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class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK577487_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for coordinating care</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Renal replacement therapy and conservative management</div><p><b>Evidence review</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 107</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2018 Oct</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3107-1</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2018.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch13.s1"><h2 id="_ch13_s1_">1. Coordinating care</h2><div id="ch13.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What are the most clinical and cost effective ways of coordinating care during RRT or conservative management?</h3></div><div id="ch13.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>People with CKD who require RRT or conservative management may have a lot of contact with healthcare professionals for a variety of reasons. In particular, those who receive in–centre haemodialysis (around 20,000 people) may go to hospital or satellite unit 3 or 4 times a week for e.g. 4 hours just for their dialysis. In addition there may well be appointments for other reasons such as issues related directly to kidney care (for example, transplant work up or access review) and other co-morbid conditions (for example, diabetes or heart disease). Lack of coordination of care can result in a high burden on the patient due to frequent hospital visits. The purpose of this review is to identify the clinical and cost effectiveness of a variety of measures aimed at improving the coordination of care.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#ch13.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch13tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch13tab1" rid-ob="figobch13tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch13.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch13.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="ch13.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>Two studies were included in the review;<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref10" rid="ch13.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref29" rid="ch13.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a> these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch13tab2" rid-ob="figobch13tab2">Table 2</a> below. Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch13tab3" rid-ob="figobch13tab3">Table 3</a>).</p><p>Both studies were RCTs comparing post-discharge key worker with usual care in adults on PD and in fact used near identical methods. No RCTs or NRS were identified for any other population or intervention that met the protocol.</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch13.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#ch13.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch13.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#ch13.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch13.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch13tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch13tab2" rid-ob="figobch13tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch13.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch13.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.4.4"><h4>1.4.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch13tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch13tab3" rid-ob="figobch13tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Clinical evidence summary: Key worker vs usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch13.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Key worker vs usual care. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch13.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="ch13.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="ch13.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were included.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>No health economic studies that were relevant to this question were excluded due to assessment of limited applicability or methodological limitations.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch13.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h4><p>None.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.5.4"><h4>1.5.4. Unit costs</h4><p>Relevant unit costs were provided to the committee to aid consideration of cost effectiveness. Cost calculations based on resource use from the clinical review have also been included.</p><p>The clinical evidence identified two studies both about the same enhanced post-discharge planning with comprehensive assessment and 6 weeks of nurse led telephone follow-up compared to routine discharge. This is described as involving:
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<ul id="ch13.l5"><li id="ch13.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Discharge plan (nurse grade and time involved not reported – nurse costs in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch13tab4" rid-ob="figobch13tab4">Table 4</a>)
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<ul id="ch13.l6" class="circle"><li id="ch13.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>Discussion involving patient and family</div></li><li id="ch13.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>A pre-discharge comprehensive assessment of the patient’s physical, social, cognitive and emotional needs</div></li><li id="ch13.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>An individualised education programme conducted by the nurse case manager</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch13.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weekly follow-up calls by nurse case manager for 6 weeks (first call 20–30 mins, others as required – see non-consultant led, non-face-to-face attendance costs in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch13tab5" rid-ob="figobch13tab5">Table 5</a>; estimated total cost £321)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients were also able to call the case manager (or a 24 hour hotline service available to all patients) as they wished (information not provided about time involved with this)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>The case manager could refer the patient where further interventions were required e.g. for a home visit from community nurse or clinic follow-up (clinic visits was an outcome of the study)</div></li></ul></p><p>Routine discharge care included:
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<ul id="ch13.l7"><li id="ch13.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>Standard information</div></li><li id="ch13.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>Telephone hotline service</div></li><li id="ch13.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>Printed material</div></li><li id="ch13.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>Reminder to attend their outpatient appointment</div></li></ul></p><p>The clinical review reported resource utilisation data about readmission and clinic visits showing a possible reduction with the intervention. The weighted average cost of a non-elective CKD admission is £2409; a reduction of 65 admissions per 1000 (CI: −119 to 87) as reported in the clinical review would result in a cost saving of £156,616 (CI: −£286,727 to £209,624). The weighted average cost of an outpatient nephrology attendance is £151 (see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch13tab5" rid-ob="figobch13tab5">Table 5</a> for details); based on this a reduction of 414 admissions per 1000 (CI: −158 to −581) as reported in the clinical review would result in a cost saving of £62,423 (CI: −£23,823 to £87,604). Based on a total cost saving of £219,039 per 1000 patients, the intervention would be cost saving if it cost less than £219 per patient. Given that the estimated cost of the weekly follow-up calls alone is greater than this it is judged likely that there would be an overall additional cost of providing the intervention over usual care, although it is not possible to exactly estimate what this would be due to missing information about the resource use involved in providing the intervention.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch13tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch13tab4" rid-ob="figobch13tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. UK hospital-based nurse costs per working hour." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch13.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">UK hospital-based nurse costs per working hour. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch13tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch13tab5" rid-ob="figobch13tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. UK NHS reference costs 2015/16 for nephrology outpatient appointments." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch13.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">UK NHS reference costs 2015/16 for nephrology outpatient appointments. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch13.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Resource costs</h3><p>The recommendations made in this review (see section <b>Error! Reference source not found.</b>) are not expected to have a substantial impact on resources.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.7"><h3>1.7. Evidence statements</h3><div id="ch13.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch13.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. Key worker vs usual care</h5><p>No evidence was identified for quality of life, mortality, hospitalisation, psychological distress, control of coexisting conditions, infections, vascular access issues, dialysis access issues, acute transplant rejection episodes.</p><p>A clinically important benefit was found for clinic visits with a key worker (1 study, low quality).</p><p>No clinically important difference was found for symptoms (2 studies, very low quality), functional measures (1 study, moderate quality), readmission (1 study, very low quality), mental wellbeing (2 studies, moderate quality), experience of care (2 studies, low quality).</p></div></div><div id="ch13.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch13.l8"><li id="ch13.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>No relevant economic evaluations were identified.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch13.s1.8"><h3>1.8. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="ch13.s1.8.1"><h4>1.8.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="ch13.s1.8.1.1"><h5>1.8.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee considered quality of life, symptom scores, functional measures, mortality, hospitalisation and time to failure of renal replacement therapy as critical outcomes. Important outcomes were pre-emptive transplantation, psychological distress and mental welling, experience of care, control of coexisting conditions and adverse events.</p><p>There was evidence for symptom scores, functional measures, and experience of care, mental wellbeing and resource use.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.8.1.2"><h5>1.8.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>Outcomes were rated as moderate to very low quality. Evidence was downgraded due risk of bias (due to lack of blinding with subjective outcomes) and imprecision.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.8.1.3"><h5>1.8.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>The were no clinical important differences between the group who received post-discharge case management and those who received usual care for symptom scores, functional measures, experience of care and mental wellbeing. The committee noted that the intervention was for six weeks only and this may not have been long enough to facilitate improvement in these outcomes. There was a clinically important reduction in clinic appointments in the intervention group but not for readmissions.</p><p>The committee noted that the studies were in China and Hong Kong and it was difficult to know how their healthcare services compare with that of the UK. The limited description of usual care described a service that may be superior to that offered in the UK. The study population was restricted to people on PD who had been admitted to the renal unit, but not for an elective admission.</p><p>A case manager or keyworker is available in some areas of the country. The role is performed by a range of different health professionals including GPs, community matrons and specialist nurses. Keyworkers provide a single point of contact, organise appointments and help people to navigate the system by signposting to other services. The committee were in agreement that a keyworker was likely to provide clinically important benefits but were unable to recommend their use due to the unknown resource impact.</p></div></div><div id="ch13.s1.8.2"><h4>1.8.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>No published economic evaluations were included.</p><p>The clinical review found evidence relating to post-discharge case management for people on PD who had been hospitalised. Case management as described in these studies would have additional costs due to the additional nurse timing required. However, there was evidence for a reduction in clinic visits and this would offset these costs. Readmission rates were also lower but not judged to be clinically important. A cost calculation based on this evidence suggested that it was likely there would be a net cost of this type of case management. There was no evidence to suggest QALYs would be higher with this intervention – no mortality or quality of life benefit was seen – therefore the intervention may not be cost effective. As described above there was uncertainty relating to the generalisability of the resource use in the clinical studies based in China and Hong Kong. This uncertainty also effects these economic considerations which are based on this evidence.</p><p>The committee agreed that the use of a key worker to coordinate care for people receiving RRT or conservative management was an important issue; however, no clinical or economic evidence was identified relating to this. The committee concluded that this could have an important benefit to patients as better coordination of care may mean they spend less of their time in hospital (many patients are already in hospital 3 or more days a week for dialysis but also require additional appointments related to concomitant conditions such as diabetes) and that could improve quality of life. The committee discussed what the resource use implications would be of people having a key worker to coordinate care including whether this would require a separate role or if this could be accommodated within an existing team member’s role, and who might be best placed to do it. The committee concluded there would be a resource use implication of having a key worker to coordinate care, whoever undertook the role. It was unclear if there would be any cost offsets to the NHS although it was conceivable that there could be if for example patients were seen in primary care for some appointments rather than secondary care, or if patient transport journeys were reduced. In addition, as described above there would be benefits to patients which may justify any additional cost.</p><p>The committee also discussed to what extent this role already existed and whether there would be a resource impact of recommending a key worker to coordinate care for people receiving RRT or conservative management. The committee concluded that it was not current practice in many areas and as such a recommendation may have a substantial resource impact.</p><p>Given the lack of clinical or cost effectiveness evidence and potential for a substantial resource impact the committee concluded they were not able to specifically recommend a key worker to coordinate care for people receiving RRT or conservative management. Although they noted that more general recommendations already exist about co-coordinating care in the NICE guidelines on Multimorbidity: clinical assessment and management NICE guideline [NG56] and Patient experience in adult NHS services: improving the experience of care for people using adult NHS services (CG138) and made a more general recommendation reflecting these given the importance of this issue for people undergoing RRT and conservative management.</p><p>Providing contact details of the lead healthcare professional responsible for care was not considered to have any resource use implications.</p></div><div id="ch13.s1.8.3"><h4>1.8.3. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>A person may undergo a number of different transitions of care after starting renal replacement therapy. During these periods people often report not knowing who is responsible for their care or who to contact. This lead health professional is not responsible for coordinating care but should signpost to the most appropriate person to contact.</p><p>The committee emphasised the importance of the partnership between primary, secondary and social care. People undergoing renal replacement therapy or conservative management often have complex needs which are met by a number of different health professionals and services. The input of these professionals varies over time and depends on where the person is in the patient pathway. Good timely communication with the general practitioner is important so that the primary care team is fully aware of developments and ongoing management as this may have implications whilst managing other co-morbidities, poly-pharmacy as well as providing psycho-social support as necessary. It is important to involve the primary care team at all stages of the RRT pathway. Though the RRT pathway is secondary care/specialist led, primary care should remain in the loop to ensure optimal management of coexisting co-morbidities, effective medicines management, safe prescribing, help in promoting lifestyle changes, primary/secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Primary care health professionals can continue to provide holistic care, psychological support and sign post to specialists for problems relating to RRT and associated problems. Seamless transfer of care between primary and secondary care with effective sharing of information is likely to improve quality of care and improve the patient experience.</p><p>The committee highlighted the importance of the coordination of care for people who require end of life care</p><p>People often have to attend a number of different appointments for their renal condition and other conditions. The treatment burden for people on in-centre haemodialysis is particularly high. It is therefore important that treatment burden is discussed with each person, their families and carers and that strategies are adopted to minimise it.</p><p>The committee confirmed that the recommendations were applicable to children and young people. They highlighted the importance of good communication and coordination of care when a young person is transitioning to adult services. They were aware of NICE’s guidance on Transition from children’s to adults’ services for young people using health or social care services (NG43).</p></div></div></div><div id="ch13.rl.r1"><h2 id="_ch13_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref1">Bessa
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R. The follow-up of renal transplant recipients by telephone consultation: three years experience from a single UK renal unit. Clinical Medicine. 2011; 11(3):242–6 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4953316/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4953316</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21902076" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21902076</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref13">Curtis
|
|
L, Burns
|
|
A. Unit costs of health and social care 2016. Canterbury. Personal Social Services Research Unit University of Kent, 2016. Available from: <a href="http://www.pssru.ac.uk/project-pages/unit-costs/2016/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.pssru.ac.uk<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/project-pages/unit-costs/2016/</a></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref14">Dashti-Khavidaki
|
|
S, Sharif
|
|
Z, Khalili
|
|
H, Badri
|
|
S, Alimadadi
|
|
A, Ahmadi
|
|
F
|
|
et al. The use of pharmaceutical care to improve health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients in Iran. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 2013; 35(2):260–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277421" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23277421</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref15">Department of Health. NHS reference costs 2015–16. Available from: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nhs-reference-costs-2015-to-2016" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov.uk/government<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/publications<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/nhs-reference-costs-2015-to-2016</a> Last accessed: 17/01/2018.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref16">Devins
|
|
GM, Mendelssohn
|
|
DC, Barre
|
|
PE, Binik
|
|
YM. Predialysis psychoeducational intervention and coping styles influence time to dialysis in chronic kidney disease. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2003; 42(4):693–703 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14520619" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14520619</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref17">Dixon
|
|
J, Borden
|
|
P, Kaneko
|
|
TM, Schoolwerth
|
|
AC. Multidisciplinary CKD care enhances outcomes at dialysis initiation. Nephrology Nursing Journal: Journal of the American Nephrology Nurses’ Association. 2011; 38(2):165–71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21520695" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21520695</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref18">El Borolossy
|
|
R, El Wakeel
|
|
L, El Hakim
|
|
I, Badary
|
|
O. Implementation of clinical pharmacy services in a pediatric dialysis unit. Pediatric Nephrology. 2014; 29(7):1259–64 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24531662" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24531662</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref19">Fenton
|
|
A, Sayar
|
|
Z, Dodds
|
|
A, Dasgupta
|
|
I. Multidisciplinary care improves outcome of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Nephron. 2010; 115(4):c283–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20424479" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20424479</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref20">Fishbane
|
|
S, Agoritsas
|
|
S, Bellucci
|
|
A, Halinski
|
|
C, Shah
|
|
HH, Sakhiya
|
|
V
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|
et al. Augmented nurse care management in CKD stages 4 to 5: A randomized trial. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2017; 70(4):498–505 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28396108" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28396108</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref21">Gallar
|
|
P, Vigil
|
|
A, Rodriguez
|
|
I, Ortega
|
|
O, Gutierrez
|
|
M, Hurtado
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J
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et al. Two-year experience with telemedicine in the follow-up of patients in home peritoneal dialysis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2007; 13(6):288–92 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17785025" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17785025</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>22.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref22">Goldstein
|
|
M, Yassa
|
|
T, Dacouris
|
|
N, McFarlane
|
|
P. Multidisciplinary predialysis care and morbidity and mortality of patients on dialysis. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2004; 44(4):706–14 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15384022" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15384022</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref23">Huang
|
|
B, Li
|
|
Z, Wang
|
|
Y, Xia
|
|
J, Shi
|
|
T, Jiang
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|
J
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et al. Effectiveness of self-management support in maintenance haemodialysis patients with hypertension: A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial. Nephrology. 2017; 30:30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28666310" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28666310</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref24">Ismail
|
|
SY, Luchtenburg
|
|
AE, Timman
|
|
R, Zuidema
|
|
WC, Boonstra
|
|
C, Weimar
|
|
W
|
|
et al. Home-based family intervention increases knowledge, communication and living donation rates: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Transplantation. 2014; 14(8):1862–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24935081" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24935081</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref25">Jahromi
|
|
MK, Poorgholami
|
|
F, Rahmanian
|
|
F, Rahmanian
|
|
E. Effects of self-care education with telephone follow-up on self-efficacy level in hemodialysis patients. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia. 2016; 13(1):375–381</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref26">Jenq
|
|
CC, Hung
|
|
CC, Juan
|
|
KC, Hsu
|
|
KH. The effects of e-interventions on the medical outcomes of hemodialysis patients: A retrospective matched patient cohort study. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7(1):2985 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5462823/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5462823</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28592842" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28592842</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref27">Joost
|
|
R, Dorje
|
|
F, Schwitulla
|
|
J, Eckardt
|
|
KU, Hugo
|
|
C. Intensified pharmaceutical care is improving immunosuppressive medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients during the first post-transplant year: a quasi-experimental study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2014; 29(8):1597–607 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24914089" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24914089</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref28">Kargar Jahromi
|
|
M, Javadpour
|
|
S, Taheri
|
|
L, Poorgholami
|
|
F. Effect of nurse-led telephone follow ups (tele-nursing) on depression, anxiety and stress in hemodialysis patients. Global Journal of Health Science. 2016; 8(3):168–73 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4804080/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4804080</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26493429" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26493429</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref29">Li
|
|
J, Wang
|
|
H, Xie
|
|
H, Mei
|
|
G, Cai
|
|
W, Ye
|
|
J
|
|
et al. Effects of post-discharge nurse-led telephone supportive care for patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis in China: a randomized controlled trial. Peritoneal Dialysis International. 2014; 34(3):278–88 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4033328/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4033328</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24385331" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24385331</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref30">Manley
|
|
HJ, Drayer
|
|
DK, Muther
|
|
RS. Medication-related problem type and appearance rate in ambulatory hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrology. 2003; 4:10 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC317309/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC317309</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14690549" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14690549</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref31">Martino
|
|
F, Adibelli
|
|
Z, Mason
|
|
G, Nayak
|
|
A, Ariyanon
|
|
W, Rettore
|
|
E
|
|
et al. Home visit program improves technique survival in peritoneal dialysis. Blood Purification. 2014; 37(4):286–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25133487" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25133487</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>32.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref32">National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. The guidelines manual. London. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2012. Available from: <a href="http://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg6/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org.uk/article/pmg6/</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27905714" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27905714</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref33">Navaneethan
|
|
SD, Jolly
|
|
SE, Schold
|
|
JD, Arrigain
|
|
S, Nakhoul
|
|
G, Konig
|
|
V
|
|
et al. Pragmatic randomized, controlled trial of patient navigators and enhanced personal health records in CKD. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2017; 12(9):1418–1427 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5586570/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5586570</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28778854" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28778854</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>34.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref34">Pai
|
|
AB, Boyd
|
|
A, Chavez
|
|
A, Manley
|
|
HJ. Health-related quality of life is maintained in hemodialysis patients receiving pharmaceutical care: a 2-year randomized, controlled study. Hemodialysis International. 2009; 13(1):72–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19210281" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19210281</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>35.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref35">Pai
|
|
AB, Boyd
|
|
A, Depczynski
|
|
J, Chavez
|
|
IM, Khan
|
|
N, Manley
|
|
H. Reduced drug use and hospitalization rates in patients undergoing hemodialysis who received pharmaceutical care: a 2-year, randomized, controlled study. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 2009; 29(12):1433–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19947803" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19947803</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref36">Poorgholami
|
|
F, Mansoori
|
|
P, Montaseri
|
|
Z, Najafi
|
|
K. Effect of self care education with and without telephone follow-up on the level of hope in renal dialysis patients: A single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery. 2016; 4(3):256–64 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4926005/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4926005</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27382592" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27382592</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref37">Russell
|
|
CL, Brown
|
|
K. The effects of information and support on individuals awaiting cadaveric kidney transplantation. Progress in Transplantation. 2002; 12(3):201–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12371046" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12371046</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref38">Schmid
|
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A, Hils
|
|
S, Kramer-Zucker
|
|
A, Bogatyreva
|
|
L, Hauschke
|
|
D, De Geest
|
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S
|
|
et al. Telemedically supported case management of living-donor renal transplant recipients to optimize routine evidence-based aftercare: A single-center randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Transplantation. 2017; 17(6):1594–1605 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27873477" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27873477</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref39">Schoch
|
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M, Bennett
|
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P, Fiolet
|
|
R, Kent
|
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B, Au
|
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C. Renal access coordinators’ impact on hemodialysis patient outcomes and associated service delivery: A systematic review. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 2014; 12(4):319–353 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27820290" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27820290</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref40">Sicotte
|
|
C, Moqadem
|
|
K, Vasilevsky
|
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M, Desrochers
|
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J, St-Gelais
|
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M. Use of telemedicine for haemodialysis in very remote areas: the Canadian First Nations. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2011; 17(3):146–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21303935" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21303935</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>41.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref41">Sullivan
|
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C, Leon
|
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JB, Sayre
|
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SS, Marbury
|
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M, Ivers
|
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M, Pencak
|
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JA
|
|
et al. Impact of navigators on completion of steps in the kidney transplant process: a randomized, controlled trial. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2012; 7(10):1639–45 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3463214/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3463214</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22798540" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22798540</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>42.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref42">Thilly
|
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N, Chanliau
|
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J, Frimat
|
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L, Combe
|
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C, Merville
|
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P, Chauveau
|
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P
|
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et al. Cost-effectiveness of home telemonitoring in chronic kidney disease patients at different stages by a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (eNephro): rationale and study design. BMC Nephrology. 2017; 18:126 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5381043/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5381043</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28381266" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28381266</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref43">Wei
|
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SY, Chang
|
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YY, Mau
|
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LW, Lin
|
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MY, Chiu
|
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HC, Tsai
|
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JC
|
|
et al. Chronic kidney disease care program improves quality of pre-end-stage renal disease care and reduces medical costs. Nephrology. 2010; 15(1):108–15 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20377778" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20377778</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch13.ref44">Wingard
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R. Reducing early mortality in patients on dialysis: lessons from the RightStart program. Nephrology Nursing Journal. 2009; 36(2):215–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19397178" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19397178</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixes.appgroup13"><h2 id="_appendixes_appgroup13_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch13.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="ch13.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 6. Review protocol: coordinating care</a></p><p id="ch13.appa.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appatab2" class="figpopup">Table 7. Health economic review protocol</a></p></div><div id="ch13.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="ch13.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014, updated 2017</p><p>
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<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869</a>
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</p><p><i>For more detailed information, please see the</i> Methodology Review.</p><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the search where appropriate.</p><p id="ch13.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appbtab1" class="figpopup">Table 8. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><ol id="ch13.l16"><li id="ch13.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Line 81 (Medline) and line 75 (Embase) were added to the search strategy to reduce the number of items retrieved for observational studies as the overall results from the search were very large.</div><div class="half_rhythm">This was checked to ensure that relevant studies were not excluded.</div></li></ol><p id="ch13.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appbtab2" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch13.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appbtab3" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch13.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appbtab4" class="figpopup">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</a></p><p id="ch13.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appbtab5" class="figpopup">HMIC (Ovid) search terms</a></p></div><div id="ch13.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to renal replacement therapy population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional searches were run on Medline and Embase for health economics.</p><p id="ch13.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appbtab6" class="figpopup">Table 9. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch13.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appbtab7" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch13.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appbtab8" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch13.appb.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appbtab9" class="figpopup">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</a></p></div></div><div id="ch13.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="ch13.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK577487/figure/ch13.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of coordinating care</a></p></div><div id="ch13.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p id="ch13.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577487/bin/ch13-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (205K)</span></p></div><div id="ch13.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch13.appe.s1"><h4>E.1. Key worker vs usual care</h4><p id="ch13.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK577487/figure/ch13.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Symptoms (KDQOL, symptom/problem, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)</a></p><p id="ch13.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK577487/figure/ch13.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Functional measures (KDQOL, burden of kidney disease, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)</a></p><p id="ch13.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK577487/figure/ch13.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 4. Rate of readmission (by 12 weeks)</a></p><p id="ch13.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK577487/figure/ch13.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 5. Rate of clinic visits (by 12 weeks)</a></p><p id="ch13.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK577487/figure/ch13.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 6. Mental wellbeing (KDQOL, emotional wellbeing, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)</a></p><p id="ch13.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK577487/figure/ch13.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 7. Experience of care (KDQOL patient satisfaction, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch13.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p id="ch13.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 10. Clinical evidence profile: Key worker vs usual care</a></p></div><div id="ch13.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="ch13.appg.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK577487/figure/ch13.appg.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appgfig7" class="figpopup">Figure 8. Flow chart of economic study selection for the guideline</a></p></div><div id="ch13.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="ch13.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch13.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><p id="ch13.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appitab1" class="figpopup">Table 11. Studies excluded from the clinical review</a></p></div><div id="ch13.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p>Studies that meet the review protocol population and interventions and economic study design criteria but have not been included in the review based on applicability and/or methodological quality are summarised below with reasons for exclusion.</p><p id="ch13.appi.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appitab2" class="figpopup">Table 12. Studies excluded from the health economic review</a></p></div></div><div id="ch13.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Research recommendations</h3><div id="ch13.appj.s1"><h4>J.1. Clinical and cost effectiveness of keyworkers</h4><p>
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<b>Research question: What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of having keyworkers present in the context of renal replacement therapy (RRT)?</b>
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</p><p><b>Why this is important:</b> The committee were unable to make a recommendation due to limited evidence and no evidence on the resource impact of a keyworker in this review. Recommendations regarding keyworkers are important to ensure people requiring RRT or conservative management are efficiently provided with the most clinical and cost effective treatment in regards to their care.</p><p id="ch13.appj.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch13appjtab1" class="figpopup">Criteria for selecting high-priority research recommendations</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review</p><p>These evidence reviews were developed by the National Guideline Centre</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2018.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK577487</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35133750" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">35133750</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13tab1"><div id="ch13.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Children, young people and adults with CKD stage 3 to 5 either being prepared for or undergoing RRT or CM</p>
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<p>Stratified by:
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<ul id="ch13.l1"><li id="ch13.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>Age (<2, 2 to <16, 16 to <25, 25 to <70, ≥70</div></li><li id="ch13.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>BAME vs non-BAME</div></li><li id="ch13.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>Diabetes mellitus vs no diabetes mellitus</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch13.l2"><li id="ch13.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>Multispeciality clinic vs separate clinics (e.g. combined diabetologist + nephrologist clinic vs two separate clinics)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Multispecialty care vs nephrologist only (e.g. care involving multiple specialties vs care for coexisting conditions only involving nephrologist/renal team)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>Co-located services vs disparate services (e.g. services at a single location vs services at multiple locations)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review at home/in community vs in hospital</div></li><li id="ch13.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review in person vs remote review (e.g. via telephone/virtual consultation)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Information sharing strategies vs usual care</div></li><li id="ch13.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dedicated key worker vs usual care</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">As above or combinations of comparisons</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical
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<ul id="ch13.l3"><li id="ch13.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Patient, family/carer health-related QoL (continuous)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptom scores and functional measures (continuous)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality (dichotomous and time to event)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospitalisation or other resource use (rates or continuous)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Time to failure of RRT form (time to event)</div></li></ul>
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Important
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<ul id="ch13.l4"><li id="ch13.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pre-emptive transplantation (dichotomous)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress and mental wellbeing (continuous)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Patient, family/carer experience of care (continuous)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>Control of coexisting conditions (e.g. HbA1c for Diabetes mellitus, blood pressure for hypertension, continuous or dichotomous)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs only, if insufficient RCT evidence, NRS that adjust for key confounders (age, ethnicity, comorbidities and baseline health) will be included</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13tab2"><div id="ch13.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chow 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref10" rid="ch13.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Case-management (n = 50) – enhanced post discharge planning with comprehensive assessment and 6 weeks of nurse led telephone follow-up</p>
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<p>Usual care (n = 50) – usual discharge service</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Adults aged 25 to 70 (mean age 56.9 (SD 13.5))</p>
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<p>Hong Kong</p>
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<p>PD (all participants on CAPD)</p>
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<p>Recently admitted to a hospital renal unit, not for elective procedure</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Reported at 12 weeks (6 weeks after end of intervention):</p>
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<p>Symptom scores Functional measures Experience of care Mental wellbeing</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Li 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref29" rid="ch13.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Case-management (n = 80) – enhanced post discharge planning with comprehensive assessment and 6 weeks of nurse led telephone follow-up</p>
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<p>Usual care (n = 80) – usual discharge service</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Adults aged 25 to 70 (mean age 56.3 (SD 12.4))</p>
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<p>China</p>
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<p>PD (all participants on CAPD)</p>
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<p>Recently admitted to a hospital renal unit, not for elective procedure</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Reported at 12 weeks (6 weeks after end of intervention):</p>
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<p>Symptom scores Functional measures Experience of care Mental wellbeing Resource use</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13tab3"><div id="ch13.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Key worker vs usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Usual care</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Key worker (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Symptoms (KDQOL symptom/problem, 0–100, high is better)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>220</p>
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<p>(2 studies)</p>
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<p>12 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean symptoms in the control groups was</p>
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<p>66.5</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
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<p>3.62 higher</p>
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<p>(0.27 to 6.97 higher)</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Functional measures (KDQOL burden of kidney disease, 0–100, high is better)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>220</p>
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<p>(2 studies)</p>
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<p>12 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>due to risk of bias</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean functional measures in the control groups was</p>
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<p>21.5</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean functional measures in the intervention groups was</p>
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<p>0.72 higher</p>
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<p>(2.97 lower to 4.42 higher)</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rate of readmission</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>135</p>
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<p>(1 study)</p>
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<p>12 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Rate Ratio 0.57</p>
|
|
<p>(0.21 to 1.58)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">150 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 119 fewer to 87 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rate of clinic visits</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>135</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Rate Ratio 0.53</p>
|
|
<p>(0.34 to 0.82)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">880 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>414 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 158 fewer to 581 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mental wellbeing (KDQOL emotional wellbeing, 0–100, high is better)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>220</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean mental wellbeing in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>63.4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean mental wellbeing in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.49 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.59 lower to 6.57 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Experience of care (KDQOL patient satisfaction, 0–100, high is better)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>220</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean experience of care in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>63.0</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch13.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean experience of care in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.17 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.33 to 10.01 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch13.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch13.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13tab4"><div id="ch13.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">UK hospital-based nurse costs per working hour</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nurse</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cost per working hour</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Band 2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Band 3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Band 4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£29</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Band 5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£36</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Band 6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Band 7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£52</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Band 8a</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£61</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Band 8b</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£73</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Source: PSSRU Unit costs of health and social care 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref13" rid="ch13.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13tab5"><div id="ch13.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">UK NHS reference costs 2015/16 for nephrology outpatient appointments</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Currency code</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Currency Description</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of attendances</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">National average unit cost</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4" id="hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Consultant led</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF01A</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-Admitted Face to Face Attendance, Follow-Up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">576,355</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£153</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF01B</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-Admitted Face to Face Attendance, First</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88,492</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£194</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF01C</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-Admitted Non-Face to Face Attendance, Follow-Up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9,450</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£86</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF01D</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-Admitted Non-Face to Face Attendance, First</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1,399</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£72</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF02A</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiprofessional Non-Admitted Face to Face Attendance, Follow-Up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29,964</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£169</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF02B</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiprofessional Non-Admitted Face to Face Attendance, First</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2,951</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£206</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF02C</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiprofessional Non-Admitted Non Face to Face Attendance, Follow-Up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£139</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4" id="hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Non-consultant led</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF01A</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-Admitted Face to Face Attendance, Follow-Up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92,331</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£108</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF01B</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-Admitted Face to Face Attendance, First</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6,947</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£130</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF01C</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-Admitted Non-Face to Face Attendance, Follow-Up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8,587</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£45</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF01D</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-Admitted Non-Face to Face Attendance, First</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">328</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£96</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF02A</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiprofessional Non-Admitted Face to Face Attendance, Follow-Up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">452</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£135</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WF02B</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiprofessional Non-Admitted Face to Face Attendance, First</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£139</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1 hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Weighted average</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£151</b>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Source: NHS reference costs 2015–16<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref15" rid="ch13.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appatab1"><div id="ch13.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Review protocol: coordinating care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What are the most clinical and cost effective ways of coordinating care during RRT or conservative management?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Determine the most clinical and cost effective ways of coordinating care during RRT or conservative management</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population / disease / condition / issue / domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Children, young people and adults with CKD stage 3 to 5 either being prepared for or undergoing RRT or CM</p>
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<p>Stratified by:</p>
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<p>Age (<2, 2 to <16, 16 to <25, 25 to <70, ≥70</p>
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<p>BAME vs non-BAME</p>
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<p>DM vs no DM</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s) / exposure(s) / prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Multispeciality clinic vs separate clinics (e.g. combined diabetologist + nephrologist clinic vs two separate clinics)</p>
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<p>Multispecialty care vs nephrologist only (e.g. care involving multiple specialties vs care for coexisting conditions only involving nephrologist/renal team)</p>
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<p>Co-located services vs disparate services (e.g. services at a single location vs services at multiple locations)</p>
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<p>Review at home/in community vs in hospital</p>
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<p>Review in person vs remote review (e.g. via telephone/virtual consultation)</p>
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<p>Information sharing strategies vs usual care</p>
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<p>Dedicated key worker vs usual care</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s) / control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">As above or combinations of comparisons</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Critical</p>
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<p>Patient, family/carer health-related QoL (continuous)</p>
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<p>Symptom scores and functional measures (continuous)</p>
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<p>Mortality (dichotomous and time to event)</p>
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<p>Hospitalisation or other resource use (rates or continuous)</p>
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<p>Time to failure of RRT form (time to event)</p>
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<p>Important</p>
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<p>Pre-emptive transplantation (dichotomous)</p>
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<p>Psychological distress and mental wellbeing (continuous)</p>
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<p>Patient, family/carer experience of care (continuous)</p>
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<p>Control of coexisting conditions (e.g. HbA1c for DM, BP for hypertension, continuous or dichotomous)</p>
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<p>Adverse events</p>
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<p>Infections (dichotomous)</p>
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<p>Vascular access issues (dichotomous)</p>
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<p>Dialysis access issues (dichotomous)</p>
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<p>Acute transplant rejection episodes (dichotomous)</p>
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<p>When outcomes are reported at multiple timepoints, the later timepoints will be prioritised. All outcomes must be reported after at least 4 weeks of the intervention under investigation. The outcomes of mortality and hospitalisation must be reported after at least 6 months.</p>
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<p>For quality of life, symptom scores/functional measures, psychological distress/mental wellbeing and experience of care, any validated measures will be accepted.</p>
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<p>Absolute MIDs of 30 per 1000 will be used for mortality and modality failure. Absolute MIDs of 100 per 1000 will be used for all other outcomes dichotomous outcomes. Where relative MIDs are required (if absolute effects are unavailable), 0.90 to 1.11 will be used for mortality and modality failure. The default relative MIDs of 0.8 to 1.25 will be used for all other dichotomous outcomes. Default continuous MIDs of 0.5x SD will be used for all continuous outcomes, except where published, validated MIDs exist.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs only, if insufficient RCT evidence, NRS that adjust for key confounders (age, ethnicity, comorbidities and baseline health) will be included</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity / subgroup analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Pre or during RRT/CM</p>
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<p>Different modalities of RRT</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening / selection / analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A sample of at least 10% of the abstract lists were double-sifted by a senior research fellow and discrepancies rectified, with committee input where consensus could not be reached, for more information please see the separate Methods report for this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch13.l9"><li id="ch13.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pairwise meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</div></li><li id="ch13.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>GRADEpro was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</div></li><li id="ch13.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Endnote was used for bibliography, citations, sifting and reference management.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Clinical search databases to be used: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, HMIC</p>
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<p>Date: All years</p>
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<p>Health economics search databases to be used: Medline, Embase, NHSEED, HTA</p>
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<p>Date: Medline, Embase from 2014</p>
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<p>NHSEED, HTA – all years</p>
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<p>Language: Restrict to English only</p>
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<p>Supplementary search techniques: backward citation searching</p>
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<p>Key papers: Not known</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10019" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10019</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an amendment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch13.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms / duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as appendices of the evidence report.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch13.appd">Appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch13.apph">H</a> (health economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome / study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
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<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for quantitative analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the separate Methods report for this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale / context – what is known</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the evidence review. The committee was convened by the National Guideline Centre (NGC) and chaired by Jan Dudley in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>Staff from NGC undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the evidence review in collaboration with the committee. For details please see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding / support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds NGC to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health and social care in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appatab2"><div id="ch13.appa.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Objectives</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search criteria</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch13.l10"><li id="ch13.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the individual review protocol above.</div></li><li id="ch13.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant economic study design (cost-utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost-consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li id="ch13.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed; the bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li id="ch13.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li id="ch13.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">An economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and an economic study filter – see Appendix <a href="#ch13.appb.s2">B.2</a> Health economics literature search strategy.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Review strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2001, abstract-only studies and studies from non-OECD countries or the USA will also be excluded.</p><p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in <a href="#ch13.appg">Appendix G</a> of the 2012 NICE guidelines manual.<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref32" rid="ch13.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a> Each included study is summarised in an economic evidence profile and an evidence table. Any excluded studies are detailed in the excluded studies table with the reason for exclusion in <a href="#ch13.appi">Appendix I</a>.</p><p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b>
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<ul id="ch13.l11"><li id="ch13.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’ then it will be included in the guideline.</div></li><li id="ch13.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline.</div></li><li id="ch13.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul>
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<b>Where there is discretion</b></p><p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the Committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the Committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to selectively exclude the remaining studies. For example, if a high quality study from a UK perspective is available a similar study from another country’s perspective may be excluded.</p><p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p><p><i>Setting:</i>
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<ul id="ch13.l12"><li id="ch13.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch13.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li id="ch13.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li id="ch13.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will have been excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
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<i>Economic study type:</i>
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<ul id="ch13.l13"><li id="ch13.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost-utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch13.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-consequences analysis).</div></li><li id="ch13.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li id="ch13.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will have been excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
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<i>Year of analysis:</i>
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<ul id="ch13.l14"><li id="ch13.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li id="ch13.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2001 or later but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly from before 2001 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li id="ch13.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2001 will have been excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
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<i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the economic analysis:</i>
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<ul id="ch13.l15"><li id="ch13.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the economic analysis matches with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline.</div></li><li id="ch13.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>The following will be rated as ‘Very serious limitations’ and excluded: economic analyses undertaken as part of clinical studies that are excluded from the clinical review; economic models where relative treatment effects are based entirely on studies that are excluded from the clinical review; comparative costing analyses that only look at the cost of delivering dialysis (as current UK NHS reference costs are considered a more relevant estimate of this for the guideline); within-trial economic analyses based on non-randomised studies that do not meet the minimum adjustment criteria outlined in the main review protocol.</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appbtab1"><div id="ch13.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 11 December 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 11 December 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Cochrane Reviews to 2017 Issue 12 of12</p>
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<p>CENTRAL to 2017 Issue 11 of12</p>
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<p>DARE, and NHSEED to 2015 Issue 2 of 4</p>
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<p>HTA to 2016 Issue 4 of 4</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HMIC, Health Management Information Consortium (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1979 – 11 December 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusions</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appbtab2"><div id="ch13.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Renal Replacement Therapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney) adj2 replace*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodiafilt* or haemodiafilt* or (biofilt* adj1 acetate-free)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodialys* or haemodialys*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((kidney* or renal) adj3 (transplant* or graft*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">capd.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dialys*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(artificial adj1 kidney*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 9 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/11–18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp animal experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/21–27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drug therapy.fs.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">groups.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–37</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–33,35,39–40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/42–51</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 and (41 or 52)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Renal Replacement Therapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney*) adj2 replace*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodiafilt* or haemodiafilt* or haemofilt* or hemofilt*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodialys* or haemodialys*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((kidney* or renal or pre-empt* or preempt*) adj3 (transplant* or graft*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(capd or apd or ccpd or dialys*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/54–59</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/61–68</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">147 not 148</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/72–77</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60 not 78</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 79 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mycophenolic acid or azathioprine or sirolimus or everolimus or tacrolimus or cyclosporin* or steroid or calcineurin inhibitor or anaemi* or anemi* or vitamin d or immunosuppres*).ti.<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref1" rid="ch13.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80 not 81</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cohort studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Controlled Before-After Studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Historically Controlled Study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted Time Series Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/83–92</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Registries/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Management Audit/ or Clinical Audit/ or Nursing Audit/ or Medical Audit/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(registry or registries).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(audit or audits or auditor or auditors or auditing or auditable).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/94–97</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93 or 98</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82 and 99</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 not 53</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 or 101</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appbtab3"><div id="ch13.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *renal replacement therapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney) adj2 replace*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodiafilt* or haemodiafilt* or (biofilt* adj1 acetate-free)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodialys* or haemodialys*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((kidney* or renal) adj3 (transplant* or graft*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">capd.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dialys*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(artificial adj1 kidney*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 9 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/11–15</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 not 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18–25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/28–36</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic or evidence) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/38–47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 and (37 or 48)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*renal replacement therapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney*) adj2 replace*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodiafilt* or haemodiafilt* or haemofilt* or hemofilt*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodialys* or haemodialys*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((kidney* or renal or pre-empt* or preempt*) adj3 (transplant* or graft*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(capd or apd or ccpd or dialys*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/50–55</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/57–61</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 not 63</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/64–71</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 not 72</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 73 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mycophenolic acid or azathioprine or sirolimus or everolimus or tacrolimus or cyclosporin* or steroid or calcineurin inhibitor or anaemi* or anemi* or vitamin d or immunosuppres*).ti.<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref1" rid="ch13.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74 not 75</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">follow-up/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84 and 85</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/77–83,86–90</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">register/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">medical audit/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(registry or registries).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(audit or audits or auditor or auditors or auditing or auditable).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/92–95</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91 or 96</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76 and 97</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not 49</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or 99</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appbtab4"><div id="ch13.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MeSH descriptor: [Renal Replacement Therapy] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">((renal or kidney*) near/2 replace*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(hemodiafilt* or haemodiafilt* or haemofilt* or hemofilt*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(hemodialys* or haemodialys*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">((kidney* or renal or pre-empt* or preempt*) near/3 (transplant* or graft*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(capd or apd or ccpd or dialys*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(biofilt* near/1 acetate-free):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(artificial near/1 kidney*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(or #1–#8)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appbtab5"><div id="ch13.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="title">HMIC (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Kidney diseases/ or exp Haemodialysis/ or exp Renal services/ or exp Kidney transplants/ or Kidney Transplantation units/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Kidneys/ or exp Artificial kidneys/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Peritoneal dialysis/ or exp Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis/ or Haemodialysis/ or Haemodialysis Units/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Renal nursing/ or exp Renal treatment/ or exp Renal units/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney*) adj2 replace*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodiafilt* or haemodiafilt* or haemofilt* or hemofilt*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodialys* or haemodialys*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((kidney* or renal or pre-empt* or preempt*) adj3 (transplant* or graft*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(capd or apd or ccpd or dialys*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mycophenolic acid or azathioprine or sirolimus or everolimus or tacrolimus or cyclosporin* or steroid or calcineurin inhibitor or anaemi* or anemi* or vitamin d or immunosuppres*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 11</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 12 to English</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 or 15</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 not 16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 17 to (audiovis or book or chapter dh helmis or circular or microfiche dh helmis or multimedias or website)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 17 to (audiocass or books or cdrom or chapter or dept pubs or diskettes or folio pamp or “map” or marc or microfiche or multimedia or pamphlet or parly or press or press rel or thesis or trustdoc or video or website)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 or 19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 not 20</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appbtab6"><div id="ch13.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline & Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 11 December 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HTA & NHS EED- Inception – 11 December 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appbtab7"><div id="ch13.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Renal Replacement Therapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney) adj2 replace*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodiafilt* or haemodiafilt* or (biofilt* adj1 acetate-free)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodialys* or haemodialys*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((kidney* or renal) adj3 (transplant* or graft*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">capd.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dialys*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(artificial adj1 kidney*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 9 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/11–18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp animal experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/21–27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–45</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 and 46</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appbtab8"><div id="ch13.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp renal replacement therapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((renal or kidney) adj2 replace*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodiafilt* or haemodiafilt* or (biofilt* adj1 acetate-free)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hemodialys* or haemodialys*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((kidney* or renal) adj3 (transplant* or graft*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">capd.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dialys*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(artificial adj1 kidney*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 9 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/11–15</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 not 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18–25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*health economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *fee/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/28–40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 and 41</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appbtab9"><div id="ch13.appb.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appb.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appb.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Renal Replacement Therapy EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(((renal or kidney) adj2 replace*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">((hemodiafilt* or haemodiafilt* or (biofilt* adj1 acetate-free)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">((hemodialys* or haemodialys*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(((kidney* or renal) adj3 (transplant* or graft*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(capd)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(dialys*)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">((artificial adj1 kidney*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch13appcfig1"><div id="ch13.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20coordinating%20care.&p=BOOKS&id=577487_ch13appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577487/bin/ch13appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of coordinating care." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of coordinating care</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch13appefig1"><div id="ch13.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Symptoms%20(KDQOL%2C%20symptom%2Fproblem%2C%200%02013100%2C%20higher%20is%20better%2C%2012%20weeks).&p=BOOKS&id=577487_ch13appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577487/bin/ch13appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Symptoms (KDQOL, symptom/problem, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Symptoms (KDQOL, symptom/problem, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch13appefig2"><div id="ch13.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Functional%20measures%20(KDQOL%2C%20burden%20of%20kidney%20disease%2C%200%02013100%2C%20higher%20is%20better%2C%2012%20weeks).&p=BOOKS&id=577487_ch13appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577487/bin/ch13appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Functional measures (KDQOL, burden of kidney disease, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Functional measures (KDQOL, burden of kidney disease, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch13appefig3"><div id="ch13.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Rate%20of%20readmission%20(by%2012%20weeks).&p=BOOKS&id=577487_ch13appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577487/bin/ch13appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Rate of readmission (by 12 weeks)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Rate of readmission (by 12 weeks)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch13appefig4"><div id="ch13.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Rate%20of%20clinic%20visits%20(by%2012%20weeks).&p=BOOKS&id=577487_ch13appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577487/bin/ch13appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Rate of clinic visits (by 12 weeks)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Rate of clinic visits (by 12 weeks)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch13appefig5"><div id="ch13.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Mental%20wellbeing%20(KDQOL%2C%20emotional%20wellbeing%2C%200%02013100%2C%20higher%20is%20better%2C%2012%20weeks).&p=BOOKS&id=577487_ch13appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577487/bin/ch13appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Mental wellbeing (KDQOL, emotional wellbeing, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Mental wellbeing (KDQOL, emotional wellbeing, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch13appefig6"><div id="ch13.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Experience%20of%20care%20(KDQOL%20patient%20satisfaction%2C%200%02013100%2C%20higher%20is%20better%2C%2012%20weeks).&p=BOOKS&id=577487_ch13appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577487/bin/ch13appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Experience of care (KDQOL patient satisfaction, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Experience of care (KDQOL patient satisfaction, 0–100, higher is better, 12 weeks)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appftab1"><div id="ch13.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Key worker vs usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Key worker</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Usual care</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Symptoms (KDQOL symptom/problem, 0–100, high is better) (follow-up 12 weeks; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.62 higher (0.27 to 6.97 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional measures (KDQOL burden of kidney disease, 0–100, high is better) (follow-up 12 weeks; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.72 higher (2.97 lower to 4.42 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rate of readmission (follow-up 12 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>0/69</p>
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<p>(0%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Rate Ratio 0.57 (0.21 to 1.58)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">65 fewer per 1000 (from 119 fewer to 87 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rate of clinic visits (follow-up 12 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/69</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">88%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Rate Ratio 0.53 (0.34 to 0.82)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">414 fewer per 1000 (from 158 fewer to 581 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mental wellbeing (KDQOL emotional wellbeing, 0–100, high is better) (follow-up 12 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.49 higher (3.59 lower to 6.57 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Experience of care (KDQOL patient satisfaction, 0–100, high is better) (follow-up 12 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.17 higher (2.33 to 10.01 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch13.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch13.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch13.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch13appgfig7"><div id="ch13.appg.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=577487_ch13appgf7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577487/bin/ch13appgf7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Flow chart of economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Flow chart of economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>A = starting RRT</p><p>B = modality of RRT, subgroups and CM</p><p>C = sequencing</p><p>D = planning for RRT</p><p>E = When to assess</p><p>F = what to assess</p><p>G = Indicators for switching or stopping RRT</p><p>I = diet and fluids</p><p>J = frequency of review</p><p>L = decision support interventions</p><p>M = coordinating care</p><p>Note: Reviews H and K do not have an economic component</p><p>▬</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appitab1"><div id="ch13.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bessa 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref1" rid="ch13.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Boulware 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref2" rid="ch13.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Breu-Dejean 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref3" rid="ch13.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chen 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref5" rid="ch13.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not guideline condition</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chen 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref6" rid="ch13.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRS without adequate adjustment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chen 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref7" rid="ch13.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRS without adequate adjustment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chen 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref4" rid="ch13.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not guideline condition</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chisholm 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref8" rid="ch13.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chisholm 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref9" rid="ch13.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chow 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref11" rid="ch13.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PhD thesis, results reported elsewhere</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Connor 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref12" rid="ch13.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Wrong study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dashti-Khavidaki 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref14" rid="ch13.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Devins 2003<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref16" rid="ch13.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dixon 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref17" rid="ch13.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRS without adequate adjustment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">El Borolossy 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref18" rid="ch13.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Fishbane 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref20" rid="ch13.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Fenton 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref19" rid="ch13.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRS without adequate adjustment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gallar 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref21" rid="ch13.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRS without adequate adjustment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Goldstein 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref22" rid="ch13.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRS without adequate adjustment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Huang 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref23" rid="ch13.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ismail 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref24" rid="ch13.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Jahromi 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref25" rid="ch13.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Jenq 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref26" rid="ch13.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRS without adequate adjustment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Joost 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref27" rid="ch13.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kargar Jahromi 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref28" rid="ch13.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Manley 2003<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref30" rid="ch13.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Wrong study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Martino 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref31" rid="ch13.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRS without adequate adjustment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navaneethan 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref33" rid="ch13.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pai 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref34" rid="ch13.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pai 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref35" rid="ch13.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Poorgholami 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref36" rid="ch13.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Russell 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref37" rid="ch13.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Schoch 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref39" rid="ch13.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review is not relevant to review question or unclear PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Schmid 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref38" rid="ch13.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sicotte 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref40" rid="ch13.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRS without adequate adjustment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sullivan 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref41" rid="ch13.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Thilly 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref42" rid="ch13.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Protocol only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Wei 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref43" rid="ch13.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRS without adequate adjustment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Wingard 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch13.ref44" rid="ch13.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Commentary</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appitab2"><div id="ch13.appi.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the health economic review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">None</td><td headers="hd_h_ch13.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch13appjtab1"><div id="ch13.appj.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Criteria for selecting high-priority research recommendations</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577487/table/ch13.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch13.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PICO question</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Population: Children, young people and adults with CKD stage 3 to 5 either being prepared for or undergoing RRT or CM</p>
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<p>Intervention: Keyworkers present as part of people’s care during RRT/CM</p>
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<p>Comparison: No keyworkers present</p>
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<p>Outcomes: Patient, family/carer health-related QoL, symptom scores and functional measures, mortality, hospitalisation, time to failure of RRT form, pre-emptive transplantation rates, psychological distress and mental wellbeing, patient, family/carer experience of care, control of coexisting conditions, adverse events</p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to patients or the population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">If effective and cost-effective, such an intervention could potentially provide significant benefits in terms of health-related quality of life and by demonstrating the effectiveness of keyworkers to patients during RRT.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There is current uncertainty about the effectiveness of keyworkers.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Research in this area will inform NICE recommendations for service delivery and provide information about clinical and cost-effectiveness.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There is no evidence on the clinical and cost effectiveness of keyworkers during RRT or conservative management. It is important to have sufficient information on keyworkers so more evidence based information can be given in regards to the different RRT options and conservative management.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT ideally, if not then a non-randomised cohort study with adequate adjustment for key confounders including age, ethnicity, co-morbidities and some measure of baseline health (e.g. quality of life). Cluster randomised design may be required given nature of intervention</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No obvious feasibility issues</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other comments</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance</th><td headers="hd_b_ch13.appj.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch13.l17"><li id="ch13.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>High: the research is essential to inform future updates of key recommendations in the guideline.</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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