">Karakoc
|
|
O, Karakeci
|
|
A, Ozan
|
|
T, Firdolas
|
|
F, Tektas
|
|
C, Ozkaratas
|
|
SE
|
|
et al. Comparison of retrograde intrarenal surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of renal stones greater than 2 cm. Turkish Journal of Urology. 2015; 41(2):73–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4548665/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4548665</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26328205" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26328205</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>115.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref115">Karakoyunlu
|
|
N, Goktug
|
|
G, ener
|
|
NC, Zengin
|
|
K, Nalbant
|
|
I, Ozturk
|
|
U
|
|
et al. A comparison of standard PCNL and staged retrograde FURS in pelvis stones over 2 cm in diameter: a prospective randomized study. Urolithiasis. 2017; 43(3):283–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25838180" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25838180</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>116.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref116">Karami
|
|
H, Arbab
|
|
AH, Hosseini
|
|
SJ, Razzaghi
|
|
MR, Simaei
|
|
NR. Impacted upper-ureteral calculi >1 cm: blind access and totally tubeless percutaneous antegrade removal or retrograde approach?
|
|
Journal of Endourology. 2006; 20(9):616–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16999610" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16999610</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>117.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref117">Karami
|
|
H, Mohammadi
|
|
R, Lotfi
|
|
B. A study on comparative outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in prone, supine, and flank positions. World Journal of Urology. 2013; 31(5):1225–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22692449" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22692449</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>118.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref118">Karatag
|
|
T, Tepeler
|
|
A, Silay
|
|
MS, Bodakci
|
|
MN, Buldu
|
|
I, Daggulli
|
|
M
|
|
et al. A comparison of 2 percutaneous nephrolithotomy techniques for the treatment of pediatric kidney stones of sizes 10-20 mm: Microperc vs Miniperc. Urology. 2015; 85(5):1015–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25917724" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25917724</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>119.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref119">Karlsen
|
|
SJ, Renkel
|
|
J, Tahir
|
|
AR, Angelsen
|
|
A, Diep
|
|
LM. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy for 5- to 10-mm stones in the proximal ureter: prospective effectiveness patient-preference trial. Journal of Endourology. 2007; 21(1):28–33 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17263604" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17263604</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>120.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref120">Keeley
|
|
FX, Tilling
|
|
K, Elves
|
|
A, Menezes
|
|
P, Wills
|
|
M, Rao
|
|
N
|
|
et al. Preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial of prophylactic shock wave lithotripsy for small asymptomatic renal calyceal stones. BJU International. 2001; 87(1):1–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11121982" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11121982</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>121.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref121">Khalil
|
|
M. Management of impacted proximal ureteral stone: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy. Urology Annals. 2013; 5(2):88–92 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3685752/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3685752</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23798864" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23798864</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>122.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref122">Kijvikai
|
|
K, Haleblian
|
|
GE, Preminger
|
|
GM, de la Rosette
|
|
J. Shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy for the management of proximal ureteral calculi: an old discussion revisited. Journal of Urology. 2007; 178(4 Pt 1):1157–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17698126" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17698126</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>123.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref123">Kiraç
|
|
M, Atkin
|
|
MS, Biri
|
|
H, Deniz
|
|
N. Ureteroscopy: the first-line treatment for distally located ureteral stones smaller than 10 mm. Urology Journal. 2013; 10(4):1028–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24469645" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24469645</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>124.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref124">Knoll
|
|
T, Buchholz
|
|
N, Wendt-Nordahl
|
|
G. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy vs. percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs. flexible ureterorenoscopy for lower-pole stones. Arab Journal of Urology. 2012; 10(3):336–41 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4442916/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4442916</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26558046" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26558046</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>125.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref125">Knoll
|
|
T, Jessen
|
|
JP, Honeck
|
|
P, Wendt-Nordahl
|
|
G. Flexible ureterorenoscopy versus miniaturized PNL for solitary renal calculi of 10-30 mm size. World Journal of Urology. 2011; 29(6):755–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22037633" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22037633</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>126.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref126">Koo
|
|
V, Young
|
|
M, Thompson
|
|
T, Duggan
|
|
B. Cost-effectiveness and efficiency of shockwave lithotripsy vs flexible ureteroscopic holmium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser lithotripsy in the treatment of lower pole renal calculi. BJU International. 2011; 108(11):1913–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21453346" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21453346</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>127.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref127">Korkes
|
|
F, Lopes-Neto
|
|
AC, Mattos
|
|
MH, Pompeo
|
|
AC, Wroclawski
|
|
ER. Patient position and semi-rigid ureteroscopy outcomes. International Brazilian Journal of Urology. 2009; 35(5):542–7; discussion 548–50 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19860932" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19860932</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>128.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref128">Kumar
|
|
A, Kumar
|
|
N, Vasudeva
|
|
P, Kumar Jha
|
|
S, Kumar
|
|
R, Singh
|
|
H. A prospective, randomized comparison of shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery and miniperc for treatment of 1 to 2 cm radiolucent lower calyceal renal calculi: a single center experience. Journal of Urology. 2015; 193(1):160–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25066869" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25066869</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>129.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref129">Kumar
|
|
A, Kumar
|
|
N, Vasudeva
|
|
P, Kumar
|
|
R, Jha
|
|
SK, Singh
|
|
H. A single center experience comparing miniperc and shockwave lithotripsy for treatment of radiopaque 1-2 cm lower caliceal renal calculi in children: a prospective randomized study. Journal of Endourology. 2015; 29(7):805–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25633506" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25633506</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>130.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref130">Kumar
|
|
A, Mohanty
|
|
NK, Jain
|
|
M, Prakash
|
|
S, Arora
|
|
RP. A prospective randomized comparison between early (<48 hours of onset of colicky pain) versus delayed shockwave lithotripsy for symptomatic upper ureteral calculi: a single center experience. Journal of Endourology. 2010; 24(12):2059–66 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20973739" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20973739</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>131.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref131">Kumar
|
|
A, Nanda
|
|
B, Kumar
|
|
N, Kumar
|
|
R, Vasudeva
|
|
P, Mohanty
|
|
NK. A prospective randomized comparison between shockwave lithotripsy and semirigid ureteroscopy for upper ureteral stones <2?cm: a single center experience. Journal of Endourology. 2015; 29(1):47–51 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23914770" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23914770</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>132.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref132">Kumar
|
|
A, Vasudeva
|
|
P, Nanda
|
|
B, Kumar
|
|
N, Das
|
|
MK, Jha
|
|
SK. A prospective randomized comparison between shock wave lithotripsy and flexible ureterorenoscopy for lower caliceal stones <2cm: A single-center experience. Journal of Endourology. 2015; 29(5):575–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25203489" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25203489</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>133.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref133">Kumar
|
|
A, Vasudeva
|
|
P, Nanda
|
|
B, Kumar
|
|
N, Jha
|
|
SK, Singh
|
|
H. A prospective randomized comparison between laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and semirigid ureteroscopy for upper ureteral stones >2?Cm: a single-center experience. Journal of Endourology. 2015; 29(11):1248–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25177768" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25177768</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>134.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref134">Kumar
|
|
R, Anand
|
|
A, Saxena
|
|
V, Seth
|
|
A, Dogra
|
|
PN, Gupta
|
|
NP. Safety and efficacy of PCNL for management of staghorn calculi in pediatric patients. Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2011; 7(3):248–51 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21527225" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21527225</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>135.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref135">Kupeli
|
|
B, Biri
|
|
H, Isen
|
|
K, Onaran
|
|
M, Alkibay
|
|
T, Karaoglan
|
|
U
|
|
et al. Treatment of ureteral stones: comparison of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and endourologic alternatives. European Urology. 1998; 34(6):474–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9831788" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9831788</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>136.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref136">Lam
|
|
JS, Greene
|
|
TD, Gupta
|
|
M. Treatment of proximal ureteral calculi: holmium:YAG laser ureterolithotripsy versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Journal of Urology. 2002; 167(5):1972–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11956420" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11956420</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>137.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref137">Lee
|
|
JH, Woo
|
|
SH, Kim
|
|
ET, Kim
|
|
DK, Park
|
|
J. Comparison of patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes between ureteroscopy and shock wave lithotripsy for proximal ureteral stones. Korean Journal of Urology. 2010; 51(11):788–93 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2991578/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2991578</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21165201" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21165201</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>138.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref138">Lee
|
|
JW, Park
|
|
J, Lee
|
|
SB, Son
|
|
H, Cho
|
|
SY, Jeong
|
|
H. Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stones larger than 10 mm: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Urology. 2015; 86(5):873–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26320082" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26320082</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>139.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref139">Lee
|
|
JY, Jeh
|
|
SU, Kim
|
|
MD, Kang
|
|
DH, Kwon
|
|
JK, Ham
|
|
WS
|
|
et al. Intraoperative and post-operative feasibility and safety of total tubeless, tubeless, small-bore tube, and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials. BMC Urology. 2017; 17(1):48 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5488341/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5488341</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28655317" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28655317</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>140.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref140">Lee
|
|
SW, Chaiyakunapruk
|
|
N, Chong
|
|
HY, Liong
|
|
ML. Comparative effectiveness and safety of various treatment procedures for lower pole renal calculi: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BJU International. 2015; 116(2):252–64 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25381743" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25381743</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>141.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref141">Lee
|
|
YH, Tsai
|
|
JY, Jiaan
|
|
BP, Wu
|
|
T, Yu
|
|
CC. Prospective randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy for management of large upper third ureteral stones. Urology. 2006; 67(3):480–4; discussion 484 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16527562" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16527562</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>142.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref142">Leong
|
|
WS, Liong
|
|
ML, Liong
|
|
YV, Wu
|
|
DB, Lee
|
|
SW. Does simultaneous inversion during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy improve stone clearance: a long-term, prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled study. Urology. 2014; 83(1):40–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24044912" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24044912</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>143.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref143">Li
|
|
ZG, Zhao
|
|
Y, Fan
|
|
T, Hao
|
|
L, Han
|
|
CH, Zang
|
|
GH. Clinical effects of FURL and PCNL with holmium laserfor the treatment of kidney stones. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2017; 12(6):3653–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5228189/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5228189</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28101159" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28101159</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>144.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref144">Liu
|
|
M, Huang
|
|
J, Lu
|
|
J, Hu
|
|
L, Wang
|
|
Z, Ma
|
|
W
|
|
et al. Randomized controlled study of selective tubeless minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy for upper urinary calculi. Minerva Urologica e Nefrologica. 2017; 69(4):366–71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27583658" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27583658</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>145.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref145">Liu
|
|
M, Huang
|
|
J, Lu
|
|
J, Hu
|
|
L, Wang
|
|
Z, Ma
|
|
W
|
|
et al. Selective tubeless minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy for upper urinary calculi. Minerva Urologica e Nefrologica. 2017; 69(4):366–71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27583658" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27583658</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>146.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref146">Liu
|
|
Y, Wu
|
|
W, Tuerxun
|
|
A, Liu
|
|
Y, Simayi
|
|
A, Huang
|
|
J
|
|
et al. Super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of pediatric nephrolithiasis: evaluation of the initial results. Journal of Endourology. 2017; 31(S1):S38–42 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27819138" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27819138</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>147.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref147">Liu
|
|
Y, Zhou
|
|
Z, Xia
|
|
A, Dai
|
|
H, Guo
|
|
L, Zheng
|
|
J. Clinical observation of different minimally invasive surgeries for the treatment of impacted upper ureteral calculi. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013; 29(6):1358–62 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3905360/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3905360</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24550953" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24550953</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>148.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref148">Lopes Neto
|
|
AC, Korkes
|
|
F, Silva
|
|
JL, Amarante
|
|
RD, Mattos
|
|
MH, Tobias-Machado
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Prospective randomized study of treatment of large proximal ureteral stones: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus ureterolithotripsy versus laparoscopy. Journal of Urology. 2012; 187(1):164–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22100003" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22100003</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>149.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref149">Lu
|
|
P, Song
|
|
R, Yu
|
|
Y, Yang
|
|
J, Qi
|
|
K, Tao
|
|
R
|
|
et al. Clinical efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for pediatric kidney urolithiasis: a PRISMA-compliant article. Medicine. 2017; 96(43):e8346 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5671844/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5671844</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29069011" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29069011</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>150.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref150">Lu
|
|
Y, Ping
|
|
JG, Zhao
|
|
XJ, Hu
|
|
LK, Pu
|
|
JX. Randomized prospective trial of tubeless versus conventional minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy. World Journal of Urology. 2013; 31(5):1303–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22903789" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22903789</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>151.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref151">Lucarelli
|
|
G, Breda
|
|
A. Prone and supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Minerva Urologica e Nefrologica. 2013; 65(2):93–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23703096" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23703096</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>152.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref152">Manzoor
|
|
S, Hashmi
|
|
AH, Sohail
|
|
MA, Mahar
|
|
F, Bhatti
|
|
S, Khuhro
|
|
AQ. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) vs. ureterorenoscopic (URS) manipulation in proximal ureteric stone. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons-Pakistan. 2013; 23(10):726–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24112259" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24112259</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>153.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref153">Marchant
|
|
F, Recabal
|
|
P, Fernández
|
|
MI, Osorio
|
|
F, Benavides
|
|
J. Post-operative morbidity of tubeless versus conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective comparative study. Urological Research. 2011; 39(6):477–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21337032" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21337032</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>154.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref154">Marchant
|
|
F, Storme
|
|
O, Osorio
|
|
F, Benavides
|
|
J, Palma
|
|
C, Ossandon
|
|
E. [Prospective trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for management of distal ureteral calculi]. Actas Urologicas Espanolas. 2009; 33(8):869–72 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19900380" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19900380</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>155.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref155">Matlaga
|
|
BR, Jansen
|
|
JP, Meckley
|
|
LM, Byrne
|
|
TW, Lingeman
|
|
JE. Treatment of ureteral and renal stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Journal of Urology. 2012; 188(1):130–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3774029/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3774029</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22591962" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22591962</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>156.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref156">Matsuura
|
|
H, Hioki
|
|
T, Sakurai
|
|
M, Arima
|
|
K, Yanagawa
|
|
M, Sugimura
|
|
Y
|
|
et al. [Influence of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on renal function assessed by 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy: comparative analysis between ESWL and percutaneous nephroureterolithotripsy (PNL)]. Hinyokika Kiyo Acta Urologica Japonica. 1994; 40(12):1061–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7863857" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7863857</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>157.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref157">Mehrabi
|
|
S, Manzouri
|
|
L, Ganji
|
|
R, Mehrabi
|
|
F. Comparison the success and complications of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomyin prone and supine position under spinal anesthesia. Acta Medica Mediterranea. 2016; 32(Special Issue 5):2079–83</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>158.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref158">Mehrabi
|
|
S, Rahmani
|
|
A, Mehrabi
|
|
A, Motlagh
|
|
A. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy versus laser lithotripsy by semirigid ureteroscope in treatment of upper ureteral stones. Acta Medica Mediterranea. 2016; 32(Special Issue 5):2075–78</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>159.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref159">Menon
|
|
M. Cost effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for medium-sized kidney stones: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of Urology. 1993; 150(2 Pt 1):565 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8326600" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8326600</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>160.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref160">Meretyk
|
|
S, Gofrit
|
|
ON, Gafni
|
|
O, Pode
|
|
D, Shapiro
|
|
A, Verstandig
|
|
A
|
|
et al. Complete staghorn calculi: random prospective comparison between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy and combined with percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. Journal of Urology. 1997; 157(3):780–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9072566" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9072566</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>161.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref161">Mi
|
|
Y, Ren
|
|
K, Pan
|
|
H, Zhu
|
|
L, Wu
|
|
S, You
|
|
X
|
|
et al. Flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) with holmium laser versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treatment of renal stone <2 cm: a meta-analysis. Urolithiasis. 2016; 44(4):353–65 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26530230" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26530230</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>162.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref162">Mishra
|
|
S, Sabnis
|
|
RB, Kurien
|
|
A, Ganpule
|
|
A, Muthu
|
|
V, Desai
|
|
M. Questioning the wisdom of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL): a prospective randomized controlled study of early tube removal vs tubeless PCNL. BJU International. 2010; 106(7):1045–8; discussion 1048–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20151965" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20151965</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>163.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref163">Mishra
|
|
S, Sharma
|
|
R, Garg
|
|
C, Kurien
|
|
A, Sabnis
|
|
R, Desai
|
|
M. Prospective comparative study of Miniperc and standard PNL for treatment of 1 to 2 cm size renal stone. BJU International. 2011; 108(6):896–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21477212" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21477212</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>164.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref164">Mokhless
|
|
IA, Abdeldaeim
|
|
HM, Saad
|
|
A, Zahran
|
|
AR. Retrograde intrarenal surgery monotherapy versus shock wave lithotripsy for stones 10 to 20 mm in preschool children: a prospective, randomized study. Journal of Urology. 2014; 191:(5 Suppl):1496–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24679882" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24679882</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>165.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref165">Moosanejad
|
|
N, Firouzian
|
|
A, Hashemi
|
|
SA, Bahari
|
|
M, Fazli
|
|
M. Comparison of totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney stones: a randomized, clinical trial. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2016; 49(4):e4878 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4819406/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4819406</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27007650" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27007650</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>166.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref166">Nabi
|
|
G, Downey
|
|
P, Keeley
|
|
F, Watson
|
|
G, McClinton
|
|
S. Extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus ureteroscopic management for ureteric calculi. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
|
2007, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006029. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006029.pub2. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17253576" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17253576</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006029.pub2" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>167.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref167">Natarajan
|
|
V, Prakash
|
|
J, Vethachalam
|
|
K, Meyyappan
|
|
R, Kamaraj
|
|
V, Jeyaraman
|
|
R. Comparison of patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes between ureteroscopy and shock wave lithotripsy for proximal ureteral stones. Indian Journal of Urology. 2014; 30:(Suppl 1):S64</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>168.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref168">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual. London. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Available from: <a href="http://www.nice.org.uk/article/PMG20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org.uk<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/article/PMG20/chapter<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26677490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26677490</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>169.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref169">Ozturk
|
|
MD, Sener
|
|
NC, Goktug
|
|
HN, Gucuk
|
|
A, Nalbant
|
|
I, Imamoglu
|
|
MA. The comparison of laparoscopy, shock wave lithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal surgery for large proximal ureteral stones. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2013; 7(11-12):E673–6 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3840519/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3840519</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24282455" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24282455</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>170.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref170">Palmero
|
|
JL, Duran-Rivera
|
|
AJ, Miralles
|
|
J, Pastor
|
|
JC, Benedicto
|
|
A. Comparative study for the efficacy and safety of percutaneous nefhrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the treatment of 2-3,5 cm kidney stones. Archivos Españoles de Urología. 2016; 69(2):67–72 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26959965" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26959965</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>171.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref171">Pan
|
|
J, Chen
|
|
Q, Xue
|
|
W, Chen
|
|
Y, Xia
|
|
L, Chen
|
|
H
|
|
et al. RIRS versus mPCNL for single renal stone of 2-3 cm: clinical outcome and cost-effective analysis in Chinese medical setting. Urolithiasis. 2013; 41(1):73–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23532427" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23532427</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>172.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref172">Parker
|
|
BD, Frederick
|
|
RW, Reilly
|
|
TP, Lowry
|
|
PS, Bird
|
|
ET. Efficiency and cost of treating proximal ureteral stones: shock wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy plus holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. Urology. 2004; 64(6):1102–6; discussion 1106 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15596177" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15596177</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>173.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref173">Pearle
|
|
MS, Lingeman
|
|
JE, Leveillee
|
|
R, Kuo
|
|
R, Preminger
|
|
GM, Nadler
|
|
RB
|
|
et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for lower pole caliceal calculi 1 cm or less. Journal of Urology. 2008; 179:(Suppl 5):S69–73 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18405758" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18405758</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>174.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref174">Pearle
|
|
MS, Nadler
|
|
R, Bercowsky
|
|
E, Chen
|
|
C, Dunn
|
|
M, Figenshau
|
|
RS
|
|
et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for management of distal ureteral calculi. Journal of Urology. 2001; 166(4):1255–60 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11547053" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11547053</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>175.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref175">Pelit
|
|
ES, Atis
|
|
G, Kati
|
|
B, Akin
|
|
Y, Ciftci
|
|
H, Culpan
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Comparison of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery in preschool-aged children. Urology. 2017; 101:21–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27818164" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27818164</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>176.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref176">Peschel
|
|
R, Janetschek
|
|
G, Bartsch
|
|
G. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy for distal ureteral calculi: a prospective randomized study. Journal of Urology. 1999; 162(6):1909–12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10569535" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10569535</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>177.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref177">Preminger
|
|
GM. Management of lower pole renal calculi: shock wave lithotripsy versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus flexible ureteroscopy. Urological Research. 2006; 34(2):108–11 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16463145" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16463145</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>178.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref178">Qi
|
|
S, Li
|
|
Y, Liu
|
|
X, Zhang
|
|
C, Zhang
|
|
H, Zhang
|
|
Z
|
|
et al. Clinical efficacy, safety, and costs of percutaneous occlusive balloon catheter-assisted ureteroscopic lithotripsy for large impacted proximal ureteral calculi: a prospective, randomized study. Journal of Endourology. 2014; 28(9):1064–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24786613" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24786613</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>179.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref179">Rabani
|
|
SM, Moosavizadeh
|
|
A. Management of large proximal ureteral stones: a comparative clinical trial between transureteral lithotripsy (TUL) and shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Nephro-Urology Monthly. 2012; 4(3):556–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3614297/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3614297</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23573485" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23573485</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>180.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref180">Ravier
|
|
E, Abid
|
|
N, Ruffion
|
|
A, Fassi-Fehri
|
|
H, Buron
|
|
C, Ganne
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Effectiveness of flexible ureteroscopy versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for kidney stones treatment. Progrès en Urologie. 2015; 25(5):233–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25640027" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25640027</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>181.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref181">Raza
|
|
A, Turna
|
|
B, Smith
|
|
G, Moussa
|
|
S, Tolley
|
|
DA. Pediatric urolithiasis: 15 years of local experience with minimally invasive endourological management of pediatric calculi. Journal of Urology. 2005; 174(2):682–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16006948" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16006948</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>182.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref182">Resorlu
|
|
B, Unsal
|
|
A, Tepeler
|
|
A, Atis
|
|
G, Tokatli
|
|
Z, Oztuna
|
|
D
|
|
et al. Comparison of retrograde intrarenal surgery and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children with moderate-size kidney stones: results of multi-institutional analysis. Urology. 2012; 80(3):519–23 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22673546" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22673546</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>183.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref183">Saad
|
|
KS, Youssif
|
|
ME, Al Islam Nafis Hamdy
|
|
S, Fahmy
|
|
A, Din Hanno
|
|
AG, El-Nahas
|
|
AR. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs retrograde intrarenal surgery for large renal stones in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Urology. 2015; 194(6):1716–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26165587" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26165587</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>184.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref184">Sabnis
|
|
RB, Ganesamoni
|
|
R, Doshi
|
|
A, Ganpule
|
|
AP, Jagtap
|
|
J, Desai
|
|
MR. Micropercutaneous nephrolithotomy (microperc) vs retrograde intrarenal surgery for the management of small renal calculi: a randomized controlled trial. BJU International. 2013; 112(3):355–61 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23826843" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23826843</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>185.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref185">Sabnis
|
|
RB, Jagtap
|
|
J, Mishra
|
|
S, Desai
|
|
M. Treating renal calculi 1-2 cm in diameter with minipercutaneous or retrograde intrarenal surgery: a prospective comparative study. BJU International. 2012; 110(8 Pt B):E346–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22487401" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22487401</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>186.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref186">Sakr
|
|
A, Salem
|
|
E, Kamel
|
|
M, Desoky
|
|
E, Ragab
|
|
A, Omran
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs standard PCNL for management of renal stones in the flank-free modified supine position: single-center experience. Urolithiasis. 2017; 45(6):585–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28229197" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28229197</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>187.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref187">Salem
|
|
HK. A prospective randomized study comparing shock wave lithotripsy and semirigid ureteroscopy for the management of proximal ureteral calculi. Urology. 2009; 74(6):1216–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19815264" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19815264</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>188.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref188">Samad
|
|
L, Zaidi
|
|
Z. Tubed vs tubeless PCNL in children. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2012; 62(9):892–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23139970" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23139970</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>189.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref189">Sarica
|
|
K, Eryildirim
|
|
B, Sahin
|
|
C, Türko?lu Ö
|
|
K, Tuncer
|
|
M, Coskun
|
|
A
|
|
et al. Emergency management of ureteral stones: evaluation of two different approaches with an emphasis on patients’ life quality. Archivio Italiano di Urologia, Andrologia. 2017; 88(3):201–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27711094" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27711094</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>190.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref190">Sarica
|
|
K, Sahin
|
|
C. Contemporary minimally invasive surgical management of urinary stones in children. European Urology, Supplements. 2017; 16(1):2–7</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>191.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref191">Schoenthaler
|
|
M, Wilhelm
|
|
K, Hein
|
|
S, Adams
|
|
F, Schlager
|
|
D, Wetterauer
|
|
U
|
|
et al. Ultra-mini PCNL versus flexible ureteroscopy: a matched analysis of treatment costs (endoscopes and disposables) in patients with renal stones 10-20 mm. World Journal of Urology. 2015; 33(10):1601–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25614255" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25614255</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>192.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref192">Schultz-Lampel
|
|
D, Lampel
|
|
A. The surgical management of stones in children. BJU International. 2001; 87(8):732–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11350428" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11350428</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>193.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref193">Sebaey
|
|
A, Khalil
|
|
MM, Soliman
|
|
T, Mohey
|
|
A, Elshaer
|
|
W, Kandil
|
|
W
|
|
et al. Standard versus tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a randomised controlled trial. Arab Journal of Urology. 2016; 14(1):18–23 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4767792/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4767792</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26966588" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26966588</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>194.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref194">Sen
|
|
H, Seckiner
|
|
I, Bayrak
|
|
O, Dogan
|
|
K, Erturhan
|
|
S. A comparison of micro-PERC and retrograde intrarenal surgery results in pediatric patients with renal stones. Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2017; 13(6):619.e1–e5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28679474" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28679474</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>195.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref195">Sen
|
|
H, Seckiner
|
|
I, Bayrak
|
|
O, Erturhan
|
|
S, Demirbag
|
|
A. Treatment alternatives for urinary system stone disease in preschool aged children: results of 616 cases. Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2015; 11(1):34.e1–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25697981" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25697981</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>196.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref196">Sener
|
|
NC, Bas
|
|
O, Sener
|
|
E, Zengin
|
|
K, Ozturk
|
|
U, Altunkol
|
|
A
|
|
et al. Asymptomatic lower pole small renal stones: shock wave lithotripsy, flexible ureteroscopy, or observation? A prospective randomized trial. Urology. 2015; 85(1):33–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25440816" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25440816</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>197.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref197">Sener
|
|
NC, Imamoglu
|
|
MA, Bas
|
|
O, Ozturk
|
|
U, Goktug
|
|
HN, Tuygun
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and flexible ureterorenoscopy for lower pole stones smaller than 1 cm. Urolithiasis. 2014; 42(2):127–31 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24220692" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24220692</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>198.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref198">Shao
|
|
Y, Wang
|
|
DW, Lu
|
|
GL, Shen
|
|
ZJ. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy in comparison with ureteroscopic lithotripsy in the management of impacted upper ureteral stones larger than 12 mm. World Journal of Urology. 2017; 33(11):1841–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25822707" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25822707</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>199.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref199">Sharaf
|
|
A, Amer
|
|
T, Somani
|
|
BK, Aboumarzouk
|
|
OM. Ureteroscopy in patients with bleeding diatheses, anticoagulated, and on anti-platelet agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Journal of Endourology. 2017; 31(12):1217–25 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29048211" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29048211</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>200.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref200">Shokeir
|
|
AA, Sheir
|
|
KZ, El-Nahas
|
|
AR, El-Assmy
|
|
AM, Eassa
|
|
W, El-Kappany
|
|
HA. Treatment of renal stones in children: a comparison between percutaneous nephrolithotomy and shock wave lithotripsy. Journal of Urology. 2006; 176(2):706–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16813924" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16813924</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>201.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref201">Shoma
|
|
AM, Elshal
|
|
AM. Nephrostomy tube placement after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: critical evaluation through a prospective randomized study. Urology. 2012; 79(4):771–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22130359" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22130359</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>202.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref202">Silay
|
|
MS, Tepeler
|
|
A, Atis
|
|
G, Sancaktutar
|
|
AA, Piskin
|
|
M, Gurbuz
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Initial report of microperc in the treatment of pediatric nephrolithiasis. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2013; 48(7):1578–83 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23895975" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23895975</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>203.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref203">Singh
|
|
BP, Prakash
|
|
J, Sankhwar
|
|
SN, Dhakad
|
|
U, Sankhwar
|
|
PL, Goel
|
|
A
|
|
et al. Retrograde intrarenal surgery vs extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for intermediate size inferior pole calculi: a prospective assessment of objective and subjective outcomes. Urology. 2014; 83(5):1016–22 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24560970" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24560970</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>204.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref204">Singh
|
|
V, Sinha
|
|
RJ, Gupta
|
|
DK, Pandey
|
|
M. Prospective randomized comparison of retroperitoneoscopic pyelolithotomy versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy for solitary large pelvic kidney stones. Urologia Internationalis. 2014; 92(4):392–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24135482" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24135482</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>205.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref205">Sio
|
|
M, Autorino
|
|
R, Quarto
|
|
G, Calabrò
|
|
F, Damiano
|
|
R, Giugliano
|
|
F
|
|
et al. Modified supine versus prone position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones treatable with a single percutaneous access: a prospective randomized trial. European Urology. 2008; 54(1):196–202 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18262711" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18262711</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>206.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref206">Sofer
|
|
M, Tavdi
|
|
E, Levi
|
|
O, Mintz
|
|
I, Bar-Yosef
|
|
Y, Sidi
|
|
A
|
|
et al. Implementation of supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a novel position for an old operation. Central European Journal of Urology. 2017; 70(1):60–5 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5407342/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5407342</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28461990" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28461990</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>207.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref207">Sofikerim
|
|
M, Demirci
|
|
D, Huri
|
|
E, Ersekerci
|
|
E, Karacagil
|
|
M. Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: safe even in supracostal access. Journal of Endourology. 2007; 21(9):967–72 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17941770" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17941770</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>208.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref208">Song
|
|
G, Guo
|
|
X, Niu
|
|
G, Wang
|
|
Y. Advantages of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of preschool children under 3 years old. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2015; 50(4):655–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25840082" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25840082</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>209.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref209">Srisubat
|
|
A, Potisat
|
|
S, Lojanapiwat
|
|
B, Setthawong
|
|
V, Laopaiboon
|
|
M. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for kidney stones. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
|
2014, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD007044. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007044.pub3. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25418417" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25418417</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007044.pub3" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>210.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref210">Tan
|
|
MO, Karaoglan
|
|
U, Sozen
|
|
S, Biri
|
|
H, Deniz
|
|
N, Bozkirli
|
|
I. Minimally invasive treatment of ureteral calculi in children. Urological Research. 2006; 34(6):381–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17091269" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17091269</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>211.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref211">Tavakkoli Tabasi
|
|
K, Baghban Haghighi
|
|
M. Ureteroscopic and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for rather large renal pelvis calculi. Urology Journal. 2007; 4(4):221–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18270946" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18270946</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>212.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref212">Tefekli
|
|
A, Altunrende
|
|
F, Tepeler
|
|
K, Tas
|
|
A, Aydin
|
|
S, Muslumanoglu
|
|
AY. Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in selected patients: a prospective randomized comparison. International Urology and Nephrology. 2007; 39(1):57–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17171416" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17171416</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>213.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref213">Tepeler
|
|
A, Akman
|
|
T, Silay
|
|
MS, Akcay
|
|
M, Ersoz
|
|
C, Kalkan
|
|
S
|
|
et al. Comparison of intrarenal pelvic pressure during micro-percutaneous nephrolithotomy and conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Urolithiasis. 2014; 42(3):275–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24522489" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24522489</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>214.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref214">Tiselius
|
|
HG. Prospective, randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for lower pole caliceal calculi 1 cm or smaller. European Urology. 2006; 49(3):586–7</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>215.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref215">Tok
|
|
A, Akbulut
|
|
F, Buldu
|
|
I, Karatag
|
|
T, Kucuktopcu
|
|
O, Gurbuz
|
|
G
|
|
et al. Comparison of microperc and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy for medium-sized lower calyx stones. Urolithiasis. 2016; 44(2):155–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26194110" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26194110</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>216.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref216">Torricelli
|
|
FC, Monga
|
|
M, Marchini
|
|
GS, Srougi
|
|
M, Nahas
|
|
WC, Mazzucchi
|
|
E. Semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy versus laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for large upper ureteral stones: a meta - analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Brazilian Journal of Urology. 2016; 42(4):645–54 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5006758/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5006758</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27564273" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27564273</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>217.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref217">Tugcu
|
|
V, Resorlu
|
|
B, Sahin
|
|
S, Atar
|
|
A, Kocakaya
|
|
R, Eksi
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Flexible ureteroscopy versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for the treatment of proximal ureteral stones >15 mm: a single surgeon experience. Urologia Internationalis. 2016; 96(1):77–82 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25999091" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25999091</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>218.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref218">Uguz
|
|
S, Senkul
|
|
T, Soydan
|
|
H, Ates
|
|
F, Akyol
|
|
I, Malkoc
|
|
E
|
|
et al. Immediate or delayed SWL in ureteric stones: a prospective and randomized study. Urological Research. 2012; 40(6):739–44 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22763796" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22763796</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>219.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref219">Verze
|
|
P, Imbimbo
|
|
C, Cancelmo
|
|
G, Creta
|
|
M, Palmieri
|
|
A, Mangiapia
|
|
F
|
|
et al. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy vs ureteroscopy as first-line therapy for patients with single, distal ureteric stones: a prospective randomized study. BJU International. 2010; 106(11):1748–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20346030" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20346030</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>220.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref220">Vilches
|
|
RM, Aliaga
|
|
A, Reyes
|
|
D, Sepulveda
|
|
F, Mercado
|
|
A, Moya
|
|
F
|
|
et al. Comparison between retrograde intrarenal surgery and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of lower pole kidney stones up to 15 mm. Prospective, randomized study. Actas Urologicas Espanolas. 2017; 39(4):236–42 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25435403" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25435403</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>221.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref221">Wadhwa
|
|
P, Aron
|
|
M, Bal
|
|
CS, Dhanpatty
|
|
B, Gupta
|
|
NP. Critical prospective appraisal of renal morphology and function in children undergoing shockwave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Journal of Endourology. 2007; 21(9):961–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17941769" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17941769</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>222.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref222">Wang
|
|
CJ, Hsu
|
|
CS, Chen
|
|
HW, Chang
|
|
CH, Tsai
|
|
PC. Percutaneous nephrostomy versus ureteroscopic management of sepsis associated with ureteral stone impaction: a randomized controlled trial. Urolithiasis. 2016; 44(5):415–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26662171" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26662171</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>223.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref223">Wang
|
|
RC, Smith-Bindman
|
|
R, Whitaker
|
|
E, Neilson
|
|
J, Allen
|
|
IE, Stoller
|
|
ML
|
|
et al. Effect of tamsulosin on stone passage for ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2017; 69(3):353–61.e3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27616037" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27616037</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>224.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref224">Wang
|
|
Y, Wang
|
|
Y, Yao
|
|
Y, Xu
|
|
N, Zhang
|
|
H, Chen
|
|
Q
|
|
et al. Prone versus modified supine position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective randomized study. International Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013; 10(11):1518–23 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3775109/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3775109</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24046526" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24046526</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>225.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref225">Wang
|
|
Y, Zhong
|
|
B, Yang
|
|
X, Wang
|
|
G, Hou
|
|
P, Meng
|
|
J. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of URSL, RPLU, and MPCNL for treatment of large upper impacted ureteral stones: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Urology. 2017; 17(1):50 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5492714/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5492714</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28662708" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28662708</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>226.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref226">Wankhade
|
|
NH, Gadekar
|
|
J, Shinde
|
|
BB, Anand Tatte
|
|
J. Comparative study of lithotripsy and PCNL for 11-15 mm lower caliceal calculi in community health hospital. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014; 8(6):HC12–14 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4129250/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4129250</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25121001" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25121001</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>227.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref227">Wazir
|
|
BG, Orakzai
|
|
AN, Nawaz
|
|
A. Treatment of distal ureteric stones-comparative efficacy of transureteral pneumatic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad. 2015; 27(1):140–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26182760" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26182760</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>228.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref228">Weiland
|
|
D, Pedro
|
|
RN, Anderson
|
|
JK, Best
|
|
SL, Lee
|
|
C, Hendlin
|
|
K
|
|
et al. Randomized prospective evaluation of nephrostomy tube configuration: impact on post-operative pain. International Brazilian Journal of Urology. 2007; 33(3):313–8; discussion 319–22 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17626647" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17626647</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>229.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref229">Wen
|
|
J, Xu
|
|
G, Du
|
|
C, Wang
|
|
B. Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery with flexible ureteroscope for partial staghorn calculi: a randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Surgery. 2017; 28:22–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26898135" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26898135</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>230.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref230">Wu
|
|
CF, Chen
|
|
CS, Lin
|
|
WY, Shee
|
|
JJ, Lin
|
|
CL, Chen
|
|
Y
|
|
et al. Therapeutic options for proximal ureter stone: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus semirigid ureterorenoscope with holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy. Urology. 2005; 65(6):1075–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15893812" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15893812</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>231.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref231">Wu
|
|
CF, Shee
|
|
JJ, Lin
|
|
WY, Lin
|
|
CL, Chen
|
|
CS. Comparison between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and semirigid ureterorenoscope with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for treating large proximal ureteral stones. Journal of Urology. 2004; 172(5 Pt 1):1899–902 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15540749" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15540749</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>232.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref232">Wu
|
|
T, Duan
|
|
X, Chen
|
|
S, Yang
|
|
X, Tang
|
|
T, Cui
|
|
S. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy versus laparoscopic ureterolithotomy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of large proximal ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urologia Internationalis. 2017; 99(3):308–19 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28586770" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28586770</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>233.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref233">Xu
|
|
G, Wen
|
|
J, Li
|
|
Z, Zhang
|
|
Z, Gong
|
|
X, Chen
|
|
J
|
|
et al. A comparative study to analyze the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy for residual calculi after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2015; 8(3):4501–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4443209/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4443209</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26064375" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26064375</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>234.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref234">Xu
|
|
Y, Lu
|
|
Y, Li
|
|
J, Luo
|
|
S, Liu
|
|
Y, Jia
|
|
Z
|
|
et al. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on ureteral calculi. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. 2014; 29(5):346–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24863324" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24863324</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>235.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref235">Xue
|
|
ZY. [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy for ureteral stones: A comparative study]. Chinese Journal of Surgery. 1991; 29(4):235–7; 271 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1874112" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1874112</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>236.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref236">Yang
|
|
C, Li
|
|
S, Cui
|
|
Y. Comparison of YAG laser lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in treatment of ureteral calculi: a meta-analysis. Urologia Internationalis. 2016; 98(4):373–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27798945" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27798945</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>237.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref237">Yang
|
|
Z, Song
|
|
L, Xie
|
|
D, Hu
|
|
M, Peng
|
|
Z, Liu
|
|
T
|
|
et al. Comparative study of outcome in treating upper ureteral impacted stones using minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy with aid of patented system or transurethral ureteroscopy. Urology. 2012; 80(6):1192–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23206762" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23206762</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>238.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref238">Yapanoglu
|
|
T, Aydin
|
|
HR, Aksoy
|
|
Y, Ozbey
|
|
I. Ureteroscopic management of distal ureteral stones in children: holmium:YAG laser vs. pneumatic lithotripsy. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2009; 39(4):623–8</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>239.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref239">Yu
|
|
Z, Tang
|
|
W, Yu
|
|
K, Cao
|
|
J, Dai
|
|
H. Comparison between nephroscopy and ureteroscopy for the treatment of concurrent infection of ureteral calculi. Biomedical Research. 2017; 28(19):8464–7</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>240.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref240">Yun
|
|
SI, Lee
|
|
YH, Kim
|
|
JS, Cho
|
|
SR, Kim
|
|
BS, Kwon
|
|
JB. Comparative study between standard and totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Korean Journal of Urology. 2012; 53(11):785–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3502738/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3502738</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185671" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23185671</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>241.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref241">Yuruk
|
|
E, Binbay
|
|
M, Sari
|
|
E, Akman
|
|
T, Altinyay
|
|
E, Baykal
|
|
M
|
|
et al. A prospective, randomized trial of management for asymptomatic lower pole calculi. Journal of Urology. 2010; 183(4):1424–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20172565" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20172565</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>242.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref242">Zeng
|
|
G, Jia
|
|
J, Wu
|
|
W, Zhao
|
|
Z, Zhong
|
|
W. Treatment of renal stones in infants: Comparing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Urological Research. 2012; 40(5):599–603 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22580634" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22580634</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>243.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref243">Zeng
|
|
G, Zhu
|
|
W, Liu
|
|
Y, Fan
|
|
J, Lam
|
|
W, Lan
|
|
Y
|
|
et al. Prospective comparative study of the efficacy and safety of new-generation versus first-generation system for super-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a revolutionary approach to improve endoscopic vision and stone removal. Journal of Endourology. 2017; 31(11):1157–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28895477" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28895477</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>244.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref244">Zeng
|
|
GQ, Zhong
|
|
WD, Cai
|
|
YB, Dai
|
|
QS, Hu
|
|
JB, Wei
|
|
HA. Extracorporeal shock-wave versus pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy in treatment of lower ureteral calculi. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2002; 4(4):303–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12508134" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12508134</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>245.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref245">Zhang
|
|
J, Shi
|
|
Q, Wang
|
|
GZ, Wang
|
|
F, Jiang
|
|
N. Cost-effectiveness analysis of ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy and shock wave lithotripsy in the management of ureteral calculi in eastern China. Urologia Internationalis. 2011; 86(4):470–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21597268" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21597268</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>246.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref246">Zhang
|
|
MY, Ding
|
|
ST, Lü
|
|
JJ, Lue
|
|
YH, Zhang
|
|
H, Xia
|
|
QH. Comparison of tamsulosin with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in treating distal ureteral stones. Chinese Medical Journal. 2009; 122(7):798–801 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19493392" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19493392</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>247.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref247">Zhang
|
|
W, Zhou
|
|
T, Wu
|
|
T, Gao
|
|
X, Peng
|
|
Y, Xu
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Retrograde intrarenal surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for treatment of lower pole renal stones: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Journal of Endourology. 2015; 29(7):745–59 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25531986" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25531986</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>248.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref248">Zhang
|
|
Y, Yu
|
|
CF, Jin
|
|
SH, Zhu
|
|
H, Na
|
|
YQ. A prospective comparative study between minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in supine position and flexible ureteroscopy in the management of single large stone in the proximal ureter. Urology. 2014; 83(5):999–1002 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24507896" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24507896</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>249.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref249">Zhao
|
|
C, Yang
|
|
H, Tang
|
|
K, Xia
|
|
D, Xu
|
|
H, Chen
|
|
Z
|
|
et al. Comparison of laparoscopic stone surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of large upper urinary stones: a meta-analysis. Urolithiasis. 2016; 44(6):479–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26936378" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26936378</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>250.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref250">Zheng
|
|
C, Xiong
|
|
B, Wang
|
|
H, Luo
|
|
J, Zhang
|
|
C, Wei
|
|
W
|
|
et al. Retrograde intrarenal surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of renal stones >2 cm: a meta-analysis. Urologia Internationalis. 2014; 93(4):417–24 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25170589" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25170589</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>251.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref251">Zheng
|
|
C, Yang
|
|
H, Luo
|
|
J, Xiong
|
|
B, Wang
|
|
H, Jiang
|
|
Q. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for treatment for renal stones 1-2 cm: a meta-analysis. Urolithiasis. 2015; 43(6):549–56 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26211003" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26211003</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>252.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.ref252">Zhong
|
|
W, Zhao
|
|
Z, Wang
|
|
L, Swami
|
|
S, Zeng
|
|
G. Percutaneous-based management of Staghorn calculi in solitary kidney: combined mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery. Urologia Internationalis. 2015; 94(1):70–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25034200" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25034200</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixes.appgroup6"><h2 id="_appendixes_appgroup6_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch6.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="ch6.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 32. Review protocol: What are the most clinically and cost-effective surgical treatment options for people with renal or ureteric stones?</a></p><p id="ch6.appa.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appatab2" class="figpopup">Table 33. Health economic review protocol</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014, updated 2017 <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869</a></p><p><i>For more detailed information, please see the Methodology Review</i>. [Add cross reference]</p><div id="ch6.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the search where appropriate.</p><p id="ch6.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab1" class="figpopup">Table 34. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch6.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab2" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch6.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab3" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch6.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab4" class="figpopup">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to renal and ureteric stones population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional searches were run on Medline and Embase for health economics and quality of life studies.</p><p id="ch6.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab5" class="figpopup">Table 35. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch6.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab6" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch6.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab7" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch6.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab8" class="figpopup">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="ch6.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of What are the most clinically and cost effective surgical treatment options for people with renal or ureteric stones?</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p id="ch6.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (2.6M)</span></p></div><div id="ch6.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch6.appe.s1"><h4>E.1. Between surgery comparisons</h4><div id="ch6.appe.s1.1"><h5>E.1.1. Adult, Ureteric, <10mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.1.1"><h5>E.1.1.1. SWL versus URS</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Stone free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 4. Ancillary procedures</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 5. Readmission to hospital</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 6. Length of hospital stay (days)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 7. Pain (VAS, 0-10; 4 weeks)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig7" class="figpopup">Figure 8. Quality of Life (EQ-5D mean index, 0-1; EQ-5D VAS, 0-100; 4 weeks)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig8" class="figpopup">Figure 9. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig9" class="figpopup">Figure 10. Minor adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig10" class="figpopup">Figure 11. Failed technology</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.1.2"><h5>E.1.1.2. Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig11"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig11" class="figpopup">Figure 12. Stone free state</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.2"><h5>E.1.2. Adult, ureteric, 10-20mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.2.1"><h5>E.1.2.1. SWL versus URS</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig12"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig12" class="figpopup">Figure 13. Stone free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig13"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig13" class="figpopup">Figure 14. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig14"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig14" class="figpopup">Figure 15. Ancillary procedures</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig15"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig15" class="figpopup">Figure 16. Readmission to hospital</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig16"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig16" class="figpopup">Figure 17. Length of hospital stay (hours)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig17"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig17" class="figpopup">Figure 18. Pain (VAS, 0-10)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig18"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig18" class="figpopup">Figure 19. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig19"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig19" class="figpopup">Figure 20. Minor adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig20"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig20" class="figpopup">Figure 21. Failed technology</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.3"><h5>E.1.3. URS versus PCNL</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig21"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig21" class="figpopup">Figure 22. Stone free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig22"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig22" class="figpopup">Figure 23. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig23"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig23" class="figpopup">Figure 24. Ancillary procedure</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig24"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig24" class="figpopup">Figure 25. Length of hospital stay (days)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig25"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig25" class="figpopup">Figure 26. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig26"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig26" class="figpopup">Figure 27. Minor adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.4"><h5>E.1.4. Children, ureteric, <10mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.4.1"><h5>E.1.4.1. SWL versus URS</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig27"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig27" class="figpopup">Figure 28. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig28"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig28" class="figpopup">Figure 29. Retreatment rate</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig29"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig29" class="figpopup">Figure 30. Ancillary procedures</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.5"><h5>E.1.5. Adult, renal, <10mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.5.1"><h5>E.1.5.1. SWL versus URS</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig30"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig30" class="figpopup">Figure 31. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig31"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig31" class="figpopup">Figure 32. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig32"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig32" class="figpopup">Figure 33. Ancillary procedures</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig33"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig33/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig33" class="figpopup">Figure 34. Readmission</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig34"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig34/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig34" class="figpopup">Figure 35. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig35"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig35/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig35" class="figpopup">Figure 36. Minor adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig36"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig36/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig36" class="figpopup">Figure 37. Failed technology</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.5.2"><h5>E.1.5.2. SWL versus PCNL</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig37"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig37/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig37" class="figpopup">Figure 38. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig38"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig38/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig38" class="figpopup">Figure 39. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig39"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig39/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig39" class="figpopup">Figure 40. Ancillary procedures</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.5.3"><h5>E.1.5.3. Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig40"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig40/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig40" class="figpopup">Figure 41. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig41"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig41/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig41" class="figpopup">Figure 42. Ancillary procedures</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.6"><h5>E.1.6. Adult, renal, 10-20mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.6.1"><h5>E.1.6.1. SWL versus URS</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig42"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig42/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig42" class="figpopup">Figure 43. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig43"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig43/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig43" class="figpopup">Figure 44. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig44"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig44/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig44" class="figpopup">Figure 45. Ancillary procedures</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig45"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig45/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig45" class="figpopup">Figure 46. Length of hospital stay (hours)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig46"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig46/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig46" class="figpopup">Figure 47. Pain (VAS, 0-10; 1 day)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig47"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig47/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig47" class="figpopup">Figure 48. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig48"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig48/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig48" class="figpopup">Figure 49. Minor adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.6.2"><h5>E.1.6.2. SWL versus PCNL</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig49"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig49/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig49" class="figpopup">Figure 50. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig50"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig50/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig50" class="figpopup">Figure 51. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig51"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig51/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig51" class="figpopup">Figure 52. Ancillary procedures</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig52"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig52/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig52" class="figpopup">Figure 53. Length of hospital stay</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig53"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig53/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig53" class="figpopup">Figure 54. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig54"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig54/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig54" class="figpopup">Figure 55. Minor adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig55"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig55/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig55" class="figpopup">Figure 56. Quality of life (SF-36; 3 months)</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.6.3"><h5>E.1.6.3. URS versus PCNL</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig56"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig56/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig56" class="figpopup">Figure 57. Stone free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig57"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig57/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig57" class="figpopup">Figure 58. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig58"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig58/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig58" class="figpopup">Figure 59. Recurrence</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig59"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig59/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig59" class="figpopup">Figure 60. Ancillary procedure</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig60"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig60/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig60" class="figpopup">Figure 61. Length of hospital stay (days)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig61"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig61/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig61" class="figpopup">Figure 62. Pain (VAS, 1-10; 6 hours post-operatively)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig62"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig62/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig62" class="figpopup">Figure 63. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig63"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig63/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig63" class="figpopup">Figure 64. Minor adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.6.4"><h5>E.1.6.4. Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig64"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig64/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig64" class="figpopup">Figure 65. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig65"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig65/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig65" class="figpopup">Figure 66. Ancillary procedures</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.7"><h5>E.1.7. Adult, renal, >20mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.7.1"><h5>E.1.7.1. SWL versus PCNL</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig66"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig66/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig66" class="figpopup">Figure 67. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig67"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig67/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig67" class="figpopup">Figure 68. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig68"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig68/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig68" class="figpopup">Figure 69. Ancillary procedures</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.7.2"><h5>E.1.7.2. URS versus PCNL</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig69"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig69/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig69" class="figpopup">Figure 70. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig70"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig70/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig70" class="figpopup">Figure 71. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig71"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig71/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig71" class="figpopup">Figure 72. Ancillary procedure</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig72"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig72/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig72" class="figpopup">Figure 73. Length of hospital stay (days)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig73"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig73/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig73" class="figpopup">Figure 74. Pain (VAS; 1 day)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig74"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig74/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig74" class="figpopup">Figure 75. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig75"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig75/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig75" class="figpopup">Figure 76. Minor adverse events</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.8"><h5>E.1.8. Children, renal 10-20mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.8.1"><h5>E.1.8.1. SWL versus URS</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig76"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig76/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig76" class="figpopup">Figure 77. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig77"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig77/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig77" class="figpopup">Figure 78. Residual stones – after 1 session (significant residual stone >3mm)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig78"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig78/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig78" class="figpopup">Figure 79. Residual stones – after 1 session (insignificant residual stone <3mm)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig79"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig79/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig79" class="figpopup">Figure 80. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig80"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig80/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig80" class="figpopup">Figure 81. Length of hospital stay (hours)</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.8.2"><h5>E.1.8.2. SWL versus PCNL</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig81"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig81/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig81" class="figpopup">Figure 82. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig82"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig82/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig82" class="figpopup">Figure 83. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig83"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig83/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig83" class="figpopup">Figure 84. Ancillary procedures</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig84"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig84/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig84" class="figpopup">Figure 85. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig85"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig85/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig85" class="figpopup">Figure 86. Minor adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.8.3"><h5>E.1.8.3. URS vs PCNL (non-randomised studies)</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig86"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig86/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig86" class="figpopup">Figure 87. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig87"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig87/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig87" class="figpopup">Figure 88. Length of stay</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig88"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig88/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig88" class="figpopup">Figure 89. Minor adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig89"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig89/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig89" class="figpopup">Figure 90. Major adverse events</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.9"><h5>E.1.9. Children, renal, >20mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.9.1"><h5>E.1.9.1. URS versus PCNL</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig90"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig90/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig90" class="figpopup">Figure 91. Stone free state (by renal unit)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig91"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig91/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig91" class="figpopup">Figure 92. Retreatment (by renal unit)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig92"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig92/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig92" class="figpopup">Figure 93. Length of hospital stay (days) (by renal unit)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig93"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig93/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig93" class="figpopup">Figure 94. Minor adverse events (by renal unit)</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.9.2"><h5>E.1.9.2. SWL vs PCNL (non-randomised studies)</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig94"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig94/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig94" class="figpopup">Figure 95. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig95"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig95/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig95" class="figpopup">Figure 96. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig96"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig96/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig96" class="figpopup">Figure 97. Length of stay (days)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig97"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig97/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig97" class="figpopup">Figure 98. Minor adverse events</a></p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2"><h4>E.2. Within surgery comparisons</h4><div id="ch6.appe.s2.1"><h5>E.2.1. Adult, renal, 10-20mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.1.1"><h5>E.2.1.1. PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig98"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig98/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig98" class="figpopup">Figure 99. Stone free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig99"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig99/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig99" class="figpopup">Figure 100. Length of hospital stay (days)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2"><h5>E.2.2. Adult, renal, >20mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.1"><h5>E.2.2.1. PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig100"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig100/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig100" class="figpopup">Figure 101. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig101"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig101/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig101" class="figpopup">Figure 102. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig102"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig102/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig102" class="figpopup">Figure 103. Ancillary procedures</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig103"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig103/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig103" class="figpopup">Figure 104. Length of hospital stay (days)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig104"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig104/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig104" class="figpopup">Figure 105. Pain (1-2 days)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig105"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig105/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig105" class="figpopup">Figure 106. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig106"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig106/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig106" class="figpopup">Figure 107. Minor adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.2"><h5>E.2.2.2. PCNL: Supine versus prone</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig107"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig107/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig107" class="figpopup">Figure 108. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig108"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig108/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig108" class="figpopup">Figure 109. Recurrence</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig109"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig109/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig109" class="figpopup">Figure 110. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig110"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig110/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig110" class="figpopup">Figure 111. Ancillary procedures</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig111"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig111/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig111" class="figpopup">Figure 112. Length of hospital stay (hours)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig112"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig112/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig112" class="figpopup">Figure 113. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig113"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig113/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig113" class="figpopup">Figure 114. Minor adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.3"><h5>E.2.2.3. PCNL: Mini versus standard</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig114"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig114/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig114" class="figpopup">Figure 115. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig115"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig115/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig115" class="figpopup">Figure 116. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig116"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig116/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig116" class="figpopup">Figure 117. Ancillary procedues</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig117"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig117/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig117" class="figpopup">Figure 118. Length of hospital stay (days)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig118"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig118/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig118" class="figpopup">Figure 119. Pain (1 day)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig119"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig119/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig119" class="figpopup">Figure 120. Major adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig120"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig120/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig120" class="figpopup">Figure 121. Minor adverse events</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.3"><h5>E.2.3. Children, renal, >20mm</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.3.1"><h5>E.2.3.1. PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig121"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig121/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig121" class="figpopup">Figure 122. Stone-free state</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig122"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig122/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig122" class="figpopup">Figure 123. Retreatment</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig123"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig123/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig123" class="figpopup">Figure 124. Ancillary procedures</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig124"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig124/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig124" class="figpopup">Figure 125. Length of hospital stay</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig125"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appe.fig125/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig125" class="figpopup">Figure 126. Minor adverse events</a></p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="ch6.appf.s1"><h4>F.1. Between surgery comparisons</h4><div id="ch6.appf.s1.1"><h5>F.1.1. Adults, ureteric, <10mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 36. Clinical evidence profile: SWL versus URS/</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab2" class="figpopup">Table 37. Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.2"><h5>F.1.2. Adults, ureteric, 10-20mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab3" class="figpopup">Table 38. SWL versus URS</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab4" class="figpopup">Table 39. URS versus PCNL</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.3"><h5>F.1.3. Children, ureteric, <10mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab5" class="figpopup">Table 40. SWL versus URS</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.4"><h5>F.1.4. Adults, renal, <10mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab6" class="figpopup">Table 41. SWL versus URS</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab7" class="figpopup">Table 42. SWL versus PCNL</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab8" class="figpopup">Table 43. Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.5"><h5>F.1.5. Adults, renal, 10-20mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab9" class="figpopup">Table 44. SWL versus URS</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab10" class="figpopup">Table 45. SWL versus PCNL</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab11" class="figpopup">Table 46. URS versus PCNL</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab12" class="figpopup">Table 47. Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.6"><h5>F.1.6. Adults, renal, >20mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab13" class="figpopup">Table 48. SWL versus PCNL</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab14" class="figpopup">Table 49. URS versus PCNL</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.7"><h5>F.1.7. Children, renal, 10-20mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab15" class="figpopup">Table 50. SWL versus URS</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab16" class="figpopup">Table 51. SWL versus PCNL</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab17" class="figpopup">Table 52. URS versus PCNL (non-randomised studies)</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.8"><h5>F.1.8. Children, renal, >20mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab18"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab18" class="figpopup">Table 53. URS versus PCNL</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab19"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab19" class="figpopup">Table 54. SWL versus PCNL (non-randomised studies)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2"><h4>F.2. Within surgery comparisons</h4><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1"><h5>F.2.1. Adult, renal, 10-20mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab20"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab20" class="figpopup">Table 55. PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.2"><h5>F.2.2. Adult, renal, >20mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab21"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab21" class="figpopup">Table 56. PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab22"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab22" class="figpopup">Table 57. PCNL: Supine versus prone</a></p><p id="ch6.appf.tab23"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab23" class="figpopup">Table 58. PCNL: Mini versus standard</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.3"><h5>F.2.3. Children, renal, >20mm</h5><p id="ch6.appf.tab24"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab24" class="figpopup">Table 59. PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</a></p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="ch6.appg.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK577652/figure/ch6.appg.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appgfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 127. Flow chart of economic study selection for the guideline</a></p></div><div id="ch6.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p>None</p></div><div id="ch6.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch6.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><p id="ch6.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appitab1" class="figpopup">Table 60. Studies excluded from the clinical review</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p id="ch6.appi.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appitab2" class="figpopup">Table 61. Studies excluded from the health economic review</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review (F)</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK577652</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35133761" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">35133761</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab1"><div id="ch6.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People (adults, children and young people) with symptomatic and asymptomatic renal or ureteric stones</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l1"><li id="ch6.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ureteroscopy (URS) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compared to:
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l2"><li id="ch6.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>Each other (even within the same intervention)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-surgical treatment/conservative treatment</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l3"><li id="ch6.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stone free state (stone free, insignificant residual fragment)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrence</div></li><li id="ch6.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use of healthcare services (length of stay, readmission, retreatment or ancillary procedure)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kidney function</div></li><li id="ch6.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life (any validated scale)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Major adverse events (infective complications [sepsis, obstructive pyelonephritis], ureteric injury [ureteral damage, ureteral perforation, ureteral stricture], mortality)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>Minor adverse events (infective complications [UTI, fever, infection], ureteric injury [extravasation, submucosal dissection], haemorrhage [any bleeding, transfusion])</div></li><li id="ch6.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>Failed technology (failed access, inaccessible stone, stone not seen/reached)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Important outcomes:
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l4"><li id="ch6.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain (visual analogue scale)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews of RCTs.</p>
|
|
<p>If no RCT evidence is available, search for non-randomised studies for children</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Key confounders</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l5"><li id="ch6.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Age</div></li><li id="ch6.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stone site</div></li><li id="ch6.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stone size</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab2"><div id="ch6.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SWL versus URS</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">De Dominicis 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref50" rid="ch6.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=14): SWL performed under general anaesthesia in the prone position using 1900-3500 shocks at 330-694KJ</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=17): URS (ureteroscopy plus intracorporeal lithotripsy) performed under general anaesthesia in the lithotomy position</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=31</p>
|
|
<p>Children with radio-opaque calculi in the lower ureter</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (range): SWL group 6.9 (5-9); URS group 7.6 (6-10)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age (range): SWL group 6.9 (2.517); URS group 8.1 (2-14)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 0.48:1</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (6-8 months): defined as the radiographic evidence of fragmentation or complete disappearance of the stone</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (6-8 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (6-8 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (hours): not suitable for meta-analysis</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state is reported after one treatment before retreatments or ancillary procedures</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hendrikx 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref88" rid="ch6.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=69): SWL</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=87): URS (ureteroscopy) with semirigid ureterorenoscopes, performed in combination with pulsed-dye laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=156</p>
|
|
<p>People with extended-mid or lower ureteral stones ≥5mm or <5mm</p>
|
|
<p>Age >18 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 125:31</p>
|
|
<p>The Netherlands</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (12 weeks): stone fragments <5mm</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): perforation/ureteral damage</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (bleeding) (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Failed technology (time-point not reported): stone not seen/reached</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in the <10mm strata, but note that 16% of stones were >11mm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imran 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref91" rid="ch6.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=16): SWL. No further details</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=14): URS performed using 8.9 FR ureteroscope</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=30</p>
|
|
<p>People with proximal ureteral stones sized 10mm or larger</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 16 (3.9); URS group 20.5 (3.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age (SD): SWL group 34.1 (9.1); URS group 33 (9.5)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 16:14</p>
|
|
<p>Pakistan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone-free state (4 weeks): not defined</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (4 weeks)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (4 weeks)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (hours)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (4 weeks)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain: post-operative pain on visual scale</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in 10-20mm strata, but not that some stones were >20mm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Islam 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref94" rid="ch6.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=68): SWL in the prone position. Level of shockwave energy was progressively stepped up</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=68): URS (ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy) using semirigid ureteroscope and Lithoclast</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=136</p>
|
|
<p>People with lower ureteric stones <25mm, not passed spontaneously within 3 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 12.8 (3.7); URS group 12.82 (3.5)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >18</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.4:1</p>
|
|
<p>Pakistan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): not defined</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedure (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteric perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): infection, UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Javanmard 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref99" rid="ch6.ref99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=25): SWL using a maximum of 3000 shocks at 80 shocks per minute</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=21): RIRS/ URS (flexible ureterorenoscopy) performed in lithotomy position</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=46</p>
|
|
<p>People with renal pelvic stones 10-20mm and BMI>30</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 16.3 (2.4); URS group 17.1 (1.9)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 36.1 (13.1); URS/RIRS group 33.2 (11.4)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 28:18</p>
|
|
<p>Iran</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as no residual fragments ≥3mm as determined by abdominal CT</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (3 months): fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Javanmard 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref98" rid="ch6.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=60): SWL using Dornier HM3 Lithotripter, in the supine position. The therapeutic power started at 15kV and increased o 20kV, using a maximum of 3000 shocks at 60-90 shocks per minute</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=60): RIRS performed in lithotomy position</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=120</p>
|
|
<p>People with renal stones 6-20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 16.4 (3.3); RIRS group 16.8 (2.1)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 31.3 (6.5), RIRS group 32.4 (7.8)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.7:1</p>
|
|
<p>Mean number of procedures (SD): SWL group 1.6 (0.3); RIRS group 1.2 (0.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Iran</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as no residual fragments ≥3mm as determined by abdominal CT</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (hours)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (VAS) (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state is reported following retreatments</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar 2015A<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref131" rid="ch6.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=94): SWL as an outpatient procedure using the Dornier Compact Delta, with a maximum of 3000 shock waves per session at 100 impulses a minute. Maximum of 4 sessions.</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=96): URS performed using semirigid ureteroscope and holmium laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=190</p>
|
|
<p>People with a single upper ureteral radiopaque calculus <20mm (grouped into ≤10mm and 10-20mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): ≤10mm subgroup – SWL group 7.9 (1.1), URS group 7.7 (1.3); 10-20mm subgroup – SWL group 15.2 (1.3), URS group 15.3 (1.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >15 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1:1</p>
|
|
<p>India</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as radiological absence of stone, asymptomatic patients with stone fragment less than 3mm and sterile urine culture at 3 months or earlier</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state is recorded after initial treatment only, and does not include after ancillary procedures</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar 2015B<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref132" rid="ch6.ref132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=97): SWL as an outpatient procedure using the Dornier Compact Delta, with a maximum of 3000 shock waves per session at 100 impulses a minute. Maximum of 4 sessions.</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=98): RIRS performed using a flexible ureteroscope and holmium laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=195</p>
|
|
<p>People with a single lower caliceal radiopaque calculus ≤20mm (grouped into ≤10mm and 10-20mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): ≤10mm subgroup – SWL group 7.9 (1.1), URS group 7.7 (1.3); 10-20mm subgroup – SWL group 15.2 (1.3), URS group 15.2 (1.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >15 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1:1</p>
|
|
<p>India</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as radiological absence of stone, asymptomatic patients with stone fragment less than 3mm and sterile urine culture at 3 months or earlier</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteral perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): UTI, ureteral extravasation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar 2015C<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref128" rid="ch6.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=52): SWL as an outpatient procedure using the Alpha Compact electromagnetic lithotripter (Dornier), with a maximum of 2500 shocks per session at 90 pulses per minute. Maximum of 4 sessions</p>
|
|
<p>Intervention 2 (n=53): RIRS using flexible ureteroscope and holmium laser for intracoporeal lithotripsy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=105</p>
|
|
<p>People with single lower calyceal radiolucent renal stone 10-20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 13.2 (1.2), RIRS group 13.1 (1.1)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >15 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 0.9:1</p>
|
|
<p>India</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as residual calculus less than 4mm</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedure (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events(time-point not reported): UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref141" rid="ch6.ref141"><sup>141</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=22): SWL with 3000 shock wave pulses</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=20): URS (ureteroscopic lithotripsy) performed in standard fashion and using a lithoclast, electrohydraulic or ultrasound lithotripter</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=42</p>
|
|
<p>People with solitary radiopaque upper ureteral stones ≥15mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 17.9 (3.9); URS group 18.5 (2.9)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >18 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 5:1</p>
|
|
<p>Mean number of SWL sessions (SD): 1.7 (0.9)</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (after 1 treatment): defined as radiographic evidence of complete disappearance of the stone of the presence of insignificant residual stone (3mm or less)</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedure (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (post-operative): VAS score</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteral stricture, ureteral perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events(time-point not reported): UTI, fever, wound infection
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lopes Neto 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref148" rid="ch6.ref148"><sup>148</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=14): SWL performed with the Dornier Compact Delta S under intravenous sedation</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=16): semirigid URS (ureterolithotripsy) with pneumatic lithotripsy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=48</p>
|
|
<p>People with upper ureteral stones ≥10mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 13.8 (2.5); URS group 14.4 (4.1)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 46 (13.5); URS group 49.6 (15.5)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.5:1</p>
|
|
<p>Brazil</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (4 weeks): defined as complete stone clearance or residual fragments 3mm or less on KUB and/or CT</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (hours)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (VAS scale) (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): sepsis</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): UTI</p>
|
|
<p>Failed technology (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Manzoor 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref152" rid="ch6.ref152"><sup>152</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=192): SWL performed in supine position using 3000 shock waves at a rate of 60-90 per minute. Patients were well hydrated and advised an analgesic and alpha-1 D adrenergic inhibitor on discharge</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=): URS (ureterorenoscopic manipulation) in the modified lithotomy position using semirigid ureteroscope and intracorpeal lithotripsy with Lithoclast</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=398</p>
|
|
<p>People with solitary upper ureteric stone of 10-15mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 10.84 (4.25); URS group 11.32 (3.74)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >16 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.7:1</p>
|
|
<p>Pakistan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 week): not defined, assessed using x-ray KUB</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (1 week)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedure (1 week)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (1 week): UTI, fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mehrabi 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref158" rid="ch6.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=32): shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) performed in supine position starting at 12KW and increasing to 3500 shock waves</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=27): URS (ureteroscope and laser) performed in lithotomy position, using semirigid ureteroscope and holmium laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=59</p>
|
|
<p>People with radiopaque upper ureter stones between 5-15mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 11.85 (3.7); URS group 10.44 (2.8)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 43.7 (15.5), URS group 45.3 (14.5)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.03:1</p>
|
|
<p>Iran</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (2 weeks): defined as clearance of stones or residual stones less than 4mm, confirmed by KUB with ultrasonography</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (2 weeks): UTI, fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear if stone free state reported is before or after any repeat or ancillary procedures</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mokhless 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref164" rid="ch6.ref164"><sup>164</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=30): shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) using Modularis Variostar Lithotripter in the supine position. The number of shocks per session was 2000 at 60-90 shocks per minute, and the power escalated until it was between 14-17kv</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=30): retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) performed in the lithotomy position, using a semirigid ureteroscope and holmium laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=60</p>
|
|
<p>Children with renal stones 10-20mm diameter with no previous stone treatment</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): 2.4 years (1.3)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2:1</p>
|
|
<p>Egypt</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (after 1 session): defined as completely stone free (no significant [more than 3mm] or insignificant [less than 3mm] residual fragments), assessed by plain abdominal x-ray and renal ultrasound</p>
|
|
<p>Residual stones (after 1 session): defined as significant residual stone (greater than 3mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Residual stones (after 1 session): defined as insignificant residual stone (less than 3 mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (hours)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ozturk 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref169" rid="ch6.ref169"><sup>169</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=52): shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) with electrohydraulic extracorporeal lithotripter, 2500-3500 shocks were given at 14 to 17kv</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison 2 (n=48): retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) no further details</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=100</p>
|
|
<p>People with ureteral stones between 10-20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 13.2 (2.04); RIRS group 13.2 (2.01)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >18 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.3:1</p>
|
|
<p>Mean number of SWL sessions (SD): 2.31 (0.73)</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as stone free or clinically insignificant sized stones (<4 mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (3 months): ureteral laceration</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (3 months): fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state recorded after one RIRS procedure and up to three sessions of SWL</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pearle 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref174" rid="ch6.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=32): shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) performed in the prone position using an unmodified lithotriptor</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=32): ureteroscopy (URS) using a semirigid ureteroscope</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=64</p>
|
|
<p>People with a solitary radiopaque distal ureteral calculus ≤15mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 7.4 (2.3); URS group 6.4 (2.7)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age (SD): SWL group 41.2 (14.9); URS group 41.2 (12.8)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio: 3.9:1</p>
|
|
<p>United States</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (up to 3 months): not defined, assessed by plain radiograph</p>
|
|
<p>Rehospitalisation (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (fever) (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pearle 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref173" rid="ch6.ref173"><sup>173</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=32): shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) performed using one of 9 machines in the recognised standards. Power settings and number of shock waves was left to the discretion of the treating physician</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=35): ureteroscopic management (URS) using a variety of ureteroscopes. Use of ureteral access sheath, intact retrieval vs intracorpeal lithrotripsy and stent placement was left to investigator discretion</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=67</p>
|
|
<p>People with isolated lower pole stone ≤10mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 52.5 (12.3), URS group 49.3 (14.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.16:1</p>
|
|
<p>Multicentre trial in 19 institutions in the United States and Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as stone free or stone free + fragments of less than 4mm on CT or plain X-ray</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Readmission to hospital (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteral perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Failed technology (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rabani 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref179" rid="ch6.ref179"><sup>179</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=30): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) performed under i.v. sedation with shockwave voltage between 13-18kV and maximum number limited to 4500 shockwaves</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=32): ureteroscopy (URS) with a semi rigid ureteroscope. Transureteral lithotripsy was performed in successfully accessible cases and a double-J stent was inserted in non-accessible cases</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=62</p>
|
|
<p>People with upper ureteral stones larger than 1mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (range): 17.64 (12-26)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (range): 39.5 (19-64)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.8:1</p>
|
|
<p>Iran</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month): defined as stone free on KUB and ultrasound</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (hours)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Extracted in 10-20mm strata as mean stone size falls within 10-20mm. Note that some stones were more than 20mm.</p>
|
|
<p>Stone free state is reported after retreatments</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Salem 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref187" rid="ch6.ref187"><sup>187</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=100): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) performed under i.v. sedation with shockwave voltage between 13-18kV and maximum number limited to 3000 shockwaves</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=100): ureteroscopy (URS) performed under spinal or general anaesthesia using a semirigid ureteroscope and intracorpeal lithotripsy and forceps</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=200</p>
|
|
<p>People with upper ureteral, solitary unilateral radiopaque calculi 5-20mm (grouped into ≥10mm and <10mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (range): <10mm subgroup – SWL group 6.2 (5-9), URS group 6.8 (6-9); ≥10mm subgroup – SWL group 12.5 (1120), URS group 12.2 (12-20)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >20 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.08:1</p>
|
|
<p>Egypt</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (2 weeks): defined as stone free without any residual fragments by KUB and US</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (2 weeks)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedure (2 weeks)</p>
|
|
<p>Readmission</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events: fever, extravasation (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adverse event data is not reported in terms of group sizes, so data has been extracted in the <10mm strata based on the number of participants in each stone size group</p>
|
|
<p>Stone free status is reported before retreatment/ ancillary procedures</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sarica 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref189" rid="ch6.ref189"><sup>189</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=34): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) with electromagnetic lithotriptor under analgesia</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=31): ureterorenoscopy (URS) with semirigid urteroscope under general anaesthesia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=65</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with acute colic pain due to a single obstructing opaque upper ureteral stone 5-10mm</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): 40.50 (1.73)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.6:1</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (4 weeks): defined as completely stone free or residual fragments <4mm</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (4 weeks)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (4 weeks)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (4 weeks): VAS score</p>
|
|
<p>Quality of life (4 weeks): EQ-5D</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sener 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref197" rid="ch6.ref197"><sup>197</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=70): shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) using electrohydraulic extracorporeal</p>
|
|
<p>lithotripter, 2500-3000 shocks given at 14-17kV</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=70): ureterorenoscopy. (URS) using flexible ureterorenoscope and holmium laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=140</p>
|
|
<p>People with single lower pole stones <10mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): SWL group 8.2 (1.2); URS group 7.8 (1.3)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 42.9 (5.6); URS group 45.4 (6.4)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.1:1</p>
|
|
<p>Mean number of SWL sessions (SD): 1.48 (0.65)</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): fragmentation <3mm, method of confirmation not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever, UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state is reported after ancillary procedures</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sener 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref196" rid="ch6.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=50): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) using an electrohydraulic extracorporeal lithotripter, with 2500-3000 shocks at 14-17kV, and a maximum of 3 sessions</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=50): ureteroscopy (URS) using flexible ureterorenoscope and holmium laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=100</p>
|
|
<p>People with single lower pole stones <10mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): SWL group 7.9 (1.1); URS group 8.2 (1.2); observation 7.9 (0.7)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 34.5 (11.04); URS group 36.84 (11.7); observation group 32.52 (12.29)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.06:1</p>
|
|
<p>Mean number of SWL sessions (SD): 2.7 (0.4)</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): fragmentation <3mm</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteral laceration</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever, UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Singh 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref203" rid="ch6.ref203"><sup>203</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=35): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) under iv sedation. A total of 3500-4500 shocks per session (energy level 1-4, frequency 60-120 Hz), with a maximum of 3 sessions</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=35): retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) using a flexible ureterorenoscope and holmium laser lithotripsy under spinal and epidural anaesthesia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=70</p>
|
|
<p>People with symptomatic isolated inferior calyceal radiopaque stone between 10-20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): SWL group 16.45 (2.28); URS group 15.05 (3.56)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 34.5 (4.35); RIRS group 37.65 (11.8)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.5:1</p>
|
|
<p>India</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month): defined as completely stone free or presence of clinically insignificant residual fragment (<3mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported): defined as second session of same treatment modality</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedure (time-point not reported): defined as using a different modality of treatment to make the patient stone free</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (post-operative day 1): VAS score</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): sepsis, ureteric perforation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state is reported after retreatments</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Verze 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref219" rid="ch6.ref219"><sup>219</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=137): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) performed in the prone position and using electromagnetic lithotripter</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=136): ureteroscopy (URS) using a semirigid ureteroscope and lithoclast lithotripter and/or extracted via baskets or forceps</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=273</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with solitary lower ureteric stones with a stone size of 5-15mm (grouped into ≤10mm and ≥10mm and overall)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (range): SWL group 10 (5-15); URS group 10 (6-15)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (range): SWL group 50.5 (18-80); URS group 49.4 (21-81)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.02:1</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as the absence of residual lithiasis at the plain radiography</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (3 months): multiple treatments with the primary treatment type</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (3 months): treatment with procedure other than primary treatment type</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): obstructive pyelonephritis, ureteric perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): haemorrhage, fever
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adverse events data are not reported in terms of the grouped sizes, so extracted as overall, and put into 10-20mm strata due to mean stone size (10mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Stone free state was reported after ancillary and retreatment procedures</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wazir 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref227" rid="ch6.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=112): extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) using electromagnetic lithotripter. Shockwave energy was progressively increased until satisfactory fragmentation</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=112): ureteroscopy (URS) with intracorporeal lithotripsy using semirigid ureteroscope and pneumatic lithotripter</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=224</p>
|
|
<p>People with lower ureteric stones between 6-12mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): 9.18 (1.6) (% of stones 6-10mm: SWL group 75.9; URS group 78.6)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 46 (14.6); URS group 48.7 (16.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.2:1</p>
|
|
<p>Pakistan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (2 weeks): defined as no stone in x-ray KUB or the US showed no stone or fragments <4mm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zeng 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref244" rid="ch6.ref244"><sup>244</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=210): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in the major postero-oblique position, using 8.3-15kV voltage and stroke times of 1500-3000 for each episode of treatment</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=180): ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) in the lithotomy position, using a ureteroscope and pneumatic lithotripter</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=390</p>
|
|
<p>People with lower ureteric calculi</p>
|
|
<p>Stone size (range): 5-21mm</p>
|
|
<p>Age, median: SWL group 51; URS group 40</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.5:1</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (28 days): not defined</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteral perforation, ureteral stricture</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): infection</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean stone size not reported. Study has been categorised as 10-20mm strata but note that includes some <10mm stones</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref245" rid="ch6.ref245"><sup>245</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=257): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) using Dornier Compact S lithotripter. An maximum of 3500 shock waves at 60-90 per minute</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=269): ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy (URS) using semirigid ureteroscope and holmium laser lithotripsy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=526</p>
|
|
<p>People with solitary radiopaque ureteral stones</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (range): 8.7 (5-25)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >17 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.3:1</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (2 weeks): defined as no residual fragments by KUB and US</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteral perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): extravasation, fever</p>
|
|
<p>Failed technology (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in <10mm strata due to mean stone size but note that some stones were greater than10mm</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SWL versus PCNL</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Albala 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref11" rid="ch6.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=68): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) power settings and number of shocks administered was at the discretion of the investigator</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=60): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNCL) in a single or two stage procedure</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=128</p>
|
|
<p>People with symptomatic lower pole calculi ≤30mm in aggregate diameter (grouped into 1-10mm, 11-20mm and 21-30mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm: 1-10mm subgroup – SWL group 8.05, PCNL group 8.84; 11-20mm subgroup – SWL group 14.06, PCNL group 14.97; 21-30mm subgroup – SWL group 23.18, PCNL group 26.33</p>
|
|
<p>Age >18 years</p>
|
|
<p>Gender not reported</p>
|
|
<p>United States</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): not defined</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedure (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): sepsis, perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): UTI, transfusion</p>
|
|
<p>Quality of life (3 months): SF-36</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adverse event and quality of life data not reported in terms of group sizes – has been extracted as overall data in the 10-20mm strata due to overall mean stone size (13.59 and 14.43mm)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carlsson 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref35" rid="ch6.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=28): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) performed without anaesthesia at a voltage of 14-16kV</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=21): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) performed under epidural anaesthesia in the prone position</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=49</p>
|
|
<p>People with kidney stones of 4-30mm in diameter</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (range): SWL group 13 (5-27); PCNL group 12 (7-25)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean: PCNL group 48.2, SWL group 49.0</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.88:1</p>
|
|
<p>Sweden</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (4 weeks): stone free (no residual fragments)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): sepsis, perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (1 day): fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in 10-20mm strata due to mean stone size. Note that some stones were more/less than 10-20mm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Deem 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref51" rid="ch6.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=12): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) using a flexible cystoscopy. Performed under general anaesthesia using the Medispec lithotripter. Up to 2000 shocks were delivered at a rate of 60</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=20): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using a flexible cystoscopy. Performed in the prone position. Stones retrieved with graspers or fragmented with a combined ultrasonic and pneumatic device. Flexible nephroscopy then performed</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=32</p>
|
|
<p>People with kidney stones between 10-20mm in largest dimension</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 12.16 (1.4); PCNL group 12.85 (2.0)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >18 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.13:1</p>
|
|
<p>United States</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): not defined, confirmed by CT scan</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar 2015C<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref128" rid="ch6.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=52): shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) as an outpatient procedure using the Alpha Compact electromagnetic lithotripter (Dornier), with a maximum of 2500 shocks per session at 90 pulses per minute. Maximum of 4 sessions</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=53): mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) performed in the prone position using a miniature nephroscope and pneumatic LithoClast</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=105</p>
|
|
<p>People with single lower calyceal radiolucent renal stone 10-20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 13.2 (1.2); PCNL group 13.3 (1.3)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >15 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 0.9:1</p>
|
|
<p>India</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as residual calculi less than 4mm</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedure (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar 2015D<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref129" rid="ch6.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=111): shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) using the electromagnetic lithotripter at 90 pulses per minute for a maximum of 2500 shockwaves per session, with a maximum of 4 sessions</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=110): mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) in the prone position using a miniature nephroscope and pneumatic lithotripsy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=221</p>
|
|
<p>Children with a single radiopaque renal stone</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 12.9 (1.3); PCNL group 12.7 (1.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): SWL group 10.7 (1.3); PCNL group 10.3 (1.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 0.9:1</p>
|
|
<p>India</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): not defined</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported): defined as a method of treatment other than the primary treatment to render the patient stone free</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteral perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): extravasations, UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wankhade 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref226" rid="ch6.ref226"><sup>226</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=78): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) performed on Dorniel compact alfa at a frequency of 60-80 and intensity of 3-4. There was a maximum of 3-4 sessions.</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=78): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) performed under regional anaesthesia using pneumatic lithoclast and forceps</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=156</p>
|
|
<p>People lower caliceal calculi 11-15mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Age >15 years</p>
|
|
<p>Gender not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Mean number of SWL sessions (range): 3.38 (1-5)</p>
|
|
<p>India</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as no stone or <4 mm stone on USG</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedure (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): sepsis, mortality</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yuruk 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref241" rid="ch6.ref241"><sup>241</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=33): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) without anaesthesia using an electromagnetic lithotripter, starting at 14kV and increasing to 24kV. A total of 3000 shocks per session, and a maximum of 3 sessions</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=33): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) performed in the prone position using rigid nephroscope and lithoclast lithotripter</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=66</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with asymptomatic lower caliceal calculi 20mm or less in greatest diameter</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 44.5 (9.4); PCNL group 44.1 (12.3)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1:1</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): not defined</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever, bleeding</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in 10-20mm strata but note that may include some stones <10mm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zeng 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref242" rid="ch6.ref242"><sup>242</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=22): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) performed on the Dornier Compact Delta-lithotripter. There were 300-1800 shockwaves per session at a rate of 60 shockwaves/ minute. Repeat SWL was performed after 2 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=24): mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the prone position using pneumatic lithotripter and an 8F/9.8F semirigid ureteroscope</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=46</p>
|
|
<p>Children with renal stones 15-25mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 21.7 (1.7); PCNL group 21.4 (3.5)</p>
|
|
<p>Age <3 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 32:14</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as no residual fragments detected with non-contrast CT</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (3-5 days after the first MPCNL and 2 weeks after the first SWL)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever,</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Non-randomised</p>
|
|
<p>SWL and MPCNL were performed in different hospitals</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">URS versus PCNL</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bas 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref20" rid="ch6.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (m=36): retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) under general anaesthesia, in the lithotomy position, using a flexible ureterorenoscopes</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=45): micro-perc under general anesthesia using Ho: Yag laser fibre</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=81</p>
|
|
<p>Children with renal stones 10-20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): URS group 12.8 (3.03); PCNL group 13.97 (3.46)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): URS group 8.39 (4.72); PCNL group 5.62 (4.5)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 38:43</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone-free state (end of procedure or 1 month): stone free or fragments <3mm</p>
|
|
<p>Length of stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever, UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Basiri 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref22" rid="ch6.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=50): URS (retrograde ureteroscopic lithotripsy) using a semirigid ureteroscope</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=50): PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotripsy) performed in the classic manner</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=100</p>
|
|
<p>People with urinary stones of the upper ureter ≥15mm</p>
|
|
<p>Stone size: mean (SD): URS group 17.8 (2.4), PCNL group 20.3 (3.3) mm</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): URS group 39 (15); PCNL group 48 (13)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 65:35</p>
|
|
<p>Iran</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 weeks): not defined, confirmed by KUB radiography and ultrasonography</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in 10-20mm strata but note that may include some stones >20mm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bryniarski 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref32" rid="ch6.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=32): Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=32): PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotripsy)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=64</p>
|
|
<p>People with a single stone in the renal pelvis of >20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): PCNL group 51.8 (11.8), RIRS group 53.4 (12.4)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 31:33</p>
|
|
<p>Poland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 weeks): residual fragments of ≥4mm, confirmed by radiography</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (1 day): VAS</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): sepsis</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever, blood transfusion</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Demirbas 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref53" rid="ch6.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=43): retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) using a ureteral access sheath, a flexible ureterorenoscope and holmium Yag laser lithotripter</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=30): ultramini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using nephroscope and holmium laser lithotripter</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=73</p>
|
|
<p>People with renal stones sized 10-25mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): RIRS group 48.72 (16.87); PCNL group 43.73 (14.62)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.3:1</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month): defined as absence of any stones, or stone fragments less than 3mm, confirmed by CT</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): Calvien grade 3 – no further details</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): Calvien grade 1-2 – no further details</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in 10-20mm strata. Note that also includes some 20-25mm stones (not known how many)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fayad 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref71" rid="ch6.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=60): retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=60): mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=120</p>
|
|
<p>People with lower calyceal stones of ≤20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD; range): PCNL group 14.7 (3; 8–20), RIRS group 1411 (3; 8–20)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >18 years</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 72:48</p>
|
|
<p>Egypt</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (12 weeks): defined as absence of residual stone or small residuals of ≤2mm on CT</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): bleeding, minor ureteric injury, fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gu 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref80" rid="ch6.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=29): retrograde ureterolithotripsy (URS) performed under spinal or general anaesthetic in the lithotomy position using semi-rigid ureteroscope and a holmium: YAG laser</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=30): mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy/ percutaneous antegrade ureterolithotripsy (PCNL) performed under general anaesthetic in the lithotomy and prone position using ureterocope and holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=59</p>
|
|
<p>People with impacted upper ureteral stones ≥15mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (range): URS group 16.23 (15-25); PCNL group 17.27 (15-25)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): MPCNL group 42.5 (10.1), RIRS group 44.22 (13.0)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio: URS group 1:0.64; PCNL group 1:0.81</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month): not defined, confirmed by KUB or ultrasound</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteral perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): transfusion, fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in 10-20mm strata based on mean stone size, but note that there are some 20-25 mm stones</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karakoyunlu 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref115" rid="ch6.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=30): flexible ureteroscopy (URS) performed in lithotomy position, using a Holmium laser</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=30): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=60</p>
|
|
<p>People with kidney pelvic stones >20mm in diameter</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): URS group 27.17 (3.73); PCNL group 26.07 (3.26)</p>
|
|
<p>Age >15 years</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): PCNL group 45.8 (14.1), RIRS group 48.4 (15.5)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 34:26</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (2 weeks): defined as complete, clinically insignificant residual fragments (<4mm), confirmed by KUB and NCCT</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar 2015C<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref128" rid="ch6.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention 2 (n=53): retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) using flexible ureteroscope and holmium laser for intracoporeal lithotripsy</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=53): mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) performed in the prone position using a miniature nephroscope and pneumatic LithoClast</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=158</p>
|
|
<p>People with single lower calyceal radiolucent renal stone 10-20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Age >15 years</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): PCNL group 33.7 (1.6), RIRS group 33.4 (1.4)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 0.9:1</p>
|
|
<p>United States</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): not defined</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref140" rid="ch6.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=35): retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) performed under general anaesthesia in the dorsal lithotomy position and using flexible ureteroscope and holmium laser</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=35): mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) performed in the prone position and using a holmium laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=70</p>
|
|
<p>People with single or multiple renal stones >10mm</p>
|
|
<p>Stone size, mean (SD): PCNL group 39.1 (30.7), RIRS group 28.9 (17.5) mm</p>
|
|
<p>Age >20 years</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): PCNL group 59.3 (13.3), RIRS group 55.8 (11.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio: PCNL group 28:7; RIRS group 28:5</p>
|
|
<p>Korea</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as no residual stone or stones <2mm on NECT</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (1 day): VAS scale (1-10)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): UTI, minor ureter perforation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Li 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref143" rid="ch6.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=39): flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy (URS) using holmium laser</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=33): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) under general anaesthesia in the prone position and using rigid ureterscope and holmium laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=72</p>
|
|
<p>People with simple kidney stones</p>
|
|
<p>Stone size, mean (SD; range): PCNL group 15 (5; 11–19), RIRS group 16 (4; 12–19) mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): URS group 49.7 (10.2); PCNL group 52.3 (11.4)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.3:1</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as no retained stones found or the fragments were <4mm and free from clinical symptoms under KUB, ultrasound or CT</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteral stricture</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): ureteral mucosa injury, bleeding/haematoma, infection/renal abscess</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qi 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref178" rid="ch6.ref178"><sup>178</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=52): ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) using holmium: YAG laser or lithoclast lithotripsy</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=52): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using rigid nephroscope, ultrasonic and pneumatic lithotripter</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=104</p>
|
|
<p>People with impacted upper ureteral stones ≥15mm in size</p>
|
|
<p>Stone size (mm), mean (SD): URS group 19.8 (4.3); PCNL group 20.3 (3.6)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): URS group 42.5 (10.3); PCNL group 41.1 (12.4)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.5:1</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month): not defined, confirmed by KUB and B ultrasonography</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever, minor ureteral perforation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in 10-20mm strata</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saad 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref183" rid="ch6.ref183"><sup>183</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=21): retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the lithotomy position under general anaesthesia, using semirigid ureteroscope and flexible ureteroscopy, and holmium: YAG laser</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=22): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the prone position under general anaesthesia, using a paediatric nephroscope and pneumatic lithotripsy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=38 (43 renal units)</p>
|
|
<p>Children with renal calculi >20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): RIRS group 6.44 (4.84); PCNL group 6.93 (3.55)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.86:1</p>
|
|
<p>Egypt</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month; by renal unit): defined as absence of any stone fragments on follow up imaging</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported; by renal unit)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported; by renal unit): fever, bleeding</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sabnis 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref184" rid="ch6.ref184"><sup>184</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=35): Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) using flexible ureteroscope, laser lithotripsy and sent or catheter</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=35): micro PCNL performed under general anaesthesia in the lithotomy and then prone position, using a holmium YAG laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=70</p>
|
|
<p>People with renal calculi of <15 mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): RIRS group 10.4 (2.5); PCNL group 11 (2.3)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): RIRS group 43.7 (12.1), PCNL group 38.6 (14.6)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.91:1</p>
|
|
<p>India</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as complete stone clearance</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (hours)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (6 hours): VAS, 1-10</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time point not reported): urosepsis</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): minor perforation, fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sen 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref194" rid="ch6.ref194"><sup>194</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=23): retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) using flexible URS and Ho: YAG laser</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=25): micro-perc under general anesthesia and in the lithotomy position, using the Ho: YAG laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=48</p>
|
|
<p>Children with paediatric stone disease</p>
|
|
<p>Stone size, mean (SD), mm: URS group 13.7 (3.5); PCNL group 12.2 (2.8)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): URS group 10.9 (3); PCNL group 4 (2.3)</p>
|
|
<p>Gender not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone-free state (2 weeks): stone free on KUB or USG</p>
|
|
<p>Length of stay (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): sepsis</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref222" rid="ch6.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=63): retrograde ureteroscopic management (URS) performed in the asymmetric lithotomy position under general anaesthesia using a semirigid ureteroscope and lithosclast</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=63): percutaneous nephrostomy (PCNL) performed under local anaesthesia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=126</p>
|
|
<p>People with obstructing ureteral stones and clinical signs of sepsis</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): URS group 13.72 (1.57); PNC group 13.47 (1.80)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): URS group 57.52 (11.93); PCN group 58.21 (10.89)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 0.98:1</p>
|
|
<p>Taiwan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): mortality</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref225" rid="ch6.ref225"><sup>225</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=50): URS (ureteroscopic lithotripsy) using an 8-9.8 F rigid ureteroscope and a holmium YAG laser</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=50): PCNL (mini PCNL)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=100</p>
|
|
<p>People with upper ureteral stones >15mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): URS group 42 (14); PCNL group 41 (15)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): URS group 16.8 (2.1); PCNL group 19.3 (1.8)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 59:41</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone-free state (1 month): defined as absence of stone debris on the KUB film</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (3 days): SWL</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): ureter perforation, ureteral structure</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever, blood transfusion, UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yang 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref237" rid="ch6.ref237"><sup>237</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=91): URS (transuretheral ureteroscopy) using a holmium laser and rigid ureteroscope</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=91): PCNL (minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=182</p>
|
|
<p>People with ureteric stones</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): MPCNL group 45.2 (14.7), URS group 46.4 (15.1)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.43:1</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month): defined as residual stones <4mm, confirmed by KUB and B ultrasonography</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (1 month): ureteral stricture</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (1 month): fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgery versus conservative treatment</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Keeley 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref120" rid="ch6.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=113): shock wave lithotripsy (SWL)</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=115): observation. No treatment was received unless symptoms developed</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=228</p>
|
|
<p>People with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic calyceal stones of a combined diameter of ≤15mm in a single kidney</p>
|
|
<p>Stone size: SWL group: 1-5mm 37%, 6-10mm 46%, 11-15mm 17%; observation group: 1-5mm 29%, 6-10mm 59%, 11-15mm 12%</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 53.7 (10.8), observation group 53.2 (12.8)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 4.8:1</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (mean 2.2 years): not defined, confirmed by KUB</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in <10mm strata as majority of participants have stones <10mm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sener 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref196" rid="ch6.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=50): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) using an electrohydraulic extracorporeal lithotripter, with 2500-3000 shocks at 14-17kV, and a maximum of 3 sessions</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=50): ureteroscopy (URS) using flexible ureterorenoscope and holmium laser</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison 2 (n=50): observation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=150</p>
|
|
<p>People with single lower pole stones <10mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size (SD): SWL group 7.9 (1.1); URS group 8.2 (1.2); observation 7.9 (0.7)</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 34.5 (11.04); URS group 36.84 (11.7); observation group 32.52 (12.29)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.06:1</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): defined as fragmentation <3mm</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yuruk 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref241" rid="ch6.ref241"><sup>241</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=33): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) without anaesthesia using an electromagnetic lithotripter, starting at 14kV and increasing to 24kV. A total of 3000 shocks per session, and a maximum of 3 sessions</p>
|
|
<p>Intervention 2 (n=33): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) performed in the prone position using rigid nephroscope and lithoclast lithotripter</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=33): observation Symptoms were defined as disease progression. Patients were referred for SWL, PCNL or URS after prompt medical treatment</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=99</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with asymptomatic lower caliceal calculi 20mm or less in greatest diameter</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean (SD): SWL group 44.5 (9.4); PCNL group 44.1 (12.3); observation group 44 (12.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.1:1</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (3 months): not defined</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in 10-20mm strata but note that may include some stones <10mm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref246" rid="ch6.ref246"><sup>246</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention 1 (n=97): nifedipine (30 mg, orally, three times a day for four weeks)</p>
|
|
<p>Intervention 2 (n=102): tamsulosin (0.4 mg/d for four weeks)</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=104): shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), a single session</p>
|
|
<p>All patients received conventional treatment with 2500 ml hydration daily and levofloxacin (0.1 g orally, twice a day) for the first 7 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=314</p>
|
|
<p>People with lower ureteral stones</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): intervention 1, 6.8 (1.6); intervention 2, 6.9 (1.6); comparison, 6.9 (1.6)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): intervention 1, 36.3 (9.7); intervention 2, 34.6 (11.4); SWL group, 36.6 (11.1)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.1:1</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (4 weeks): defined as complete absence of any stone based on plain abdominal x-ray or fragments less than 3mm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab2_1_1_56_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab3"><div id="ch6.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aghamir 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref4" rid="ch6.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=13): tubeless PCNL. Ureteral stent and working sheath were removed at the end of the procedures</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=10): standard PCNL. Ureteral stent remained and a nephrostomy tube was placed</p>
|
|
<p>PCNL was performed in the prone position using a sheath and nephroscope. A pneumatic lithotripter and grasper was used.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=23</p>
|
|
<p>Children <14 years old with a renal stone larger than 25 mm or renal stone with lesser diameter and SWL failure</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): tubeless group 29.23 (4.85); standard group 31.40 (5.19)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): tubeless group10.32 (2.68); standard group 11.10 (1.72)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.3:1</p>
|
|
<p>Iran</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month): defined as no stone fragment over 4mm, confirmed by sonography</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (1 month)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (hours)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (1 month): fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chang 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref39" rid="ch6.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=68): tubeless PCNL</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=63): standard PCNL using a double J catheter and nephrostomy tube</p>
|
|
<p>PCNL was performed in the prone position using a sheath and pneumatic lithoclast</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=131</p>
|
|
<p>People with impacted ureteropelvic junction stone or single renal pelvic stone >20mm and <40mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): tubeless group 24.74 (2.69); standard group 24.86 (2.78)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): tubeless group 59.22 (12.44); standard group 58.70 (10.85)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 3.37:1</p>
|
|
<p>Taiwan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (mean follow up 18-18.92 months): defined as complete removal or radiographic absence of calculi by KUB</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (mean follow up 18-18.92 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (mean follow up 18-18.92 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (2 days): VAS</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (mean follow up 18-18.92 months): Calvien grade 3a – no further details</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (mean follow up 18-18.92 months): Calvien grade 1-2 – no further details</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jun-Ou 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref105" rid="ch6.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=43): tubeless supracostal PCNL</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=52): supracostal PCNL with routine nephrostomy tube placement</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=95</p>
|
|
<p>People with stones</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): tubeless group 38.3 (14.5) (range 18-80); standard group 41.1 (15.7) (range 23-95)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): tubeless group 51.49 (12.77); standard group 50.63 (12.18)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.57:1</p>
|
|
<p>Staghorn 30.5%, calyceal stone 22.1%, calyceal + pelvic stone 40%, upper ureteral stone 5.3%, upper ureteral + calyceal stone 2.1%</p>
|
|
<p>Thailand</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 day): defined as completely stone free or residual fragments <4mm, confirmed by plain film KUB</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in renal strata as majority of stones were renal (including staghorn and pelvic) (93%) but note that also includes some ureteral stones</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lu 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref150" rid="ch6.ref150"><sup>150</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=16): tubeless minimally invasive PCNL</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=16): standard minimally invasive PCNL</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=32</p>
|
|
<p>People who have stones in the renal pelvis of <40 mm in size</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): tubeless group 31.1 (6.2) (range 20-40 mm); standard group 32.9 (5.4) (range 20-40 mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): tubeless group 43.81 (18.89); standard group 46.25 (22.37)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 0.68:1</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (2 weeks): not defined, confirmed by KUB and ultrasound</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): extravasation, fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Samad 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref188" rid="ch6.ref188"><sup>188</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=30): tubeless mini-PCNL</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=30): standard mini-PCNL with nephrostomy tube</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=54 (60 renal units)</p>
|
|
<p>Children undergoing PCNL</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): tubeless group 20.4 (9.3); standard group 28.6 (16.7)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): tubeless group 6.3 (3.6); standard group 7.2)3.2)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.35:1</p>
|
|
<p>Pakistan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 week): not defined</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): UTI, fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in >20mm strata based on mean stone size, but note that it is likely that some stones were less than 20 mm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sebaey 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref193" rid="ch6.ref193"><sup>193</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=40): tubeless mini-PCNL</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=40): standard mini-PCNL. At the end of the procedure a 14-F nephrostomy tube was inserted</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=80</p>
|
|
<p>People with a solitary radio-opaque renal stone, and candidates for PCNL</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): tubeless group 18.2 (3.6); standard group 19.1 (3.7)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): tubeless group 40.6 (11.9); standard group 46.1 (18.4)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2.6:1</p>
|
|
<p>Egypt</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (time point not reported): definition not reported, confirmed by abdominal radiograph</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PCNL: minimally invasive a.k.a. mini versus standard</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feng 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref72" rid="ch6.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=10): mini-PCNL. The tract dilation was up to 22F and a 19F rigid nephroscope was used</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=10): standard PCNL. At the end of the procedure a nephrostomy tube was placed</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=20</p>
|
|
<p>People referred for a percutaneous renal procedure with a stone of ≥15 mm, stones in the presence of obstruction, or ureteropelvic junction obstruction</p>
|
|
<p>96.3% renal stones</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD not reported): mini group 56; standard group 53</p>
|
|
<p>Gender not reported</p>
|
|
<p>United States</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (time-point not reported): defined as free of stones or clinically insignificant stones (<5mm), confirmed by radiograph</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (1 day): VAS</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): bleeding requiring transfusion</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in >20mm strata but note that may include some 15-20 mm stones</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karakan 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref113" rid="ch6.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=47): ultra-mini PCNL in the lithotomy, then prone position using a semirigid ureteroscope and holmium YAG laser</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=50): standard PCNL in the lithotomy, then prone position using a rigid endoscope and holmium YAG laser</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=123</p>
|
|
<p>People with a stone size equal to or smaller than 25mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): umPCNL group 20.3 (3.0); standard PCNL group 20.9 (3.6)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (range): umPCNL group 43.3 (19-69); standard PCNL group 46.5 (26-84)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.55:1</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month): defined as stone free or clinically insignificant fragments (<3mm), confirmed using non-contrast CT</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (days): not suitable for meta-analysis</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): blood transfusion, fever, UTI</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sakr 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref186" rid="ch6.ref186"><sup>186</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=75): minimally invasive PCNL in the flank free modified supine position. The tract was dilated to 16.5F and a 12-F sized miniature nephroscope was used</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=75): standard PCNL in the flank free modified supine position. The tract was dilated up to 30F and a 26-F nephroscope was used</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=150</p>
|
|
<p>People with 20-30 mm renal stones</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): miPCNL group 27 (2); standard PCNL group 26 (6)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD): miPCNL group 43.8 (9.5); standard PCNL group 40.2 (8.3)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.6:1</p>
|
|
<p>Egypt</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month)</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Pain (1 day): VAS score</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): perforation of renal pelvis</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): bleeding necessitating transfusion, fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PCNL: supine versus prone position</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Al-Dessoukey 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref10" rid="ch6.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=101): PCNL in the oblique supine lithotomy position</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=102): PCNL in the prone position</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=203</p>
|
|
<p>People with upper urinary tract stones (single or multiple renal stones >25 mm or upper ureteral stones >10 mm)</p>
|
|
<p>Stone site: upper ureter 3.9%, pelvic 38.9%, lower calyceal 11.3%, pelvic and middle/upper/lower calyceal 52.2%, staghorn 1.9%</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD): supine group 36.8 (14.2); prone group 39.3 (12.6)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 2:1</p>
|
|
<p>Egypt</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 day): defined as no stone ≥4mm, confirmed by KUB, US and chest x-ray</p>
|
|
<p>Length of hospital stay (hours)</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): colonic injury</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): blood transfusion, fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Extracted in renal strata as majority of stones were pelvic or pelvic + caliceal</p>
|
|
<p>Note that stone site adds up to over 100% - not explained in paper</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falahatkar 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref66" rid="ch6.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=18): PCNL in the supine position without flank elevation</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=15): PCNL in the prone position</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=33</p>
|
|
<p>People with renal stones ≥20 mm, stone size ≥15 mm in lower calyx and stones resistant to ESWL ≥10 mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD not reported): supine group 31.2; prone group 27.3</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD not reported): supine group 49.9; prone group 47.06</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 3.13:1</p>
|
|
<p>Iran</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (2 weeks): residual stones less than 5mm, confirmed on plain radiography</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): mortality</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever, transfusion</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Extracted in renal stone >20mm strata due to mean stone size</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falahatkar 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref68" rid="ch6.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=40): PCNL in the supine position without flank elevation, placed at the bed edge without a rolled towel under the flank or change in leg position</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=40): PCNL in the prone position</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=80</p>
|
|
<p>People with single or multiple renal stones >20mm</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (SD not reported): supine group 40.6; prone group 40.3</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (SD not reported): supine group 45.35; prone group 43.02</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.05:1</p>
|
|
<p>Iran</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 day): defined as stone <5mm, confirmed by KUB x-ray and sonography</p>
|
|
<p>Major adverse events (time-point not reported): mortality</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): extravasation, transfusion, fever</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sio 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref205" rid="ch6.ref205"><sup>205</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=39): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the supine position using nephroscope and ultrasonic lithotripsy</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison (n=36): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the prone position using nephroscope and ultrasonic lithotripsy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=75</p>
|
|
<p>People with single or multiple renal stones (pelvic-calyceal) treatable with a single percutaneous access</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size, mm (range): supine group 34 (25–51); prone group 33 (27–45)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (range): supine group 38 (25–72); prone group 41 (28–69)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 0.79:1</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month): defined as no stone >2 mm Visualized</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref224" rid="ch6.ref224"><sup>224</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (n=60): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the modified supine position</p>
|
|
<p>Comparison(n=62): percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the prone position</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=122</p>
|
|
<p>People with renal and ureteral calculi, >20mm or >15 mm respectively</p>
|
|
<p>Renal stones 83.6%; ureteral stones 16.4%</p>
|
|
<p>Mean stone size not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age, years (range): supine group 44 (30-69); prone group 42 (22-70)</p>
|
|
<p>Male to female ratio 1.03:1</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Stone free state (1 month): defined as no residual stones of diameter >4 mm</p>
|
|
<p>Recurrence (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Ancillary procedures (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Retreatment (time-point not reported)</p>
|
|
<p>Minor adverse events (time-point not reported): fever, clinically insignificant bleeding</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Over 80% of participants had renal stones so data extracted in renal stone strata and >20 mm strata</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab4"><div id="ch6.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1152</p>
|
|
<p>(8 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>2 weeks - 3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.9</p>
|
|
<p>(0.81 to 0.99)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">929 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>93 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 9 fewer to 186 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1094</p>
|
|
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>2 weeks - 3 months or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 5.01</p>
|
|
<p>(1.39 to 18.04)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>116 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 11 more to 494 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>959</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>2-4 weeks or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.29</p>
|
|
<p>(0.71 to 7.40)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>53 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 12 fewer to 262 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Readmission to hospital</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.50</p>
|
|
<p>(0.10 to 2.54)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>62 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 112 fewer to 192 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>156</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>4.4 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>2.20 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.09 to 1.31 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by lower score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>4.1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>1.6 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.28 to 2.92 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life - EQ-5D mean index</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 1.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life - eq-5d mean</p>
|
|
<p>index in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.87</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life - eq-5d mean index in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.15 to 0.05 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life - EQ-5D VAS value</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life - eq-5d vas value in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>84.67</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life - eq-5d vas value in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>11.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(15.95 to 7.05 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1048</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.67</p>
|
|
<p>(0.29 to 1.52)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 14 fewer to 10 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>682</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.15</p>
|
|
<p>(0.05 to 0.47)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>48 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 29 fewer to 54 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Failed technology</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>682</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.27</p>
|
|
<p>(0.06 to 1.21)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 22 fewer to 5 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 62%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab4_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 85%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab4_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 72%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab4_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab5"><div id="ch6.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Conservative treatment</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Surgery (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>303</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.23</p>
|
|
<p>(1.10 to 1.39)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">709 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>163 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 71 more to 277 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab6"><div id="ch6.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1777</p>
|
|
<p>(13 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 session - 3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.85</p>
|
|
<p>(0.79 to 0.92)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">852 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>128 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 68 fewer to 179 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1394</p>
|
|
<p>(10 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 week to 3 months or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 4.43</p>
|
|
<p>(3.39 to 5.79)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>298 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 208 more to 417 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures - Lower ureteric</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>274</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.12</p>
|
|
<p>(1.11 to 4.05)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>97 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 10 more to 265 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures - Upper ureteric</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>668</p>
|
|
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1-4 weeks or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.12</p>
|
|
<p>(0.85 to 1.48)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">254 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 38 fewer to 122 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Readmission to hospital</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>200</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>2 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 7.46</p>
|
|
<p>(0.46 to 120.17)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 13 fewer to 53 more)<sup>8</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay – Hours</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>164</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay - hours in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>47.3 hours</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay - hours in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>25.84 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(32.64 to 19.05 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain VAS</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by lower score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>102</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>Post-treatment or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain vas in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>2.35</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain vas in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.69 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.82 lower to 0.44 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>971</p>
|
|
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.63</p>
|
|
<p>(0.14 to 2.74)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 37 fewer to 75 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1536</p>
|
|
<p>(10 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 week to 3 months or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.47</p>
|
|
<p>(0.21 to 1.05)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>32 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 48 fewer to 3 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Failed technology</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.15</p>
|
|
<p>(0.00 to 7.8)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>53 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 63 fewer to 281 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=50%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab6_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=89%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab6_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=86%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab6_6"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the comparison group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab6_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=60%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab6_8"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab6_9"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=53%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab6_10"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab7"><div id="ch6.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence table: URS versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with URS (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>541</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3-4 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.89</p>
|
|
<p>(0.8 to 0.99)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1000 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>110 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 10 fewer to 200 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>159</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.57</p>
|
|
<p>(0.66 to 3.72)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>40 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 24 fewer to 190 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>444</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3 days or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 4.3</p>
|
|
<p>(1.36 to 13.61)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>162 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 18 more to 618 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>470</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean hospital stay (days) in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>6.13</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean hospital stay (days) in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>3.24 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.95 to 2.53 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>444</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>4 weeks or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 8.31</p>
|
|
<p>(2.04 to 33.9)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 10 more to 63 more)<sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>441</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>4 weeks or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.95</p>
|
|
<p>(0.31 to 2.94)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 81 fewer to 229 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 78%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab7_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab7_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 58%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab7_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=80%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab7_6"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab7_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab8"><div id="ch6.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence table: SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with URS/RIRS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6-8 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.46</p>
|
|
<p>(0.25 to 0.84)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">941 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>508 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 151 fewer to 706 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6-8 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 17.96</p>
|
|
<p>(3.66 to 88.1)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>571 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 394 more to 833 more)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6-8 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 6.07</p>
|
|
<p>(0.8 to 46.1)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>299 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 12 fewer to 1000 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager4 Downgraded by 1 increment if the outcome definition reported did not meet definition of outcome in protocol</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab8_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab9"><div id="ch6.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with URS/RIRS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>404</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.95</p>
|
|
<p>(0.88 to 1.02)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">882 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>44 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 106 fewer to 18 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>273</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 5.97</p>
|
|
<p>(0.98 to 36.42)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>283 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 1 fewer to 1000 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>413</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.39</p>
|
|
<p>(1.13 to 5.04)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 5 more to 158 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Readmission</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.14</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01 to 1.39)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>73 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 85 fewer to 30 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>206</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.13</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01 to 1.28)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 30 fewer to 8 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>413</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.13</p>
|
|
<p>(0.04 to 0.46)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>43 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 26 fewer to 48 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Failed technology</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.22</p>
|
|
<p>(0.03 to 1.77)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>112 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 139 fewer to 110 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 65%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab9_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab10"><div id="ch6.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>39</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.64</p>
|
|
<p>(0.45 to 0.9)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1000 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>360 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 100 fewer to 550 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.91</p>
|
|
<p>(0.14 to 5.86)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 86 fewer to 486 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 7.44</p>
|
|
<p>(0.73 to 75.95)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>136 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 24 fewer to 297 more)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab11"><div id="ch6.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Conservative</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Surgery (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>350</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months - 2.2 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 8.28</p>
|
|
<p>(0.09 to 756.16)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>662 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 83 fewer to 1000 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>150</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.58</p>
|
|
<p>(0.21 to 1.64)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 95 fewer to 77 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 95%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab12"><div id="ch6.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>395</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1-3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.84</p>
|
|
<p>(0.74 to 0.96)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">897 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>144 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 36 fewer to 233 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>395</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 5.96</p>
|
|
<p>(3.77 to 9.42)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>471 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 263 more to 800 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>229</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.02</p>
|
|
<p>(0.69 to 5.85)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 29 fewer to 451 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay - Hours</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>190</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay - hours in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>33.45</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay - hours in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>27.09 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(56.49 lower to 2.31 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain VAS</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by lower score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>190</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 day or not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain vas in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>3.72</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain vas in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.05 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.91 lower to 4.01 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>325</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.27</p>
|
|
<p>(0.49 to 3.32)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 25 fewer to 114 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>144</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1</p>
|
|
<p>(0.15 to 6.71)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 25 fewer to 166 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 52%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab12_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 72%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab12_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 99%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab12_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 98%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab13"><div id="ch6.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>427</p>
|
|
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1-3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.63</p>
|
|
<p>(0.5 to 0.79)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">960 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>355 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 202 fewer to 480 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>239</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 18.69</p>
|
|
<p>(7.06 to 66.89)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>212 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 61 more to 679 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>363</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 5.97</p>
|
|
<p>(2.38 to 14.95)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>84 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 23 more to 237 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>49</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay - days in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>7.4 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay - days in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>3.30 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(5.45 to 1.15 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - Physical functioning</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by high score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - physical functioning in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>−0.4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - physical functioning in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>2.7 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(6.06 lower to 11.46 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - Physical role</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by high score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - physical role in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>14.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - physical role in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>1.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(17.73 lower to 20.73 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - Bodily pain</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by high score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - bodily pain in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>26.3</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - bodily pain in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>10.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(21.47 lower to 1.27 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - General health</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by high score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>79</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - general health in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>4.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - general health in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>5.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(13.9 lower to 2.5 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - Vitality</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - vitality in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>8.7</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - vitality in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.8 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(8.57 lower to 10.17 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - Social functioning</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by high score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - social functioning in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>5.7</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - social functioning in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>5.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(5.32 lower to 15.72 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - Emotional role</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by high score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - emotional role in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - emotional role in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>8 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(10.87 lower to 26.87 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - Mental health</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by high score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - mental health in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>3.1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - mental health in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>1.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.67 lower to 7.07 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - Total physical</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by high score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>78</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - total physical in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>5.1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - total physical in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>1.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(5.55 lower to 1.95 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - Total mental</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by high score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>78</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - total mental in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>1.4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - total mental in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.7 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.85 lower to 5.25 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (SF-36) - Overall health</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by high score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>78</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - overall health in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>8.2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life (sf-36) - overall health in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>1.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.51 lower to 6.51 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>321</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.11</p>
|
|
<p>(0.02 to 0.57)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>62 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 29 fewer to 68 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>310</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 day or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.53</p>
|
|
<p>(0.15 to 1.82)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 36 fewer to 34 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 72%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab13_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab13_4"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the intervention or comparison group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab13_5"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference was calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab13_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab14"><div id="ch6.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with URS (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>405</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1-3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.98</p>
|
|
<p>(0.9 to 1.06)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">927 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 93 fewer to 56 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recurrence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>72</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 year</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.63</p>
|
|
<p>(0.15 to 2.63)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>45 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 103 fewer to 197 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>154</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.58</p>
|
|
<p>(0.08 to 4.36)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 25 fewer to 91 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>154</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.20</p>
|
|
<p>(0.34 to 4.28)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 34 fewer to 167 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>143</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (days) in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>2.25</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (days) in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.26 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.65 lower to 1.12 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain (VAS)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 1 to 10</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by lower score</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 hours post-operatively</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain (vas) in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>4.8</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain (vas) in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.64 to 0.36 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>205</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup>,</p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.45</p>
|
|
<p>(0.15 to 1.37)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 81 fewer to 36 more)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>405</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.65</p>
|
|
<p>(0.35 to 1.22)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73 per 1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 47 fewer to 16 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 81%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab14_4"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab15"><div id="ch6.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Conservative</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Surgery (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>94</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 20.09</p>
|
|
<p>(8.6 to 46.93)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>758 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 644 more to 872 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>94</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.22</p>
|
|
<p>(0.06 to 0.80)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">219 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>171 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 44 fewer to 206 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab15_3"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the comparison group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab15_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab16"><div id="ch6.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.17</p>
|
|
<p>(0.03 to 1.05)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">857 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>711 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 831 fewer to 43 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1</p>
|
|
<p>(0.18 to 5.63)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">222 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 182 fewer to 1000 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 191 fewer to 191 more)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_3"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the intervention or comparison group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_4"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab17"><div id="ch6.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with URS (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>192</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>discharge - 3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.02</p>
|
|
<p>(0.84 to 1.24)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">900 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 144 fewer to 216 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>132</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.91</p>
|
|
<p>(0.08 to 46.71)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 13 fewer to 640 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>132</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.21</p>
|
|
<p>(0.04 to 1.16)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 99 fewer to 16 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>192</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (days) in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>5.34</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (days) in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.87 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.29 lower to 0.54 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain (VAS)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>132</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 day</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain (vas) in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>3.1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain (vas) in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.38 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.74 lower to 0.98 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 60 fewer to 60 more)<sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>132</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.65</p>
|
|
<p>(0.35 to 1.24)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">262 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>92 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 170 fewer to 63 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 77%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 92%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_5"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the intervention or comparison group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_6"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 87%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_8"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 55%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab18"><div id="ch6.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.81</p>
|
|
<p>(0.61 to 1.06)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">967 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>165 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 338 fewer to 52 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Residual stones (insignificant stone)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 session</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.14</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 6.82)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 33 fewer to 156 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Residual stones (significant stone)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 session</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 3</p>
|
|
<p>(0.9 to 10.01)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>200 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 10 fewer to 901 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 10.11</p>
|
|
<p>(2.48 to 41.23)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>300 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 132 more to 468 more)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (hours)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (hours) in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>12</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (hours) in the SWL group was</p>
|
|
<p>6 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(8.95 to 3.05 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab18_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab18_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab19"><div id="ch6.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>212</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.88</p>
|
|
<p>(0.8 to 0.97)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">943 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>113 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 28 fewer to 189 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>212</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 14.67</p>
|
|
<p>(4.7 to 45.77)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>383 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 104 more to 1000 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>212</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.5</p>
|
|
<p>(1.01 to 6.2)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>85 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 1 more to 296 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>212</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 18 fewer to 18 more)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>212</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.19</p>
|
|
<p>(0.05 to 0.67)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>68 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 26 fewer to 80 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab19_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab19_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab19_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab19_4"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the intervention or comparison group</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab20"><div id="ch6.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL (non-randomised studies)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with URS (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>end of procedure or 1 month</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.06</p>
|
|
<p>(0.91 to 1.23)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">867 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 78 fewer to 199 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>48</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>2 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.98</p>
|
|
<p>(0.76 to 1.27)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">840 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 202 fewer to 227 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>48</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 8.06</p>
|
|
<p>(0.16 to 407.6)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>44 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 67 fewer to 154 more)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.5</p>
|
|
<p>(0.49 to 12.89)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>66 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 22 fewer to 523 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>48</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.45</p>
|
|
<p>(0.36 to 5.79)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 77 fewer to 575 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.29</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.74 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.11 to 0.37 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>48</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.19 lower to 0.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab20_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab20_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab20_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab21"><div id="ch6.tab21" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: URS versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with URS (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38 (43 renal units)</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 month</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.75</p>
|
|
<p>(0.56 to 1)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">955 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>239 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 420 fewer to 0 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.1</p>
|
|
<p>(0.2 to 21.42)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>51 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 37 fewer to 939 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (days) in the PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>2.59</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (days) in the URS/RIRS group was</p>
|
|
<p>1.49 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.35 to 0.63 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.3</p>
|
|
<p>(0.07 to 1.28)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">318 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>223 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 296 fewer to 89 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab21_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab21_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab21_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab22"><div id="ch6.tab22" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 21</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: SWL versus PCNL (non-randomised studies)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with SWL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (3 months)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.87</p>
|
|
<p>(0.72 to 1.04)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1000 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>130 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 280 fewer to 40 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3-5 days post-operatively for PCNL and 2 weeks post-operatively for SWL</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 4</p>
|
|
<p>(1.28 to 12.48)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>375 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 35 more to 1000 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>14.13</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.49 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(10 to 4.98 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.09</p>
|
|
<p>(0.31 to 3.84)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">167 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 115 fewer to 474 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab22_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab22_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab23"><div id="ch6.tab23" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab23_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with standard</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Tubeless (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.12</p>
|
|
<p>(0.95 to 1.33)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">825 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>99 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 41 fewer to 272 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay in the standard group was</p>
|
|
<p>1.07</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay in the tubeless group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.03 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.1 lower to 0.16 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab23_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab23_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab24"><div id="ch6.tab24" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 23</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab24_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with standard</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Tubeless (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>258</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 day - 19 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.01</p>
|
|
<p>(0.91 to 1.12)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">813 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 73 fewer to 98 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>131</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>mean follow up 18-18.92 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.48</p>
|
|
<p>(0.51 to 4.29)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 39 fewer to 260 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>131</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>mean follow up 18-18.92 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.93</p>
|
|
<p>(0.13 to 6.38)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 28 fewer to 172 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>226</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (days) in the standard group was</p>
|
|
<p>4.52</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (days) in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.09 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.62 to 0.56 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>131</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>2 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the standard group was</p>
|
|
<p>6.26</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the tubeless group was</p>
|
|
<p>1.29 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.66 to 0.92 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>163</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>mean follow up 18-18.92 months or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.10</p>
|
|
<p>(0.54 to 2.23)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">142 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 65 fewer to 175 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>131</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>mean follow up 18-18.92 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 6.97</p>
|
|
<p>(0.43 to 112.84)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 20 fewer to 76 more)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab24_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab24_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab24_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 64%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab24_4"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab25"><div id="ch6.tab25" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Supine versus prone position</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab25_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with prone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Supine (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>513</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 day - 1 month</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.96</p>
|
|
<p>(0.89 to 1.03)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">873 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>35 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 96 fewer to 26 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recurrence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>113</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 34 fewer to 34 more)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>122</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 8.34</p>
|
|
<p>(1.63 to 42.76)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>100 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 20 more to 181 more)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>197</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.48</p>
|
|
<p>(0.55 to 4.02)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 27 fewer to 181 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (hours)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>316</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (hours) in the prone group was</p>
|
|
<p>77.3</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (hours) in the supine group was</p>
|
|
<p>12.54 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(32.90 lower to 7.82 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>316</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.14</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01 to 2.18)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 34 fewer to 9 more)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>438</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.81</p>
|
|
<p>(0.54 to 1.21)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">262 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 86 fewer to 39 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab25_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab25_2"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab25_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab25_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 91%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab25_5"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the intervention or comparison groups</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab25_6"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the comparison group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab25_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab26"><div id="ch6.tab26" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Mini versus standard</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab26_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with standard</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Mini PCNL (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>263</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 month or time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1</p>
|
|
<p>(0.93 to 1.07)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">880 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 62 fewer to 62 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>169</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.5</p>
|
|
<p>(0.26 to 8.72)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 10 fewer to 100 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>247</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.92</p>
|
|
<p>(0.37 to 2.31)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 50 fewer to 105 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (days) in the standard group was</p>
|
|
<p>4.1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay (days) in the mini PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.88 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.04 lower to 0.28 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain (1 day)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>169</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 day</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain (1 day) in the standard group was</p>
|
|
<p>3.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain (1 day) in the mini PCNL group was</p>
|
|
<p>0.11 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.33 lower to 0.11 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>150</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2</p>
|
|
<p>(0.19 to 21.59)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 11 fewer to 268 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>266</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.61</p>
|
|
<p>(0.31 to 1.20)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>47 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 83 fewer to 24 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab26_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab26_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab26_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab27"><div id="ch6.tab27" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab27_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with standard</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Tubeless (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>83</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 week to 1 month</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.01</p>
|
|
<p>(0.87 to 1.17)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">933 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 121 fewer to 159 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23</p>
|
|
<p>(1 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1 month</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 5.87</p>
|
|
<p>(0.11 to 305.8)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>77 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 127 fewer to 280 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>time-point not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.5</p>
|
|
<p>(0.1 to 2.53)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 120fewer to 203 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay - Hours</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>83</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay - hours in the standard group was</p>
|
|
<p>58.15 hours</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay - hours in the tubeless group was</p>
|
|
<p>19.17 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(26.47 to 11.88 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 month</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.51</p>
|
|
<p>(0.10 to 2.51)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">300 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>147 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 270 fewer to 453 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab27_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab27_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab27_3"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the comparison group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab27_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of the evidence included an indirect population (downgrade by one increment) or a very indirect population (downgrade by two increments) or the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab28"><div id="ch6.tab28" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Health economic evidence profile: URS versus SWL, in adults with ureteric stones <10mm</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab28_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Limitations</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other comments</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental cost</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental effects</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Uncertainty</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Original NICE analysis [UK]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup>(a)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations<sup>(b)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Cost analysis comparing the total costs of treatment strategies starting with URS or SWL. Includes primary intervention costs, downstream resource use (retreatment and ancillary procedures), and adverse events. Resource use and adverse event probabilities from the clinical review and GC assumptions.</p>
|
|
<p>Three scenarios undertaken because of heterogeneity in data; Scenario 1; Cost comparison using only resource use reported in all trials. Assuming this is the resource use required for everyone to be stone free. Scenario 2; cost comparison using only studies where; everyone was stone free at the end of follow up and that also report initial stone free success. Scenario 3; cost comparison using only studies that report more detail on the success of multiple lines of treatment.</p>
|
|
<p>Scenarios 2 and 3 also have exploratory QALY work as part of sensitivity analyses consisting of threshold analysis on QALYs, and further back-calculating to find QoL difference needed between a stone free and non-stone free person to make URS cost effective, and in scenario 3 there is an exploratory cost utility analysis using assumptions.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Scenario 1: £2,368</p>
|
|
<p>Scenario2: £2,387</p>
|
|
<p>Scenario 3: £1,212</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exploratory QALY work showed that the QoL difference needed between a stone free and non-stone free health state to make URS cost effective was beyond plausible levels. A 2-way sensitivity analysis showed that varying SWL effectiveness and time to further treatments led to some more plausible levels but they were still unlikely to be feasible. The exploratory CUA also still had high ICERs when effectiveness of SWL was varied.</p>
|
|
<p>Various sensitivity analyses were undertaken showing that the magnitude of cost difference between the strategies was sensitive to the probabilities associated with further treatments, the types of procedures these are, the resource use assumptions such as the proportion of patients that have a stent following a URS procedure. In no sensitivity analysis did URS ever become cheaper than SWL.</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: QALY: quality-adjusted life years; QoL: quality of life; URS: ureteroscopy; SWL: shock wave lithotripsy</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab28_1"><p class="no_margin">UK NHS perspective, only a cost comparison not a cost utility analysis.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab28_2"><p class="no_margin">Short time horizon - only the period of the trials so some potential underestimation of resource use if not everyone is stone free at the end of the trials. Some scenarios have limited clinical evidence. QALY work is exploratory so cost effectiveness can only be inferred.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab29"><div id="ch6.tab29" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Results – Scenarios 1, 2 and 3 - total costs per person</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab29_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Strategy</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SCENARIO 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SCENARIO 2</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SCENARIO 3</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">URS</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3,329</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3,252</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3,240</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SWL</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£961</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£865</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2,028</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incremental</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£2,368</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£2,387</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£1,212</b>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab30"><div id="ch6.tab30" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 29</span><span class="title">Scenario 2: SA8 results – varying initial effectiveness of SWL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab30_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RESULTS</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6" colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="background-color:#ffff00;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">EXPLORATORY QALY CALCULATIONS</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial effectiveness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">probability of needing retreatment</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">probability of needing ancillary procedure</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total cost of SWL strategy per pt</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incremental cost (URS - SWL)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ffff00;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">QALY gain needed</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ffff00;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">QoL gain needed (assuming 2 wk time horizon)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ffff00;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effectiveness difference with URS (I.e. proportion that QoL gain applies to)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ffff00;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Difference in QoL needed between a stone free and non stone free person</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Base case value</th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£865</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2,387</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.76</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£947</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2,306</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.00</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.49</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,028</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2,224</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.76</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2,142</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.71</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,192</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2,060</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.57</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,274</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,978</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.99</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,356</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,897</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.09</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.78</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,437</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,815</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.09</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.81</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,519</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,733</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.09</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.03</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,601</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,651</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.38</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" id="hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suggested UK practice values</th><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">40.0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">24.0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">31%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£1,683</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£1,569</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">2.04</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">53.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">3.84</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Red cells in the last column indicate QoL differences that are outside the possible range on the EQ-5D.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab31"><div id="ch6.tab31" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 30</span><span class="title">Scenario 2: 2-way sensitivity analysis varying time to further treatment and initial SWL effectiveness</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab31_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Time to retreatments</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cost difference</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Difference in effectiveness between primary URS and SWL that corresponds to the cost difference</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>2 weeks</i>
|
|
</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>4 weeks</i>
|
|
</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>8 weeks</i>
|
|
</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>12 weeks</i>
|
|
</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>16 weeks</i>
|
|
</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>20 weeks</i>
|
|
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£2,387</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>11.2%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.78</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£2,306</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>15.4%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£2,224</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>19.6%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.48</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£2,142</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>23.8%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£2,060</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>28.0%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.96</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£1,978</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>32.2%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.00</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.00</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.00</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.80</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£1,897</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>36.4%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.68</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£1,815</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>40.6%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.58</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£1,733</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>44.8%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.03</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.50</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£1,651</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>49.0%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>£1,569</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<i>53.2%</i>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:#ff9999;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.38</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Body of the table are the quality of life differences needed between a stone free and non-stone free health state.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Red cells indicate QoL differences that are outside the possible range on the EQ-5D.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab32"><div id="ch6.tab32" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 31</span><span class="title">Intervention costs</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab32_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parameter</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS reference cost description</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cost</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SWL cost (per session)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LB36Z</p>
|
|
<p>Extracorporeal Lithotripsy</p>
|
|
<p>Day case schedule</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£452</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">URS cost</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Elective schedule:</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Weighted average of LB65C, LB65D and LB65E,</p>
|
|
<p>Major Endoscopic, Kidney or Ureter Procedures, 19 years and over.<sup>(a)</sup></p>
|
|
<p>= £2,605</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Day case schedule:</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Weighted average of LB65C, LB65D and LB65E,</p>
|
|
<p>Major Endoscopic, Kidney or Ureter Procedures, 19 years and over.<sup>(a)</sup></p>
|
|
<p>= £1,739</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2,172<sup>(b)</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PCNL</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Weighted average of LB75A, LB75B,</p>
|
|
<p>Percutaneous nephrolithotomy</p>
|
|
<p>Elective schedule<sup>(a)</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5,195</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Source: NHS references costs 2016-17<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref6" rid="ch6.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">SWL: shockwave lithotripsy; URS: Ureteroscopy; PCNL: percutaneous nephrolithotomy.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab32_1"><p class="no_margin">Includes all complication categories, and is weighted by activity with excess bed days incorporated.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab32_2"><p class="no_margin">50% elective and 50% day case cost as was decided by committee to reflect UK practice.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appatab1"><div id="ch6.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 32</span><span class="title">Review protocol: What are the most clinically and cost-effective surgical treatment options for people with renal or ureteric stones?</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Field</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What are the most clinically and cost-effective surgical treatment options for people with renal or ureteric stones?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention review</p>
|
|
<p>A review of health economic evidence related to the same review question was conducted in parallel with this review. For details, see the health economic review protocol for this NICE guideline.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>To find the most effective surgical treatment in people with renal and ureteric stones</p>
|
|
<p>Key issues and questions from the scope:
|
|
<dl id="ch6.l10" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd id="ch6.lt27"><p class="no_top_margin">Surgical intervention for symptomatic renal and ureteric stones
|
|
<dl id="ch6.l11" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.2.</dt><dd id="ch6.lt28"><p class="no_top_margin">What are the most clinically and cost-effective options for surgical treatment of symptomatic renal or ureteric stones?</p></dd></dl></dl></p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd id="ch6.lt29"><p class="no_top_margin">Managing asymptomatic renal and ureteric stones
|
|
<dl id="ch6.l12" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.1.</dt><dd id="ch6.lt30"><p class="no_top_margin">What is the most clinically and cost-effective management (surgical and non-surgical) of asymptomatic renal and ureteric stones?</p></dd></dl></dl></p></dd></dl></dl></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population / disease / condition / issue / domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People (adults, children and young people) with symptomatic and asymptomatic renal or ureteric stones</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s) / exposure(s) / prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL)</p>
|
|
<p>Ureteroscopy (URS) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)</p>
|
|
<p>Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s) / control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compared to:
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l13"><li id="ch6.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>Each other (even within the same intervention)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-surgical treatment conservative treatment</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l14"><li id="ch6.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stone free state (including insignificant residual fragment)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrence</div></li><li id="ch6.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use of healthcare services (including length of stay, readmission, retreatment or ancillary procedure)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kidney function</div></li><li id="ch6.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life (any validated scale)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>Major adverse events (infective complications [sepsis, obstructive pyelonephritis], ureteric injury [ureteral damage, ureteral perforation, ureteral stricture], mortality)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>Minor adverse events (infective complications [UTI, fever, infection], ureteric injury [extravasation, submucosal dissection], haemorrhage [any bleeding, transfusion])</div></li><li id="ch6.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Failure to treat (inaccessible stone, stone not seen/reached)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Important outcomes:
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l15"><li id="ch6.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain (visual analogue scale)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews of RCTs.</p>
|
|
<p>If no RCT evidence is available, search for observational studies□ for children</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l16"><li id="ch6.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bladder stones</div></li><li id="ch6.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>Open surgery for renal (kidney and ureteric) stones</div></li><li id="ch6.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>Laparoscopic nephrolithotomy and pyelolithotomy</div></li><li id="ch6.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-English language studies</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity / subgroup analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Strata:
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l17"><li id="ch6.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>Population
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l18" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adults (≥16 years)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>Children and young people (<16 years)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stone size:
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l19" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div><10 mm</div></li><li id="ch6.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>10-20 mm</div></li><li id="ch6.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>>20 mm</div></li><li id="ch6.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>staghorn</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stone site (not lower/upper pole):
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l20" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>Renal stone</div></li><li id="ch6.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ureteric stone</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
|
Subgroups:
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l21"><li id="ch6.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pregnant women</div></li><li id="ch6.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>Lower/non-lower kidney pole</div></li><li id="ch6.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>Upper/lower ureteric stones</div></li><li id="ch6.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stone composition/hounsfield units</div></li><li id="ch6.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>Obesity /skin-to-stone distance</div></li><li id="ch6.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neuropathic/ cerebral-palsy /immobility</div></li><li id="ch6.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptomatic
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l22" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptomatic</div></li><li id="ch6.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>Asymptomatic</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening / selection / analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies are sifted by title and abstract. Potentially significant publications obtained in full text are then assessed against the inclusion criteria specified in this protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l23"><li id="ch6.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pairwise meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</div></li><li id="ch6.lt67" class="half_rhythm"><div>GRADEpro was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>Endnote for bibliography, citations, sifting and reference management</div></li><li id="ch6.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data extractions performed using EviBase, a platform designed and maintained by the National Guideline Centre (NGC)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Clinical search databases to be used: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library</p>
|
|
<p>Date: all years</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics search databases to be used: Medline, Embase, NHSEED, HTA</p>
|
|
<p>Date: Medline, Embase from 2014</p>
|
|
<p>NHSEED, HTA – all years</p>
|
|
<p>Language: Restrict to English only</p>
|
|
<p>Supplementary search techniques: backward citation searching</p>
|
|
<p>Key papers: Not known</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10033" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10033</a>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch6.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms / duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> of the evidence report.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or H (health economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome / study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
|
|
<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for quantitative analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see the separate Methods report for this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>For details, please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>[Consider exploring publication bias for review questions where it may be more common, such as pharmacological questions, certain disease areas, etc. Describe any steps taken to mitigate against publication bias, such as examining trial registries.]</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>For details, please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>[Explain rationale and alternative methods if not using GRADE approach]</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale / context – what is known</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see the introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the evidence review. The committee was convened by the National Guideline Centre (NGC) and chaired by Andrew Dickinsonin line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Staff from NGC undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the evidence review in collaboration with the committee. For details, please see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding / support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds NGC to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health and social care in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appatab2"><div id="ch6.appa.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 33</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Objectives</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Search criteria</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l24"><li id="ch6.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the individual review protocol above.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant economic study design (cost-utility analysis, coste-ffectiveness analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost-consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li id="ch6.lt72" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt73" class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt74" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Search strategy</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">An economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and an economic study filter – see <a href="#ch6.appg">Appendix G</a>
|
|
<i>[in the Full guideline]</i>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Review strategy</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2002, abstract-only studies and studies from non-OECD countries or the USA will also be excluded.</p>
|
|
<p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in <a href="#ch6.appg">Appendix G</a> of the 2014 NICE guidelines manual.<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref168" rid="ch6.ref168"><sup>168</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l25"><li id="ch6.lt75" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’ then it will be included in the guideline. An economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt76" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then an economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt77" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Where there is discretion</b></p>
|
|
<p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the Committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the Committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to selectively exclude the remaining studies. All studies excluded on the basis of applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation as excluded economic studies in Appendix M.</p>
|
|
<p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p>
|
|
<p><i>Setting:</i>
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l26"><li id="ch6.lt78" class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch6.lt79" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li id="ch6.lt80" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li id="ch6.lt81" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will have been excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
|
|
<i>Economic study type:</i>
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l27"><li id="ch6.lt82" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost-utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch6.lt83" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-consequences analysis).</div></li><li id="ch6.lt84" class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt85" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will have been excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
|
|
<i>Year of analysis:</i>
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l28"><li id="ch6.lt86" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt87" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2002 or later but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly from before 2002 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt88" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2002 will have been excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
|
|
<i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the economic analysis:</i>
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l29"><li id="ch6.lt89" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the economic analysis matches with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline.</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab1"><div id="ch6.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 34</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 21 March 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
|
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
|
<p>Observational studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 21 March 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
|
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
|
<p>Observational studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Cochrane Reviews to 2018 Issue 3 of 12</p>
|
|
<p>CENTRAL to 2018 Issue 2 of 12</p>
|
|
<p>DARE, and NHSEED to 2015 Issue 2 of 4</p>
|
|
<p>HTA to 2016 Issue 4 of 4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab2"><div id="ch6.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp urolithiasis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(nephrolitiasis or nephrolith or nephroliths or urolithias?s or ureterolithias?s).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney* or urinary or ureter* or urethra*) adj3 (stone* or calculi or calculus or calculosis or lithiasis or c?olic*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stone disease*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((calculi or calculus or calcium oxalate or cystine) adj3 (crystal* or stone* or lithiasis)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/7-14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 not 16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/17-23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 not 24</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 25 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Lithotripsy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lithotripsy, Laser/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lithotripsy.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Litholapaxy.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High-Energy Shock Waves/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(shockwave* or shock wave* or sound wave* or soundwave*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HESW.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ESWL.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(electrotherap* or electro therap* or extracorporeal or extra corporeal).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ultra sound* or ultrasound* or ultrasonic* or ultra sonic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Holmium or Ho:YAG).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((fiber or fibre) adj2 laser).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ureteroscopy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ureteroscopes/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ureteroscop*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nephroscop*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">renoscop*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ureterorenoscop* or uretero renoscop*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(nephrolithotom* or nephrostom*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PCNL.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((intrarenal or intra renal) adj2 surger*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RIRS.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/27-48</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 and 49</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/51-57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/59-68</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cohort studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Controlled Before-After Studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Historically Controlled Study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted Time Series Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/70-79</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/81-82</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or 83</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/85-86</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or 87</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or 83 or 87</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">and (58 or 69)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">and 89</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not 90</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab3"><div id="ch6.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp urolithiasis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(nephrolitiasis or nephrolith or nephroliths or urolithias?s or ureterolithias?s).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney* or urinary or ureter* or urethra*) adj3 (stone* or calculi or calculus or calculosis or lithiasis or c?olic*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stone disease*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((calculi or calculus or calcium oxalate or cystine) adj3 (crystal* or stone* or lithiasis)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/7-11</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 not 13</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/14-21</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 not 22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 23 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp lithotripsy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">laser lithotripsy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">lithotripsy.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">litholapaxy.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(shockwave* or shock wave* or sound wave* or soundwave*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HESW.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ESWL.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(electrotherap* or electro therap* or extracorporeal or extra corporeal).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ultrasonic lithotripsy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ultra sound* or ultrasound* or ultrasonic* or ultra sonic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Holmium or Ho:YAG).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((fiber or fibre) adj2 laser).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ureteroscopy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ureteroscope/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ureteroscop*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nephroscop*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">renoscop*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ureterorenoscop* or uretero renoscop*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(nephrolithotom* or nephrostom*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PCNL.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((intrarenal or intra renal) adj2 surger*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RIRS.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25-46</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/49-57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/59-68</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">follow-up/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77 and 78</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/70-76,79-83</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/85-86</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84 or 87</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cross-sectional study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/89-90</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84 or 91</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84 or 87 or 91</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58 or 69</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 and 94</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 and 93</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96 not 95</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab4"><div id="ch6.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Urolithiasis] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(nephrolitiasis or nephrolith or nephroliths or urolithias?s or ureterolithias?s):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney* or urinary or ureter* or urethra*) near/3 (stone* or calculi or calculus or calculosis or lithiasis or c?olic*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stone disease*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((calculi or calculus or calcium oxalate or cystine) near/3 (crystal* or stone* or lithiasis)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #1-#5)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Lithotripsy] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Lithotripsy, Laser] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lithotripsy:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Litholapaxy:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [High-Energy Shock Waves] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(shockwave* or shock wave* or sound wave* or soundwave*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HESW:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ESWL:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(electrotherap* or electro therap* or extracorporeal or extra corporeal):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ultra sound* or ultrasound* or ultrasonic* or ultra sonic*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Holmium or Ho YAG):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((fiber or fibre) near/2 laser):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Ureteroscopy] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Ureteroscopes] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ureteroscop*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nephroscop*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Renoscop:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ureterorenoscop* or uretero renoscop*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(nephrolithotom* or nephrostom*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PCNL:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(intrarenal or intra renal) near/2 surger*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RIRS:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #7-#28)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6 and #29</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab5"><div id="ch6.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 35</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>For health economics (line 64): 2014 – 9 March 2018</p>
|
|
<p>For quality of life (line 65): 1946 – 9 March 2018</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
<p>Quality of life studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>For health economics (line 61): 2014 – 9 March 2018</p>
|
|
<p>For quality of life (line 62): 1974 – 9 March 2018</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
<p>Quality of life studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>HTA - Inception – 9 March 2018</p>
|
|
<p>NHSEED - Inception to March 2015</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab6"><div id="ch6.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp urolithiasis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(nephrolitiasis or nephrolith or nephroliths or urolithias?s or ureterolithias?s).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney* or urinary or ureter* or urethra*) adj3 (stone* or calculi or calculus or calculosis or lithiasis or c?olic*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stone disease*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((calculi or calculus or calcium oxalate or cystine) adj3 (crystal* or stone* or lithiasis)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/7-14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 not 16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/17-23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 not 24</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 25 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/27-42</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality-adjusted life years/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(quality adj2 (wellbeing or well being)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disability adjusted life.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qal* or qtime* or qwb* or daly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or eq5d* or eq 5*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol* or hql* or hqol* or h qol* or hrqol* or hr qol*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health utility* or utility score* or disutilit* or utility value*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health* year* equivalent* or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete choice*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(willingness to pay or time tradeoff or time trade off or tto or standard gamble*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36* or sf 36* or short form 36* or shortform 36* or shortform36*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12* or sf 12* or short form 12* or shortform 12* or shortform12*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8* or sf 8* or short form 8* or shortform 8* or shortform8*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6* or sf 6* or short form 6* or shortform 6* or shortform6*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/44-62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 and 43</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 and 63</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab7"><div id="ch6.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp urolithiasis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(nephrolitiasis or nephrolith or nephroliths or urolithias?s or ureterolithias?s).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney* or urinary or ureter* or urethra*) adj3 (stone* or calculi or calculus or calculosis or lithiasis or c?olic*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stone disease*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((calculi or calculus or calcium oxalate or cystine) adj3 (crystal* or stone* or lithiasis)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/7-11</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 not 13</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/14-21</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 not 22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 23 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25-37</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality adjusted life year/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“quality of life index”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">short form 12/ or short form 20/ or short form 36/ or short form 8/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(quality adj2 (wellbeing or well being)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disability adjusted life.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qal* or qtime* or qwb* or daly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or eq5d* or eq 5*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol* or hql* or hqol* or h qol* or hrqol* or hr qol*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health utility* or utility score* or disutilit* or utility value*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health* year* equivalent* or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete choice*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(willingness to pay or time tradeoff or time trade off or tto or standard gamble*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36* or sf 36* or short form 36* or shortform 36* or shortform36*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12* or sf 12* or short form 12* or shortform 12* or shortform12*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8* or sf 8* or short form 8* or shortform 8* or shortform8*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6* or sf 6* or short form 6* or shortform 6* or shortform6*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/39-59</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 38</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 60</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab8"><div id="ch6.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR urolithiasis EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((nephrolitiasis or nephrolith or urolithiasis)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((((renal or kidney or urinary or ureteric or ureteral or ureter or urethra*) adj2 (stone* or calculi or calculus or calculosis or lithiasis or colic))))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((stone disease*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((((calculi or calculus) adj2 (stone* or lithiasis))))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appcfig1"><div id="ch6.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20What%20are%20the%20most%20clinically%20and%20cost%20effective%20surgical%20treatment%20options%20for%20people%20with%20renal%20or%20ureteric%20stones%3F&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of What are the most clinically and cost effective surgical treatment options for people with renal or ureteric stones?" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of What are the most clinically and cost effective surgical treatment options for people with renal or ureteric stones?</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig1"><div id="ch6.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Stone%20free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Stone free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Stone free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Hendrikx 1999, 3 months; Kumar 2015A, 3 months; Pearle 2001, 3 months; Salem 2009, 2 weeks; Sarica 2017, 4 weeks; Verze 2010, 3 months; Zhang 2011, 2 weeks</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig2"><div id="ch6.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig3"><div id="ch6.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig4"><div id="ch6.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Readmission%20to%20hospital.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Readmission to hospital." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Readmission to hospital</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig5"><div id="ch6.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(days).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Length of hospital stay (days)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (days)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig6"><div id="ch6.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Pain%20(VAS%2C%200-10%3B%204%20weeks).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Pain (VAS, 0-10; 4 weeks)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Pain (VAS, 0-10; 4 weeks)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig7"><div id="ch6.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Quality%20of%20Life%20(EQ-5D%20mean%20index%2C%200-1%3B%20EQ-5D%20VAS%2C%200-100%3B%204%20weeks).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Quality of Life (EQ-5D mean index, 0-1; EQ-5D VAS, 0-100; 4 weeks)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Quality of Life (EQ-5D mean index, 0-1; EQ-5D VAS, 0-100; 4 weeks)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig8"><div id="ch6.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig9"><div id="ch6.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig10"><div id="ch6.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Failed%20technology.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Failed technology." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Failed technology</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig11"><div id="ch6.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Stone%20free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Stone free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Stone free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Zhang 2009: surgery = SWL; conservative treatment = 97 nifedipine, 102 tamsulosin</p><p>Time point: 4 months</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig12"><div id="ch6.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Stone%20free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef12.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Stone free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Stone free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Imran 2017, 4 weeks; Islam 2012, 3 months; Kumar 2015A, 3 months; Lee 2006, 1 session; Lopes Neto 2012, 4 weeks; Manzoor 2013, 1 week; Mehrabi 2016, 2 weeks; Ozturk 2013, 3 months; Rabani 2012, 4 weeks; Salem 2009, 2 weeks; Verze 2010, 3 months; Wazir 2015, 2 weeks; Zeng 2002, 4 weeks</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig13"><div id="ch6.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2014.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef13.jpg" alt="Figure 14. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 14</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig14"><div id="ch6.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2015.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef14.jpg" alt="Figure 15. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 15</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig15"><div id="ch6.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2016.%20Readmission%20to%20hospital.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef15.jpg" alt="Figure 16. Readmission to hospital." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 16</span><span class="title">Readmission to hospital</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig16"><div id="ch6.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2017.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(hours).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef16.jpg" alt="Figure 17. Length of hospital stay (hours)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 17</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (hours)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig17"><div id="ch6.appe.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2018.%20Pain%20(VAS%2C%200-10).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef17.jpg" alt="Figure 18. Pain (VAS, 0-10)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 18</span><span class="title">Pain (VAS, 0-10)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig18"><div id="ch6.appe.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2019.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef18.jpg" alt="Figure 19. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 19</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig19"><div id="ch6.appe.fig19" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2020.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef19.jpg" alt="Figure 20. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 20</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig20"><div id="ch6.appe.fig20" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2021.%20Failed%20technology.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef20.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef20.jpg" alt="Figure 21. Failed technology." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 21</span><span class="title">Failed technology</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig21"><div id="ch6.appe.fig21" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2022.%20Stone%20free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef21.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef21.jpg" alt="Figure 22. Stone free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 22</span><span class="title">Stone free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: 3-4 weeks</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig22"><div id="ch6.appe.fig22" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2023.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef22.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef22.jpg" alt="Figure 23. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 23</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig23"><div id="ch6.appe.fig23" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2024.%20Ancillary%20procedure.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef23.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef23.jpg" alt="Figure 24. Ancillary procedure." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 24</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedure</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig24"><div id="ch6.appe.fig24" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2025.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(days).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef24.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef24.jpg" alt="Figure 25. Length of hospital stay (days)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 25</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (days)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig25"><div id="ch6.appe.fig25" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2026.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef25.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef25.jpg" alt="Figure 26. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 26</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig26"><div id="ch6.appe.fig26" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2027.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef26.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef26.jpg" alt="Figure 27. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 27</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig27"><div id="ch6.appe.fig27" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2028.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef27.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef27.jpg" alt="Figure 28. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 28</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: mean 6-8 months</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig28"><div id="ch6.appe.fig28" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2029.%20Retreatment%20rate.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef28.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef28.jpg" alt="Figure 29. Retreatment rate." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 29</span><span class="title">Retreatment rate</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig29"><div id="ch6.appe.fig29" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2030.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef29.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef29.jpg" alt="Figure 30. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 30</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig30"><div id="ch6.appe.fig30" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2031.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef30.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef30.jpg" alt="Figure 31. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 31</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: 3 months</p><p>Sener 2015: asymptomatic population</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig31"><div id="ch6.appe.fig31" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2032.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef31.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef31.jpg" alt="Figure 32. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 32</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Sener 2015: asymptomatic population</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig32"><div id="ch6.appe.fig32" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2033.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef32.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef32.jpg" alt="Figure 33. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 33</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Sener 2015: asymptomatic population</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig33"><div id="ch6.appe.fig33" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2034.%20Readmission.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef33.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef33.jpg" alt="Figure 34. Readmission." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 34</span><span class="title">Readmission</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig34"><div id="ch6.appe.fig34" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2035.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef34.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef34.jpg" alt="Figure 35. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 35</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Sener 2015: asymptomatic population</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig35"><div id="ch6.appe.fig35" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2036.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef35.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef35.jpg" alt="Figure 36. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 36</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Sener 2015: asymptomatic population</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig36"><div id="ch6.appe.fig36" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2037.%20Failed%20technology.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef36.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef36.jpg" alt="Figure 37. Failed technology." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 37</span><span class="title">Failed technology</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig37"><div id="ch6.appe.fig37" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2038.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef37.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef37.jpg" alt="Figure 38. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 38</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: 3 months</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig38"><div id="ch6.appe.fig38" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2039.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef38.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef38.jpg" alt="Figure 39. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 39</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig39"><div id="ch6.appe.fig39" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2040.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef39.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef39.jpg" alt="Figure 40. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 40</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig40"><div id="ch6.appe.fig40" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2041.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef40.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef40.jpg" alt="Figure 41. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 41</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Keeley 2001: surgery = SWL; Sener 2015: surgery = 50 SWL, 50 URS</p><p>Time-point: Keeley 2001. Mean 2.2 years; Sener 2015, 3 months</p><p>Population: asymptomatic</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig41"><div id="ch6.appe.fig41" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2042.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef41.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef41.jpg" alt="Figure 42. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 42</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Surgery: 50 SWL, 50 URS; population: asymptomatic</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig42"><div id="ch6.appe.fig42" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2043.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef42.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef42.jpg" alt="Figure 43. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 43</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Javanmard 2015, 3 months; Javanmard 2016, 3 months; Kumar 2015B, 3 months; Kumar 2015C, 3 months; Singh 2014, 4 weeks</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig43"><div id="ch6.appe.fig43" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2044.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef43.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef43.jpg" alt="Figure 44. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 44</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig44"><div id="ch6.appe.fig44" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2045.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef44.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef44.jpg" alt="Figure 45. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 45</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig45"><div id="ch6.appe.fig45" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2046.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(hours).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef45.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef45.jpg" alt="Figure 46. Length of hospital stay (hours)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 46</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (hours)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig46"><div id="ch6.appe.fig46" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2047.%20Pain%20(VAS%2C%200-10%3B%201%20day).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef46.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef46.jpg" alt="Figure 47. Pain (VAS, 0-10; 1 day)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 47</span><span class="title">Pain (VAS, 0-10; 1 day)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig47"><div id="ch6.appe.fig47" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2048.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef47.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef47.jpg" alt="Figure 48. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 48</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig48"><div id="ch6.appe.fig48" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2049.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef48.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef48.jpg" alt="Figure 49. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 49</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig49"><div id="ch6.appe.fig49" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2050.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef49.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef49.jpg" alt="Figure 50. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 50</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Albala 2001, 3 months; Carlsson 1992, 4 weeks; Deem 2011, 3 months, Kumar 2015C, 3 months; Wankhade 2014, 3 months; Yuruk 2010, 3 months</p><p>Yuruk 2010: asymptomatic population</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig50"><div id="ch6.appe.fig50" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2051.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef50.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef50.jpg" alt="Figure 51. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 51</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Yuruk 2010: asymptomatic population</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig51"><div id="ch6.appe.fig51" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2052.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef51.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef51.jpg" alt="Figure 52. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 52</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Yuruk 2010: asymptomatic population</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig52"><div id="ch6.appe.fig52" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2053.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef52.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef52.jpg" alt="Figure 53. Length of hospital stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 53</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig53"><div id="ch6.appe.fig53" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2054.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef53.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef53.jpg" alt="Figure 54. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 54</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig54"><div id="ch6.appe.fig54" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2055.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef54.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef54.jpg" alt="Figure 55. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 55</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Yuruk 2010: asymptomatic population</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig55"><div id="ch6.appe.fig55" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2056.%20Quality%20of%20life%20(SF-36%3B%203%20months).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef55.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef55.jpg" alt="Figure 56. Quality of life (SF-36; 3 months)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 56</span><span class="title">Quality of life (SF-36; 3 months)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig56"><div id="ch6.appe.fig56" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2057.%20Stone%20free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef56.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef56.jpg" alt="Figure 57. Stone free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 57</span><span class="title">Stone free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Demirbas 2016, 1 month; Fayad 2017, Kumar 2015C, Li 2017, Sabnis 2013, 3 months</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig57"><div id="ch6.appe.fig57" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2058.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef57.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef57.jpg" alt="Figure 58. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 58</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig58"><div id="ch6.appe.fig58" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2059.%20Recurrence.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef58.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef58.jpg" alt="Figure 59. Recurrence." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 59</span><span class="title">Recurrence</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig59"><div id="ch6.appe.fig59" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2060.%20Ancillary%20procedure.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef59.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef59.jpg" alt="Figure 60. Ancillary procedure." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 60</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedure</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig60"><div id="ch6.appe.fig60" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2061.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(days).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef60.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef60.jpg" alt="Figure 61. Length of hospital stay (days)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 61</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (days)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig61"><div id="ch6.appe.fig61" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2062.%20Pain%20(VAS%2C%201-10%3B%206%20hours%20post-operatively).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef61.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef61.jpg" alt="Figure 62. Pain (VAS, 1-10; 6 hours post-operatively)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 62</span><span class="title">Pain (VAS, 1-10; 6 hours post-operatively)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig62"><div id="ch6.appe.fig62" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2063.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef62.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef62.jpg" alt="Figure 63. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 63</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig63"><div id="ch6.appe.fig63" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2064.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef63.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef63.jpg" alt="Figure 64. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 64</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig64"><div id="ch6.appe.fig64" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2065.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef64.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef64.jpg" alt="Figure 65. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 65</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p><i>Surgery group: 31 received PCNL, 31 received SWL;</i> a<i>symptomatic population</i></p><p>Time-point: 3 months</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig65"><div id="ch6.appe.fig65" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2066.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef65.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef65.jpg" alt="Figure 66. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 66</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3><div class="caption"><p><i>Surgery group: 31 received PCNL, 31 received SWL;</i> a<i>symptomatic population</i></p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig66"><div id="ch6.appe.fig66" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2067.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef66.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef66.jpg" alt="Figure 67. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 67</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: 3 months</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig67"><div id="ch6.appe.fig67" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2068.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef67.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef67.jpg" alt="Figure 68. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 68</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig68"><div id="ch6.appe.fig68" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2069.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef68.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef68.jpg" alt="Figure 69. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 69</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig69"><div id="ch6.appe.fig69" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2070.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef69.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef69.jpg" alt="Figure 70. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 70</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Bryniarski 2012, 3 weeks; Karakoyunlu 2017, at discharge; Lee 2015; 3 months</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig70"><div id="ch6.appe.fig70" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2071.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef70.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef70.jpg" alt="Figure 71. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 71</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig71"><div id="ch6.appe.fig71" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2072.%20Ancillary%20procedure.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef71.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef71.jpg" alt="Figure 72. Ancillary procedure." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 72</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedure</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig72"><div id="ch6.appe.fig72" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2073.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(days).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef72.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef72.jpg" alt="Figure 73. Length of hospital stay (days)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 73</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (days)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig73"><div id="ch6.appe.fig73" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2074.%20Pain%20(VAS%3B%201%20day).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef73.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef73.jpg" alt="Figure 74. Pain (VAS; 1 day)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 74</span><span class="title">Pain (VAS; 1 day)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig74"><div id="ch6.appe.fig74" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2075.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef74.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef74.jpg" alt="Figure 75. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 75</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig75"><div id="ch6.appe.fig75" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2076.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef75.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef75.jpg" alt="Figure 76. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 76</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig76"><div id="ch6.appe.fig76" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2077.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef76.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef76.jpg" alt="Figure 77. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 77</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: 3 months</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig77"><div id="ch6.appe.fig77" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2078.%20Residual%20stones%20%02013%20after%201%20session%20(significant%20residual%20stone%20%3E3mm).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef77.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef77.jpg" alt="Figure 78. Residual stones – after 1 session (significant residual stone >3mm)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 78</span><span class="title">Residual stones – after 1 session (significant residual stone >3mm)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig78"><div id="ch6.appe.fig78" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2079.%20Residual%20stones%20%02013%20after%201%20session%20(insignificant%20residual%20stone%20%3C3mm).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef78.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef78.jpg" alt="Figure 79. Residual stones – after 1 session (insignificant residual stone <3mm)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 79</span><span class="title">Residual stones – after 1 session (insignificant residual stone <3mm)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig79"><div id="ch6.appe.fig79" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2080.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef79.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef79.jpg" alt="Figure 80. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 80</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig80"><div id="ch6.appe.fig80" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2081.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(hours).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef80.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef80.jpg" alt="Figure 81. Length of hospital stay (hours)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 81</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (hours)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig81"><div id="ch6.appe.fig81" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2082.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef81.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef81.jpg" alt="Figure 82. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 82</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: 3 months</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig82"><div id="ch6.appe.fig82" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2083.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef82.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef82.jpg" alt="Figure 83. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 83</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig83"><div id="ch6.appe.fig83" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2084.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef83.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef83.jpg" alt="Figure 84. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 84</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig84"><div id="ch6.appe.fig84" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2085.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef84.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef84.jpg" alt="Figure 85. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 85</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig85"><div id="ch6.appe.fig85" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2086.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef85.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef85.jpg" alt="Figure 86. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 86</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig86"><div id="ch6.appe.fig86" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2087.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef86.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef86.jpg" alt="Figure 87. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 87</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig87"><div id="ch6.appe.fig87" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2088.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef87.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef87.jpg" alt="Figure 88. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 88</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig88"><div id="ch6.appe.fig88" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2089.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef88.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef88.jpg" alt="Figure 89. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 89</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig89"><div id="ch6.appe.fig89" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2090.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef89.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef89.jpg" alt="Figure 90. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 90</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig90"><div id="ch6.appe.fig90" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2091.%20Stone%20free%20state%20(by%20renal%20unit).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef90.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef90.jpg" alt="Figure 91. Stone free state (by renal unit)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 91</span><span class="title">Stone free state (by renal unit)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: 1 month</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig91"><div id="ch6.appe.fig91" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2092.%20Retreatment%20(by%20renal%20unit).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef91.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef91.jpg" alt="Figure 92. Retreatment (by renal unit)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 92</span><span class="title">Retreatment (by renal unit)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig92"><div id="ch6.appe.fig92" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2093.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(days)%20(by%20renal%20unit).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef92.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef92.jpg" alt="Figure 93. Length of hospital stay (days) (by renal unit)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 93</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (days) (by renal unit)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig93"><div id="ch6.appe.fig93" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2094.%20Minor%20adverse%20events%20(by%20renal%20unit).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef93.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef93.jpg" alt="Figure 94. Minor adverse events (by renal unit)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 94</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events (by renal unit)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig94"><div id="ch6.appe.fig94" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2095.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef94.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef94.jpg" alt="Figure 95. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 95</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig95"><div id="ch6.appe.fig95" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2096.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef95.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef95.jpg" alt="Figure 96. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 96</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig96"><div id="ch6.appe.fig96" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2097.%20Length%20of%20stay%20(days).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef96.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef96.jpg" alt="Figure 97. Length of stay (days)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 97</span><span class="title">Length of stay (days)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig97"><div id="ch6.appe.fig97" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2098.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef97.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef97.jpg" alt="Figure 98. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 98</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig98"><div id="ch6.appe.fig98" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2099.%20Stone%20free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef98.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef98.jpg" alt="Figure 99. Stone free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 99</span><span class="title">Stone free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Sabaey 2016, not reported</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig99"><div id="ch6.appe.fig99" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20100.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(days).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef99.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef99.jpg" alt="Figure 100. Length of hospital stay (days)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 100</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (days)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig100"><div id="ch6.appe.fig100" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20101.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef100.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef100.jpg" alt="Figure 101. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 101</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Chang 2011, mean 18-19 months; Jun-Ou 2010, 1 day; Lu 2013, 2 weeks</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig101"><div id="ch6.appe.fig101" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20102.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef101.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef101.jpg" alt="Figure 102. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 102</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig102"><div id="ch6.appe.fig102" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20103.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef102.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef102.jpg" alt="Figure 103. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 103</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig103"><div id="ch6.appe.fig103" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20104.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(days).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef103.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef103.jpg" alt="Figure 104. Length of hospital stay (days)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 104</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (days)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig104"><div id="ch6.appe.fig104" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20105.%20Pain%20(1-2%20days).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef104.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef104.jpg" alt="Figure 105. Pain (1-2 days)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 105</span><span class="title">Pain (1-2 days)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig105"><div id="ch6.appe.fig105" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20106.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef105.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef105.jpg" alt="Figure 106. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 106</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig106"><div id="ch6.appe.fig106" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20107.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef106.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef106.jpg" alt="Figure 107. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 107</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig107"><div id="ch6.appe.fig107" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20108.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef107.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef107.jpg" alt="Figure 108. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 108</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Al-Dessoukey 2014 1 day; Falahatkar 2011, 2 weeks; Falahatkar 2008, 1 day; Sio 2008, 1 month; Wang 2013, not reported</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig108"><div id="ch6.appe.fig108" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20109.%20Recurrence.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef108.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef108.jpg" alt="Figure 109. Recurrence." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 109</span><span class="title">Recurrence</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig109"><div id="ch6.appe.fig109" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20110.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef109.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef109.jpg" alt="Figure 110. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 110</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig110"><div id="ch6.appe.fig110" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20111.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef110.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef110.jpg" alt="Figure 111. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 111</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig111"><div id="ch6.appe.fig111" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20112.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(hours).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef111.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef111.jpg" alt="Figure 112. Length of hospital stay (hours)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 112</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (hours)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig112"><div id="ch6.appe.fig112" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20113.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef112.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef112.jpg" alt="Figure 113. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 113</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig113"><div id="ch6.appe.fig113" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20114.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef113.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef113.jpg" alt="Figure 114. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 114</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig114"><div id="ch6.appe.fig114" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20115.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef114.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef114.jpg" alt="Figure 115. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 115</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Feng 2001, not reported; Karakan 2017, 1 month; Sakr 2017, 1 month</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig115"><div id="ch6.appe.fig115" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20116.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef115.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef115.jpg" alt="Figure 116. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 116</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig116"><div id="ch6.appe.fig116" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20117.%20Ancillary%20procedues.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef116.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef116.jpg" alt="Figure 117. Ancillary procedues." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 117</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedues</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig117"><div id="ch6.appe.fig117" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20118.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay%20(days).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef117.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef117.jpg" alt="Figure 118. Length of hospital stay (days)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 118</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay (days)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig118"><div id="ch6.appe.fig118" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20119.%20Pain%20(1%20day).&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef118.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef118.jpg" alt="Figure 119. Pain (1 day)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 119</span><span class="title">Pain (1 day)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig119"><div id="ch6.appe.fig119" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20120.%20Major%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef119.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef119.jpg" alt="Figure 120. Major adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 120</span><span class="title">Major adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig120"><div id="ch6.appe.fig120" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20121.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef120.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef120.jpg" alt="Figure 121. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 121</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig121"><div id="ch6.appe.fig121" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20122.%20Stone-free%20state.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef121.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef121.jpg" alt="Figure 122. Stone-free state." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 122</span><span class="title">Stone-free state</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Time-point: Aghamir 2012, 1 month; Samad 2012, 1 week</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig122"><div id="ch6.appe.fig122" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20123.%20Retreatment.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef122.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef122.jpg" alt="Figure 123. Retreatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 123</span><span class="title">Retreatment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig123"><div id="ch6.appe.fig123" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20124.%20Ancillary%20procedures.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef123.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef123.jpg" alt="Figure 124. Ancillary procedures." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 124</span><span class="title">Ancillary procedures</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig124"><div id="ch6.appe.fig124" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20125.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef124.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef124.jpg" alt="Figure 125. Length of hospital stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 125</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig125"><div id="ch6.appe.fig125" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20126.%20Minor%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appef125.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appef125.jpg" alt="Figure 126. Minor adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 126</span><span class="title">Minor adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab1"><div id="ch6.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 36</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: SWL versus URS/</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 2 weeks - 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>476/569</p>
|
|
<p>(83.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">92.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.9 (0.8 to 0.99)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">93 fewer per 1000 (from 9 fewer to 186 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up 2 weeks - 3 months or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>71/540</p>
|
|
<p>(13.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.01 (1.39 to 18.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">116 more per 1000 (from 11 more to 494 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up 2-4 weeks or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50/471</p>
|
|
<p>(10.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.29 (0.71 to 7.4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">53 more per 1000 (from 12 fewer to 262 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life - EQ-5D mean index (follow-up 4 weeks; range of scores: 0-1; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 lower (0.15 to 0.05 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life - EQ-5D VAS value (follow-up 4 weeks; range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 11.5 lower (15.95 to 7.05 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/511</p>
|
|
<p>(1.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.29 to 1.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7 fewer per 1000 (from 14 fewer to 10 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/326</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.15 (0.05 to 0.47)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48 fewer per 1000 (from 29 fewer to 54 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Failed technology (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/326</p>
|
|
<p>(0.31%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.27 (0.06 to 1.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17 fewer per 1000 (from 22 fewer to 5 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain (range of scores: 0-10; Better indicated by lower values) (follow-up 4 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.6 higher (0.29 to 2.92 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Readmission to hospital (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/32</p>
|
|
<p>(6.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.50 (0.10 to 2.54)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">62 fewer per 1000 (from 112 fewer to 192 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (follow-up days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.20 lower (3.09 to 1.31 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 85%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 62%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 72%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_6"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the intervention or comparison group</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab2"><div id="ch6.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 37</span><span class="title">Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Non-surgical treatment</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 4 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>91/104</p>
|
|
<p>(87.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.23 (1.1 to 1.39)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">163 more per 1000 (from 71 more to 277 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab3"><div id="ch6.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 38</span><span class="title">SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 1 session - 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>609/902</p>
|
|
<p>(67.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">85.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.85 (0.79 to 0.92)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">128 fewer per 1000 (from 68 fewer to 179 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up 1 week to 3 months or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>241/706</p>
|
|
<p>(34.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.43 (3.39 to 5.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">298 more per 1000 (from 208 more to 417 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures - Lower ureteric (follow-up 1-4 weeks or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>25/136</p>
|
|
<p>(18.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.12 (1.11 to 4.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">97 more per 1000 (from 10 more to 265 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures - Upper ureteric (follow-up 1-4 weeks or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>77/330</p>
|
|
<p>(23.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.12 (0.85 to 1.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30 more per 1000 (from 38 fewer to 122 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Readmission (follow-up 2 weeks) (follow-up 2 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/100</p>
|
|
<p>(2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 7.46 (0.46 to 120.17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay - Hours (Better indicated by lower values) (follow-up hours)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 25.84 lower (32.64 to 19.05 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain VAS (range of scores: 0-10; Better indicated by lower values) (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.69 lower (1.82 lower to 0.44 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (follow-up 3 months or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/503</p>
|
|
<p>(4.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.63 (0.14 to 2.74)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16 fewer per 1000 (from 37 fewer to 75 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up 1 week to 3 months or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26/787</p>
|
|
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.47 (0.21 to 1.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32 fewer per 1000 (from 48 fewer to 3 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Failed technology (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/14</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 0.15 (0.00 to 7.80)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">53 fewer per 1000 (from 63 fewer to 281 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=50%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=89%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=86%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_6"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the comparison group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=60%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_8"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_9"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=53%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab4"><div id="ch6.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 39</span><span class="title">URS versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 3-4 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>229/268</p>
|
|
<p>(85.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.89 (0.8 to 0.99)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">110 fewer per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 200 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/79</p>
|
|
<p>(13.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.57 (0.66 to 3.72)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40 more per 1000 (from 24 fewer to 190 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedure (follow-up 3 days or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>62/220</p>
|
|
<p>(28.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.3 (1.36 to 13.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">162 more per 1000 (from 18 more to 618 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">235</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">235</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.24 lower (3.95 to 2.53 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (4 weeks or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/220</p>
|
|
<p>(3.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 8.31 (2.04 to 33.9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (4 weeks or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>32/218</p>
|
|
<p>(14.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.95 (0.31 to 2.94)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6 fewer per 1000 (from 81 fewer to 229 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 78%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 58%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_5"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the intervention or comparison group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2=80%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab5"><div id="ch6.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 40</span><span class="title">SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 6-8 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious indirectness<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/14</p>
|
|
<p>(42.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">94.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.46 (0.25 to 0.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">508 fewer per 1000 (from 151 fewer to 706 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up 6-8 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/14</p>
|
|
<p>(57.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 17.96 (3.66 to 88.1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up 6-8 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/14</p>
|
|
<p>(35.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 6.07 (0.8 to 46.1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">299 more per 1000 (from 12 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the outcome definition reported did not meet definition of outcome in protocol</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab6"><div id="ch6.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 41</span><span class="title">SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>172/201</p>
|
|
<p>(85.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">88.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.95 (0.88 to 1.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44 fewer per 1000 (from 106 fewer to 18 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>47/137</p>
|
|
<p>(34.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.97 (0.98 to 36.42)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">283 more per 1000 (from 1 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/207</p>
|
|
<p>(10.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.39 (1.13 to 5.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">54 more per 1000 (from 5 more to 158 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Readmission (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/32</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.14 (0.01 to 1.39)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">73 fewer per 1000 (from 85 fewer to 30 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/105</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.13 (0.01 to 1.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">26 fewer per 1000 (from 30 fewer to 8 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/207</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.13 (0.04 to 0.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43 fewer per 1000 (from 26 fewer to 48 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Failed technology (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/32</p>
|
|
<p>(3.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.22 (0.03 to 1.77)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">112 fewer per 1000 (from 139 fewer to 110 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 65%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab7"><div id="ch6.appf.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 42</span><span class="title">SWL versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/19</p>
|
|
<p>(63.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.64 (0.45 to 0.9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">360 fewer per 1000 (from 100 fewer to 550 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/22</p>
|
|
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.91 (0.14 to 5.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9 fewer per 1000 (from 86 fewer to 486 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/22</p>
|
|
<p>(13.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.44 (0.73 to 75.95)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab8"><div id="ch6.appf.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 43</span><span class="title">Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Non-surgical</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 3 months - 2.2 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120/201</p>
|
|
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 8.28 (0.09 to 756.16)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">662 more per 1000 (from 83 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/100</p>
|
|
<p>(7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.58 (0.21 to 1.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50 fewer per 1000 (from 95 fewer to 77 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 95%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab9"><div id="ch6.appf.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 44</span><span class="title">SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 1-3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>147/197</p>
|
|
<p>(74.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">89.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.84 (0.74 to 0.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">144 fewer per 1000 (from 36 fewer to 233 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up 3 months or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105/197</p>
|
|
<p>(53.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.96 (3.77 to 9.42)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">471 more per 1000 (from 263 more to 800 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>34/112</p>
|
|
<p>(30.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.02 (0.69 to 5.85)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95 more per 1000 (from 29 fewer to 451 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay - Hours (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 27.09 lower (56.49 lower to 2.31 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain VAS (range of scores: 0-10; Better indicated by lower values) (follow-up 1 day or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.05 higher (3.91 lower to 4.01 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up 3 months or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/162</p>
|
|
<p>(5.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.27 (0.49 to 3.32)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13 more per 1000 (from 25 fewer to 114 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/70</p>
|
|
<p>(2.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.15 to 6.71)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 25 fewer to 166 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 52%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 72%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 99%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 98%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab10"><div id="ch6.appf.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 45</span><span class="title">SWL versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 1-3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>130/214</p>
|
|
<p>(60.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">96%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.63 (0.5 to 0.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">355 fewer per 1000 (from 202 fewer to 480 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up 3 months or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>53/118</p>
|
|
<p>(44.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 18.69 (6.07 to 57.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">212 more per 1000 (from 61 more to 679 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up 3 months or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30/184</p>
|
|
<p>(16.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.97 (2.38 to 14.95)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">84 more per 1000 (from 23 more to 237 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - Physical functioning (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.7 higher (6.06 lower to 11.46 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - Physical role (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.5 higher (17.73 lower to 20.73 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - Bodily pain (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 10.1 lower (21.47 lower to 1.27 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - General health (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.7 lower (13.9 lower to 2.5 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - Vitality (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.8 higher (8.57 lower to 10.17 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - Social functioning (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.2 higher (5.32 lower to 15.72 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - Emotional role (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 8 higher (10.87 lower to 26.87 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - Mental health (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.3 lower (9.67 lower to 7.07 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - Total physical (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.8 lower (5.55 lower to 1.95 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - Total mental (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.7 higher (3.85 lower to 5.25 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (SF-36) - Overall health (range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.5 lower (9.51 lower to 6.51 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days) (better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.3 lower (5.45 to 1.15 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/165</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.11 (0.02 to 0.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">62 fewer per 1000 (from 29 fewer to 68 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up 1 day or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/160</p>
|
|
<p>(1.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.53 (0.15 to 1.82)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20 fewer per 1000 (from 36 fewer to 34 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 72%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_4"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the intervention or comparison group</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab11"><div id="ch6.appf.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 46</span><span class="title">URS versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 1-3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>178/211</p>
|
|
<p>(84.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">92.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.98 (0.9 to 1.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">19 fewer per 1000 (from 93 fewer to 56 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recurrence (follow-up 1 year)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/39</p>
|
|
<p>(7.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.63 (0.15 to 2.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">45 fewer per 1000 (from 103 fewer to 197 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/78</p>
|
|
<p>(1.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.58 (0.08 to 4.36)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11 fewer per 1000 (from 25 fewer to 91 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedure (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/78</p>
|
|
<p>(6.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.20 (0.34 to 4.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 34 fewer to 167 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.26 lower (1.65 lower to 1.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain (VAS) (Better indicated by lower values) (follow-up 2-6 hours post-operatively)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1lower (1.64 to 0.36 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/117</p>
|
|
<p>(3.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.45 (0.15 to 1.37)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">23 fewer per 1000 (from 81 fewer to 36 more)<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/211</p>
|
|
<p>(7.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.65 (0.35 to 1.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">26 fewer per 1000 (from 47 fewer to 16 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 81%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab12"><div id="ch6.appf.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 47</span><span class="title">Surgery (URS, SWL or PCNL) versus non-surgical treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Non-surgical</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>47/62</p>
|
|
<p>(75.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 20.09 (8.6 to 46.93)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/62</p>
|
|
<p>(4.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.22 (0.06 to 0.80)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">171 fewer per 1000 (from 44 fewer to 206 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab13"><div id="ch6.appf.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 48</span><span class="title">SWL versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/7</p>
|
|
<p>(14.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">85.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.17 (0.03 to 1.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">711 fewer per 1000 (from 831 fewer to 43 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/9</p>
|
|
<p>(22.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.18 to 5.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 182 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/9</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab14"><div id="ch6.appf.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 49</span><span class="title">URS versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up discharge - 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86/95</p>
|
|
<p>(90.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">90%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.02 (0.84 to 1.24)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18 more per 1000 (from 144 fewer to 216 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/65</p>
|
|
<p>(6.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.91 (0.08 to 46.71)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13 more per 1000 (from 13 fewer to 216 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/65</p>
|
|
<p>(1.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.34 (0.06 to 2.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">81 fewer per 1000 (from 99 fewer to 16 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.87 lower (2.29 lower to 0.54 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain (VAS) (range of scores: 0-10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.38 lower (1.74 lower to 0.98 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/32</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 60 fewer to 60 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/65</p>
|
|
<p>(16.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">26.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.65 (0.35 to 1.24)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">92 fewer per 1000 (from 170 fewer to 63 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 77%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 92%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_5"><p class="no_margin">Could not be calculated as there were no events in the intervention or comparison group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 55%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 87%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab15"><div id="ch6.appf.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 50</span><span class="title">SWL versus URS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/30</p>
|
|
<p>(70%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">86.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.81 (0.61 to 1.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">165 fewer per 1000 (from 338 fewer to 52 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Residual stones (insignificant stone) (follow-up 1 session)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/30</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.14 (0 to 6.82)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28 fewer per 1000 (from 33 fewer to 156 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Residual stones (significant stone) (follow-up 1 session)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/30</p>
|
|
<p>(30%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3 (0.9 to 10.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">200 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 901 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/30</p>
|
|
<p>(30%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 10.11 (2.48 to 41.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (hours) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6 lower (8.95 to 3.05 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab16"><div id="ch6.appf.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 51</span><span class="title">SWL versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>88/106</p>
|
|
<p>(83%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">94.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.88 (0.8 to 0.97)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">113 fewer per 1000 (from 28 fewer to 189 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>44/106</p>
|
|
<p>(41.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 14.67 (4.7 to 45.77)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">383 more per 1000 (from 104 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/106</p>
|
|
<p>(14.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.5 (1.01 to 6.2)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">85 more per 1000 (from 1 more to 296 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/106</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/106</p>
|
|
<p>(0.94%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.19 (0.05 to 0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">68 fewer per 1000 (from 26 fewer to 80 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab17"><div id="ch6.appf.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 52</span><span class="title">URS versus PCNL (non-randomised studies)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up end of procedure or 1 month)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33/36</p>
|
|
<p>(91.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">86.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.06 (0.91 to 1.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">52 more per 1000 (from 78 fewer to 199 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 2 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/23</p>
|
|
<p>(82.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">84%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.98 (0.76 to 1.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17 fewer per 1000 (from 202 fewer to 227 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/36</p>
|
|
<p>(11.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.50 (0.49 to 12.89)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">66 more per 1000 (from 22 fewer to 523 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/23</p>
|
|
<p>(17.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.45 (0.36 to 5.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">54 more per 1000 (from 77 fewer to 575 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values) (days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.74 lower (1.11 to 0.37 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values) (days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 higher (0.19 lower to 0.39 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (sepsis) (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/23</p>
|
|
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 8.06 (0.16 to 407.6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44 more per 1000 (from 67 fewer to 154 more)<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab17_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab18"><div id="ch6.appf.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 53</span><span class="title">URS versus PCNL</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">URS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 1 month)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/21</p>
|
|
<p>(71.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.75 (0.56 to 1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">239 fewer per 1000 (from 420 fewer to 0 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/21</p>
|
|
<p>(9.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.1 (0.2 to 21.42)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51 more per 1000 (from 37 fewer to 939 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.49 lower (2.35 to 0.63 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/21</p>
|
|
<p>(9.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.3 (0.07 to 1.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">223 fewer per 1000 (from 296 fewer to 89 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab18_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab19"><div id="ch6.appf.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 54</span><span class="title">SWL versus PCNL (non-randomised studies)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">SWL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (3 months) (follow-up 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/22</p>
|
|
<p>(86.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.87 (0.72 to 1.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">130 fewer per 1000 (from 280 fewer to 40 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up 3-5 days postoperatively for PCNL and 2 weeks postoperatively for SWL)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/22</p>
|
|
<p>(50%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4 (1.28 to 12.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">375 more per 1000 (from 35 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.49 lower (10 to 4.98 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/22</p>
|
|
<p>(18.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.09 (0.31 to 3.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15 more per 1000 (from 115 fewer to 474 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab20"><div id="ch6.appf.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 55</span><span class="title">PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Tubeless</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Standard</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37/40</p>
|
|
<p>(92.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">82.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.12 (0.95 to 1.33)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">99 more per 1000 (from 41 fewer to 272 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.03 higher (0.1 lower to 0.16 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab20_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab20_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab21"><div id="ch6.appf.tab21" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 56</span><span class="title">PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Tubeless</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Standard</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 1 day - 19 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107/127</p>
|
|
<p>(84.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">81.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.01 (0.91 to 1.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8 more per 1000 (from 73 fewer to 98 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (mean follow-up 18-18.92 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious imprecision<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/68</p>
|
|
<p>(11.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.48 (0.51 to 4.29)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38 more per 1000 (from 39 fewer to 260 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedure (mean follow-up 18-18.92 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious imprecision<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/68</p>
|
|
<p>(2.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.93 (0.13 to 6.38)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2 fewer per 1000 (from 28 fewer to 172 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.09 lower (1.62 to 0.56 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain (follow-up 2 days; range of scores: 0-10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.29 lower (1.66 to 0.92 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (mean follow-up 18-18.92 months or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/84</p>
|
|
<p>(16.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.10 (0.54 to 2.23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14 more per 1000 (from 65 fewer to 175 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (mean follow-up 18-18.92 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/68</p>
|
|
<p>(2.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 6.97 (0.43 to 112.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab21_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab21_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab21_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 64%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab22"><div id="ch6.appf.tab22" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 57</span><span class="title">PCNL: Supine versus prone</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Supine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Prone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 1 day - 1 month)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>214/258</p>
|
|
<p>(82.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">86.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35 fewer per 1000 (from 96 fewer to 26 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recurrence (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/55</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 34 fewer to 34 more)<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/60</p>
|
|
<p>(10%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 8.34 (1.63 to 42.76)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100 more per 1000 (from 20 more to 181 more)<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/99</p>
|
|
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.48 (0.55 to 4.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29 more per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 181 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (hours) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">159</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">157</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 12.54 lower (32.90 lower to 7.82 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/159</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 0.14 (0.01 to 2.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13 fewer per 1000 (from 34 fewer to 9 more)<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33/219</p>
|
|
<p>(15.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.81 (0.54 to 1.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50 fewer per 1000 (from 121 fewer to 55 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab22_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab22_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab22_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference calculated in Review Manager</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab22_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because heterogeneity, I2= 91%, p= > 0.1, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab23"><div id="ch6.appf.tab23" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 58</span><span class="title">PCNL: Mini versus standard</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab23_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Mini PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Standard PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 1 month or time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>119/130</p>
|
|
<p>(91.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">88%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.93 to 1.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 62 fewer to 62 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/84</p>
|
|
<p>(3.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.5 (0.26 to 8.72)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 100 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/122</p>
|
|
<p>(6.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.92 (0.37 to 2.31)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6 fewer per 1000 (from 50 fewer to 105 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days_ (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.88 lower (2.04 lower to 0.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain (1 day) (range of scores: 0-10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.11 lower (0.33 lower to 0.11 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Major adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/75</p>
|
|
<p>(2.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2 (0.19 to 21.59)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13 more per 1000 (from 11 fewer to 268 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/131</p>
|
|
<p>(9.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.61 (0.31 to 1.20)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47 fewer per 1000 (from 83 fewer to 24 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab23_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab23_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab24"><div id="ch6.appf.tab24" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 59</span><span class="title">PCNL: Tubeless versus standard</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appf.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab24_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Tubeless PCNL</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Conventional</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone free state (follow-up 1 week to 1 month)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>39/34</p>
|
|
<p>(90.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">93.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.01 (0.87 to 1.17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9 more per 1000 (from 121 fewer 159 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retreatment (follow-up 1 month)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/13</p>
|
|
<p>(7.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 5.87 (0.11 to 305.8)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay - Hours (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 19.17 lower (26.47 to 11.88 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor adverse events (follow-up 1 month)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/13</p>
|
|
<p>(15.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.51 (0.10 to 2.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">147 fewer per 1000 (from 270 fewer to 453 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ancillary procedures (follow-up time-point not reported)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/30</p>
|
|
<p>(6.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.50 (0.10 to 2.53)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">67 fewer per 1000 (from 120 fewer to 203 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab24_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab24_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appgfig1"><div id="ch6.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20127.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=577652_ch6appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577652/bin/ch6appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 127. Flow chart of economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 127</span><span class="title">Flow chart of economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>* Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appitab1"><div id="ch6.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 60</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdel-Mohsen 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref1" rid="ch6.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aboumarzouk 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref2" rid="ch6.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aghamir 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref3" rid="ch6.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Agrawal 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref6" rid="ch6.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population, stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Agrawal 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref5" rid="ch6.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Agrawal 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref7" rid="ch6.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size and location not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ahmed 2017 <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref8" rid="ch6.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Akar 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref9" rid="ch6.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andankar 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref13" rid="ch6.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anderson 1994<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref14" rid="ch6.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arcaniolo 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref15" rid="ch6.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Azili 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref16" rid="ch6.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bahilo Mateu 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref18" rid="ch6.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bas 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref19" rid="ch6.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bas 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref20" rid="ch6.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Difference in baseline characteristics</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Basiri 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref21" rid="ch6.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Basiri 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref22" rid="ch6.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Basiri 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref24" rid="ch6.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Basiri 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref23" rid="ch6.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bhat 2017 <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref25" rid="ch6.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bhoir 2014 <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref26" rid="ch6.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bilen 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref28" rid="ch6.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bilen 2010 <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref27" rid="ch6.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported; mixed location</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bozkurt 2010 <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref29" rid="ch6.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Breda 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref30" rid="ch6.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caione 2016 <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref33" rid="ch6.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cakiroglu 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref34" rid="ch6.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Celik 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref36" rid="ch6.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ceylan 2017 <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref37" rid="ch6.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design, not randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Charig 1986<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref40" rid="ch6.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2014 <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref41" rid="ch6.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2018<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref42" rid="ch6.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cheng 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref43" rid="ch6.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chiong 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref44" rid="ch6.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Choi 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref45" rid="ch6.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone location not reported, not primary procedure</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Choi 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref46" rid="ch6.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Crook 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref47" rid="ch6.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone location not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cui 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref48" rid="ch6.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Daggulli 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref49" rid="ch6.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Demirci 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref54" rid="ch6.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Desai 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref55" rid="ch6.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No comparison group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Desai 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref56" rid="ch6.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Desoky 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref57" rid="ch6.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not primary procedure</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Donaldson 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref58" rid="ch6.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Drake 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref59" rid="ch6.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dundar 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref60" rid="ch6.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Elderwy 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref62" rid="ch6.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">El-Nahas 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref61" rid="ch6.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No comparison group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Elsheemy 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref63" rid="ch6.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT data exists for this strata</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Elves 2000<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref64" rid="ch6.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No extractable data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falahatkar 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref65" rid="ch6.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falahatkar 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref67" rid="ch6.ref67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed locations</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fang 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref69" rid="ch6.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fayad 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref70" rid="ch6.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fong 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref73" rid="ch6.ref73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Freton 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref74" rid="ch6.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed stone location</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gadzhiev 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref75" rid="ch6.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ganesamoni 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref76" rid="ch6.ref76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gao 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref77" rid="ch6.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gao 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref77" rid="ch6.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gökta 2000<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref78" rid="ch6.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goldberg 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref79" rid="ch6.ref79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guercio 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref82" rid="ch6.ref82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guven 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref84" rid="ch6.ref84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT data exists for this strata</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guven 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref83" rid="ch6.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gücük 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref81" rid="ch6.ref81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison; stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Haghighi 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref85" rid="ch6.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed stone location</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hammad Ather 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref86" rid="ch6.ref86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design, not randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hatipoglu 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref87" rid="ch6.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Differences in baseline characteristics</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hosking 2003<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref89" rid="ch6.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hyams 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref90" rid="ch6.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ishi 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref92" rid="ch6.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ishi 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref93" rid="ch6.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ISRCTN<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref95" rid="ch6.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Citation only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Istanbulluoglu 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref96" rid="ch6.ref96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Izamin 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref97" rid="ch6.ref97"><sup>97</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jee 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref100" rid="ch6.ref100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jiang 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref101" rid="ch6.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref102" rid="ch6.ref102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref103" rid="ch6.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref104" rid="ch6.ref104"><sup>104</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kadyan 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref106" rid="ch6.ref106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kallidonis 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref107" rid="ch6.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kamel 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref108" rid="ch6.ref108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kang 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref109" rid="ch6.ref109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kang 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref110" rid="ch6.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kapoor 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref111" rid="ch6.ref111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No comparison group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kara 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref112" rid="ch6.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karakoc 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref114" rid="ch6.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karami 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref116" rid="ch6.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No extractable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karami 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref117" rid="ch6.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karatag 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref118" rid="ch6.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karlsen 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref119" rid="ch6.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Khalil 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref121" rid="ch6.ref121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kijvikai 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref122" rid="ch6.ref122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kiraç 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref123" rid="ch6.ref123"><sup>123</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Knoll 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref125" rid="ch6.ref125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Knoll 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref124" rid="ch6.ref124"><sup>124</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koo 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref126" rid="ch6.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Korkes 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref127" rid="ch6.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kravchick 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref130" rid="ch6.ref130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref134" rid="ch6.ref134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No comparison group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref133" rid="ch6.ref133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kupeli 1998<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref135" rid="ch6.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lam 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref136" rid="ch6.ref136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design, not randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref137" rid="ch6.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref140" rid="ch6.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref139" rid="ch6.ref139"><sup>139</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Leong 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref142" rid="ch6.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref147" rid="ch6.ref147"><sup>147</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref145" rid="ch6.ref145"><sup>145</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref146" rid="ch6.ref146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref144" rid="ch6.ref144"><sup>144</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed stone location</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lu 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref149" rid="ch6.ref149"><sup>149</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lucarelli 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref151" rid="ch6.ref151"><sup>151</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marchant 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref154" rid="ch6.ref154"><sup>154</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marchant 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref153" rid="ch6.ref153"><sup>153</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size and location not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matlaga 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref155" rid="ch6.ref155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matsuura 1994<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref156" rid="ch6.ref156"><sup>156</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mehrabi 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref157" rid="ch6.ref157"><sup>157</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed stone locations</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Menon 1993<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref159" rid="ch6.ref159"><sup>159</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meretyk 1997<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref160" rid="ch6.ref160"><sup>160</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mi 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref161" rid="ch6.ref161"><sup>161</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mishra 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref162" rid="ch6.ref162"><sup>162</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mishra 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref163" rid="ch6.ref163"><sup>163</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moosanejad 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref165" rid="ch6.ref165"><sup>165</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nabi 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref166" rid="ch6.ref166"><sup>166</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Natarajan 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref167" rid="ch6.ref167"><sup>167</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palmero 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref170" rid="ch6.ref170"><sup>170</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pan 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref171" rid="ch6.ref171"><sup>171</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parker 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref172" rid="ch6.ref172"><sup>172</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pelit 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref175" rid="ch6.ref175"><sup>175</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peschel 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref176" rid="ch6.ref176"><sup>176</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No extractable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preminger 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref177" rid="ch6.ref177"><sup>177</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ravier 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref180" rid="ch6.ref180"><sup>180</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raza 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref181" rid="ch6.ref181"><sup>181</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Differences in baseline characteristics</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Resorlu 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref182" rid="ch6.ref182"><sup>182</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Differences in baseline characteristics</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sabnis 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref185" rid="ch6.ref185"><sup>185</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sarica 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref190" rid="ch6.ref190"><sup>190</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schultz-Lampel 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref192" rid="ch6.ref192"><sup>192</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sen 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref195" rid="ch6.ref195"><sup>195</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size and location not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sen 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref194" rid="ch6.ref194"><sup>194</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design, not randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shao 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref198" rid="ch6.ref198"><sup>198</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sharaf 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref199" rid="ch6.ref199"><sup>199</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review not relevant</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shokeir 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref200" rid="ch6.ref200"><sup>200</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT data exists for this strata</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shoma 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref201" rid="ch6.ref201"><sup>201</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Silay 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref202" rid="ch6.ref202"><sup>202</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design, not comparative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Singh 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref204" rid="ch6.ref204"><sup>204</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sofer 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref206" rid="ch6.ref206"><sup>206</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design, not randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sofikerim 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref207" rid="ch6.ref207"><sup>207</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Song 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref208" rid="ch6.ref208"><sup>208</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Srisubat 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref209" rid="ch6.ref209"><sup>209</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tan 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref210" rid="ch6.ref210"><sup>210</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT data exists for this strata</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tavakkoli Tabasi 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref211" rid="ch6.ref211"><sup>211</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tefekli 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref212" rid="ch6.ref212"><sup>212</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tepeler 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref213" rid="ch6.ref213"><sup>213</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not primary procedure</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tiselius 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref214" rid="ch6.ref214"><sup>214</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tok 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref215" rid="ch6.ref215"><sup>215</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Torricelli 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref216" rid="ch6.ref216"><sup>216</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tugcu 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref217" rid="ch6.ref217"><sup>217</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Uguz 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref218" rid="ch6.ref218"><sup>218</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vilches 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref220" rid="ch6.ref220"><sup>220</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Villarraga 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref12" rid="ch6.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wadhwa 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref221" rid="ch6.ref221"><sup>221</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Differences in baseline characteristics</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref224" rid="ch6.ref224"><sup>224</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref222" rid="ch6.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref223" rid="ch6.ref223"><sup>223</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weiland 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref228" rid="ch6.ref228"><sup>228</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison; stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wen 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref229" rid="ch6.ref229"><sup>229</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wu 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref231" rid="ch6.ref231"><sup>231</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wu 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref230" rid="ch6.ref230"><sup>230</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design, not randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wu 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref232" rid="ch6.ref232"><sup>232</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Xu 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref234" rid="ch6.ref234"><sup>234</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Xu 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref233" rid="ch6.ref233"><sup>233</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Xue 1991<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref235" rid="ch6.ref235"><sup>235</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yang 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref236" rid="ch6.ref236"><sup>236</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yapanoglu 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref238" rid="ch6.ref238"><sup>238</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT data exists for this strata</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yu 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref239" rid="ch6.ref239"><sup>239</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone size not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yun 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref240" rid="ch6.ref240"><sup>240</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zeng 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref243" rid="ch6.ref243"><sup>243</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design; incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref248" rid="ch6.ref248"><sup>248</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref247" rid="ch6.ref247"><sup>247</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhao 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref249" rid="ch6.ref249"><sup>249</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zheng 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref250" rid="ch6.ref250"><sup>250</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zheng 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref251" rid="ch6.ref251"><sup>251</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhong 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref252" rid="ch6.ref252"><sup>252</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appitab2"><div id="ch6.appi.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 61</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the health economic review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577652/table/ch6.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bagcioglu 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref17" rid="ch6.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study was assessed as partially applicable with very serious limitations due to the clinical data being retrospective and not from an RCT, therefore not in keeping with the guideline clinical review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Demir 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref52" rid="ch6.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study was assessed as partially applicable with very serious limitations due to the clinical data being retrospective and not from an RCT, therefore not in keeping with the guideline clinical review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koo 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref126" rid="ch6.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study was assessed as partially applicable with very serious limitations due to the clinical data being retrospective and not from an RCT, therefore not in keeping with the guideline clinical review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schoenthaler 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref191" rid="ch6.ref191"><sup>191</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study was assessed as partially applicable with very serious limitations due to the clinical data being retrospective and not from an RCT, therefore not in keeping with the guideline clinical review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chan 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.ref38" rid="ch6.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study was assessed as partially applicable with very serious limitations due to the clinical data being retrospective and not from an RCT, therefore not in keeping with the guideline clinical review.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Book content -->
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js"> </script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID /projects/books/PBooks@9.11 portal104 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
|
|
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID"></span>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/js/3968615.js" snapshot="books"></script></body>
|
|
</html>
|