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fibrillation" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK571344_"><span itemprop="name">Risk stratification tools for predicting bleeding events in people with atrial fibrillation</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Atrial fibrillation: diagnosis and management</div><p><b>Evidence reviews E&F</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 196</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2021 Apr</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-4043-1</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2021.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1"><h2 id="_niceng196er4_s1_">1. Effectiveness of risk stratification tools for predicting bleeding in people with atrial fibrillation</h2><div id="niceng196er4.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What is the most clinically and cost-effective risk stratification tool for predicting bleeding in people with atrial fibrillation?</h3></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>Anticoagulation is the therapy with the greatest influence on prognostic outcomes for patients with atrial fibrillation. Anticoagulation,however, is associated with significant risk for major haemorrhage, from one to seven per cent per annum in clinical trials. For the majority of patients with AF the benefits of anticoagulation outweigh this risk.</p><p>The risk of major haemorrhage varies among populations with AF and there is a potential to reduce harm further by identifying patients at high risk for whom to proceed with caution, particularly as many risk factors for haemorrhage on anticoagulation are modifiable. There are over twenty schemes & methods (including modifications), published, that attempt to quantify the risk of major haemorrhage on anticoagulation.The predicted risk of haemorrhage for an individual is not precise. It needs to be interpreted in context as many of the factors that increase risk of bleeding also increase the risk of embolic stroke.</p><p>The intention of this chapter is to evaluate which is the most clinical and cost effective method and to develop guidance as to how this informs clinical practice.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng196er4.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Methods and process</h3><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref89" rid="niceng196er4.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a>Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#niceng196er4.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><p>This review is not a ‘prognostic accuracy’ review, but is instead a review of trials that have compared later health outcomes in people randomised to different prediction tools. Tools with differing prognostic accuracies may differ in their influence on later health outcomes through stimulating a more or less appropriate treatment approach. Whilst accuracy is not measured directly in such randomised trials, the advantage of such studies is that they demonstrate clinical efficacy. In contrast a prognostic accuracy study can only demonstrate the intrinsic predictive accuracy of the tool and is unable to show how that the accuracy affects health outcomes. However such randomised trials are not commonly undertaken, and may provide equivocal results, and so a prognostic accuracy review has also been undertaken.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref89" rid="niceng196er4.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a>conflicts of interest policy.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="niceng196er4.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant comparative clinical studies comparing bleeding risk tools with HAS-BLED were identified.</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng196er4.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#niceng196er4.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#niceng196er4.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#niceng196er4.apph">appendix H</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#niceng196er4.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>No studies were included</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1.5.4"><h4>1.5.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>Not applicable.</p><p>See <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Economic evidence</h3></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1.7"><h3>1.7. Included studies</h3><p>No relevant health economic studies were identified.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s1.8"><h3>1.8. Excluded studies</h3><p>No health economic studies that were relevant to this question were excluded due to assessment of limited applicability or methodological limitations.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng196er4.appg">appendix G</a>.</p><div id="niceng196er4.s1.8.1"><h4>1.8.1. Unit costs</h4><p>Outlined in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab2">Table 2</a>is a description of each risk tool and any additional healthcare resources required. As demonstrated in the table most risk tools require a review of the person’s medical history and in some cases computer access to complete algorithms. Only the ABC bleeding risk score required additional tests (biomarker assays), which would be an additional cost to the NHS.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab2"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Bleeding risk tools." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Bleeding risk tools. </p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2"><h2 id="_niceng196er4_s2_">2. Accuracy of risk stratification tools for predicting bleeding events in people with atrial fibrillation</h2><div id="niceng196er4.s2.1"><h3>2.1. Introduction</h3><p>See evidence review E.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.2"><h3>2.2. Review question: What is the most accurate risk stratification tool for predicting bleedingevents in people with atrial fibrillation?</h3><p>For full details see review protocol in <a href="#niceng196er4.appa">Appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab3"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3"><h3>2.3. Clinical evidence</h3><p>We searched for cohort studies covering the validation of risk assessment tools for bleeding in people with AF. 54studies evaluating the accuracy of bleedingrisk tools for people with atrial fibrillation were included in the review<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref3" rid="niceng196er4.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref5" rid="niceng196er4.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref8" rid="niceng196er4.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref11" rid="niceng196er4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref14" rid="niceng196er4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref19" rid="niceng196er4.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a><sup>-</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref21" rid="niceng196er4.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref23" rid="niceng196er4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref25" rid="niceng196er4.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref30" rid="niceng196er4.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a><sup>-</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref33" rid="niceng196er4.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref36" rid="niceng196er4.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a><sup>-</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref39" rid="niceng196er4.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref41" rid="niceng196er4.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref52" rid="niceng196er4.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref54" rid="niceng196er4.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref56" rid="niceng196er4.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a><sup>-</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref58" rid="niceng196er4.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref63" rid="niceng196er4.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref65" rid="niceng196er4.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref71" rid="niceng196er4.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref74" rid="niceng196er4.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref77" rid="niceng196er4.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref88" rid="niceng196er4.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref90" rid="niceng196er4.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref91" rid="niceng196er4.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref95" rid="niceng196er4.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref103" rid="niceng196er4.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref110" rid="niceng196er4.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref113" rid="niceng196er4.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a><sup>-</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref117" rid="niceng196er4.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref119" rid="niceng196er4.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref120" rid="niceng196er4.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref125" rid="niceng196er4.ref125"><sup>125</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref126" rid="niceng196er4.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref128" rid="niceng196er4.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref135" rid="niceng196er4.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a><sup>-</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref138" rid="niceng196er4.ref138"><sup>138</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref142" rid="niceng196er4.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref146" rid="niceng196er4.ref146"><sup>146</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref147" rid="niceng196er4.ref147"><sup>147</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref154" rid="niceng196er4.ref154"><sup>154</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref158" rid="niceng196er4.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a>whichare summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab4">Table 4</a> below.The different risk schemes are outlined in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab3">Table 3</a>.Evidence from these studies is summarised in the GRADE clinical evidence profilesbelow (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab4">Tables 4</a>-<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab13" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab13">13</a>). See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng196er4.appb">Appendix B</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#niceng196er4.appe">Appendix E</a>, forest plots in <a href="#niceng196er4.appd">Appendix D</a>, and excluded studies list in <a href="#niceng196er4.apph">Appendix H</a>.</p><p>This review evaluates the accuracy of the risk tools to predict bleeding, with reference to their discriminatory capabilities (sensitivity, specificity, and C statistics), calibration statistics and Atrial fibrillation update the Net Reclassification Index. The reference standard was the incidence (or not) of major bleeding (or other bleeding categories) at follow up.Only studies where all patients were anticoagulated (or where an anticoagulated sub-group were a separately analysed) were included; this was because the aim of the review is to establish which tool can best predict bleeding in those people who are taking anticoagulation.</p><p>Analyses were by cohort rather than study; that is, where a study included separate analyses for different OACs, these were analysed as separate cohorts (as if they were separate studies). This approach facilitated sub-grouping for different OACs if heterogeneity was detected.</p><p>For sub-grouping by OAC, cohorts were categorised into 1) VKA cohorts, 2) Mixed VKA/DOAC/unclear category cohorts and 3) DOACcohorts. For sub-grouping by antiplatelets use, cohorts were categorised into 1) cohorts with <33% on antiplatelets/NSAIDs/aspirin, 2)cohorts with >33%on antiplatelets, and 3) cohorts where the number on antiplatelets were not reported.</p><p>Separate analyses were performed for 1) major bleeding, 2) clinically relevant bleeding and 3) intracranial bleeding. Data concerning other forms of bleeding were not analysed in this review as they were deemed to overlap with these 3 categories, though available dataare outlined in the clinical evidence tables.</p><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3.1"><h4>Summary of included studies</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab4"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Summary of studies included in the review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the review. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab5"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab5" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Summary of risk tools and their constituent variables." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of risk tools and their constituent variables. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3.2"><h4>2.3.1. Discriminationfor MAJOR BLEEDING</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab6"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab6" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of Major Bleedingin all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I2to <50% in all sub-groups." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of Major Bleedingin all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I<sup>2</sup>to <50% in all sub-groups. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab7"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab7" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Table 7. Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of Major Bleeding in all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results; for meta-analysed results the 95% credible intervals are given for the pooled effect only." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab7">Table 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of Major Bleeding in all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results; for meta-analysed results the 95% credible intervals are given for <a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab7">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3.3"><h4>2.3.2. Calibrationfor MAJOR BLEEDING</h4><p>Calibration waspredominantlyreportedwith graphical rather than numerical data. Hence this section has been dealt with narratively.</p><p>Several studies merely reported a non-comparative‘adequate’calibration, usuallybased on a Hosmer-Lemeshow p value >0.05. ‘Adequate’ goodness of fit was thus described for ATRIA<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref4" rid="niceng196er4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref14" rid="niceng196er4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref63" rid="niceng196er4.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a>, HAS-BLED<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref4" rid="niceng196er4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref14" rid="niceng196er4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref63" rid="niceng196er4.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref71" rid="niceng196er4.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a>, HEMORRHAGES<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref4" rid="niceng196er4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref14" rid="niceng196er4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref63" rid="niceng196er4.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref71" rid="niceng196er4.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a>, ORBIT<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref14" rid="niceng196er4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a>, Shireman<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref71" rid="niceng196er4.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a>, mOBRI/Beyth<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref71" rid="niceng196er4.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a>, Kuijer<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref71" rid="niceng196er4.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a>and ABC<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref11" rid="niceng196er4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref23" rid="niceng196er4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref54" rid="niceng196er4.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a>. It was not possible, based on these data, to compare thelevels of calibration acrossthese tools.</p><p>However, some studies performed a relative, albeit qualitatively described,evaluation, which was based on inspection of calibration plots. Hilkens, 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref58" rid="niceng196er4.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a>stated that ORBIT had a better calibration at 2 years than HEMORRHAGES, ATRIA, Shireman and HAS-BLED. ORBIT was also regarded as better calibrated than HAS-BLED and ATRIA by fourfurther studies,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref77" rid="niceng196er4.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref91" rid="niceng196er4.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref114" rid="niceng196er4.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref158" rid="niceng196er4.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a>although Mori, 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref88" rid="niceng196er4.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a>did not note a difference.ATRIA was identified as the least wellcalibrated by twoof the studies<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref91" rid="niceng196er4.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref158" rid="niceng196er4.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a>but better than HAS-BLED by one<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref114" rid="niceng196er4.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a>. Proietti 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref114" rid="niceng196er4.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a>noted that whilst ORBIT had the best calibration over all risk strata, HEMORRHAGES tended to underestimate risk, particularly in patients with a higher predicted risk, whereas ATRIA and HAS-BLED tended to over-estimate bleeding risk. Similarly, O’Brien<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref91" rid="niceng196er4.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a>noted that whilst ORBIT was good at predicting risk in all risk strata, HAS-BLED tended to have worse calibration in low-risk strata, and ATRIA performed badly at mostrisk strata. Claxton, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref23" rid="niceng196er4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a>evaluated the calibration of the Anticoagulation-specific bleeding score (ASBS) alone, demonstrating good calibration. Calibration plots are shown below.</p><p>Note that Lip, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref77" rid="niceng196er4.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a>, Mori, 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref88" rid="niceng196er4.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a>and Yao, 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref158" rid="niceng196er4.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a>only used DOACcohorts, but O’Brien, 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref91" rid="niceng196er4.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a>and Claxton, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref23" rid="niceng196er4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a>used a mixed cohort. Both Hilkens, 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref58" rid="niceng196er4.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a>and Proietti, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref114" rid="niceng196er4.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a>contained separate cohorts of patients taking dabigatran and warfarin, but it appears that the plots reproduced below were from their total, mixed, cohort. It should also be noted that Proietti 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref114" rid="niceng196er4.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a>failed to specify if calibration data referredto major bleeding, although major bleedingis assumedto be the most likely bleeding</p><div id="niceng196er4.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng196er4f1&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f1.jpg" alt="Image niceng196er4f1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><p>Source: Calibration plot in Claxton, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref23" rid="niceng196er4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a>. This was for the Anticoagulation-specific bleeding score and was based on a mixed (VKA and DOAC) cohort.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.fig2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng196er4f2&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f2.jpg" alt="Image niceng196er4f2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><p>Source: Calibration plot in Hilkens, 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref58" rid="niceng196er4.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a>. This was based on a mixed (VKA and DOAC) cohort.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng196er4f3&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f3.jpg" alt="Image niceng196er4f3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><p>Source: Calibration plot in Proietti et al. 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref114" rid="niceng196er4.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a>(bleeding risk scores calibration between derivation cohorts and RE-LY cohort events rates). This probably relates to their total, mixed, cohort.</p></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figniceng196er4fig4" co-legend-rid="figlgndniceng196er4fig4"><a href="/books/NBK571344/figure/niceng196er4.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4fig4" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4fig4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f4.gif" src-large="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f4.jpg" alt="Figure 1. <Insert graphic title here>." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndniceng196er4fig4"><h4 id="niceng196er4.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK571344/figure/niceng196er4.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4fig4">Figure 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin"><Insert graphic title here>. </p></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.fig5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng196er4f5&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f5.jpg" alt="Image niceng196er4f5" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><p>Source: Calibration plot in Lip, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref77" rid="niceng196er4.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a>. This was based on an exclusively DOAC-using cohort.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.fig6" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng196er4f6&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f6.jpg" alt="Image niceng196er4f6" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><p>Source: Calibration plot in Yao, 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref158" rid="niceng196er4.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a>. This was based on an exclusively DOAC-using cohort.</p></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3.4"><h4>2.3.3. Net Reclassification improvementfor MAJOR BLEEDING</h4><p>Several studies reported the Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI). This is expressed in terms of one (index) risk tool to another (comparator) risk tool, and gives a score between −2 and +2 (with +2 representing the best possible performance of the index tool relative to the comparator, and −2 the worst). The score represents the net improvement of the index test relative to the comparator in terms of the proportion of true cases (judged by later development of bleeding) that are correctly up-classified by the tool (relative to any false negative classifications yielded by the comparator), and the proportion of false cases (judged by the lack of later bleeding) that are correctly down-classified by the tool (relative to any false positive classifications yielded by the comparator). Meanwhile, incorrect up-classification or incorrect down-classification of the index relative to the comparator convey negative scores to the NRI, and so if a score is negative overall this indicates the index is less accurate than the comparator.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab8"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab8" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Table 8. NRI for major bleeding – HAS-BLED versus other tools." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab8">Table 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">NRI for major bleeding – HAS-BLED versus other tools. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab9"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab9" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Table 9. NRI for major bleeding – ATRIA versus other tools." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab9">Table 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">NRI for major bleeding – ATRIA versus other tools. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab10"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 10" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab10" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Table 10. NRI for major bleeding – HEMORRHAGES versus other tools." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab10">Table 10</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">NRI for major bleeding – HEMORRHAGES versus other tools. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab11"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 11" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab11" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Table 11. NRI for major bleeding – ORBIT versus other tools." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab11">Table 11</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">NRI for major bleeding – ORBIT versus other tools. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab12"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 12" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab12" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Table 12. NRI for major bleeding – CHADSVASC versus other tools." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab12">Table 12</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">NRI for major bleeding – CHADSVASC versus other tools. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3.5"><h4>2.3.4. Discrimination for CLINICALLY RELEVANT BLEEDING</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab13"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 13" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab13" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab13"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab13/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab13/?report=previmg" alt="Table 13. Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of CRBin all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I2 to <50% in all sub-groups." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab13">Table 13</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of CRBin all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I2 to <50% in all sub-groups. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab14"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 14" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab14" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab14"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab14/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab14/?report=previmg" alt="Table 14. Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of clinically relevant bleedingin all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab14">Table 14</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of clinically relevant bleedingin all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3.6"><h4>2.3.5. Calibration for CLINICALLY RELEVANT BLEEDING</h4><p>Calibration was poorly reported in most papers, with all papers merely reporting the p value for Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics and proving a qualitative assessment of the relative calibration between tools. All studies simply reported a non-comparative ‘adequate’ calibration, usually based on a Hosmer-Lemeshow p value >0.05. ‘Adequate’ goodness of fit was thus described for ATRIA,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref4" rid="niceng196er4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref14" rid="niceng196er4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref63" rid="niceng196er4.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a>HAS-BLED,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref4" rid="niceng196er4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref14" rid="niceng196er4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref63" rid="niceng196er4.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref71" rid="niceng196er4.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a>HEMORRHAGES<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref4" rid="niceng196er4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref14" rid="niceng196er4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref63" rid="niceng196er4.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a>and ORBIT<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref14" rid="niceng196er4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a>. It was not possible, based on these data, to compare thelevels of calibration between these tools.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3.7"><h4>2.3.6. Net Reclassification improvement for CLINICALLY RELEVANT BLEEDING</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab15"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 15" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab15" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab15"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab15/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab15/?report=previmg" alt="Table 15. NRI for clinically relevant bleeding." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab15">Table 15</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">NRI for clinically relevant bleeding. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3.8"><h4>2.3.7. Discrimination for INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab16"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 16" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab16" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab16"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab16/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab16/?report=previmg" alt="Table 16. Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of ICHin all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I2 to <50% in all sub-groups." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab16">Table 16</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of ICHin all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I2 to <50% in all sub-groups. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab17"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 17" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab17" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab17"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab17/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab17/?report=previmg" alt="Table 17. Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of intracranial haemmorhagein all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab17">Table 17</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of intracranial haemmorhagein all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3.9"><h4>2.3.8. Calibration for INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE</h4><p>Proietti et al 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref114" rid="niceng196er4.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a>reported that the ORBIT score had best agreement between predicted and observed risks, that ATRIA had worst agreement and thatATRIA and HAS-BLED tended to overestimate the risk of bleeding. Meanwhile, HEMORRHAGES tended to underestimate bleeding risk. However it was unclear if this related specifically to intracranial bleeding.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.3.10"><h4>2.3.9. Net Reclassification improvement for INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng196er4tab18"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 18" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab18" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab18"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab18/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab18/?report=previmg" alt="Table 18. NRI for intracranial bleeding." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng196er4.tab18"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab18">Table 18</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">NRI for intracranial bleeding. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.4"><h3>2.4. Economic evidence</h3><div id="niceng196er4.s2.4.1"><h4>2.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were identified.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.4.2"><h4>2.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>No health economic studies that were relevant to this question were excluded due to assessment of limited applicability or methodological limitations.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng196er4.appd">appendix D</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.4.3"><h4>2.4.3. Unit costs</h4><p>See <a href="#niceng196er4.s1.8.1">1.8.1</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.5"><h3>2.5. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="niceng196er4.s2.5.1"><h4>2.5.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="niceng196er4.s2.5.1.1"><h5>2.5.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>No clinical evidence was generated by thereviewon the effectiveness of risk stratification tool for predicting bleeding. The committee discussed the predictive accuracy evidence only, as this was felt to be sufficient to inform recommendations relevant to the most appropriate methods to predict bleeding in people with AF, without the need for any consensus recommendations or research recommendations pertaining to the effectivenessreview.</p><p>The committee agreed that the most critical predictive accuracy outcome measures for decision-making were calibration data. This was because the committee agreed that the best use of bleeding risk tools was as a means to guide a shared patient/clinician plan for alleviating reversible risk factors for bleeding; such a plan would require an accurate measure of absolute risk, the accuracy of which is best measured by calibration outcome data. Accurate binary decision-thresholds, such as those measured by discrimination outcome data (C statistics or sensitivity/specificity) were regarded as less critical, given that bleeding risk tools were not regarded as a decision aid for anticoagulant use (see second paragraph in <a href="#niceng196er4.s2.5.1.3">section2.5.1.3</a>). Net reclassification improvement (NRI) data, although also less critical than calibration data, was regarded as slightly more important than C statistics or sensitivity/specificity because of its propensity to sensitively differentiate the accuracy of different tools.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.5.1.2"><h5>2.5.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>Evidence was generally deemed low or very low quality. Risk of bias was serious or very serious due to unclear methodology in terms of blinding of risk tool and outcome data, and in many studies the follow up time was short (<5 years) or involved few events (<100). The quality was also affected by serious or very serious heterogeneity.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.5.1.3"><h5>2.5.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>The benefit of an accurate estimation of bleeding risk is that this may prompt appropriate and directed alleviation of any reversible causes of bleeding, as well as allowing appropriate levels of vigilance during anticoagulation. One possible disadvantage (harm) of using bleeding risk tools is underestimating bleeding risk, which may lead to insufficient attention to preventable risk factors and insufficient monitoring. Another potential harm is over-estimating bleeding risk, which can lead to unnecessary over-vigilance and possibly reluctance on the part of the patient (and maybe clinician) to commence anticoagulation. Thus using accurate bleeding risk prediction tools was seen by the committee as vital to maximise benefits and minimise harms.</p><p>The committee discussed the commonly observed clinical practice of using the bleeding risk score as a counterbalance to the stroke risk score, which tends to be done in order to facilitate binary decisions about initiating anticoagulation. The drawbacks of this were discussed. Comparisons of the actual bleeding and stroke risk tool scores were regarded by the committee as largely meaningless, given the varying significance of scores across different tools. In addition, comparison of absolute stroke and bleeding risks (derived from the scores) was also regarded as potentially misleading in the context of a decision to anti-coagulate, because bleeding risk includes the risk of bleeding events of lower severity than a stroke. Thus, for example, the committee noted that an equal absolute risk of stroke and bleeding would not necessarily represent equipoise, as the two competing events might not be of comparable severity. Any assessment of risk must also weigh up the probability of an event occurring and consider the consequences of the event occurring. The committee reiterated the importance of using a bleeding risk tool to inform plans to reduce reversible causes of bleeding and to maintain appropriate levels of vigilanceduring anticoagulation, and that it should not be used as a threshold-based tool to determine if anticoagulation should take place.</p><p>The committee noted the importance of respecting any decision by an individual not to take anticoagulants. The committee were aware of the recommendations on tailoring healthcare services to the individual in the NICE guideline on patient experience of adult services (CG138).</p><p>Committee discussion focussed on tools where the weight of evidence was sufficient to warrant a recommendation. Therefore for tools that had been investigated in only one or two smaller studies, relatively little consideration was given to their possible useeven if predictive accuracy was encouraging. In addition, for those tools with larger amountsof evidence, the clearly less effective tools such as HEMORRHAGES(which had poorer calibration than ORBIT, HASBLED and ATRIA, as well as inferior discriminationand NRI)were given less consideration. Discussion focussed on three main tools: ORBIT, HAS-BLED and ATRIA, with the emphasis, as previously justified, on calibration data.</p><p>The calibration evidence suggested that ORBIT was better than HASBLED and ATRIA inaccurately predictingrisk of major bleeding. This was found in both mixed cohorts and DOAC-only cohorts. Importantly, ORBIT was better calibrated at all, and particularly higher, levels of risk. Given the relevance of calibration outcomes to the intended use of the tools - allowing an informed discussion about reversing modifiable risk factors and having an appropriate level of monitoring as a result of an accurate assessment of absolute risk - this finding was an important factor in the recommendation decision. Discrimination data were also discussed, and the committee agreed that the C statistics data supported the calibration data’s indication that ORBIT was the most appropriate tool. Although the C-statisticsevidence suggested little to choose between HAS-BLED, ATRIA and ORBIT for people on VKAs, the C statisticsevidence suggested that ORBIT was the most accurate tool to use for patients on DOACs. The committee noted that around 90% of patients were currently on DOACS, and that this proportion would continue to increase with time. Hence this supported ORBIT beingregarded as the most appropriate bleeding risk tool for current and future patients.The sensitivity and specificity data at the established thresholds suggested that HAS-BLED and other tools might be more sensitive than ORBIT in predicting who will bleed whilst on anticoagulants, but this was counterbalanced bythe greater specificity of ORBIT. In contrast to the situation when predicting strokes, reduced sensitivity of bleeding risk prediction was not regarded as a serious problem because failure to detect high bleeding risk would not necessarily change decisions. This was because prediction of bleeding would not be used to withhold anticoagulants; instead, the risk prediction would be used as an objective aid to discussion with the patient about the need to modify bleeding risks and to be vigilant about possible bleeding. Meanwhile, the NRI evidence was fairly equivocal, suggesting similarities between ORBIT and HAS-BLED, and the committee felt that it did not negate the calibration evidence that ORBIT was the most appropriate tool.</p><p>There was some discussion about a two-tier recommendation – recommending ORBIT for people on DOACs and continuing with HAS-BLED for those patients restricted to VKAs (given that HAS-BLED appears to be as accurate, based on discrimination data, as ORBIT and ATRIA in VKA populations). This idea was rejected, partly because it was believed that the people who would currently be given VKAs would tend to be different from the VKA populations in the included studies. The VKA study populations tended to be fairly typical samples of people with NVAF, because VKAs were the principal anticoagulant therapy available at the time of these studies. In contrast, patients currently being given VKAs would tend to be atypical (for example, people with serious renal dysfunction). The committee therefore believed that the evidence suggesting HAS-BLED might be appropriate for people on VKAs was not relevant to current users of VKAs. In addition, ORBIT was superior when measured by calibration outcomes in mixed cohorts. Given the greater relevance of calibration outcomes to the purported usage of bleeding risk tools, this strongly supported the decision to recommend ORBIT for all patients.</p><p>In addition to recommending ORBIT as a bleeding prediction tool, the committee also made recommendations on addressing the modifiable bleeding risk factors inherent in ORBIT, as well as the modifiable bleeding risk factors listed in the 2014 recommendations. Although the 2014 bleeding risk factors were related to the HAS-BLED, all were still thought to be relevant to a shared clinical decision on alleviating bleeding risk factors. Reversible causes of anaemia were listed as an additional modifiable risk factor as anaemia is a component of the ORBIT tool.</p><p>The committee were of the opinion that the decision to withhold anticoagulation because of concerns over bleeding risk meant depriving a patient of a treatment which, were it not for the bleeding risk, might have been of benefit in stroke prevention. As a number of factors contributing to bleeding risk are dynamic and also potentially correctable, the committee considered that the decision to withhold anticoagulation should not be made in perpetuity but should be subject to regular review and reconsideration as appropriate. They also thought it important that both the review and the outcome of the review should be documented.The committee expressed concern that anticoagulation was often erroneously not initiated due to a perceived high risk of falls, even though a very large number of falls (in excess of 300 per year) are known to be necessary to significantly increase the risk of bleeding. In addition, the committee noted that old age is often used as a reason to not anti-coagulate, even though age is already a factor in the bleeding risk tools used (and therefore would already be accounted for). Therefore the 2014 recommendation that anticoagulation should not be withheld because of the risk of falling was maintained, with an additional note that age should also not be a factor encouraging non-anticoagulation. The committee discussed referring to frailty in the recommendation but given it is so difficult to define they decided against this.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.5.1.4"><h5>2.5.1.4. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>No relevant health economic analyses were identified for this review. The committee discussed the different resource use for the different tests, in particular it was noted that ORBIT required knowledge of whether a patient had reduced haemoglobin or haematocrit. This was not part of the HAS-BLED score, the previously recommended bleeding risk tool, and so would be a change from current practice. The committee noted however that this should be available from patient history and so is unlikely to require additional NHS resource.</p><p>The committee also discussed the importance of using the most accurately calibratedbleeding tool as this would help to accurately identify individuals at higher risk of bleeding and therefore prompt the physicians to modify any bleeding risk factors and ensure adequate monitoring is provided. A more accurate tool, as demonstrated with the calibration data presented for ORBIT, would ensure the correct patients are being monitored and so NHS resources would be used more efficiently. That is only those who are truly at higher risk of bleeding are being monitored.</p><p>The committee agreed that there was sufficient clinical evidence of superiority for ORBIT to warrant an inevitablechange in practice.It involves measuring some parameters, such as haemoglobin and haematocrit, that are not included in the HAS-BLED tool used in current practice. However, the committee agreed that these factors would be measured routinely for people starting anticoagulation, regardless of the risk tool used, so extra resources are unlikely to be needed.</p></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.s2.5.2"><h4>2.5.2. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>Thecommitteenoted that people from black and ethnic minoritygroups do have a greater risk of stroke but the relationship with atrial fibrillation is unclear. For example, it is not clearif it Atrial fibrillation update isthe presence of comorbidities or ethnic group, or an interaction beween these, that increases the risk of stroke. The committee also noted that a greater proportion of people from black and ethnic minority groups are undiagnosed compared to the general population. This is in part related to who is targeted for screening which is outside of the remit of this guideline.</p><p>The use of the ORBIT score is a change in practice, and may lead to some implementation hurdles. One potential problem is that ORBIT does not measure all of the modifiable risk factors previously included in HAS-BLED. At first sight this appears to imply additional testing is needed to ensure that all modifiable risk factors are measured. We would argue that whether ORBIT or HAS-BLED are used does not actually change the amount of modifiable risk factor investigations that need to be carried out by the investigating clinician. For example, full blood count, labile INR, blood pressure, liver function tests and renal function tests will need to be carried out in either case to evaluate whether current bleeding, increased blood pressure or treatable liver or renal disorders are present, each of which can be treated if needed to reduce bleeding risk. The only difference is that the results of labile INR, blood pressure, liver function tests and renal function tests will feed into informing the HAS-BLED score whereas haemoglobin and renal function results (GFR) will feed into the ORBIT score. This does not make ORBIT any more costly in terms of clinician time and resources, as other variables in ORBIT do not require invasive investigations. It could be argued that if the modifiable risk factors are not part of the tool then clinicians will not be prompted to discuss their modification. This is unlikely provided good practice is observed, as knowledge of the modifiable risk factors of bleeding is a basic clinical skill for any clinician dealing with AF patients, and such prompting should not be necessary. Another potential problem is that recommended bleeding risk evaluation for other conditions (such as venous thromboembolism) does not use ORBIT. This means that if ORBIT is used for AF, another tool (such as HAS-BLED) has to be used for other conditions. We would argue that if other tools need to be used for other conditions this does not constitute a major hurdle for clinicians, as the use of these tools is not difficult, and access to the online versions is straightforward. Nevertheless, to avoid clinician confusion with the unfamiliar tool, there will be a need for an initial transition period when new practices are being learned. This may require re-education in both primary and secondary care, which will have a resource impact, although this will be a time-limited impact, as each clinician will require limited training. Finally, unlike HAS-BLED, ORBIT is not embedded in the GP system. This will initially lead to the need to work outside this system, causing some practical difficulties. It is hoped, however, that ORBIT will eventually become embedded in the GP system. Again, this will have a resource impact, but given that centralised software changes are unlikely to be too difficult, the impact is not believed to be too large. 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TF, Lip
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TF, Lip
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PL, Teoh
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X, Hua
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CM, Ching
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ME, Foo
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D. Anticoagulation use and predictors of stroke, bleeding and mortality in multi-ethnic Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: A single centre experience. Medical Journal of Malaysia. 2016; 71(5):256–258 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28064291" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28064291</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref23">Claxton
|
|
JS, MacLehose
|
|
RF, Lutsey
|
|
PL, Norby
|
|
FL, Chen
|
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LY, O’Neal
|
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WT
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et al. A new model to predict major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation using warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants. PloS One. 2018; 13(9):e0203599 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6130859/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6130859</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30199542" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30199542</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref24">Coleman
|
|
CI, Vaitsiakhovich
|
|
T, Nguyen
|
|
E, Weeda
|
|
ER, Sood
|
|
NA, Bunz
|
|
TJ
|
|
et al. Agreement between coding schemas used to identify bleeding-related hospitalizations in claims analyses of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients. Clinical Cardiology. 2018; 41(1):119–125 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6489698/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6489698</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29360144" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29360144</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref25">Dalgaard
|
|
F, Pieper
|
|
K, Verheugt
|
|
F, Camm
|
|
AJ, Fox
|
|
KA, Kakkar
|
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AK
|
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et al. GARFIELD-AF model for prediction of stroke and major bleeding in atrial fibrillation: a Danish nationwide validation study. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(11):e033283 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6858250/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6858250</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31719095" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31719095</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref26">Deitelzweig
|
|
SB, Jing
|
|
Y, Swindle
|
|
JP, Makenbaeva
|
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D. Reviewing a clinical decision aid for the selection of anticoagulation treatment in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: applications in a US managed care health plan database. Clinical Therapeutics. 2014; 36(11):1566–1573.e1563 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25438725" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25438725</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref27">Diemberger
|
|
I, Fantecchi
|
|
E, Reggiani
|
|
MLB, Martignani
|
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C, Angeletti
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A, Massaro
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G
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et al. Atrial fibrillation and prediction of mortality by conventional clinical score systems according to the setting of care. International Journal of Cardiology. 2018; 261:73–77 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29572083" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29572083</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref28">Donze
|
|
J, Rodondi
|
|
N, Waeber
|
|
G, Monney
|
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P, Cornuz
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J, Aujesky
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D. Scores to predict major bleeding risk during oral anticoagulation therapy: a prospective validation study. American Journal of Medicine. 2012; 125(11):1095–1102 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22939362" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22939362</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref29">Dukanovic
|
|
A, Staerk
|
|
L, Fosbol
|
|
EL, Gadsboll
|
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K, Gislason
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GH, Olesen
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JB. Predicted risk of stroke and bleeding and use of oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation: Danish nationwide temporal trends 2011–2016. Thrombosis Research. 2017; 160:19–26 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29080549" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29080549</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref30">Elvira-Ruiz
|
|
G, Caro-Martinez
|
|
C, Flores-Blanco
|
|
PJ, Cerezo-Manchado
|
|
JJ, Albendin-Iglesias
|
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H, Lova-Navarro
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A
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et al. Aortic valve stenosis provides complementary information to bleeding risk scores in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients initiating anticoagulation. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. 2020; 17(3):141–148 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7118015/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7118015</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32280330" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32280330</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref31">Esteve-Pastor
|
|
MA, Garcia-Fernandez
|
|
A, Macias
|
|
M, Sogorb
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F, Valdes
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M, Roldan
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V
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|
|
MA, Rivera-Caravaca
|
|
JM, Shantsila
|
|
A, Roldan
|
|
V, Lip
|
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GYH, Marin
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F. Assessing bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation patients: comparing a bleeding risk score based only on modifiable bleeding risk factors against the has-bled score. The AMADEUS Trial. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2017; 117(12):2261–2266 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29212113" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29212113</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref33">Fang
|
|
MC, Go
|
|
AS, Chang
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Y, Borowsky
|
|
LH, Pomernacki
|
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NK, Udaltsova
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N
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et al. A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: The ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2011; 58(4):395–401 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3175766/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3175766</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21757117" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21757117</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>34.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref34">Fanola
|
|
CL, Giugliano
|
|
RP, Ruff
|
|
CT, Trevisan
|
|
M, Nordio
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F, Mercuri
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MF
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et al. A novel risk prediction score in atrial fibrillation for a net clinical outcome from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 randomized clinical trial. European Heart Journal. 2017; 38(12):888–896 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28064150" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28064150</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>35.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref35">Fauchier
|
|
L, Chaize
|
|
G, Gaudin
|
|
AF, Vainchtock
|
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A, Rushton-Smith
|
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SK, Cotte
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FE. Predictive ability of HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, and ATRIA bleeding risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation. A French nationwide cross-sectional study. International Journal of Cardiology. 2016; 217:85–91 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27179213" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27179213</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref36">Fox
|
|
KAA, Lucas
|
|
JE, Pieper
|
|
KS, Bassand
|
|
JP, Camm
|
|
AJ, Fitzmaurice
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DA
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et al. Improved risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation: an integrated GARFIELD-AF tool for the prediction of mortality, stroke and bleed in patients with and without anticoagulation. BMJ Open. 2017; 7(12):e017157 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5778339/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5778339</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29273652" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29273652</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref37">Friberg
|
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L, Rosenqvist
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M, Lip
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GY. Evaluation of risk stratification schemes for ischaemic stroke and bleeding in 182 678 patients with atrial fibrillation: the Swedish Atrial Fibrillation cohort study. European Heart Journal. 2012; 33(12):1500–1510 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22246443" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22246443</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref38">Gage
|
|
BF, Yan
|
|
Y, Milligan
|
|
PE, Waterman
|
|
AD, Culverhouse
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R, Rich
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MW
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et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF). American Heart Journal. 2006; 151(3):713–719 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16504638" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16504638</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref39">Gallego
|
|
P, Roldan
|
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V, Torregrosa
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JM, Galvez
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J, Valdes
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M, Vicente
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V
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et al. Relation of the HAS-BLED bleeding risk score to major bleeding, cardiovascular events, and mortality in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 2012; 5(2):312–318 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22319005" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22319005</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref40">Garcia-Fernandez
|
|
A, Marin
|
|
F, Roldan
|
|
V, Galcera-Jornet
|
|
E, Martinez-Martinez
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JG, Valdes
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M
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et al. The HAS-BLED score predicts long-term major bleeding and death in anticoagulated non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients undergoing electrical cardioversion. International Journal of Cardiology. 2016; 217:42–48 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27179207" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27179207</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>41.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref41">Garcia-Fernandez
|
|
A, Roldan
|
|
V, Rivera-Caravaca
|
|
JM, Hernandez-Romero
|
|
D, Valdes
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M, Vicente
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V
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GJ. Balancing stroke and bleeding risk using CHA2DS2-VASc in treatment of primary care patients with Atrial Fibrillation. 2012. Available from: <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00985604/full" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.cochranelibrary<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.com/central/doi/10<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.1002/central/CN-00985604/full</a> Last accessed: 21/01/2020.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref43">Giustozzi
|
|
MG, Vedovati
|
|
MC, Verso
|
|
M, Conti
|
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S, Verdecchia
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P, Bogliari
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G
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et al. Predictors of major bleeding in patients aged 90 years or over with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulant treatment. European Heart Journal. 2018; 39:(Suppl 1):1309</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref44">Gorman
|
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EW, Perkel
|
|
D, Dennis
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D, Yates
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J, Heidel
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RE, Wortham
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D. Validation of the HAS-BLED tool in atrial fibrillation patients receiving rivaroxaban. Journal of Atrial Fibrillation. 2016; 9(2):1461 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5129694/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5129694</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27909541" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27909541</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>45.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref45">Guo
|
|
Y, Apostolakis
|
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S, Blann
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|
AD, Wang
|
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H, Zhao
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X, Zhang
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Y
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et al. Validation of contemporary stroke and bleeding risk stratification scores in non-anticoagulated Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation. International Journal of Cardiology. 2013; 168(2):904–909 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23167998" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23167998</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>46.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref46">Guo
|
|
Y, Lane
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DA, Chen
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Y, Lip
|
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GYH, m AFAIITi. Regular bleeding risk assessment associated with reduction in bleeding outcomes: the mAFA-II randomized trial. American Journal of Medicine. 2020; 133(10):1195–1202.e1192. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32289310" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32289310</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>47.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref47">Guo
|
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Y, Zhu
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H, Chen
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Y, Lip
|
|
GYH. Comparing bleeding risk assessment focused on modifiable risk factors only versus validated bleeding risk scores in atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Medicine. 2018; 131(2):185–192 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28943382" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28943382</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>48.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref48">Guo
|
|
YT, Zhang
|
|
Y, Shi
|
|
XM, Shan
|
|
ZL, Wang
|
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CJ, Wang
|
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YT
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et al. Assessing bleeding risk in 4824 Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: The Beijing PLA Hospital Atrial Fibrillation Project. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6:31755 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4997334/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4997334</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27557876" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27557876</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>49.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref49">Hijazi
|
|
Z, Lindahl
|
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B, Oldgren
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J, Andersson
|
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U, Lindback
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J, Granger
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CB
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et al. Repeated measurements of cardiac biomarkers in atrial fibrillation and validation of the ABC stroke score over time. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2017; 6(6):23 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5669148/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5669148</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28645934" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28645934</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>50.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref50">Hijazi
|
|
Z, Lindback
|
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J, Alexander
|
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JH, Hanna
|
|
M, Held
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C, Hylek
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EM
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et al. The ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history) stroke risk score: a biomarker-based risk score for predicting stroke in atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal. 2016; 37(20):1582–1590 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4875560/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4875560</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26920728" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26920728</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>51.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref51">Hijazi
|
|
Z, Lindback
|
|
J, Siegbahn
|
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A, Alexander
|
|
JH, Held
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C, Hanna
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M
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et al. A new biomarker based risk score for predicting major bleeding in atrial fibrillation-the ABC (age, biomarkers, current disease) risk score. European Heart Journal. 2014; 1:357</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>52.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref52">Hijazi
|
|
Z, Oldgren
|
|
J, Andersson
|
|
U, Connolly
|
|
SJ, Eikelboom
|
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JW, Ezekowitz
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MD
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|
|
Z, Oldgren
|
|
J, Lindback
|
|
J, Alexander
|
|
J, Connolly
|
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S, Eikelboom
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J
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et al. External validation of the biomarker-based ABC-bleeding risk score for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2016; 67:(13 Suppl):893</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>54.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref54">Hijazi
|
|
Z, Oldgren
|
|
J, Lindback
|
|
J, Alexander
|
|
JH, Connolly
|
|
SJ, Eikelboom
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JW
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et al. The novel biomarker-based ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history)-bleeding risk score for patients with atrial fibrillation: a derivation and validation study. Lancet. 2016; 387(10035):2302–2311 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27056738" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27056738</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>55.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref55">Hijazi
|
|
Z, Oldgren
|
|
J, Lindback
|
|
J, Alexander
|
|
JH, Connolly
|
|
SJ, Eikelboom
|
|
JW
|
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et al. A biomarker-based risk score to predict death in patients with atrial fibrillation: the ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history) death risk score. European Heart Journal. 2018; 39(6):477–485 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5837352/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5837352</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29069359" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29069359</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>56.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref56">Hijazi
|
|
Z, Siegbahn
|
|
A, Andersson
|
|
U, Granger
|
|
CB, Alexander
|
|
JH, Atar
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D
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et al. High-sensitivity troponin I for risk assessment in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial. Circulation. 2014; 129(6):625–634 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24226808" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24226808</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>57.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref57">Hijazi
|
|
Z, Wallentin
|
|
L, Siegbahn
|
|
A, Andersson
|
|
U, Alexander
|
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JH, Atar
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D
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et al. High-sensitivity troponin T and risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation during treatment with apixaban or warfarin. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2014; 63(1):52–61 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24055845" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24055845</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>58.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref58">Hilkens
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NA, Algra
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A, Greving
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|
JP. Predicting major bleeding in ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. Stroke. 2017; 48(11):3142–3144 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28931618" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28931618</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>59.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref59">Hippisley-Cox
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J, Coupland
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C. Predicting risk of upper gastrointestinal bleed and intracranial bleed with anticoagulants: cohort study to derive and validate the QBleed scores. BMJ. 2014; 349:g4606 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4113281/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4113281</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25069704" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25069704</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>60.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref60">Hippisley-Cox
|
|
J, Coupland
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C, Brindle
|
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P. The performance of seven QPrediction risk scores in an independent external sample of patients from general practice: a validation study. BMJ Open. 2014; 4(8):e005809 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4156807/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4156807</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25168040" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25168040</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>61.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref61">Iwasaki
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Y. Clinical usefulness of ATRIA score to predict cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting. European Heart Journal. 2018; 39:(Suppl 1):1296</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>62.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref62">Jaakkola
|
|
S, Kiviniemi
|
|
TO, Nuotio
|
|
I, Hartikainen
|
|
J, Mustonen
|
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P, Palomaki
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A
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et al. Usefulness of the CHADS2-VASc and HAS-BLED Scores in predicting the risk of stroke versus intracranial bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (from the FibStroke study). American Journal of Cardiology. 2018; 121(10):1182–1186 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29526276" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29526276</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>63.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref63">Jaspers Focks
|
|
J, van Vugt
|
|
SPG, Albers-Akkers
|
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MTH, Lamfers
|
|
EJP, Bloem-de Vries
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LM, Verheugt
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FWA
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et al. Low performance of bleeding risk models in the very elderly with atrial fibrillation using vitamin K antagonists. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2016; 14(9):1715–1724 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27172860" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27172860</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>64.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref64">Jensen
|
|
M, Skjoeth
|
|
F, Nielsen
|
|
PB, Larsen
|
|
TB, Melgaard
|
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L, Lip
|
|
GYH. Stroke and bleeding risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: Prospective validation of the EHRA classification in a nationwide cohort study. European Heart Journal. 2018; 39:(Suppl 1):25</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>65.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref65">Jover
|
|
E, Roldan
|
|
V, Gallego
|
|
P, Hernandez-Romero
|
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D, Valdes
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M, Vicente
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V
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et al. Predictive value of the CHA2DS2-VASc score in atrial fibrillation patients at high risk for stroke despite oral anticoagulation. Revista Española de Cardiología. 2012; 65(7):627–633 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22609214" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22609214</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>66.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref66">Kearon
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C. In AF, ABC scores predicted stroke or major bleeding better than CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, respectively. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2019; 170(12):JC71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31207624" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31207624</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>67.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref67">Lamberts
|
|
M, Staerk
|
|
L, Olesen
|
|
JB, Fosbol
|
|
EL, Hansen
|
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ML, Harboe
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L
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et al. Major bleeding complications and persistence with oral anticoagulation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: Contemporary findings in real-life Danish patients. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2017; 6(2):e004517 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5523754/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5523754</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196815" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28196815</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>68.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref68">Lee
|
|
KT, Chang
|
|
SH, Yeh
|
|
YH, Tu
|
|
HT, Chan
|
|
YH, Kuo
|
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CT
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et al. The CHA2DS2-VASc Score predicts major bleeding in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients who take oral anticoagulants. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 7(10):1–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6210214/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6210214</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30304802" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30304802</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>69.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref69">Li Kam Wa
|
|
ME, Khouri
|
|
A, Whitfield
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|
M, Amin
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R, Mohamed
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MO, McWilliams
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N
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et al. The ARDVAARC study: real-world outcomes and the utility of bleeding risk scores in patients who require anticoagulation following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). European Heart Journal. 2018; 39 (Suppl 1):1333</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>70.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref70">Lip
|
|
GY, Banerjee
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A, Lagrenade
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I, Lane
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DA, Taillandier
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S, Fauchier
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L. Assessing the risk of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation project. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 2012; 5(5):941–948 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22923275" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22923275</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>71.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref71">Lip
|
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GY, Frison
|
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L, Halperin
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JL, Lane
|
|
DA. Comparative validation of a novel risk score for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) score. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2011; 57(2):173–180 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21111555" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21111555</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>72.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref72">Lip
|
|
GY, Lin
|
|
HJ, Hsu
|
|
HC, Su
|
|
TC, Chen
|
|
MF, Lee
|
|
YT
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et al. Comparative assessment of the HAS-BLED score with other published bleeding risk scoring schemes, for intracranial haemorrhage risk in a non-atrial fibrillation population: the Chin-Shan Community Cohort Study. International Journal of Cardiology. 2013; 168(3):1832–1836 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23336959" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23336959</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>73.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref73">Lip
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GYH. Can we predict stroke in atrial fibrillation?
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Clinical Cardiology. 2012; 35(SUPPL. 1):21–27 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6652729/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6652729</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22246948" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22246948</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>74.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref74">Lip
|
|
GYH, Haguenoer
|
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K, Saint-Etienne
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C, Fauchier
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L. Relationship of the SAMe-TT2R2 score to poor-quality anticoagulation, stroke, clinically relevant bleeding, and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2014; 146(3):719–726 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24722973" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24722973</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>75.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref75">Lip
|
|
GYH, Jensen
|
|
M, Melgaard
|
|
L, Skjoth
|
|
F, Nielsen
|
|
PB, Larsen
|
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TB. Stroke and bleeding risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: evaluating ‘valvular heart disease’ in a nationwide cohort study. Europace: European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology. 2018; 06:1–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29986001" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29986001</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>76.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref76">Lip
|
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GYH, Lane
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DA, Buller
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H, Apostolakis
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S. Development of a novel composite stroke and bleeding risk score in patients with atrial fibrillation: the AMADEUS Study. Chest. 2013; 144(6):1839–1847 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24009027" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24009027</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>77.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref77">Lip
|
|
GYH, Skjoth
|
|
F, Nielsen
|
|
PB, Kjaeldgaard
|
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JN, Larsen
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TB. The HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and ORBIT bleeding scores in atrial fibrillation patients using non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. American Journal of Medicine. 2018; 131(5):574.e513–574.e527 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29274754" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29274754</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>78.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref78">Lobos-Bejarano
|
|
JM, Barrios
|
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V, Polo-Garcia
|
|
J, Escobar
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C, Vargas-Ortega
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D, Marin-Montanes
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et al. Evaluation of SAMe-TT2R2 score and other clinical factors influencing the quality of anticoagulation therapy in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a nationwide study in Spain. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2016; 32(7):1201–1207 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26967541" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26967541</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>79.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref79">Loewen
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P, Dahri
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K. Risk of bleeding with oral anticoagulants: an updated systematic review and performance analysis of clinical prediction rules. Annals of Hematology. 2011; 90(10):1191–1200 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21670974" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21670974</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>80.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref80">Lv
|
|
MN, Zheng
|
|
XC, Zhang
|
|
HQ, Xu
|
|
FD, Wu
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TT, Chen
|
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WJ
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et al. Comparison of clinical performance of four gastrointestinal bleeding risk scores in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulants. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 2020; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02152-1" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://doi<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.org/10.1007<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/s11239-020-02152-1</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32462540" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32462540</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>81.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref81">Maeda
|
|
T, Nishi
|
|
T, Funakoshi
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|
S, Tada
|
|
K, Tsuji
|
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M, Satoh
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A
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et al. Risks of bleeding and stroke based on CHA2DS2-VASc scores in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: a large-scale observational study using real-world data. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020; 9(5):e014574 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7335551/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7335551</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32106743" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32106743</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>82.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref82">Marcucci
|
|
M, Lip
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GY, Nieuwlaat
|
|
R, Pisters
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R, Crijns
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HJ, Iorio
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A. Stroke and bleeding risk co-distribution in real-world patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. American Journal of Medicine. 2014; 127(10):979–986.e972 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24838192" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24838192</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>83.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref83">Marcucci
|
|
M, Nobili
|
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A, Tettamanti
|
|
M, Iorio
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A, Pasina
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L, Djade
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CD
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et al. Joint use of cardio-embolic and bleeding risk scores in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2013; 24(8):800–806 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24035703" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24035703</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>84.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref84">McAlister
|
|
FA, Wiebe
|
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N, Jun
|
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M, Sandhu
|
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R, James
|
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MT, McMurtry
|
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MS
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et al. Are existing risk scores for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation useful for prediction or risk adjustment in patients with chronic kidney disease?
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Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 33(2):243–252 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27956042" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27956042</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>85.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref85">McAlister
|
|
FA, Wiebe
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N, Ronksley
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PE, Healey
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JS. Although non-stroke outcomes are more common, stroke risk scores can be used for prediction in patients with atrial fibrillation. International Journal of Cardiology. 2018; 269:145–151 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30077531" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30077531</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>86.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref86">Methavigul
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K. Use of SAMe-TT2R2 score to predict the quality of anticoagulation control in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving warfarin in Thailand. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2020; 103(6):548–552</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>87.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref87">Molnar
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AO, Sood
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MM. Predicting in a predicament: stroke and hemorrhage risk prediction in dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation. Seminars in Dialysis. 2018; 31(1):37–47 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28699181" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28699181</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>88.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref88">Mori
|
|
N, Sotomi
|
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Y, Hirata
|
|
A, Hirayama
|
|
A, Sakata
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Y, Higuchi
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Y. External validation of the ORBIT bleeding score and the HAS-BLED score in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients using direct oral anticoagulants (Asian data from the DIRECT registry). American Journal of Cardiology. 2019; 124(7):1044–1048 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31353002" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31353002</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>89.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref89">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual [Updated October 2018]. London. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Available from: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/process/pmg20/chapter<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/introduction-and-overview</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26677490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26677490</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>90.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref90">Nielsen
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PB, Larsen
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TB, Lip
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GYH. Recalibration of the HAS-BLED score: should hemorrhagic stroke account for one or two points?
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Chest. 2016; 149(2):311–314 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26356508" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26356508</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>91.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref91">O’Brien
|
|
EC, Simon
|
|
DN, Thomas
|
|
LE, Hylek
|
|
EM, Gersh
|
|
BJ, Ansell
|
|
JE
|
|
et al. The ORBIT bleeding score: a simple bedside score to assess bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal. 2015; 36(46):3258–3264 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4670965/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4670965</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26424865" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26424865</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>92.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref92">O’Caoimh
|
|
R, Igras
|
|
E, Ramesh
|
|
A, Power
|
|
B, O’Connor
|
|
K, Liston
|
|
R. Assessing the appropriateness of oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in advanced frailty: use of stroke and bleeding risk-prediction models. The Journal of Frailty and Aging. 2017; 6(1):46–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28244558" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28244558</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>93.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref93">Okumura
|
|
K, Inoue
|
|
H, Atarashi
|
|
H, Yamashita
|
|
T, Tomita
|
|
H, Origasa
|
|
H
|
|
et al. Validation of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores in Japanese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the J-RHYTHM Registry. Circulation Journal. 2014; 78(7):1593–1599 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24759791" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24759791</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>94.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref94">Oldgren
|
|
J, Hijazi
|
|
Z, Lindback
|
|
J, Alexander
|
|
JH, Connolly
|
|
SJ, Eikelboom
|
|
JW
|
|
et al. Performance and validation of a novel biomarker-based stroke risk score for atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2016; 134(22):1697–1707 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27569438" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27569438</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>95.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref95">Olesen
|
|
JB, Lip
|
|
GY, Hansen
|
|
PR, Lindhardsen
|
|
J, Ahlehoff
|
|
O, Andersson
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Bleeding risk in ‘real world’ patients with atrial fibrillation: comparison of two established bleeding prediction schemes in a nationwide cohort. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2011; 9(8):1460–1467 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21624047" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21624047</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>96.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref96">Olesen
|
|
JB, Lip
|
|
GY, Lindhardsen
|
|
J, Lane
|
|
DA, Ahlehoff
|
|
O, Hansen
|
|
ML
|
|
et al. Risks of thromboembolism and bleeding with thromboprophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation: a net clinical benefit analysis using a ‘real world’ nationwide cohort study. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2011; 106(4):739–749 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21789337" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21789337</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>97.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref97">Olesen
|
|
JB, Lip
|
|
GYH, Hansen
|
|
PR, Lindhardsen
|
|
J, Ahlehoff
|
|
O, Andersson
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Predicting bleeding risk in “real world” patients with atrial fibrillation with or without anticoagulation: A comparison of two established bleeding prediction schemes in a nationwide cohort study. European Heart Journal. 2011; 1:671 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21624047" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21624047</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>98.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref98">Omran
|
|
H, Bauersachs
|
|
R, Rubenacker
|
|
S, Goss
|
|
F, Hammerstingl
|
|
C. The HAS-BLED score predicts bleedings during bridging of chronic oral anticoagulation. Results from the national multicentre BNK Online bRiDging REgistRy (BORDER). Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2012; 108(1):65–73 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22534746" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22534746</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>99.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref99">Pardo Sanz
|
|
A, Rincon
|
|
LM, Tamayo
|
|
A, De Lara
|
|
G, Contreras
|
|
H, Rueda
|
|
A
|
|
et al. Performance of atrial fibrillation ischemic and bleeding risk scores in patients with cancer. European Heart Journal. 2018; 39:(Suppl 1):305</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>100.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref100">Parks
|
|
AL, Fang
|
|
MC. Scoring systems for estimating the risk of anticoagulant-associated bleeding. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 2017; 43(5):514–524 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28359135" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28359135</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>101.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref101">Peacock
|
|
WF, Tamayo
|
|
S, Patel
|
|
M, Sicignano
|
|
N, Hopf
|
|
KP, Yuan
|
|
Z. CHA2DS2-VASc scores and major bleeding in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who are receiving rivaroxabans. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2017; 69(5):541–550.e541 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27913059" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27913059</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>102.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref102">Perez-Copete
|
|
J, Esteve-Pastor
|
|
MA, Roldan
|
|
V, Valdes
|
|
M, Marin
|
|
F. Thromboembolic and bleeding risk scores in atrial fibrillation. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia Suplementos. 2016; 16:(Suppl 1):25–32</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>103.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref103">Pisters
|
|
R, Lane
|
|
DA, Nieuwlaat
|
|
R, de Vos
|
|
CB, Crijns
|
|
HJ, Lip
|
|
GY. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest. 2010; 138(5):1093–1100 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20299623" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20299623</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>104.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref104">Poli
|
|
D, Antonucci
|
|
E, Grifoni
|
|
E, Carini
|
|
U, Ciampa
|
|
A, Da Col
|
|
P
|
|
et al. Low bleeding risk of very old atrial fibrillation women on VKA treatment: Results from a prospective collaborative study. on behalf of the ad hoc study group of FCSA. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2011; 2:886</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>105.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref105">Poli
|
|
D, Antonucci
|
|
E, Grifoni
|
|
E, Ciuti
|
|
G, Marcucci
|
|
R, Mannini
|
|
L
|
|
et al. Stroke risk in atrial fibrillation patients on warfarin: predictive ability of risk stratification schemes for primary and secondary prevention. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2009; 7:(Suppl 2):433 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19190823" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19190823</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>106.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref106">Poli
|
|
D, Antonucci
|
|
E, Grifoni
|
|
E, Di Gennaro
|
|
L, Falanga
|
|
A, Falco
|
|
P
|
|
et al. Bleeding risk in very old patients on VKA treatment: results of a prospective collaborative study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2011; 2:747</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>107.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref107">Poli
|
|
D, Antonucci
|
|
E, Grifoni
|
|
E, Marcucci
|
|
R, Mannini
|
|
L, Abbate
|
|
R
|
|
et al. Bleeding risk during oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients older than 80 years. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2009; 7:(Suppl 2):433</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>108.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref108">Poli
|
|
D, Antonucci
|
|
E, Marcucci
|
|
R, Fatini
|
|
C, Alterini
|
|
B, Mannini
|
|
L
|
|
et al. Risk of bleeding in very old atrial fibrillation patients on warfarin: relationship with ageing and CHADS2 score. Thrombosis Research. 2007; 121(3):347–352 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17597186" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17597186</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>109.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref109">Poli
|
|
D, Antonucci
|
|
E, Marongiu
|
|
F, Pengo
|
|
V, Testa
|
|
S, Tripodi
|
|
A
|
|
et al. Similar performance of HAS-BLED, CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASC scores in bleeding risk prediction of atrial fibrillation patients: the refined HAS-BED score results from the start register. Blood Transfusion. 2016; 14:(Suppl 5):S777</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>110.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref110">Poli
|
|
D, Antonucci
|
|
E, Pengo
|
|
V, Testa
|
|
S, Palareti
|
|
G. Comparison of HAS-BLED and HAS-BED versus CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASC stroke and bleeding scores in patients with atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 119(7):1012–1016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28237286" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28237286</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>111.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref111">Poli
|
|
D, Antonucci
|
|
E, Testa
|
|
S, Cosmi
|
|
B, Palareti
|
|
G, Ageno
|
|
W
|
|
et al. The predictive ability of bleeding risk stratification models in very old patients on vitamin K antagonist treatment for venous thromboembolism: results of the prospective collaborative EPICA study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2013; 11(6):1053–1058 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23578305" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23578305</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>112.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref112">Poli
|
|
D, Antonucci
|
|
E, Testa
|
|
S, Tosetto
|
|
A, Ageno
|
|
W, Palareti
|
|
G
|
|
et al. Bleeding risk in very old patients on vitamin K antagonist treatment: results of a prospective collaborative study on elderly patients followed by Italian Centres for Anticoagulation. Circulation. 2011; 124(7):824–829 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21810658" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21810658</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>113.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref113">Prochaska
|
|
JH, Gobel
|
|
S, Nagler
|
|
M, Knopfler
|
|
T, Eggebrecht
|
|
L, Lamparter
|
|
H
|
|
et al. Sustained atrial fibrillation increases the risk of anticoagulation-related bleeding in heart failure. Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2018; 107(12):1170–1179 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29948286" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29948286</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>114.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref114">Proietti
|
|
M, Hijazi
|
|
Z, Andersson
|
|
U, Connolly
|
|
SJ, Eikelboom
|
|
JW, Ezekowitz
|
|
MD
|
|
et al. Comparison of bleeding risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the RE-LY trial. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2018; 283(3):282–292 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29044861" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29044861</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>115.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref115">Proietti
|
|
M, Rivera-Caravaca
|
|
JM, Esteve-Pastor
|
|
MA, Romiti
|
|
GF, Marin
|
|
F, Lip
|
|
GYH. Predicting bleeding events in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: A comparison between the HAS-BLED and GARFIELD-AF bleeding scores. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2018; 7(18):e009766 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6222935/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6222935</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30371183" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30371183</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>116.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref116">Proietti
|
|
M, Senoo
|
|
K, Lane
|
|
DA, Lip
|
|
GY. Major bleeding in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: impact of time in therapeutic range on contemporary bleeding risk scores. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6:24376 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4828703/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4828703</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27067661" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27067661</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>117.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref117">Quinn
|
|
GR, Singer
|
|
DE, Chang
|
|
Y, Go
|
|
AS, Borowsky
|
|
LH, Fang
|
|
MC. How well do stroke risk scores predict hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation?
|
|
American Journal of Cardiology. 2016; 118(5):697–699 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5131634/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5131634</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27394408" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27394408</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>118.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref118">Rivera-Caravaca
|
|
JM, Marin
|
|
F, Esteve-Pastor
|
|
MA, Rana-Miguez
|
|
P, Anguita
|
|
M, Muniz
|
|
J
|
|
et al. Usefulness of the 2MACE score to predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 120(12):2176–2181 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29111209" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29111209</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>119.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref119">Rivera-Caravaca
|
|
JM, Marin
|
|
F, Vilchez
|
|
JA, Galvez
|
|
J, Esteve-Pastor
|
|
MA, Vicente
|
|
V
|
|
et al. Refining stroke and bleeding prediction in atrial fibrillation by adding consecutive biomarkers to clinical risk scores. Stroke. 2019; 50(6):1372–1379 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31084333" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31084333</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>120.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref120">Rivera-Caravaca
|
|
JM, Roldan
|
|
V, Esteve-Pastor
|
|
MA, Valdes
|
|
M, Vicente
|
|
V, Lip
|
|
GYH
|
|
et al. Importance of time in therapeutic range on bleeding risk prediction using clinical risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7(1):12066 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5608893/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5608893</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28935868" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28935868</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>121.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref121">Rivera-Caravaca
|
|
JM, Roldan
|
|
V, Esteve-Pastor
|
|
MA, Valdes
|
|
M, Vicente
|
|
V, Lip
|
|
GYH
|
|
et al. Long-term stroke risk prediction in ‘real world’ atrial fibrillation patients: a comparison of the ABC-stroke and CHA2DS2-VASc scores. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2017; 1 (Suppl 1):335–336</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>122.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref122">Rivera-Caravaca
|
|
JM, Roldan
|
|
V, Esteve-Pastor
|
|
MA, Valdes
|
|
M, Vicente
|
|
V, Marin
|
|
F
|
|
et al. Prediction of long-term net clinical outcomes using the TIMI-AF score: comparison with CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED. American Heart Journal. 2018; 197:27–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29447781" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29447781</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>123.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref123">Rivera Caravaca
|
|
JM, Esteve-Pastor
|
|
MA, Vilchez
|
|
JA, Galvez
|
|
J, Vicente
|
|
V, Marin
|
|
F
|
|
et al. Refining stroke and bleeding risk prediction by adding consecutive biomarkers to CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores. European Heart Journal. 2018; 39:(Suppl 1):821–822</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>124.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref124">Roldan
|
|
V, Marin
|
|
F, Diaz
|
|
J, Gallego
|
|
P, Jover
|
|
E, Romera
|
|
M
|
|
et al. High sensitivity cardiac troponin T and interleukin-6 predict adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2012; 10(8):1500–1507 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22681487" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22681487</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>125.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref125">Roldan
|
|
V, Marin
|
|
F, Fernandez
|
|
H, Manzano-Fernandez
|
|
S, Gallego
|
|
P, Valdes
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Predictive value of the HAS-BLED and ATRIA bleeding scores for the risk of serious bleeding in a “real-world” population with atrial fibrillation receiving anticoagulant therapy. Chest. 2013; 143(1):179–184 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22722228" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22722228</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>126.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref126">Roldan
|
|
V, Marin
|
|
F, Manzano-Fernandez
|
|
S, Gallego
|
|
P, Vilchez
|
|
JA, Valdes
|
|
M
|
|
et al. The HAS-BLED score has better prediction accuracy for major bleeding than CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2013; 62(23):2199–2204 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24055744" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24055744</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>127.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref127">Roldan
|
|
V, Marin
|
|
F, Muina
|
|
B, Torregrosa
|
|
JM, Hernandez-Romero
|
|
D, Valdes
|
|
M
|
|
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V, Rivera-Caravaca
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JM, Shantsila
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A, Garcia-Fernandez
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A, Esteve-Pastor
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MA, Vilchez
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OCW, Jonasson
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C, Ghanima
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W, Halvorsen
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S. A new score for assessing bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with NOACs. European Heart Journal. 2018; 39:(Suppl 1):1009–1010</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>130.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref130">Sadeghi
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R, Mahjoob
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MP, Asadollahi
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M, Abbasi
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Z. Prevalence, main determinants, and early outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation hospitalized with ischemic stroke: evaluation of the value of risk assessment scores for predicting risk of stroke or major bleeding following anticoagulation therapy. Acta Bio-Medica de l Ateneo Parmense. 2015; 86(2):162–169 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26422431" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26422431</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>131.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref131">Saito
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Y, Okumura
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Y, Nagashima
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K, Fukamachi
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D, Yokoyama
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K, Matsumoto
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ZK, Chashkina
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M, Andreev
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DA, Bykova
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AA, Sychev
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DA, Kozlovskaya
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NL
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et al. The new warfarin dosing algorithm for patients with atrial fibrillation and severe chronic kidney disease. European Heart Journal. 2018; 39:(Suppl 1):614</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>133.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref133">Sanders
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GD, Lowenstern
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A, Borre
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E, Chatterjee
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R, Goode
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A, Sharan
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L
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et al. Stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review update. Rockville (MD). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2018. Available from: <a href="https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/stroke-afib-update/research-2018" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https:<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​//effectivehealthcare<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.ahrq.gov/products<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/stroke-afib-update/research-2018</a> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC534141/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC534141</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30480925" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30480925</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>134.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref134">Sani
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M, Ayubi
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E, Mansori
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K, Khazaei
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S. Predictive ability of HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, and ATRIA bleeding risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation: methodological issues of prediction models. International Journal of Cardiology. 2016; 222:949 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27526365" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27526365</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>135.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref135">Schwartz
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SM, Tedla
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YG, Greenland
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P, Yadlapati
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A, Passman
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RS. Discriminative ability of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED score in whites and nonwhites. American Journal of Cardiology. 2019; 123(12):1949–1954 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30979410" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30979410</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>136.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref136">Senoo
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K, Lip
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GY. Predictive abilities of the HAS-BLED and ORBIT bleeding risk scores in non-warfarin anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients: an ancillary analysis from the AMADEUS trial. International Journal of Cardiology. 2016; 221:379–382 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27409565" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27409565</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>137.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref137">Senoo
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K, Proietti
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M, Lane
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DA, Lip
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GYH. Evaluation of the HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and ORBIT bleeding risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation taking warfarin. American Journal of Medicine. 2016; 129(6):600–607 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26482233" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26482233</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>138.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref138">Serna
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|
MJ, Rivera-Caravaca
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JM, Gonzalez-Conejero
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R, Esteve-Pastor
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MA, Valdes
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M, Vicente
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RR, Pillai
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A, Omar
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A, Zhao
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J, Arora
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V, Kapoor
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et al. Utility of the HAS-BLED score in risk stratifying patients on dual antiplatelet therapy post 12 months after drug-eluting stent placement. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 2017; 89(4):E99–E103 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27184930" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27184930</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>140.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref140">Shahid
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F, Lip
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GYH. Risk stratification models in atrial fibrillation. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 2017; 43(5):505–513 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28129663" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28129663</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>141.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref141">Silva
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R, Silva
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PAE, Lima
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MC, Sant’Anna
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LT, Silva
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TC, Moreira
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GY, Lam
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KF, Tse
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HF. Risk of stroke and intracranial hemorrhage in 9727 Chinese with atrial fibrillation in Hong Kong. Heart Rhythm. 2014; 11(8):1401–1408 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24747420" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24747420</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>143.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref143">Sogaard
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M, Skjoth
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F, Kjaeldgaard
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JN, Lip
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GYH, Larsen
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TB. Bleeding complications in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation and sepsis: a propensity-weighted cohort study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2017; 6(11):09 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5721800/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5721800</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29122810" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29122810</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>144.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref144">Somme
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D, Corvol
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A, Lazarovici
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C, Lahjibi-Paulet
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H, Gisselbrecht
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M, Saint-Jean
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MM, Larkina
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M, Thumma
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JR, Tentori
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F, Gillespie
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BW, Fukuhara
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BA, Shrader
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P, Kim
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S, Thomas
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L, Fonarow
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GC, Ansell
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M, Matsue
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Y, Nakamura
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R, Matsumura
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A, Hashimoto
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S, Ryba
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IC, Sorrentino
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K, Yasaka
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M, Uchiyama
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S, Iwade
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K, Koretsune
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Y, Nagata
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S, Rutten
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FH, O’Flynn
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CM, Oudega
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R, Hoes
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AW, Moons
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W, Lancellotti
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C, Yu
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Y, Zhu
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W, Yu
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J, Lip
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GYH, Hong
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|
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SV, Franklin
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JM, Glynn
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RJ, Schneeweiss
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S, Eddings
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W, Gagne
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JJ. Prediction of rates of thromboembolic and major bleeding outcomes with dabigatran or warfarin among patients with atrial fibrillation: new initiator cohort study. BMJ. 2016; 353:i2607 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4878389/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4878389</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27221664" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27221664</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>155.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref155">Wang
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SV, Rogers
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JR, Jin
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Y, Bates
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DW, Fischer
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MA. Use of electronic healthcare records to identify complex patients with atrial fibrillation for targeted intervention. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2017; 24(2):339–344 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7651901/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7651901</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27375290" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27375290</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>156.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref156">Wang
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TK, Sathananthan
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J, Marshall
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M, Kerr
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A, Hood
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C. Relationships between anticoagulation, risk scores and adverse outcomes in dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 2016; 25(3):243–249 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26481398" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26481398</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>157.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref157">Wang
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Y, Bajorek
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B. Pilot of a Computerised Antithrombotic Risk Assessment Tool Version 2 (CARATV2.0) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Cardiology Journal. 2017; 24(2):176–187 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28070883" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28070883</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>158.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng196er4.ref158">Yao
|
|
X, Gersh
|
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BJ, Sangaralingham
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LR, Kent
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DM, Shah
|
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ND, Abraham
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NS
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|
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J, Yu
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P, Cui
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W, Wang
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X, Ma
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J, Zeng
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W, He
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W, Guo
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L, Wang
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X, Hong
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|
|
F, Pilgrim
|
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T, Kroon
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H, Ooms
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JF, van Wiechen
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MP, Daemen
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H, Lip
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|
GYH, Lane
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DA. Bleeding risk scores in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. American Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 120(7):1139–1145 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28800833" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28800833</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng196er4.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="niceng196er4.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 19. Review question: What is the most clinically and cost-effective risk stratification tool for predicting bleeding in people with atrial fibrillation?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 425K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appa.et2"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appa-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 20. Review protocol:What is the most accurate risk stratification tool for predicting stroke or thromboembolic events in people with atrial fibrillation?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 416K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appa.et3"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appa-et3.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 21. Health economic review protocol</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 423K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng196er4.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>This literature search strategy was used for the following reviews:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>What is the most clinically and cost-effective tool for assessing bleeding risk in people with atrial fibrillation?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>What is the most accurate risk stratification tool for predicting bleeding events in people with atrial fibrillation?</div></li></ul></p><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref89" rid="niceng196er4.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a></p><p>For more information, please see the Methods Report published as part of the accompanying documents for this guideline.</p><p id="niceng196er4.appb.et1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appb-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 452K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appb.et2"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appb-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 462K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng196er4.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical article selection</h3><p id="niceng196er4.appc.et1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appc-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Figure 2. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of the effectiveness bleeding prediction tools</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 178K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng196er4.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Economic article selection</h3><p id="niceng196er4.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Figure 4. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 153K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng196er4.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Full GRADE tables(Including individual study data)</h3><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 24. Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of Major Bleeding in all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I<sup>2</sup>to <50% in all sub-groups.</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 403K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et2"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 25. Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of Major Bleeding in all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results; for meta-analysed results the 95% credible intervals are given for the pooled effect only.</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 406K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et3"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et3.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 26. NRI for major bleeding – HAS-BLED versus other tools.</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 245K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et4"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et4.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 27. NRI for major bleeding – ATRIA versus other tools</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 193K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et5"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et5.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 28. NRI for major bleeding – HEMORRHAGES versus other tools</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 176K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et6"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et6.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 29. NRI for major bleeding – ORBIT versus other tools</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 172K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et7"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et7.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 30. NRI for major bleeding – CHADSVASC versus other tools</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 166K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et8"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et8.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 31. Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of CRB in all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I2 to <50% in all sub-groups.</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 332K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et9"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et9.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 32. Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of clinically relevant bleedingin all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results.</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 331K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et10"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et10.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 33. NRI for clinically relevant bleeding</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 198K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et11"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et11.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 34. Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of ICH in all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I2 to <50% in all sub-groups.</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 267K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et12"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et12.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 35. Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of intracranial hemmorhagein all risk tools featured in the studies (see table 3). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results.</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 210K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appe.et13"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appe-et13.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 36. NRI for intracranial bleeding</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 156K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng196er4.appf"><h3>Appendix F. Forest plots</h3><div id="niceng196er4.appf.s1"><h4>F.1. C statistics</h4><p id="niceng196er4.appf.et1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appf-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (1.1M)</span></p></div></div><div id="niceng196er4.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng196er4.appg.et1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appg-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (1.4M)</span></p></div><div id="niceng196er4.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Risk of bias (PROBAST)</h3><p id="niceng196er4.apph.et1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-apph-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (504K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng196er4.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Economic evidence tables</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="niceng196er4.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Excluded clinical studies</h3><p>No studies were excluded from the review on effectivess.</p><p id="niceng196er4.appj.et1"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appj-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 92. Studies excluded from the clinical reviewRCT</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 179K)</span></p><p id="niceng196er4.appj.et2"><a href="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4-appj-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 93. Studies excluded from the clinical reviewaccuracy</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 165K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng196er4.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Excluded economic studies</h3><p>No studies were excluded from the review on effectivenessof tools to predict bleeding.</p><p>No studies were excluded from the review on accuracy of tools to predict bleeding.</p></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence review</p><p>Developed by the National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patientand, where appropriate,their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners andproviders have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and theirpatients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2021.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK571344</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34165928" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">34165928</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab1"><div id="niceng196er4.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng196er4.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng196er4.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People aged over 18 with a diagnosis of AF.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng196er4.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng196er4.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Any bleeding risk tool (for example, ATRIA, HEMORRHAGES, ORBIT)</p><p>[Note: <b>treat each test using a different threshold as a separate intervention</b>].</p></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng196er4.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng196er4.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED (the established method, as recommended by previous version of this guideline)</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng196er4.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng196er4.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><u>Critical</u>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>health-related quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>stroke or thromboembolic complications</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>major bleeding</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng196er4.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng196er4.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab2"><div id="niceng196er4.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Bleeding risk tools</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk tool</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Description</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Additional tests required to complete risk tool</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC bleeding score</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin"><b>A</b>ge</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin"><b>B</b>iomarkers (hematocrit, high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), GDF-15)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin"><b>C</b>linical history (prior bleeding)</p></dd></dl></dl></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biomarkers.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Orbit bleeding score</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">older age (75+ years)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">reduced</p><p>haemoglobin/haematocrit/history of anaemia</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">bleeding history</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">insufficient kidney function</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">treatment with antiplatelet</p></dd></dl></dl></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">anaemia</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">severe renal disease</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">age ≥75 years</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">any prior haemorrhage diagnosis</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">hypertension history</p></dd></dl></dl></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORR2HAGES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">hepatic or renal disease</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">ethanol (alcohol) abuse</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">malignancy history</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">age >75 years</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">platelet count or function</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">rebleeding risk</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">hypertension (uncontrolled)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">anaemia</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">genetic factors (CYP2C9 single nucleotide polymorphisms)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">excessive fall risk</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">stroke history</p></dd></dl></dl></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Genetic testing</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">uncontrolled hypertension</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">renal disease - liver disease</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">stroke history</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">prior major bleeding or predisposition to bleeding</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">labile INR</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">age >65</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">concomtant antiplatelets or NSAIDs</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">alcohol excess/abuse</p></dd></dl></dl></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab3"><div id="niceng196er4.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Question</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People aged >18 with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, who are on anticoagulants</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk tool</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Any bleedingrisk tool (e.g HAS-BLED, ORBIT, HEMORRHAGES, ATRIA, etc)</p><p>Any other version of HAS-BLEDwith modifications</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Target condition or Reference standard</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Later major bleeding, or other bleeding</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes (in terms of predictive test accuracy, calibration)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Simple diagnostic (prognostic) accuracy outcomes, such as sensitivity and specificity</p><p>C-statistic(based on sensitivity and specificity but useful if >1 threshold used).</p><p>Calibration outcomes</p><p>Reclassification</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study types</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort (external validation, internal validation)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Specific groups</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnic groups</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab4"><div id="niceng196er4.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk tool(s)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OAC</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Concomitant antiplatelets or NSAIDS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Number and type of outcome events</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow up duration</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Apostolakis 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref4" rid="niceng196er4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p><p>ATRIA</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2,293 patients with AF on VKAs, from AMADEUS RCT trial in UK. Age 70, 65% male, 77% hypertension, 20% DM, 13.5% previous stroke, 31% CAD, 18% antiplatelet treatment, TTR 0.57. Drops outs NR. No blinding reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>39 MB</p><p>251 CRB</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">429 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Apostolakis 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref3" rid="niceng196er4.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>CHADS2</p><p>CHADSVASC</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">As above</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">As above</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">As above</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barnes 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref8" rid="niceng196er4.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>CHADS2</p><p>CHADSVASC</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ATRIA</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2600 patients with NVAF and on warfarin were recruited. USA study. Age 70, 41.7% female, hypertension 75%, DM 25%, CAD 33%, CHF 24.2%, current smoking 6%, renal disease 12%, stroke 11.5%, bleeding diasthesis 31%, HAS-BLED score 2.6, CHADS2 score 3.4. TTR 59.3. Antiplatelets/NSAIDs not reported. No blinding. No data loss reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berg 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref11" rid="niceng196er4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ABC</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Warfarin</p><p>Edoxaban</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients enrolled on the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial, who were therefore taking VKAs or edoxaban. Participation in this sub-study was offered to all enrolled patients until recruitment reached 9000 participants</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beshir 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref14" rid="niceng196er4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>mOBRI</p><p>CBRM</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>ORBIT</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1017 patients with NVAF and on Warfarin (INR 2–3), dabigatran or rivaroxaban between 2010 and 2015. Malaysia. Age >75: 27%, 52% male, hypertension 82%, IHD 33%, renal impairment 36%, DM 40%, prior stroke/TIA: 22%, CHF: 20%. CHADS2: 2. 35% on antiplatelets. No blinding. 291 lost to follow up from original sample of 1308 patients.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>23 MB</p><p>76 CRNMB</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chang 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref19" rid="niceng196er4.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HTI</p><p>APTT</p><p>Prothrombin time</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dabigatran</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.50%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">208 patients (213 enrolled and 5 lost to FU) with NVAF on dabigatran (either 100mg or 150mg/day). Taiwan. Age 74.7, 67.9% male, 36% history of stroke, 24.5% DM, 79.3% hypertension, 18.8% CAD, 16.3% HF, antiplatelets/NSAIDs 12.5%, renal disease 0.5%, history of GI bleeding 23.6%, HAS-BLED 1.8. 5 lost to follow up from original cohort of 213. No blinding.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chao 2018a<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref21" rid="niceng196er4.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Modifiable Bleeding Risk factors score (MBR)</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>ORBIT</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.70%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450 AF patients (defined as cases where there had been at least 2 confirmed outpatient diagnoses of AF) receiving warfarin between 1998 and 2011 in Taiwan. Age 67.3, male 55.7%, hypertension 67.4%, abnormal renal function 13.2%, stroke 43%, history of bleeding 18%, use of antiplatelets 22.7%, NSAIDs 7.2%, HAS-BLED 2.51. No loss to FU. No blinding reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>6889 MB</p><p>1581 ICH</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.6 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chao 2018b<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref20" rid="niceng196er4.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED baseline</p><p>HAS-BLED change from baseline (Delta HAS-BLED)</p><p>HAS-BLED follow up</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.30%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19,566 AF patients on Warfarin and a HAS_BLED score of <2 identified from the NHIRD of Taiwan (1998–2011). Age 63.8, male 57.4%, hypertension 52.6%, abnormal renal function 3.4%, stroke 22.6%, bleeding 6.9%, antiplatelet / NSAID drugs 2.3%. No loss to FU reported. No blinding reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>3032 MB</p><p>671 ICH</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.8 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Claxton 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref23" rid="niceng196er4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Anticoagulation-Specific Bleeding Score (ABS)</p><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p><p>ORBIT</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81,285 NVAF patients on Warfarin or DOACs (initiated at baseline). Netherlands. This was an external validation cohort from the Optum Clinformatics database from 2009–2015. For warfarin group (largest) the demographics were: age 73.9, 44% woman, HAS-BLED 2.8, HF 45.5%, CHD: 47.3%, hypertension 89%, DM 39.9%, stroke 33.4%, PAD 25.7%, kidney disease 25.9%, prior GI bleed 16%, prior IC bleed: 2.1%, prior other bleed 16%. No blinding reported. No loss to follow up (as retrospective). No data on antiplatelets/NSAIDS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3238 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dalgaard 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref25" rid="niceng196er4.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>GARFIELD-AF</p><p>HAS-BLED</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51,180 Danish patients on OACs from the Danish Nationwide registries. Aged 18 or older with NVAF. Excluded patients with rheumatic valve disease or valve surgery.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1492 MB (but unclear if some had ICH)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Elvira-Ruiz, 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref30" rid="niceng196er4.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ORBIT</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>HAS-BLEDwith existence of aortic stenosis (AS)</p><p>ORBITwith AS</p><p>ATRIAwith AS</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed VKA and DOACS (results not sub-grouped)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2,880 NVAF patients initiating oral anticoagulants; age 77; 51.1% women; 49.3% permanent AF; hypertension 85.5%; DM 33.9%; CHADSVASC 4; HASBLED 2; ATRIA 3; ORBIT 1.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">185 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 months</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Esteve Pastor 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref31" rid="niceng196er4.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ORBIT</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKA and DOACS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.90%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1276 patients with chronic NVAF on VKA or DOAC for at least 6 months before enrolment (FANTASIIA population). SPAIN. There was another cohort of 406 patients in this paper that underwent electrical cardioversion, and they are not included in this extraction. Age 74, 44% male, 80.6% hypertensive, 30% HF, 29.3% DM, 6.6% VD, 12.9% previous embolism, 3.8% previous bleeding, 10% renal impairment, 1.3% liver impairment, 77.4% VKA, 22.6% DOACs, 10.9% on NSAIDS / antiplatelets. HAS-BLED score: 2. TTR 60.9. No blinding. No loss to FU reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Esteve-Pastor 2017a<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref5" rid="niceng196er4.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>ABC-bleedingCrC</p><p>HAS-BLED</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKAs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1,120 patients with paroxysmal, persistent or permanent AF, stable on VKAs (INR 2–3). Spain. Age 76, 49.5% male, 82% hypertension, 27%DM, 33% dyslipidaemia, 15.5% current smoker, 31.2% HF, 19.6% CAD, 19% previous stroke, 8.4% previous bleeding. TTR at 6 months 80, CHADSVASC 4, HAS-BLED 2, ABC 16.5. Number on antiplatelets – not reported. No loss to FU reported. No blinding.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>207 MB</p><p>65 ICH</p><p>85 GIB</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.5 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Esteve-Pastor 2017b<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref32" rid="niceng196er4.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>Modifiable bleeding risk factors score</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKAs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.40%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>4576 patients with paroxysmal, persistent or permanent AF. 2283 on warfarin and 2293 on Idraparinux. Taken from the multinational AMADEUS database. Spain. Age 71, 66.5% male, 21.4% on anti-platelets or NSAID, 77% hypertensive, 20%DM, 23% HF, 31% CAD, 13% previous stroke, TTR 58, CHADSVASC 3, HAS-BLED 2, Modifiable bleeding risks score 1. No loss to FU reported. Assessors BLINDED.</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>113 MB</p><p>597 CRB</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">347 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fang 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref33" rid="niceng196er4.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>ATRIA</p><p>Outpatient Bleeding Index</p><p>Kuijer et al.</p><p>Kearon et al.</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p><p>Shireman</p><p>Riete risk scheme</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3063 patients in the validation cohort, taken from 9,186 patients with NVAF on warfarin (median exposure 3.5 years), taken from the ATRIA study (USA). AF defined as any ICD-9 codes. Demographic data not given for validation cohort. No blinding or loss to FU reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">154 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fox 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref36" rid="niceng196er4.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>GARFIELD AF</p><p>Risk</p><p>HAS-BLED</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKA and DOAC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25,285 patients with AF that were on OACs. 8804 on DOACs and 16,491 on VKAs. Details of the characteristics of these patients are not reported. No blinding reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">625 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Friberg 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref37" rid="niceng196er4.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48, 599 patients with AF (defined by ICD-10 code 1489 with or without subscales A-F) using Warfarin at baseline identified from the Swedish National Discharge Registry. Demographic data stated to be in supplementary file but not available in that file who were on warfarin. This subset was taken from an overall cohort of 170 291 which included those not on anticoagulants. No blinding reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.9 MB per 100 patient years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.5 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gage 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref38" rid="niceng196er4.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Landefeld and Goldman and Beyth et al.</p><p>Kuijer et al.</p><p>Kearon et al.</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.40%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1604 medicare beneficiaries on NRAF (USA) with chart-confirmed AF on warfarin. 69.2% aged > 75 years, 7.9% hepatic or renal disease, 4.8% malignancy, 37.2% previous stroke, 0.4% uncontrolled hypertension. Also on Aspirin: 7.04%. No blinding or loss to FU reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.9 MB per 100 patient years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear but approx. 1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gallego 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref39" rid="niceng196er4.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acenocoumarol</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.60%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">965 consecutive anticoagulated people with permanent or paroxysmal AF, with at least 6 months of anticoagulation with acenocoumarol (INR 2–3). 50% male, mean age 76, hypertension 57%, DM 25.5%, HF 36.5%, prev. stroke/TIA 19%, renal impairment 10%, CAD 4%, hypercholesterolemia 31%, current smoking 14%, previous bleeding 8.5%, median HAS-BLED 2, CHADS2 score 2. Antiplatelet therapy 16.6%. 95 died during FU. No blinding reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">861 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Garcia-Fernandez 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref41" rid="niceng196er4.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>vWF</p><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>HAS-BLED + vWF</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.80%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1215 patients with NVAF on VKA at INR 2–3. Age 76, male 49.3%, hypertension 82.5%, DM 26.4%, HF 31.1%, IHD 19%, previous stroke 18.4%, previous bleeding 8.4%, renal disease 10.3%, antiplatelet drugs 17.8%, HAS-BLED score 2. No loss to FU or blinding reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">222MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2373 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hijazi 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref56" rid="niceng196er4.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>CHADSVASC</p><p>
|
|
CHADSVASC with TnT</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">apixaban and warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28–34%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14,897 patients with AF on apixaban or warfarin, from the ARISTOTLE trial. Likely to be a multinational multi-centre trail but not reported. Ranges of baseline data given as data given for different categories of TnT. Age 64–74, male 53.8–74.6%, CHF 28–47%, hypertension 87%, DM 18–32%, Prior stroke/TIA 16–21%, MI 6–19%. Aspirin 28–34%. Warfarin 53.2–55.7%. BLINDED ASSESORS of BLEEDING. No loss to FU reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">674 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.9 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hijazi 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref56" rid="niceng196er4.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>HAS-BLED with TnI</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">apixaban and warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29–34%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14,821 patients with AF on apixaban or warfarin, from the ARISTOTLE trial. Overlap with Hijazi, 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref57" rid="niceng196er4.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a>in terms of sample, but this study used a different risk tool. Likely to be a multinational multi-centre trial but not reported. Ranges of baseline data given as data given for different categories of TnI. Age 66–72, male 6–70%, CHF 24–51%, hypertension 87%, DM 21–28%, Prior stroke/TIA 16–21%, MI 6–19%. Aspirin 29–34%. Warfarin 49.9–56.5%. BLINDED assessors. No loss to FU reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">674 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.9 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hijazi 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref54" rid="niceng196er4.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ORBIT</p><p>ABC-bleeding</p><p>ABC-bleeding (cTnl-hs)</p><p>ABC-bleeding (cystatin C)</p><p>ABC-bleeding (CKD-EPI)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin and dabigatran (SEP ANALYSES)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">External validation in 8468 patients with AF (67% permanent or persistent) randomised to dabigatran and warfarin in the multinational RE-LY trial. Age 72, 26% women, 44% on antiplatelets or NSAISs, 8% current smokers, 22% DM, 79% hypertension, 29% CHF, 13% previous clinically relevant bleeding, 19% previous stroke/TIA, 17% previous MI, 4% previous PAD, 19% vascular disease, Renal function CKD-EPI 68.2. ASSESSOR BLINDING. No loss to FU reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">463 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.9 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hijazi 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref52" rid="niceng196er4.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ORBIT</p><p>(with or without GDF-15)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin and dabigatran</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36–41%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8,474 AF patients (with at least 1 additional risk factor for stroke) taken from the RE-LY study, on dabigatran or warfarin. Baseline characteristics given as ranges as sub-grouped by GDF-15. Age 69–75, male 61–67%, sbp 130, DM 11–35%, HF 25–34%, hypertension 78–80%, previous stroke/TIA 20–22%, prior MI 12–21%, prev PAD/MI/CAD 23–38%, aspirin 36–41%. CHADS2 >3 22–43%. No blinding/loss to FU reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">458 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.9 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hilkens 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref58" rid="niceng196er4.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HEMORRHAGERS</p><p>Shireman</p><p>HAS_BLED</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>ORBIT (score)</p><p>ORBIT (equation)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin and dabigatran (SEP ANALYSES)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3623 patients with AF on warfarin or dabigatran, from the RE-LY trial in Holland. No baseline data available. No report of blinding/loss to FU.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">266 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jaspers Focks 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref63" rid="niceng196er4.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.10%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1157 AF patients aged >80 years, using a VKA from 2011–2014 in the Netherlands. Median age 84, 42.6% male, 37 months on VKA, 65.8% hypertension, 22% previous stroke/TIA, 9.8% LVEF<40%, 26.6% CAD, 25.7% DM, 21.8% previous bleeding, 5.3% recent or active malignancy, 4.1% on antiplatelets and 2.1% on NSAIDS. HAS-BLED score 2.23. No blinding reported. 735 completed 3 year follow up (367 patients died and 55 patients moved out of the area or discontinued VKA treatment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 months</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jover 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref65" rid="niceng196er4.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">acenocoumarol</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">933 patients with permanent or paroxysmal NVAF on acenocoumarol OAC (INR 2–3) for at least 6 months. Age 76, 46% male, 85% hypertension, 27% DM, 32% hypercholesterolemia, 14% current smokers, 39% CHF, 20% prior stroke/TIA, 20% CAD, 9% PAD, 17% on antiplatelets. CHADS2 score 2, CHADSVASC score 4. No blinding reported. No loss to FU reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.5 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lip 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref71" rid="niceng196er4.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>Shireman</p><p>HEMORRHAGE</p><p>Beyth et al.</p><p>Kuijer et al.</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7,329 people with NVAF on warfarin or ximelagatran. Taken from the SPORTIF III and V cohorts (Multinational cohort). Following data are for those who developed a major bleed/no major bleed: age 73.9/70.9, female 31/31%, paroxysmal AF 11/12%, hypertension 77/77%, DM 29/23%, CAD 50/45%, LV dysfunction 44/36%, stroke/TIA 26/21%, CHADS 2.6/2.2.Blinded assessors.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">499 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lip 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref74" rid="niceng196er4.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SAME-TT2R2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKAs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4,637 patients with AF (n=572 had valvular AF) who were receiving OACs. FRANCE. Mean age 71, 35% female, 60% HF, 28% CAD, 12% previous MI, 6% previous CABG, 44% hypertensive, 9% previous stroke, 9% renal insufficiency. 17% on antiplatelets, 15% on Aspirin, 6% clopidogrel, 4% DAT. Mean CHADSVASC score 3.2, Mean HAS-BLED score 1.6. Not blinded.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">144 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1016 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lip 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref77" rid="niceng196er4.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>ORBIT</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DOACS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.10%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57,930 patients with NVAF on DOACs. Taken from 3 Danish nationwide databases. Age 73.5, female 44.6%, HF 22.5%, DM 15.2%, Vascular diseases 16.2%, hypertension 59%, CPD 13.3%, prior bleeding 14.2%, kidney diseases 3.4%, Aspirin use 39.1%, NSAIDs 22.4%. Not blinded. Loss to FU not reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.41 /100 person-years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mori, 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref88" rid="niceng196er4.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>ORBIT</p><p>HAS-BLED</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DOACS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2216 patients with NVAF using DOACs; 63.6% male; median age 73 years; median CHADS2 2; hypertension 73.5%; DM 27.9%; Dyslipidaemia 65.2%; eGFR 64.9; CAD 19.8%; PAD 7.1%; HF 23.7%; prior stroke 20.2%; prior bleeding 27.1%; antiplatelets 21.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">315 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nielsen 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref90" rid="niceng196er4.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>Recalibrated HAS-BLED (2 points for previous haemorrhagic stroke instead of 1 point)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">unclear</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unknown number of OAC-treated patients from a cohort of 210,299 patients with AF taken from 3 Danish patient registries from 1999 to 2013. Demographic data for the sub-group having OACs is not reported</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.73 MB per 100 person years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">O’Brien 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref91" rid="niceng196er4.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>ORBIT</p><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ATRIA-bleeding</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rivaroxaban and warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14,264 patients with AF on either rivaroxaban (20mg daily) or Warfarin. This was the external validation cohort, comprising patients from the ROCKET-AF. Demographics of this external validation sample not reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">772 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.9 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Olesen 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref95" rid="niceng196er4.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44, 771 patients with AF receiving OACs in Denmark during 1997–2006. Demographic data given as two values as separate data for those with major bleeding / those without. Age 74.6 / 71.2, male 66.8 / 61.2 %, HASBLED score 2.5–2, HF 24.4/19.8%, hypertension 51.6/49.5%, DM 11.4/9.5%, Stroke 22.3/17.4, Renal disease 8.2/4.6%, Vascular disease 18.6/14.8%, Bleeding history 22.6/8.2%, antiplatelet drugs 33% / 25.5%, NSAIDs 22.8/19.1%.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2051 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pisters 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref103" rid="niceng196er4.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unspecified OACs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1956 patients on OACs only with NVAF (validation cohort). Data not given for this validation cohort subset.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.75 MB/100 patients years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Poli 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref110" rid="niceng196er4.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>HAS-BED (HAS-BLED but without labile INR score)</p><p>CHADS2</p><p>CHADSVASC</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin and DOACs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.50%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4579 patients with AF on DOACS (n=1048) or VKAs (n=3531) on START register in Italy. Age 76, 55% men, 15% HF, 80% hypertensive, 20% DM, 18% CAD, 6% PAD, 43% moderate renal impairment (eGFR 30–60 ml/min), 15% previous stroke/TIA, 3.4% history of major bleeding, TTR 67, concomitant antiplatelet drugs 16.5%, dual antiplatelet therapy 1.3%.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.4 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prochaska 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref113" rid="niceng196er4.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>HAS-BLED with a point for sustained AF</p><p>Simplified HAS-BLED</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKA - phenprocoumon</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.30%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1089 patients with medical and electrophysiological evidence of AF, and on VKAs, as part of the thrombEVAL cohort. Denmark. The following baseline data is separated into paroxysmal (n=398) and sustained (n=691) sub-groups by the paper: male 63/63%, age 72/75, DM 30/33%, Family history of MI/stroke 44.5/42%, hypertension 83/81.6%, CKD 24/27%, CAD 43.6/46.7%, HF 43.5/55.2%, history of major bleeding 6.8/6.2%, history of stroke/TIA 16.7/18.7%, MI 21.8/20.8%, PAD 16.1/17.5%, aspirin 18.3/15.1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">150 CRB (includes MB and CRNMB)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proietti 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref116" rid="niceng196er4.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ORBIT</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>HEMORRAGES</p><p>ORBIT with TTR <65% (adding one point to score if <65%)</p><p>ATRIA with TTR <65% (adding one point to score if <65%)</p><p>HEMORRAGES with TTR <65% (adding one point to score if <65%)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.90%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3551 patients receiving warfarin in the pooled population dataset from the SPORTIF III and V studies with AF. De-identified datasets with patient-level information for the SPORTIF trials were obtained directly from Astra Zeneca, and all the analyses were performed independent of the company. All patients assigned to the warfarin treatment arms and with available data for the clinical variables used to calculate the four bleeding prediction scores were included in the present analysis. The majority of patients were male (69.5%) and the median [IQR] age was 72 [66–77] years. HAS-BLED score >3: 71%. 706/3551 (19.9%) treated concomitantly with aspirin. 20.1% VKA naïve at baseline prior to VKA initiation.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">162 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.6 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proietti 2018a<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref114" rid="niceng196er4.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ORBIT</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>HEMORRHAGES</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dabigatran 110mg, 150mg and warfarin (SEP ANALYSESfor C statistics but mixed for sensitivity/spe cificity)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18,113 patients with AF on dabigatran (110 or 150 mg) or warfarin in the RE-LY trial. Multinational cohort. Age 72, 36% female, 79% hypertension, DM 23%, CAD 28%, prev stroke 22%, symptomatic HF 27%, VKA naïve 50%, anti-platelets 40%, CHADS2 2. BLINDED ASSESSORS.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1182 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proietti 2018b<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref115" rid="niceng196er4.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>GARFIELD</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.90%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3550 AF patients enrolled on the SPORTIF III trial who were on Warfarin. Age 72, 30.5% female, 76.7% hypertension, 23.5% DM, 44.3% CAD, 20.6% stroke/TIA, 37.3% HF, 5.6% previous bleeding, 25.9% CKD, 19.9% aspirin use. TTR 68.1. HAS-BLED: 3. 804 patients interrupted Warfarin during the follow up period. BLINDED ASSESSORS.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>127 MB</p><p>168 major/CRNMB</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.56 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quinn 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref117" rid="niceng196er4.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>CHADS2</p><p>CHADSVASC</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>HAS-BLED</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13,559 patients with AF who were on and off warfarin. No demographic data provided.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">unclear</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">unclear</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rivera-Caravaca 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref120" rid="niceng196er4.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HEMORRHAGES</p><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>ORBIT</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKAs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1361 patients – same patients as Roldan 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref128" rid="niceng196er4.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a>- with AF who were taking VKA OACs (acenocoumarol), in Spain. Age 76, 49% male, 82% hypertensive, 27% DM, 19% previous stroke/TIA, 19% CAD, 31% HF, 7% PAD, 10% renal impairment, 33% hypercholesterolemia, 8% previous bleeding episode, 4% alcohol abuse, 1% hepatic disease, 8% cancer. Median HAS-BLED score of 2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">250 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.5 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rivera-Caravaca, 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref119" rid="niceng196er4.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>HAS-BLED with 1 to 6 added biomarkers</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKAs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940 patients who were taking VKA OACs (IRR 2–3), in Spain. Age 76, 50.6% male, 82% hypertensive, 26.2% DM, 18.8% previous stroke/TIA, 19.8% CAD, 30.4% HF, 10.6% renal impairment, 33.3% hypercholesterolemia, Median HAS-BLED score of 2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">172MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.5 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roldan 2013a<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref125" rid="niceng196er4.ref125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ATRIA</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">acenocoumarol</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">937 consecutive patients with AF receiving anticoagulant therapy with INR from 2–3. 49% male, mean age 76, 82% hypertension, 25% DM, 37% HF, 19% stroke, 10% renal impairment, 19% CAD, 9% previous bleeding, 17% antiplatelet therapy. Median HAS-BLED score of 2, median CHADS2 score of 2.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">952 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roldan 2013b<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref126" rid="niceng196er4.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>CHADS</p><p>CHADSVASC</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">acenocoumarol</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1370 consecutive patients with AF receiving anticoagulant therapy with INR from 2–3. 49% male, mean age 76, 19% stroke, 10% renal impairment, 18% CAD, 9% previous bleeding, 18% antiplatelet therapy. Median HAS-BLED score of 2, median CHADS2 score of 2.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">996 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roldan 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref128" rid="niceng196er4.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>Modified HAS-BLED (including vWF, high sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal fragment B-type natriuretic peptide, high sensitivity IL-6, time in therapeutic range and modification of diet in renal disease</p><p>CHADS-VASC</p><p>Modified</p><p>CHADSVASC (as above)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKAs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1361 consecutive patients with AF who were taking VKA OACs (acenocoumarol), in Spain. Age 76, 49% male, 82% hypertensive, 27% DM, 19% previous stroke/TIA, 19% CAD, 31% HF, 7% PAD, 10% renal impairment, 33% hypercholesterolemia, 8% previous bleeding episode, 4% alcohol abuse, 1% hepatic disease, 8% cancer. 18% antiplatelet therapy. Median HAS-BLED score of 2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">250 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.49 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schwartz, 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref135" rid="niceng196er4.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VKAs and DOACS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data from 9819 patients with AF who were on DOACs or VKAs were retrieved from the Northwestern Healthcare system’s Enterprise Database Warehouse. The data allowed identification of bleeding outcomes, and calculation of prior HAS-BLED scores. Mean age 67.6 for white patients and 63.1 for non-white patients. Mean CHADSVASC was 2.4 in whites and 2.2 in non-whites</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">604 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">971 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Senoo 2016a<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref136" rid="niceng196er4.ref136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ORBIT</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Idraparinux</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2283 patients with AF on non-warfarin OAC. UK. Age 70. No other details of demographics reported.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>74 MB</p><p>346 CRB</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">311 days</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Senoo 2016b<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref137" rid="niceng196er4.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ORBIT</p><p>ATRIA</p><p>Also with TTR for NRI analysis of ORBIT and ATRIAS only</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.50%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293 patients with AF warfarin OAC. UK. Age 71, 65.5% male, paroxysmal AF 35.5%, persistent AF 9.3%, permanent AF 54.9%, hypertension 77%, HF 24%, DM 20%, CAD 31%, Stroke/TIA 25%, TTR 58%, <b>Aspirin 16.5%;NSAIDS 5.4%.</b>CHASVASC of 0–2: 28.8%, HAS-BLED 2.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>39 MB</p><p>251 CRB</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear but probably < 1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serna 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref138" rid="niceng196er4.ref138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>GEN /HAS-BLED (added point if patient carrying VKORC1 allele and CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">acenocoumarol (VKA)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">652 consecutive ASF patients stable on VKAs (INR 2–3) for 6 months. Spain. Age 76, 48.6% male, 82.8% hypertension, 24.2% DM, 18.7% history of stroke/TIA, 18.4% CAD, 31.9% hypercholesterolemia, 34.5% HF, 9.2% renal impairment, 1.5% hepatic impairment, 8.3% previous bleeding. HAS-BLED score 2. No data on antiplatelets.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.6 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Siu 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref142" rid="niceng196er4.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1912 patients with NVAF (not defined) who received OACs (Warfarin). Mean age 73, 47% female, 55.8% hypertensive, 24% DM, 1.8% renal failure on dialysis, 24% HF, 24% CAD, 6.3% PAD, 29.6% prior stroke/TIA, prior IC haemorrhage 2.1%. Mean CHADSVASC 3.3. No data on antiplatelets</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 ICH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.19 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Steinberg 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref146" rid="niceng196er4.ref146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>ATRIA</p><p>HAS-BLED</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin and dabigatran</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7420 AF patients on OACs, out of an original cohort of 9715 from the ORBIT-AF trial. USA. Ranges for baseline data given as different data given for people in low, intermediate and high risk categories. Age 73–77, female 40–46%, hypertension 83–87%, diabetes 28–38%, previous GI bleed 5.7–16%, CAD 32–48%, Prior stroke/TIA 14–26%, CHF 30–46%, HAS-Bled 1.61–2.17, CHADS2 2.17–2.81. No data on antiplatelets.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">632 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suzuki 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref147" rid="niceng196er4.ref147"><sup>147</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>Modified</p><p>HAS_BLED (renal dysfunction defined by eGFR <60, with exclusion of the ‘elderly’ factor because eGFR is calculated based on patient age)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.9–50%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">231 NVAF patients on warfarin for at least 1 year. Demographics given as ranges as only reported for sub-groups of eGFR: age 68–74, 63.1–80% male, hypertension 53.2 to 64.4%, CAD 14.4 to 16.7%, CHF: 20 to 25.2%, dyslipidaemia 28.8 to 36.7%, eGFR 12.7 to 74.3 mL/min/1.73m2) antiplatelet drugs 36.9 to 50%. TTR 56.9 to 65.1%.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.1 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref154" rid="niceng196er4.ref154"><sup>154</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dabigatran and warfarin (SEP ANALYSES)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21,934 adults with AF who were starting dabigatran (30%) or Warfarin. Patients were on a healthcare claims database in USA. Demographic data given for those on Warfarin (n=15418): Age 65, female 34%, 27% CHF, 31% DM, 93% hypertensive, 20% prior stroke, 22% PVD. 43% with HAS-BLED score of 3 or more. 32% with CHADS2 score of 3 or more.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.6 MB per 100 patient years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 months</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yao 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref158" rid="niceng196er4.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>CHADSVASC</p><p>CHADS</p><p>HAS-BLED</p><p>ORBIT</p><p>ATRIA</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DOACS (results not sub-grouped)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39, 539 patients with NVAF from USA insurance database (OptumsLabs Data Warehouse) who had started DOACs between 2010 and 2015. Age 71, 42% female, 20% non-white, 28% HF, 86% hypertension, 34% DM, 14% previous strokes/TIA, 48% vascular disease, 7% stage II or IV CKD, 4% abnormal liver function, 9% previous major bleeding, 7% using antiplatelets, 5% using NSAIDs, 28% had had previous warfarin exposure. HAS-BLED: 2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115 MB</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.6 years</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">MB=major bleeding, CRB= clinically relevant bleeding, CRNMB= clinically relevant non-major bleeding, ICH= Intracranial hemorrhage</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab5"><div id="niceng196er4.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Summary of risk tools and their constituent variables</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk tool</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Variables and scoring</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bleeding risk interpretation (where applicable)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prior bleeding, age, hs-troponin, GDF-15 and Hb. Continuous values inputted (where appropriate) and a probability score derived by algorithm.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Score is the 1 year risk of major bleeding</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC bleeding CrC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding with creatinine clearance replacing GDF-15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding CKD-EPI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding with CKD-EPI biomarker added to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding cTnl-hs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding with cTnl-hs biomarker added to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding cystatin C</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding with cystatin C biomarker added to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anticoagulation-specific Bleeding Score (ABS)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The 1-year risk of bleeding can be calculated as 1 - (0.98101) Exp[0.02306(Age - 70.1736) + 0.29958(Kidney Disease −0.13244) + 0.19215(COPD −0.31286)+ 0.23529(Prior Bleed −0.21338) +0.32257(Anemia −0.24892) + 0.21811(Heart Failure-0.33899)+ 0.22599(Antiplatelet-0.16341) + 0.15944 (Diuretics-0.4518) + 0.2111(Diabetes Mellitus-0.31686) + 0.16806 (Cancer-0.16955) - 0.28572 (Antiarrhythmic −0.11919) + 0.13743(Ischemic stroke - 0.26681) + 0.10269(Coronary Artery Disease −0.40768) - 0.04775(Male Sex-0.59637) −0.30127 (Dabigatran) + 0.01299(Rivaroxaban) - 0.52426(Apixaban)]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 year risk of bleeding yielded</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">APTT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biomarker: activated partial thromboplastin time</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No pre-set thresholds provided in paper</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anaemia (3 points), severe renal disease (eGFR <30) (3 points), age >75 years (2 points), any prior bleeding (1 point), hypertension history (1 point)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low: 0–3</p><p>Moderate: 4</p><p>High: 5 or more</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA with AS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA with existence of aortic stenosis added inas a risk factor to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA with TTR (<65% TTR)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA with time in therapeutic range of <65% added in as a risk factor to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beyth</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See mOBRI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CBRM</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See Shireman</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADS2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">One point each for CHF, hypertension, age 75 of older, and DM, and 2 points for prior stroke or TIA.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Score 0=low risk; score 1–2=intermediate risk; score 3 to 6=high risk</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">One point for female sex, history of CHF, history of hypertension, history of vascular disease or history of DM. 2 points for history of stroke/TE. Age <65=0 points, 65–74=1 point, >75=2 points. Maximum score 9 points.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low risk =0 points; 1 point=low/moderate; >2 points moderate/high</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC with TnT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC with TnT levels added in to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GARFIELD/ GARFIELD AF</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Age, pulse, systolic blood pressure, history of vascular disease, history of bleeding, heart failure, renal disease and use of OACs.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Score is a measure of bleeding risk</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GDF-15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biomarker: levels of Growth Differentiation Factor 15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GEN/HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with added point if patient carrying VKORC1 allele and CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAD-BLED with elimination of labile INR factor.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function (1 point each), stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile INR, elderly drugs/alcohol concomitantly (1 point each). Maximum 9 points</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low: 0</p><p>Moderate: 1–2</p><p>High: 3 or more</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with AS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with existence of aortic stenosis added inas a risk factor to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with GDF-15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with GDF biomarker added to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with point for sustained AF</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with additional factor of ‘sustained AF in the presence of HF’.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with TnI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with TnT levels added in to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with VWF</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with Van Willebrandlevels added into the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with no labile INR and no stroke/TIA component</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with no labile INR and no stroke/TIA component</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with Van Willebrand levels and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide added into the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with Van Willebrand levels and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and Interleukin-6 added into the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6 + Troponin T</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with Van Willebrand levels and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and Interleukin-6 and Troponin T added into the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6 + Troponin T + BTP</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with Van Willebrand levels and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and Interleukin-6 and Troponin T and Beta trace protein added into the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6 + Troponin T + BTP + soluble fibrin monomer complex</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with Van Willebrand levels and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and Interleukin-6 and Troponin T and Beta trace protein and soluble fibrin monomer complex added into the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Hepatic or renal disease (1 point)</p><p>Ethanol abuse (1 point)*</p><p>Malignancy (1 point)</p><p>Older age >75 yrs (1 point)</p><p>Reduced platelet count or function (1 point)</p><p>Re-bleeding risk (2 points)</p><p>Hypertension (1 point)</p><p>Anaemia (1 point)</p><p>Genetic factors (1 point)</p><p>Excessive fall risk or neuropsychiatric disease (1 point)</p><p>Stroke (1 point)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low: 0–1</p><p>Intermediate: 2–3</p><p>High: 4 and above</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES with TTR (<65% TTR)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES with time in therapeutic range of <65% added in as a risk factor to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HTI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biomarker: Hemoclot thrombin inhibitor levels</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No pre-set thresholds provided in paper</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kearon 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Age >65yrs (1 point)</p><p>Prior stroke (1 point)</p><p>Prior peptic ulcer disease (1 point)</p><p>Prior GI bleeding (1 point)</p><p>Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl (1 point)</p><p>Anemia or thrombocytopenia (1 point)</p><p>Liver disease (1 point)</p><p>Diabetes mellitus (1 point)</p><p>Antiplatelet therapy (1 point)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low: 0–1</p><p>Intermediate:2</p><p>High 3 or more</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kuijer 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Age >60 yrs (1.6 points)</p><p>Female (1.3 points)</p><p>Malignancy (2.2 points)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low: 0</p><p>Intermediate 1–2</p><p>High 3 or more</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Landefield and Goldman and Beyth</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See mOBRI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MBRFS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See MBR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">mOBRI (also known as Landefield and Goldman and Beyth, or simply Beyth)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Age > 65 years, GI bleed in past 2 weeks, previous stroke, comorbidities (recent MI, Hct <30%, diabetes, creatinine >1.5 ml/l) with 1 point for presence of each risk factor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low: 0</p><p>Moderate; 1–2</p><p>High: 3 or more</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MBR (Modifiable Bleeding Risk factors score)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Defined as the cumulative number of modifiable bleeding risk factors of each patient according to the 2016 ESC guideline, including hypertension, medication predisposing to bleeding, and excess alcohol. 1 point for each.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Score ranges from 0–3.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC with vWF, high sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal fragment B-type natriuretic peptide, high sensitivity IL-6, time in therapeutic range and modification of diet in renal disease</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified HAS-BLED (multiple additions using biomarkers)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with addition ofvWF, high sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal fragment B-type natriuretic peptide, high sensitivity IL-6, time in therapeutic range and modification of diet in renal disease</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified HAS-BLED (single change of renal dysfunction threshold)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with modification of the renal impairment factor (from eGFR <30 to eGFR <60)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Older age (75 years and above) (1point), reduced hemoglobin, hematocrit, or history of anemia (2 points), bleeding history: (2 points), insufficient kidney function (eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2)(1 point), treatment with an antiplatelet agent (1 point).</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low: 0–2</p><p>Moderate:3</p><p>High: 4 or more</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT with AS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT with existence of aortic stenosis added inas a risk factor to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT with GDF-15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT with GDF-15 levels added into the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT with TTR (<65% TTR)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT with time in therapeutic range of <65% added in as a risk factor to the scheme</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outpatient bleeding Index (OBI)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Age >65 yrs (1 point)</p><p>Prior stroke (1 point)</p><p>Prior GI bleeding (1 point)</p><p>Recent MI, diabetes mellitus, hematocrit <30%, creatinine >1.5 mg/dl (1 point if any of the above)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low: 0</p><p>Intermediate 1–2</p><p>High 3 or more</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prothrombin time</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biomarker: Prothrombin time</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No pre-set thresholds provided in paper</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Riete</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Recent major bleeding (□15 days before thrombotic event) (2 points)</p><p>Creatinine >1.2 mg/dl (1.5 points)</p><p>Anemia (1.5 points)</p><p>Malignancy (1 point)</p><p>Clinically overt pulmonary embolism (1 point)</p><p>Age >75 yrs (1 point)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low: 0</p><p>Intermediate: 1–4</p><p>High: >4</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Same TTR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sum of points after addition of one point for female sex, age <60 years, medical history of >2 comorbidities (amongst hypertension, DM, CAD/MI, PAD, CHF, previous CVA, pulmonary disease and hepatic/renal disease, treatment and 2 points each for smoking and non-white race.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low:0–1</p><p>Moderate: 2</p><p>High >2</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shireman 2006 (also known as CBRM)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Age >70 yrs</p><p>Female</p><p>Remote bleeding event</p><p>Recent bleeding event</p><p>Alcohol or drug abuse</p><p>Diabetes mellitus</p><p>Anemia (Hct <30% during index hospitalization)</p><p>Antiplatelet drugs (aspirin, clopidogrel, or ticlodipine at discharge)</p><p>Risk score = 0.49 (age >70) + 0.32 (female)</p><p>+ 0.58 (remote bleed) + 0.62 (recent bleed)</p><p>+ 0.71 (alcohol/drug abuse) + 0.27 (diabetes)</p><p>+ 0.86 (anemia) + 0.32 (antiplatelet use)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Low <1.07</p><p>Intermediate >1.07, <2.19</p><p>High >2.19</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Simplified HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED, containing only the factors of age >65 years, history of major bleeding, and sustained AF in the presence of heart failure</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TnI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biomarker: Troponin I levels</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TnT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biomarker: Troponin T levels</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">vWF</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biomarker: levels of plasma glycoprotein von Willebrand factor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab6"><div id="niceng196er4.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of Major Bleedingin all risk tools featured in the studies (see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab3">table 3</a>). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I<sup>2</sup>to <50% in all sub-groups</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk tool</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><p>Area Under Curve Individual study effects [point estimate (95% Cis) ]</p><p>Pooled effect/range/median</p></th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">532,442</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Random effect: 0.62 (0.61–0.64) [I<sup>2</sup>=94%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified HASBLED<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref135" rid="niceng196er4.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9819</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>0.60(0.55–0.66)(‘Non-white’ participants)</p><p>0.57(0.55–0.60) (‘white’ participants)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with AS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2880</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.68(0.66–0.70)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with GDF-15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8474</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.69(0.67–0.72)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with vWF</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1215</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Fixed effect: 0.62 (0.60–0.64) [I<sup>2</sup>=6%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.64(0.61–0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.64(0.61–0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6 + Troponin T</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.64(0.61–0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6 + Troponin T + BTP</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.64(0.60–0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6 + Troponin T + BTP + soluble fibrin monomer complex</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.64(0.60–0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GEN/HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">652</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.65(0.61–0.68)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified HAS-BLED (multiple additions using biomarkers)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1361</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.60(0.56–0.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified HAS-BLED (single change of renal dysfunction threshold)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">231</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.67(0.57–0.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4579</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.58(0.53–0.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with TnI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14,821</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHA GES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">240,995</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Random effect: 0.63 (0.60–0.66) [I<sup>2</sup>=97%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHA GES with TTR (<65% TTR)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4912</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Median: 0.65</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">286,664</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Random effect: 0.64 (0.61–0.66) [I<sup>2</sup>=97%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA with AS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2880</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.67(0.66–0.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA with TTR (<65% TTR)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4912</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Median: 0.68</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">270,606</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious riskof inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Random effect: 0.64 (0.61–0.67) [I<sup>2</sup>=97%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT with AS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2880</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.68(0.67–0.70)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT with TTR (<65% TTR)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4912</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Median: 0.67</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT with GDF-15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8474</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.71(0.68–0.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADS2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61,647</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Random effect: 0.61 (0.57–0.64) [I<sup>2</sup>=85%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24,402</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Random effect: 0.59 (0.54–0.64) [I<sup>2</sup>=92%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1361</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.56(0.53–0.60)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC with TnT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14,897</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.63(0.61–0.65)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GARFIELD</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62,172</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Random effects 0.60 (0.56–0.65); I2=96%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GARFIELD subgrouped by OAC - VKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3550</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.56(0.54–0.58)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GARFIELD subgrouped by OAC – Mixed VKA/DOACs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7442</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.61(0.59–0.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GARFIELD subgrouped by antiplatelets - <33% with antiplatelets</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3550</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.56(0.54–0.58)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GARFIELD subgrouped by antiplatelets – unknown % with antiplatelets</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7442</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.61(0.59–0.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16869</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Random effect: 0.69(0.65–0.74) [I<sup>2</sup>=85%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding Subgrouped by OAC - VKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2814</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.65(0.61–0.70)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding Subgrouped by OAC - Mixed</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8705</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.69(0.66–0.71)<b><span style="color:#0070c0">[Mixed]</span></b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding Subgrouped by OAC - NOACs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5350</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.74(0.71–0.76)<b><span style="color:#ff0000">[DOAC]</span></b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding CrC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1120</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.52(0.49–0.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding cTnl-hs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8164</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Random effect: 0.70 (0.61–0.78) [I2=92%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding cTnl-hs subgrouped by OAC - VKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2814</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.65(0.61–0.70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding cTnl-hs subgrouped by OAC - DOAC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5350</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.74(0.71–0.76)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding cystatin C</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8164</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Random effect: 0.68 (0.65–0.72) [I2=90.6%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding cystatin C subgrouped by OAC - VKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2814</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.60(0.54–0.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding cystatin C subgrouped by OAC - DOAC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5350</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.72(0.68–0.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding CKD-EPI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8164</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED RESULT: Random effect: 0.70 (0.68–0.72) [I2=79%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding CKD-EPI subgrouped by OAC - VKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2814</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.65(0.60–0.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleeding CKD-EPI subgrouped by OAC - DOAC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5350</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.71(0.69–0.74)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">vWF</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1215</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.61(0.57–0.65)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81285</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>0.67(0.65–0.68)[warfarin], 0.72(0.69–0.76)[dabigatran]</p><p>0.70(0.68–0.73)[rivaroxaban]</p><p>0.72(0.67–0.77) [apixaban]</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OBI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3063</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.59(0.58–0.611</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kuijer</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8332</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED EFFECT: Random effects: 0.54 (0.51–0.58) [I<sup>2</sup>=72%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kearon</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4667</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Median: 0.675</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Riete</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3063</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.68(0.65–0.70)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shireman / CBRM</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12385</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED EFFECT: Random effect: 0.64(0.59–0.69) [I<sup>2</sup>=80%]</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">mOBRI/Lande field and Goldman and Beyth / Beyth</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8762</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>POOLED EFFECT: Fixed effect: 0.56(0.51–0.60) [I<sup>2</sup>=0%].</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TnT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14,897</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.62(0.60–0.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TnI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14,821</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GDF-15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8474</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.67(0.65–0.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MBR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.53(0.52–0.53)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HTI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">208</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.65</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prothrombin time</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">208</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.54(0.47–0.62)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Same TTR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4637</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.55 (0.54–0.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">APTT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">208</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.58(0.50–0.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Pooling (meta-analysis) was carried out if there were at least two studies per risk tool with confidence intervals. RevMan was used to carry out the analyses. If pooling was not possible for risk tools with >1 data point then the range and median value of the study point estimates were recorded. If there were only one data point then only the result from the study was recorded.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist(see <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">Appendix F</a>).Risk of bias was serious for some risk tools because fewof the studiesreported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the rest of the risk tools because manystudieswith the aforementioned limitations also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Where data were pooled, an I<sup>2</sup>of 50–74% was deemed serious inconsistency and an I<sup>2</sup>of 75% or above was deemed very serious inconsistency. If no pooling were possible, inconsistency was assessed by inspection of the degree of overlap of confidence intervals between studies: if one of more Cis did not overlap then a rating of serious inconsistency was given. Reasons for heterogeneity between studiesmay include geographical/cultural/ethnic differences. Clinically the studies appeared reasonably homogeneous, with similar rates of hypertension, diabetes and former stroke.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">The judgement of precision was based on the spread of confidence interval around two clinical thresholds: C statisticsof 0.5 and 0.7. The threshold of 0.5 marked the boundary between no predictive value better than chance and a predictive value better than chance. The threshold of 0.7 marked the boundary above which the committee might consider recommendations. If the 95% Cis crossed one of these thresholds a rating of serious imprecision was given and if they crossed both of these thresholds a rating of very serious imprecision as given.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab7"><div id="niceng196er4.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of Major Bleeding in all risk tools featured in the studies (see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab3">table 3</a>). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results; for meta-analysed results the 95% credible intervals are given for the pooled effect only</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk tool</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Sensitivity (threshold denotes the ‘positive’ score – i.e. the score indicating a high risk of bleeding)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Specificity (threshold denotes the ‘positive’ score – i.e. the score indicating a high risk of bleeding)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED at threshold of ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128791</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.979(0.941–0.993)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.070(0.027–0.174)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED at threshold of ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">177728</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.793(0.570–0.919)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.396(0.207–0.624)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED at threshold of ≥3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">170197</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.512(0.385–0.637)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.679(0.554–0.782)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED at threshold of ≥4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3525</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.543(0.453–0.632)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.591(0.575–0.608)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified HASBLED<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref135" rid="niceng196er4.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a>at threshold of ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9819</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.925 (0.902–0.945)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.1504(0.143–0.158)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified HASBLED<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref135" rid="niceng196er4.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a>at threshold of ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9819</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.644(0.604–0.682)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.4937(0.483–0.5040</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Modified HASBLED<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref135" rid="niceng196er4.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a>at threshold of ≥3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9819</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.311(0.275–0.349)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.826(0.819–0.834)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Specificity</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES at threshold of ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7406</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.919(0.658–0.985)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.167(0.037–0.5207)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES at threshold of ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60023</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.631(0.417–0.798)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.549(0.349–0.734))</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES at threshold of ≥3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5138</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>0.478(0.354–0.603)</p><p>0.171 (0.112–0.250)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>0.739(0.716–0.761)</p><p>0.886(0.874–0.896)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA at threshold of ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103289</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.955(0.864–0.986)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.132(0.061–0.259)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA at threshold of >2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103289</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.685(0.450–0.848)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.539(0.354–0.716)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA at threshold of ≥3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101023</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.571(0.212–0.856)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.638(0.35446–0.861)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA at threshold of ≥4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111338</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.259(0.096–0.513)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.874(0.714–0.941)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT at threshold of ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103302</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.804(0.610–0.916)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.381(0.217–0.574)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT at threshold of ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103302</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.460(0.233–0.692)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.716(0.528–0.849)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecison<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT at threshold of ≥3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114895</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled sensitivity: 0.340(0.213–0.493)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled specificity: 0.845(0.766–0.900)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADS2 at threshold of ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39539</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.991(0.981–0.998)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.084(0.081–0.086)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADS2 at threshold of ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39539</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.865(0.836–0.889))</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.341(0.336–0.346)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADS2 at threshold of ≥3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39539</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.552(0.513–0.590)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.776(0.775–0.779)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC at threshold of ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39539</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.998(0.992–1.00)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.385(0.366–0.404)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC at threshold of ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39539</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.984(0.970–0.992)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.129(0.125–0.132)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC at threshold of ≥3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39539</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.929(0.907–0.948)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.271(0.267–0.276)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABC-bleedingCrCat threshold of ≥2%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1120</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.835(0.778–0.884)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.194(0.169–0.221)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecison</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HTI<b>at</b> threshold >117 ng/ml</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">208</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.59[no raw data or 95% Cis reported in paper]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.71[no raw data or 95% Cis reported in paper]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NAS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Pooling (meta-analysis) was carried out if there were at least three studies per risk tool with confidence intervals. RevMan and WinBugs were used to carry out the analyses. If pooling was not possible for risk tools with >1 data point then the range and median value of the study point estimates were recorded. If there were only one data point then only the result from the study was recorded.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist. Risk of bias was serious for some risk tools because none of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the rest of the risk tools because many studies with the aforementioned limitations also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">Where data were pooled, inconsistency was assessed by visual inspection of the sensitivity/specificity plots, or data (if 2 studies). The evidence was downgraded by 1 increment if there was no overlap of 95% confidence intervals. For single studies no evaluation was made and ‘not applicable’ was recorded.Subgrouping to attempt to resolve heterogeneity was not carried out because there would always be <3 studies in any of the constituent sub-group categories, making it not possible to do a further meta-analysis within each sub-group.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab7_3"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision was assessed based on inspection of the confidence region in the meta-analysis or, where meta-analysis has not been conducted, assessed according to the range of confidence intervals in the individual studies. The evidence was downgraded by 1 increment when the confidence interval around the point estimate crossed one of the clinical thresholds (0.90 or 0.60 for sensitivity and 0.5 and 0.1 for specificity), and downgraded by 2 increments when the confidence interval around the point estimate crossed both of the clinical thresholds. The upper clinical threshold marked the point above which recommendations would be possible, and the lower clinical threshold marked the point below which the tool would be regarded as of little clinical use.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng196er4fig1"><div id="niceng196er4.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng196er4f1&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f1.jpg" alt="Image niceng196er4f1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><p>Source: Calibration plot in Claxton, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref23" rid="niceng196er4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a>. This was for the Anticoagulation-specific bleeding score and was based on a mixed (VKA and DOAC) cohort.</p></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng196er4fig2"><div id="niceng196er4.fig2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng196er4f2&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f2.jpg" alt="Image niceng196er4f2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><p>Source: Calibration plot in Hilkens, 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref58" rid="niceng196er4.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a>. This was based on a mixed (VKA and DOAC) cohort.</p></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng196er4fig3"><div id="niceng196er4.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng196er4f3&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f3.jpg" alt="Image niceng196er4f3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><p>Source: Calibration plot in Proietti et al. 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref114" rid="niceng196er4.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a>(bleeding risk scores calibration between derivation cohorts and RE-LY cohort events rates). This probably relates to their total, mixed, cohort.</p></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng196er4fig4"><div id="niceng196er4.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20%3CInsert%20graphic%20title%20here%3E.&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f4.jpg" alt="Figure 1. <Insert graphic title here>." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title"><Insert graphic title here></span></h3><p>Source: Calibration plot in O’Brien 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref91" rid="niceng196er4.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a>. This was a mixed cohort.</p></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng196er4fig5"><div id="niceng196er4.fig5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng196er4f5&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f5.jpg" alt="Image niceng196er4f5" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><p>Source: Calibration plot in Lip, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref77" rid="niceng196er4.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a>. This was based on an exclusively DOAC-using cohort.</p></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng196er4fig6"><div id="niceng196er4.fig6" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng196er4f6&p=BOOKS&id=571344_niceng196er4f6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK571344/bin/niceng196er4f6.jpg" alt="Image niceng196er4f6" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><p>Source: Calibration plot in Yao, 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref158" rid="niceng196er4.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a>. This was based on an exclusively DOAC-using cohort.</p></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab8"><div id="niceng196er4.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">NRI for major bleeding – HAS-BLED versus other tools</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Prediction tool comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRI(95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v HEMORRHAGES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50,051</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled: Random effects NRI: + 0.080(−0.030to +0.190); I<sup>2</sup>= 69%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v ATRIA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50,988</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled: Random effects NRI: + 0.070(−0.020to +0.160); I<sup>2</sup>= 52%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v MBR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.056 (0.043 to 0.068)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v CHADS2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17529</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled fixed effect NRI: +0.440(+0.250to +0.630); I<sup>2</sup>=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v ORBIT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46284</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled fixed effect NRI: +0.050(+0.040to +0.070); I<sup>2</sup>=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5518</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled fixed effect NRI: +0.37 (+0.21 to +0.52); I<sup>2</sup>=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v ABC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8705</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Noserious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.138(−0.080to 0.228)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v ABC CrC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1120</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Noserious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.137(−0.010to 0.290)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v GARFIELD</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3550</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.042(−0.087 to 0.189)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v HAS-BLED with vWF</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2155</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled random effect NRI: −0.12 (−0.33 to +0.09); I<sup>2</sup>=92%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.201(−0.329 to −0.002)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v HAS-BLED + VWF + NT- proBNP + IL-6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.192(−0.325to −0.001)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6 + Troponin T</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.194(−0.337 to −0.003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6 + Troponin T + BTP</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.196(−0.327 to −0.005)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v HAS-BLED + VWF + NT-proBNP + IL-6 + Troponin T + BTP + soluble fibrin monomer complex</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">940</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.203(−0.342 to −0.004)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v Recalibrated HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unknown</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.090(−0.123 to −0.0480)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v modified HAS-BLED (including multiple biomarkers)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1361</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.062 (−0.020to 0.140)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v modified HAS-BLED (including new renal dysfunction definition)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">231</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.500(−0.820to −0.180)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v GEN/HAS_BLES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">652</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.044(0.010to 0.080)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED vs HAS-BLED with AS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2880</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.0481(p=0.034)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist (see <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">Appendix F</a>).Risk of bias was serious for most risk tools because none of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the Framingham risk tool because the study concerned also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency was serious if I2 was 50–74% and very serious if 75% of higher</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision serious if the 95% CIs crossed zero.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab9"><div id="niceng196er4.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">NRI for major bleeding – ATRIA versus other tools</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Prediction tool comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRI(95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v CHADS2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16159</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>MEDIAN: +0.43</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v ORBIT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3551</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.0355</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42139</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>MEDIAN:+0.32</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v HEMORRHAGES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12664</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled random effect NRI: +0.090(−0.080to +0.207); I2=83%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v OBI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3063</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.505</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v Kuijer</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3063</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.566</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v Kearon</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3063</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.277</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v Shireman</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3063</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.344</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v Riete</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3063</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.448</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v ATRIA with TTR<65%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4005</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled random effect NRI: −0.230(−0.410to −0.040); I<sup>2</sup>=64%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v MBR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.007 (−0.014 to 0.027)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA vs ATRIA with AS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2880</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.0645(p=0.025)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist (see <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">Appendix F</a>).Risk of bias was serious for most risk tools because none of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the Framingham risk tool because the study concerned also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency was serious if I2 was 50–74% and very serious if 75% of higher</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab9_3"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision serious if the 95% CIs crossed zero.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab10"><div id="niceng196er4.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">NRI for major bleeding – HEMORRHAGES versus other tools</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Prediction tool comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRI(95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES v CHADS2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2600</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.540(0.220to 0.860)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES v CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2600</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.590(0.240to 0.940)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES v ORBIT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3551</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.216</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES v HEMORRHAGES with TTR<65%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1712</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>MEDIAN: −0.161</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES v MBR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.012 (−0.007 to 0.032)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab10_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist (see <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">Appendix F</a>).Risk of bias was serious for most risk tools because none of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the Framingham risk tool because the study concerned also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency was serious if I2 was 50–74% and very serious if 75% of higher</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision serious if the 95% CIs crossed zero.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab11"><div id="niceng196er4.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">NRI for major bleeding – ORBIT versus other tools</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Prediction tool comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRI(95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT v ORBIT with TTR<65%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4009</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled random effect NRI: −0.21(−0.44 to 0.02); I<sup>2</sup>=77%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT v CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39539</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.010</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT v MBR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.000 (−0.021 to 0.021)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT vs ORBIT with AS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2880</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.014(p=0.170)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab11_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist (see <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">Appendix F</a>).Risk of bias was serious for most risk tools because none of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the Framingham risk tool because the study concerned also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency was serious if I2 was 50–74% and very serious if 75% of higher</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision serious if the 95% CIs crossed zero.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab12"><div id="niceng196er4.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">NRI for major bleeding – CHADSVASC versus other tools</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Prediction tool comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRI(95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASCv CHADS2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55698</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>MEDIAN: +0.040</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC v modified CHADSVASC (including multiple biomarkers)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1361</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.0026 (−0.020to 0.030)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab12_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist (see <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">Appendix F</a>).Risk of bias was serious for most risk tools because none of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the Framingham risk tool because the study concerned also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency was serious if I2 was 50–74% and very serious if 75% of higher</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision serious if the 95% CIs crossed zero.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab13"><div id="niceng196er4.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of CRBin all risk tools featured in the studies (see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab3">table 3</a>). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I2 to <50% in all sub-groups</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk tool</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><p>Area Under Curve Individual study effects [point estimate (95% Cis) ]</p><p>Pooled effect/range/median</p></th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18258</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled result: Random effect: 0.56(0.54–0.59). I<sup>2</sup>=83%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4467</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Random effects 0.56 (0.52–0.60); I2=64%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES subgrouped by OAC - VKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: fixed effect 0.54(0.51–0.56); I2=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES subgrouped by OAC – Mixed VKA/D OAC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1157</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.61(0.55–0.68)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES subgrouped by antiplatelets - <33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: fixed effects 0.54(0.51–0.56); I2=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES subgrouped by antiplatelets - >33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1157</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.61(0.55–0.68)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6760</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Random Effects 0.52 (0.49–0.56); I<sup>2</sup>=63%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA subgrouped by OAC - VKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5743</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Fixed effects 0.51(0.49–0.53); I<sup>2</sup>=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA subgrouped by OAC – Mixed VKA/DOACs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1017</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.61(0.54–0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA subgrouped by antiplatelets – <33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5743</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Fixed effects 0.51(0.49–0.53); I<sup>2</sup>=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA subgrouped by antiplatelets – >33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1017</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.61(0.54–0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5593</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Random Effects 0.57(0.52–0.61); I<sup>2</sup>=73%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT subgrouped by antiplatelets - <33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.52(0.48–0.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT subgrouped by antiplatelets - >33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1017</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.61(0.54–0.68)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT subgrouped by antiplatelets – not reported</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2283</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.58(0.55–0.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADS2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.51(0.47–0.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.53(0.49–0.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GARFIELD</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3550</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.57(0.55–0.58)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MBRFS</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4576</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.53(0.52–0.54)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">mOBRI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1017</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.56(0.50–0.62)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CBRM/Shireman</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1017</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.58(0.54–0.62)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Simplified HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1089</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.642(0.60–0.68)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED with point for sustained AF</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1089</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.61(0.57–0.65)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">GRADE was conducted with emphasis on C statistics as this was the primary measure discussed in decision making.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Pooling (meta-analysis) was carried out if there were at least two studies per risk tool with confidence intervals. RevMan was used to carry out the analyses. If pooling was not possible for risk tools with >1 data point then the range and median value of the study point estimates were recorded. If there were only one data point then only the result from the study was recorded.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist (see <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">Appendix F</a>).Risk of bias was serious for some risk tools because few of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the rest of the risk tools because many studies with the aforementioned limitations also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">Where data were pooled, an I<sup>2</sup>of 50–74% was deemed serious inconsistency and an I<sup>2</sup>of 75% or above was deemed very serious inconsistency. If no pooling were possible, inconsistency was assessed by inspection of the degree of overlap of confidence intervals between studies: if one of more Cis did not overlap then a rating of serious inconsistency was given. Reasons for heterogeneity between studies may include geographical/cultural/ethnic differences. Clinically the studies appeared reasonably homogeneous, with similar rates of hypertension, diabetes and former stroke.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab13_3"><p class="no_margin">The judgement of precision was based on the spread of confidence interval around two clinical thresholds: C statisticsof 0.5 and 0.7. The threshold of 0.5 marked the boundary between no predictive value better than chance and a predictive value better than chance. The threshold of 0.7 marked the boundary above which the committee might consider recommendations. If the 95% Cis crossed one of these thresholds a rating of serious imprecision was given and if they crossed both of these thresholds a rating of very serious imprecision as given.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab14"><div id="niceng196er4.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of clinically relevant bleedingin all risk tools featured in the studies (see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab3">table 3</a>). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk tool</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Sensitivity (threshold denotes the ‘positive’ score – i.e. the score indicating a high risk of bleeding)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Specificity (threshold denotes the ‘positive’ score – i.e. the score indicating a high risk of bleeding)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED at threshold ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4566</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Median<sup>d</sup>: 0.913(0.880–0.940)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Median<sup>d</sup>: 0.171(0.160–0.190</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED at threshold ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4566</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Median<sup>d</sup>: 0.496(0.440–0.550)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Median<sup>d</sup>: 0.686(0.670–0.710)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED at threshold ≥3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4566</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Median<sup>d</sup>: 0.110(0.080–0.150)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Median<sup>d</sup>: 0.950(0.940–0.960)</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA at threshold ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2268</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.879(0.832–0.917)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.113(0.099–0.128)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA at threshold ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2268</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.411(0.349–0.475)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.583(0.561–0.605)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hemmorhages at threshold ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2268</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.742(0.683–0.795)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.353(0.332–0.374)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hemmorhages at threshold ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2268</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.266(0.212–0.326)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.779(0.770–0.788)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT at threshold ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2283</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.734(0.684–0.779)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.388(0.367–0.411)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT at threshold ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2283</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.283(0.236–0.334</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.812(0.793–0.829)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADS2 at threshold ≥1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.972(0.943–0.988)<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref3" rid="niceng196er4.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.0230(0.170–0.305)<a class="bibr" href="#niceng196er4.ref3" rid="niceng196er4.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADS2 at threshold ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.637(0.575–0.697)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.385(0.364–0.406)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC at threshold ≥2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.936(0.899–0.963)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.079(0.069–0.093)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CHADSVASC at threshold ≥3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.753(0.695–0.805)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.292(0.273–0.313)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificit</b>y</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Pooling (meta-analysis) was carried out if there were at least three studies per risk tool with confidence intervals. RevMan and WinBugs were used to carry out the analyses. If pooling was not possible for risk tools with >1 data point then the range and median value of the study point estimates were recorded. If there were only one data point then only the result from the study was recorded.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist. Risk of bias was serious for some risk tools because none of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the rest of the risk tools because many studies with the aforementioned limitations also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">Where data were pooled, inconsistency was assessed by visual inspection of the sensitivity/specificity plots, or data (if 2 studies). The evidence was downgraded by 1 increment if there was no overlap of 95% confidence intervals. For single studies no evaluation was made and ‘not applicable’ was recorded.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision was assessed based on inspection of the confidence region in the meta-analysis or, where meta-analysis has not been conducted, assessed according to the range of confidence intervals in the individual studies. The evidence was downgraded by 1 increment when the confidence interval around the point estimate crossed one of the clinical thresholds (0.90 or 0.60 for sensitivity and 0.5 and 0.1 for specificity), and downgraded by 2 increments when the confidence interval around the point estimate crossed both of the clinical thresholds. The upper clinical threshold marked the point above which recommendations would be possible, and the lower clinical threshold marked the point below which the tool would be regarded as of little clinical use.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>d)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab14_4"><p class="no_margin">For unpooled data the median value was given (of data with 95% CIs). If there were an even number of data points in the unpooled data, the data point chosen in the central pair was the one with lower sensitivity, with its paired specificity.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab15"><div id="niceng196er4.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">NRI for clinically relevant bleeding</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Prediction tool comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NRI(95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v HEMORRHAGES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled: Random effects NRI: + 0.030(−0.130to +0.180); I<sup>2</sup>= 89%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v ATRIA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled: Random effects NRI: + 0.040(−0.150to +0.220); I<sup>2</sup>= 92%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v HEMORRHAGES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled: Random effects NRI: + 0.060(−0.060to +0.190); I2 = 81%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v CHADS2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.130(0.050to 0.210)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v GARFIELD</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3550</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.033(−0.129 to 0.094)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v CHADSVASC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.130(0.050to 0.210)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v ORBIT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2283</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.156(0.043 to 0.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA v ATRIA +TTR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.260 (−0.480to −0.040)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT v ORBIT + TTR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2293</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.260 (−0.480to −0.040)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist (see <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">Appendix F</a>).Risk of bias was serious for most risk tools because none of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the Framingham risk tool because the study concerned also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency was serious if I2 was 50–74% and very serious if 75% of higher</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab15_3"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision serious if the 95% CIs crossed zero.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab16"><div id="niceng196er4.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: accuracy of prediction of ICHin all risk tools featured in the studies (see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab3">table 3</a>). Outcomes split across subgroups are only shown if sub-grouping was able to reduce I2 to <50% in all sub-groups</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk tool</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><p>Area Under Curve Individual study effects [point estimate (95% Cis) ]</p><p>Pooled effect/range/median</p></th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110,194</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Random effects 0.56(0.53–0.60); I<sup>2</sup>=83%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED subgrouped by antiplatelets - <33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.53(0.51–0.54)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED subgrouped by antiplatelets - >33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Fixed effects 0.56(0.52–0.60); I2=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED subgrouped by antiplatelets – not reported</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51631</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Fixed effects 0.59(0.58–0.61); I2=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107,162</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Random effects: 0.58(0.52–0.64); I2=93%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES subgrouped by antiplatelets – <33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.53(0.51–0.54)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES subgrouped by antiplatelets – >33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18,113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Fixed effects 0.59(0.55–0.63); I2=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEMORRHAGES subgrouped by antiplatelets – not reported</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48,599</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.62(0.60–0.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58,563</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Random effects 0.56(0.50–0.61); I2=75%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA subgrouped for antiplatelets - <33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.50(0.49–0.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ATRIA subgrouped for antiplatelets - >33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Fixed effects 0.58(0.54–0.63); I2=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58,563</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of inconsistency<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effectRandom effects 0.58(0.50–0.67); I2=91%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT subgrouped for antiplatelets - <33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.50(0.48–0.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ORBIT subgrouped for antiplatelets - >33%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18,113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pooled effect: Fixed effects 0.62(0.58–0.66); I2=0%</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABCBleeding CrC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1120</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.47(0.40–0.53)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MBR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.52(0.50–0.53)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">GRADE was conducted with emphasis on C statisticsas this was the primary measure discussed in decision making.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Pooling (meta-analysis) was carried out if there were at least two studies per risk tool with confidence intervals. RevMan was used to carry out the analyses. If pooling was not possible for risk tools with >1 data point then the range and median value of the study point estimates were recorded. If there were only one data point then only the result from the study was recorded.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist (see <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">Appendix F</a>).Risk of bias was serious for some risk tools because few of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the rest of the risk tools because many studies with the aforementioned limitations also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin">Where data were pooled, an I<sup>2</sup>of 50–74% was deemed serious inconsistency and an I<sup>2</sup>of 75% or above was deemed very serious inconsistency. If no pooling were possible, inconsistency was assessed by inspection of the degree of overlap of confidence intervals between studies: if one of more Cis did not overlap then a rating of serious inconsistency was given. Reasons for heterogeneity between studies may include geographical/cultural/ethnic differences. Clinically the studies appeared reasonably homogeneous, with similar rates of hypertension, diabetes and former stroke.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab16_3"><p class="no_margin">The judgement of precision was based on the spread of confidence interval around two clinical thresholds: C statistics of 0.5 and 0.7. The threshold of 0.5 marked the boundary between no predictive value better than chance and a predictive value better than chance. The threshold of 0.7 marked the boundary above which the committee might consider recommendations. If the 95% Cis crossed one of these thresholds a rating of serious imprecision was given and if they crossed both of these thresholds a rating of very serious imprecision as given.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab17"><div id="niceng196er4.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: sensitivity and specificityof prediction of intracranial haemmorhagein all risk tools featured in the studies (see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng196er4tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng196er4tab3">table 3</a>). 95% CIs are given for non-pooled results</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk tool</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Sensitivity (threshold denotes the ‘positive’ score – i.e. the score indicating a high risk of bleeding)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Specificity (threshold denotes the ‘positive’ score – i.e. the score indicating a high risk of bleeding)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLEDat threshold ≥3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.538(0.410–0.660)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.572(0.540–0.600)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectnes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectnes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ABCCrC at threshold ≥2%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.785(0.670–0.880)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.186(0.160–0.210)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Sensitivity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectnes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_10" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Specificity</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectnes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab17_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOD</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Pooling (meta-analysis) was carried out if there were at least three studies per risk tool with confidence intervals. RevMan and WinBugs were used to carry out the analyses. If pooling was not possible for risk tools with >1 data point then the range and median value of the study point estimates were recorded. If there were only one data point then only the result from the study was recorded.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist. Risk of bias was serious for some risk tools because none of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the rest of the risk tools because many studies with the aforementioned limitations also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">Where data were pooled, inconsistency was assessed by visual inspection of the sensitivity/specificity plots, or data (if 2 studies). The evidence was downgraded by 1 increment if there was no overlap of 95% confidence intervals. For single studies no evaluation was made and ‘not applicable’ was recorded.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab17_3"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision was assessed based on inspection of the confidence region in the meta-analysis or, where meta-analysis has not been conducted, assessed according to the range of confidence intervals in the individual studies. The evidence was downgraded by 1 increment when the confidence interval around the point estimate crossed one of the clinical thresholds (0.90 or 0.60 for sensitivity and 0.5 and 0.1 for specificity), and downgraded by 2 increments when the confidence interval around the point estimate crossed both of the clinical thresholds. The upper clinical threshold marked the point above which recommendations would be possible, and the lower clinical threshold marked the point below which the tool would be regarded as of little clinical use.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng196er4tab18"><div id="niceng196er4.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">NRI for intracranial bleeding</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK571344/table/niceng196er4.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng196er4.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Prediction tool comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of COHORTS</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">n</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NRI(95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v HEMORRHAGES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.030(−0.001 to 0.060)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v ATRIA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.060(0.026 to 0.093)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED V ORBIT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.048(0.013 to 0.082)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v MBR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.007(−0.018 to 0.033)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAS-BLED v ABCCrC</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1120</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+0.139(−0.010to 0.290)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MBR v HEMORRHAGES</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.022(−0.062 to 0.017)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MBR v ATRIA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.052(−0.094 to −0.011)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MBR v ORBIT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40,450</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious risk of bias<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious imprecision<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">−0.040(−0.083 to 0.002)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng196er4.tab18_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST checklist (see <a href="#niceng196er4.appf">Appendix F</a>).Risk of bias was serious for most risk tools because none of the studies reported any blinding of assessors for risk tool data and outcome status, and most did not report loss to follow up, although follow up and number of events were appropriate. Risk of bias was very serious for the Framingham risk tool because the study concerned also had insufficient numbers of events (<100) and/or inappropriately short follow up times (<5 years) to be able to accurately predict risk.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab18_2"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency was serious if I2 was 50–74% and very serious if 75% of higher</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng196er4.tab18_3"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision serious if the 95% CIs crossed zero.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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