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class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK569982_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for exercise for chronic primary pain</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Chronic pain (primary and secondary) in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain</div><p><b>Evidence review E</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 193</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2021 Apr</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-4066-0</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2021.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1"><h2 id="_niceng193er5_s1_">1. Exercise interventions for chronic primary pain</h2><div id="niceng193er5.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of exercise interventions for the management of chronic primary pain?</h3></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>Exercise, or physical activity, is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Activities associated with daily living such as walking, housework and gardening can be supplemented by activities typically considered to be exercise such as sporting activities and attendance at gyms. Exercise is particularly important for people with a variety of health conditions including musculoskeletal and cardiovascular, and is increasingly seen to be important in managing mental health problems. Increased physical activity is often recommended for people with chronic pain. A challenge for people with pain is to identify the amount and type of exercise that will reduce the impact pain has on their lives, set up healthy exercise habits, and enable them to enjoy the wider health benefits of maintaining an active lifestyle. Remaining motivated to continue exercising can also be more challenging for people living with pain.</p><p>Exercise can be carried out alone or as part of social interaction in groups and with teams. Supervised exercise can often be delivered in group settings. The emphasis is usually on encouraging and supporting the person to carry out the exercise independently and regularly.</p><p>A growing body of research shows exercise has an impact on many biological systems, including the nervous system, leading to a focus on exercise as a means to pain reduction. Exercise therapy can helpfully be framed in this context.</p><p>Although the variety of exercise types is vast, they can broadly be classified into one or more of four categories:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiovascular/aerobic/conditioning</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Resistance/anaerobic/strength</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Flexibility including stretching</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Proprioceptive including balance and movement awareness.</div></li></ul></p><p>More recently terms like mind-body have emerged to define exercises that include movement with an emphasis on focussed awareness and often with connection to metaphysical and cultural philosophies. Examples include the various forms of Yoga and Tai Chi. These exercises can also be classified using the existing classification system above. This evidence review will look at the effectiveness of these types of exercise for people with chronic primary pain, including its effects on quality of life and function.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng193er5.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>91 studies were included in the review; these are summarised in the tables below. Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below.</p><p>3 Cochrane reviews that were relevant to this review question were identified and included in the review.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref33" rid="niceng193er5.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref49" rid="niceng193er5.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref250" rid="niceng193er5.ref250"><sup>250</sup></a> These covered the following:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mind-body therapy for fibromyalgia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength training for fibromyalgia.</div></li></ul></p><p>Evidence that had been published since the Cochrane publication dates were added to the original analyses, as were additional populations, interventions, comparisons and outcomes relevant to this review protocol.</p><p>Two Cochrane reviews relevant to this review question were identified after this review had been conducted. These reviews were not included, however references were cross-referenced against this review<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref32" rid="niceng193er5.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref150" rid="niceng193er5.ref150"><sup>150</sup></a>.</p><p>Evidence was identified for the following populations:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Fibromyalgia (58 studies)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chronic neck pain (31 studies)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complex regional pain syndrome (1 study)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Masticatory pain (1 study)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (1 study)</div></li></ul></p><p>Evidence was identified for the following comparisons:
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<ol><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic exercise versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength training versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic exercise and strength training versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic, strength and flexibility versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength training and flexibility versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Proprioception versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mind-body exercise versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Flexibility versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic exercise versus strength training</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic exercise versus flexibility</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic exercise and strength training versus aerobic exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic exercise and strength training versus flexibility</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus mind-body exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus aerobic exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength training versus mind-body exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength training versus biomechanical exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength training versus flexibility</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength and flexibility versus flexibility</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength and flexibility versus mind-body exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength versus proprioception</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mind-body exercise versus flexibility</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mind-body exercise versus biomechanical exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Exercise versus psychological therapies</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Exercise versus manual therapy.</div></li></ol></p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng193er5.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#niceng193er5.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#niceng193er5.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#niceng193er5.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#niceng193er5.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.1"><h5>1.4.3.1. Aerobic exercise versus usual care</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.2"><h5>1.4.3.2. Strength training versus usual care</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.3"><h5>1.4.3.3. Aerobic exercise and strength training versus usual care</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.4"><h5>1.4.3.4. Aerobic exercise, Strength and flexibility versus usual care</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab5"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab5" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.5"><h5>1.4.3.5. Strength and flexibility combination versus usual care</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab6"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab6" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.6"><h5>1.4.3.6. Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab7"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab7" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Table 7. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab7">Table 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.7"><h5>1.4.3.7. Proprioception versus usual care</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab8"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab8" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Table 8. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab8">Table 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.8"><h5>1.4.3.8. Mind-body versus usual care</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab9"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab9" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Table 9. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab9">Table 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.9"><h5>1.4.3.9. Flexibility versus usual care</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab10"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 10" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab10" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Table 10. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab10">Table 10</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.10"><h5>1.4.3.10. Aerobic exercise versus strength training</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab11"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 11" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab11" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Table 11. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab11">Table 11</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.11"><h5>1.4.3.11. Aerobic exercise versus flexibility</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab12"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 12" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab12" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Table 12. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab12">Table 12</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.12"><h5>1.4.3.12. Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab13"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 13" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab13" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab13"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab13/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab13/?report=previmg" alt="Table 13. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab13">Table 13</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.13"><h5>1.4.3.13. Aerobic and strength versus aerobic exercise</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab14"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 14" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab14" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab14"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab14/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab14/?report=previmg" alt="Table 14. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab14">Table 14</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.14"><h5>1.4.3.14. Aerobic and Strength versus flexibility</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab15"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 15" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab15" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab15"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab15/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab15/?report=previmg" alt="Table 15. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab15">Table 15</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.15"><h5>1.4.3.15. Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body exercise</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab16"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 16" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab16" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab16"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab16/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab16/?report=previmg" alt="Table 16. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab16">Table 16</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.16"><h5>1.4.3.16. Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus aerobic exercise</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab17"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 17" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab17" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab17"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab17/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab17/?report=previmg" alt="Table 17. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab17">Table 17</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.17"><h5>1.4.3.17. Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab18"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 18" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab18" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab18"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab18/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab18/?report=previmg" alt="Table 18. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab18"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab18">Table 18</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.18"><h5>1.4.3.18. Strength training versus mind-body exercise</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab19"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 19" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab19" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab19"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab19/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab19/?report=previmg" alt="Table 19. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab19"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab19">Table 19</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.19"><h5>1.4.3.19. Strength versus biomechanical</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab20"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 20" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab20" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab20"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab20/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab20/?report=previmg" alt="Table 20. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab20"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab20">Table 20</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.20"><h5>1.4.3.20. Strength training versus flexibility</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab21"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 21" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab21" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab21"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab21/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab21/?report=previmg" alt="Table 21. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab21"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab21">Table 21</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.21"><h5>1.4.3.21. Strength and flexibility versus flexibility</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab22"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 22" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab22" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab22"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab22/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab22/?report=previmg" alt="Table 22. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab22"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab22">Table 22</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.22"><h5>1.4.3.22. Strength and flexibility versus mind-body exercises</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab23"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 23" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab23" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab23"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab23/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab23/?report=previmg" alt="Table 23. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab23"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab23">Table 23</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.23"><h5>1.4.3.23. Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body exercises</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab24"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 24" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab24" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab24"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab24/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab24/?report=previmg" alt="Table 24. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab24"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab24">Table 24</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.24"><h5>1.4.3.24. Strength versus proprioceptive training</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab25"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 25" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab25" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab25"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab25/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab25/?report=previmg" alt="Table 25. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab25"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab25">Table 25</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.25"><h5>1.4.3.25. Mind-body versus flexibility</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab26"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 26" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab26" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab26"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab26/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab26/?report=previmg" alt="Table 26. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab26"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab26">Table 26</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.26"><h5>1.4.3.26. Mind-body versus biomechanical</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab27"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 27" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab27" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab27"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab27/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab27/?report=previmg" alt="Table 27. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab27"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab27">Table 27</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.27"><h5>1.4.3.27. Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic exercise</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab28"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 28" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab28" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab28"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab28/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab28/?report=previmg" alt="Table 28. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab28"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab28">Table 28</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.28"><h5>1.4.3.28. Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab29"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 29" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab29" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab29"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab29/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab29/?report=previmg" alt="Table 29. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab29"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab29">Table 29</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.29"><h5>1.4.3.29. Exercise versus psychological therapies</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab30"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 30" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab30" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab30"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab30/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab30/?report=previmg" alt="Table 30. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab30"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab30">Table 30</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.30"><h5>1.4.3.30. Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab31"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 31" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab31" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab31"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab31/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab31/?report=previmg" alt="Table 31. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab31"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab31">Table 31</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.31"><h5>1.4.3.31. Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy alone</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab32"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 32" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab32" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab32"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab32/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab32/?report=previmg" alt="Table 32. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab32"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab32">Table 32</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.3.32"><h5>1.4.3.32. Exercise versus manual therapy</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab33"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 33" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab33" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab33"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab33/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab33/?report=previmg" alt="Table 33. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab33"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab33">Table 33</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng193er5.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.4.4"><h4>1.4.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab34"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 34" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab34" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab34"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab34/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab34/?report=previmg" alt="Table 34. Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab34"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab34">Table 34</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus usual care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab35"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 35" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab35" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab35"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab35/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab35/?report=previmg" alt="Table 35. Clinical evidence summary: Strength training versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab35"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab35">Table 35</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Strength training versus usual care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab36"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 36" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab36" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab36"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab36/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab36/?report=previmg" alt="Table 36. Clinical evidence summary Aerobic and strength versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab36"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab36">Table 36</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary Aerobic and strength versus usual care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab37"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 37" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab37" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab37"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab37/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab37/?report=previmg" alt="Table 37. Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic, strength and flexibility versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab37"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab37">Table 37</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic, strength and flexibility versus usual care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab38"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 38" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab38" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab38"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab38/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab38/?report=previmg" alt="Table 38. Clinical evidence summary: Strength and flexibility versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab38"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab38">Table 38</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Strength and flexibility versus usual care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab39"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 39" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab39" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab39"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab39/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab39/?report=previmg" alt="Table 39. Clinical evidence summary: Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab39"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab39">Table 39</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab40"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 40" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab40" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab40"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab40/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab40/?report=previmg" alt="Table 40. Clinical evidence summary: Proprioception versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab40"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab40">Table 40</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Proprioception versus usual care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab41"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 41" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab41" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab41"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab41/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab41/?report=previmg" alt="Table 41. Clinical evidence summary: Mind-body exercise versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab41"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab41">Table 41</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Mind-body exercise versus usual care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab42"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 42" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab42" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab42"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab42/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab42/?report=previmg" alt="Table 42. Clinical evidence summary: Flexibility versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab42"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab42">Table 42</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Flexibility versus usual care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab43"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 43" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab43" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab43"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab43/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab43/?report=previmg" alt="Table 43. Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus strength." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab43"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab43">Table 43</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus strength. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab44"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab44/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 44" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab44" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab44"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab44/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab44/?report=previmg" alt="Table 44. Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus flexibility." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab44"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab44/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab44">Table 44</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus flexibility. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab45"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab45/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 45" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab45" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab45"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab45/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab45/?report=previmg" alt="Table 45. Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab45"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab45/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab45">Table 45</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab46"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab46/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 46" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab46" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab46"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab46/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab46/?report=previmg" alt="Table 46. Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic and strength versus aerobic exercise." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab46"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab46/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab46">Table 46</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic and strength versus aerobic exercise. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab47"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab47/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 47" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab47" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab47"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab47/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab47/?report=previmg" alt="Table 47. Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic and strength versus flexibility." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab47"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab47/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab47">Table 47</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic and strength versus flexibility. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab48"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab48/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 48" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab48" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab48"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab48/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab48/?report=previmg" alt="Table 48. Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body exercise." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab48"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab48/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab48">Table 48</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body exercise. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab49"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab49/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 49" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab49" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab49"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab49/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab49/?report=previmg" alt="Table 49. Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus aerobic exercise." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab49"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab49/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab49">Table 49</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus aerobic exercise. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab50"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab50/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 50" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab50" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab50"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab50/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab50/?report=previmg" alt="Table 50. Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab50"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab50/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab50">Table 50</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab51"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab51/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 51" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab51" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab51"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab51/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab51/?report=previmg" alt="Table 51. Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus mind-body." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab51"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab51/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab51">Table 51</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus mind-body. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab52"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab52/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 52" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab52" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab52"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab52/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab52/?report=previmg" alt="Table 52. Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus biomechanical." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab52"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab52/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab52">Table 52</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus biomechanical. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab53"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab53/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 53" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab53" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab53"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab53/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab53/?report=previmg" alt="Table 53. Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus flexibility." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab53"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab53/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab53">Table 53</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus flexibility. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab54"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab54/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 54" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab54" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab54"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab54/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab54/?report=previmg" alt="Table 54. Clinical evidence summary: Strength and flexibility versus flexibility." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab54"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab54/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab54">Table 54</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Strength and flexibility versus flexibility. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab55"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab55/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 55" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab55" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab55"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab55/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab55/?report=previmg" alt="Table 55. Clinical evidence summary: Strength and flexibility versus mind-body." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab55"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab55/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab55">Table 55</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Strength and flexibility versus mind-body. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab56"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab56/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 56" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab56" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab56"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab56/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab56/?report=previmg" alt="Table 56. Clinical evidence summary: Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab56"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab56/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab56">Table 56</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab57"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab57/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 57" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab57" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab57"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab57/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab57/?report=previmg" alt="Table 57. Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus proprioception." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab57"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab57/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab57">Table 57</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus proprioception. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab58"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab58/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 58" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab58" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab58"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab58/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab58/?report=previmg" alt="Table 58. Clinical evidence summary: Mind-body versus flexibility." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab58"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab58/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab58">Table 58</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Mind-body versus flexibility. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab59"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab59/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 59" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab59" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab59"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab59/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab59/?report=previmg" alt="Table 59. Clinical evidence summary: Mind-body versus biomechanical." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab59"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab59/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab59">Table 59</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Mind-body versus biomechanical. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab60"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab60/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 60" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab60" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab60"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab60/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab60/?report=previmg" alt="Table 60. Clinical evidence summary: Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab60"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab60/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab60">Table 60</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab61"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab61/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 61" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab61" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab61"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab61/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab61/?report=previmg" alt="Table 61. Clinical evidence summary: Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic exercise." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab61"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab61/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab61">Table 61</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic exercise. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab62"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab62/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 62" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab62" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab62"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab62/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab62/?report=previmg" alt="Table 62. Clinical evidence summary: Exercise versus psychological therapies." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab62"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab62/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab62">Table 62</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Exercise versus psychological therapies. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab63"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab63/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 63" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab63" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab63"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab63/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab63/?report=previmg" alt="Table 63. Clinical evidence summary: Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab63"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab63/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab63">Table 63</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab64"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab64/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 64" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab64" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab64"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab64/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab64/?report=previmg" alt="Table 64. Clinical evidence summary: Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab64"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab64/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab64">Table 64</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab65"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab65/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 65" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab65" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab65"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab65/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab65/?report=previmg" alt="Table 65. Clinical evidence summary: Exercise versus manual therapy." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab65"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab65/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab65">Table 65</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Exercise versus manual therapy. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng193er5.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="niceng193er5.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>Two health economic studies were identified with the relevant comparisons and have been included in this review. This is summarised in the health economic evidence profile below and the health economic evidence tables in <a href="#niceng193er5.apph">appendix H</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>Three additional health economic studies were identified as relevant to this question, but were selectively excluded as the committee judged that other available evidence was of greater applicability and methodological quality.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref181" rid="niceng193er5.ref181"><sup>181</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref263" rid="niceng193er5.ref263"><sup>263</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref264" rid="niceng193er5.ref264"><sup>264</sup></a> These are listed in <a href="#niceng193er5.appi">appendix I</a>, with reason for exclusion given.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng193er5.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h4><p>Note that <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab66/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab66" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab66">Table 66</a> includes only the relevant comparisons for this review, although the evidence table in <a href="#niceng193er5.apph">Appendix H</a>: includes all comparators in the study.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab66"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab66/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 66" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab66" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab66"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab66/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab66/?report=previmg" alt="Table 66. Health economic evidence profile: Aerobic exercise therapy vs. psychological therapy or usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab66"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab66/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab66">Table 66</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Health economic evidence profile: Aerobic exercise therapy vs. psychological therapy or usual care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab67"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab67/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 67" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab67" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab67"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab67/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab67/?report=previmg" alt="Table 67. Health economic evidence profile: Aquatic based aerobic exercise + usual care versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab67"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab67/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab67">Table 67</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Health economic evidence profile: Aquatic based aerobic exercise + usual care versus usual care. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.5.4"><h4>1.5.4. Health economic modelling</h4><p>This area was prioritised for new economic modelling. The rationale, methods and results are summarised below. Full details are available in the ‘Exercise modelling report’.</p><div id="niceng193er5.s1.5.4.1"><h5>Methods</h5><p>The clinical review showed a benefit of exercise compared to usual care in reducing pain and improving quality of life. When comparing types of exercise to each other, there was less evidence and it was difficult to draw conclusions about a hierarchy of types of exercise.</p><p>Two economic evaluations were identified for this review comparing exercise to treatment as usual. One was a UK within trial analysis (cost utility analysis) looking at a gym based exercise program (gym membership provided), and 6 fitness instructor-led monthly sessions, for a duration of 6 months. The committee view was that this study was quite different to most of the other studies in the clinical review, which tended to be structured class-based interventions, generally group based, with varying frequency/intensity. The study found exercise was not cost effective in the base case analysis using complete case data, but it was cost effective when using imputed data. The second economic evaluation was a Spanish within trial analysis (cost utility analysis, comparing 8 months of group pool-based exercised to usual care. This found exercise to be cost effective. Pool-based exercises are not considered to be current practice in the UK because they have higher costs. This was an older study than the UK one (2008), and had limitations like the costs of the staff involved seem very low compared to UK costs, which is likely to increase the ICER.</p><p>Uncertainty remained about the cost effectiveness of exercise from the included data, therefore, a lifetime cost utility analysis was undertaken, from the NHS perspective, that compared exercise with no exercise (both groups had usual care therefore this was not included in the model). The analysis is based on studies from the clinical review that reported utilities (EQ-5D), or the SF-36 that could be mapped to utilities (12 studies). All exercise types were pooled. All studies except one used supervised exercise, and most were group based (or assumed to be).</p><p>For each study, the difference between follow up EQ-5D (whether this was at the end of treatment or later) and the baseline EQ-5D was taken for the intervention and usual care group, to take account of any baseline differences between the two groups. The difference in EQ-5D was then taken between the intervention and usual care group for each study. Therefore, the treatment benefit is the EQ-5D gain from exercise compared to usual care, taking into account baseline differences. Where there were several studies that reported quality of life at the same time point, these were pooled in a meta-analysis. A linear trend line was fitted to the QoL gain points over time, based on weighted least squares regression to attach more weight to time points where there was more certainty about the treatment effect. The available data on the difference in utility between the comparators were combined with assumptions about what is likely to happen to treatment effect beyond the follow-up in the trials (treatment effect was extrapolated), to calculate the average QALY gain with exercise compared to no exercise. Extrapolation assumptions were based on committee opinion, and different assumptions were needed for different scenarios that occurred in probabilistic analyses. Note the treatment effect was extrapolated only until there was no additional quality of life benefit from exercise. Two base cases were analysed; one with a lifetime horizon and one where treatment effect is not extrapolated beyond the trial data.</p><p>The key difference in costs was agreed to be those related to delivering an exercise programme. No other costs were incorporated in the analysis. The average resource use from the interventions in each study were identified and costed, and a weighted average cost calculated, weighting by the number of participants in the studies.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.5.4.2"><h5>Results</h5><p>The probabilistic and deterministic base case results can be seen in the table below. Results are presented for both base cases. Both analyses show the ICER is below the NICE threshold of £20,000, and therefore exercise would be considered cost effective. The probability of exercise being cost effective is also high.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5tab68"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab68/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 68" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5tab68" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab68"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab68/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab68/?report=previmg" alt="Table 68. Base case results (discounted)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.tab68"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab68/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5tab68">Table 68</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Base case results (discounted). </p></div></div><p>The deterministic results are slightly different to the probabilistic in the lifetime analysis because there is a larger incremental QALY gain in the probabilistic analysis from the QALY gains having a skewed distribution, as there are some simulations with quite flat slopes which lead to a large QALY gain because of the extrapolation assumptions exacerbating the gain, and the point at which there is no longer a difference in treatment effect from exercise being far into the future. This was proven by looking at the distribution of the QALY gains in a probabilistic analysis and plotting them graphically. Additionally, when looking at the analysis where no extrapolation of the data was assumed, then the probabilistic and deterministic results are very close, proving that the extrapolation assumptions and the nature of the data in the probabilistic analysis is creating this discord between the types of results, and both types of results are still well below the NICE threshold.</p><p>Various sensitivity analyses were undertaken for both base cases, where long term data points were included that were not included in the base case, and also data points that followed a ‘de-training’ period were also only used in a sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis also tested using final QoL values in the meta-analysis as opposed to changes from baseline. Assumptions were also made about less staff and lower staff bands, as the most conservative assumptions about resource use were made in the base case. All sensitivity analyses did not change the conclusions.</p><p>Limitations of the analysis include that data was pooled from different studies that had different interventions of different intensities. This is likely to affect costs but also treatment effect. There is uncertainty around whether the costs that have been pooled appropriately correspond to/or are leading to the pooled treatment effect. This is because it is unclear what it is about exercise that causes a benefit. The analysis only used a subset of studies from the clinical review. The linear trend line representing treatment effect over time is a simplification of how people’s quality of life would fluctuate in reality. The quality of life gain taken from the studies could also be an overestimate because it is likely that people who respond to follow up questionnaires or that have not dropped out of a trial are more engaged with the intervention. Additionally, it is uncertain what was happening after the intervention and whether people were continuing the intervention so assumptions were made. No other costs have been accounted for in the analysis except for intervention costs.</p><p>Overall, this analysis has pooled a subset of data from the clinical review that reported quality of life, to estimate the potential cost effectiveness of supervised exercise in general, not being specific to a particular type of exercise. Given the differences between the studies and how few studies were used compared to the review as a whole, this analysis should be interpreted carefully.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.1"><h5>1.6.1.1. Aerobic exercise versus usual care</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.1.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 40 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 9 studies with 528 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 95 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.1.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 5 studies with 372 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months. Very low to low quality evidence from 1 study with 54 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months. Very low to low quality evidence from 1 study with 95 participants showed usual care to lead to a clinically important benefit compared to exercise at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 259 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study 95 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months or at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.1.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 155 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months and very low quality evidence from 1 study with 95 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 169 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 246 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.1.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 60 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 3 studies with 123 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Low quality evidence from 4 studies with 306 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Low quality evidence from 4 studies with 320 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 50 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 95 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.1.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>Very low to low quality evidence from 1 study with 95 participants was identified but clinical importance could not be determined (unclear if high or low healthcare service use is a clinically important benefit).</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.1.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 5 studies with 414 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.1.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 9 studies with 607 participants showed more people discontinued from exercise compared to usual care.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.2"><h5>1.6.1.2. Strength training versus usual care</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.2.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 156 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 251 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 4 studies with 449 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.2.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 102 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 42 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 52 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.2.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 3 studies with 146 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 151 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 20 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 2 studies with 163 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 105 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.2.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 25 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 21 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.2.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>Very low to low quality evidence from 1 study with 179 participants was identified but clinical importance could not be determined (unclear if high or low healthcare service use is a clinically important benefit).</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.2.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 21 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.2.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 4 studies with 252 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.3"><h5>1.6.1.3. Aerobic and strength exercise versus usual care</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.3.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 2 studes with 129 participants showed no clinically important difference between between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 161 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.3.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 30 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months and >3 months. Low quality evidence from 2 studies with 54 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 4 studies with 171 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 42 participants showed both a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care and no clinically important difference at >3 months (various subscales).</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.3.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 32 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 16 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 37 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 30 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.3.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 2 studies with 54 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 58 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study wih 32 participants showed no clinically important difference between between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 4 studies with 125 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 83 participants showed a clinically important of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.3.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 78 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.3.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 58 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.3.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 4 studies with 125 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 7 studies with 230 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.4"><h5>1.6.1.4. Aerobic, strength and flexibility versus usual care</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 25 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months for quality of life.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.5"><h5>1.6.1.5. Strength and flexibility versus usual care</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.5.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 2 studies with 110 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 2 studies with 144 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.5.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 70 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 144 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.5.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 70 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Moderate quality evidence from 2 studies with 144 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.5.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 70 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months or >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.5.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.5.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.5.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 157 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.6"><h5>1.6.1.6. Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.6.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 76 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months and >3 months</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.6.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 76 participants showed both a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care and no clinically important difference at ≤3 months and >3 months (various subscales).</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.6.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 76 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months and >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.6.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 76 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months and >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.6.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>Very low to low quality evidence from 1 study with 95 participants was identified but clinical importance could not be determined (unclear if high or low healthcare service use is a clinically important benefit).</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.6.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.6.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 76 participants showed more people discontinued from exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.7"><h5>1.6.1.7. Proprioception versus usual care</h5><p>Low to very low quality evidence from 1 study with 46 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months and >3 months for pain or quality of life. Low quality evidence from the same study showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months and >3 months for psychological distress, and a clinically important benefit at ≤3 months for physical function, but no clinically important difference at >3 months.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.8"><h5>1.6.1.8. Mind-body exercise versus usual care</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.8.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 8 studies with 393 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 117 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 117 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 80 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months. Low quality evidence from 3 studies with 221 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.8.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 57 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 106 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Moderate quality evidence from 3 studies with 220 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 220 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 221 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 80 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.8.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 7 studies with 363 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Low quality evidence from 3 studies with 225 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 80 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.8.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 5 studies with 306 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 57 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 2 studies with 77 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months. Moderate quality evidence from 3 studies with 223 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 77 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.8.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.8.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 60 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.8.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 12 studies with 784 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at >3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.9"><h5>1.6.1.9. Flexibility versus usual care</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.9.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 28 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.9.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.9.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 28 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and usual care at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.9.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.9.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.9.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.9.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 34 participants showed more people discontinued from exercise compared to usual care at ≤3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.10"><h5>1.6.1.10. Aerobic versus strength</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.10.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 4 studies with 199 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and strength at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 60 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and strength at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.10.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 127 participants showed a clinically important benefit of aerobic compared to strength at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.10.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 26 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and strength at ≤3 months. Moderate quality evidence from 1 study with 75 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and strength at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 2 studies with 86 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and strength at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.10.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 52 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and strength at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 75 participants showed a clinically important benefit of aerobic compared to strength at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.10.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.10.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 26 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and strength at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.10.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 4 studies with 196 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and strength at ≤3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.11"><h5>1.6.1.11. Aerobic exercise versus flexibility</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.11.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 60 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and flexibility at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 60 participants showed a clinically important benefit of aerobic compared to flexibility at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.11.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 60 participants showed a clinically important benefit of aerobic compared to flexibility at ≤3 months and >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.11.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.11.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 60 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and flexibility at ≤3 months, and both clinically important benefit of aerobic (for depression subscale) and no clinically important difference (for anxiety subscale) at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.11.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.11.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.11.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 76 participants showed more people discontinued from aerobic compared to flexibility at >3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.12"><h5>1.6.1.12. Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise</h5><p>Moderate to very low quality evidence from 1 study with 42 participants showed a clinically important benefit of aerobic exercise compared with biomechanical exercise for quality of life at ≤3 months, but no clinically important difference between aerobic and biomechanical exercise for pain reduction, psychological distress or sleep. More people discontinued from biomechanical exercise than aerobic exercise.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.13"><h5>1.6.1.13. Aerobic and strength versus aerobic exercise</h5><p>Low to very low quality evidence from 1 study with 43 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and strength and aerobic at >3 months for quality of life, psychological distress or discontinuation.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.14"><h5>1.6.1.14. Aerobic and strength versus flexibility</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 85 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and strength and flexibility at ≤3 months for pain or psychological distress but a benefit or aerobic and strength for quality of life. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 76 participants showed a clinically important benefit of aerobic and strength compared to flexibility at >3 months for pain and quality and life but not clinically important difference for psychological distress. Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 103 participants showed more people discontinued from aerobic and strength compared to flexibility at ≤3 months.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.15"><h5>1.6.1.15. Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body exercise</h5><p>Very low to low quality evidence from 1 study with 111 participants showed no clinically important difference between aerobic and flexibility and mind-body at ≤3 months and >3 months for quality of life, physical function, psychological distress and sleep (other than a benefit of aerobic and flexibility for a mental quality of life subscale at ≤3 months and a physical quality of life subscale at >3 months. Very low quality evidence from the same study showed more people discontinued from aerobic and flexibility compared to mind-body exercise at ≤3 months.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.16"><h5>1.6.1.16. Aerobic and flexibility versus aerobic exercise</h5><p>Moderate quality evidence from 1 study with 64 participants showed a clinically important benefit of aerobic and flexibility exercise compared with aerobic exercise alone for quality of life and sleep at ≤3 months and >3 months, but no clinically important difference between aerobic and flexibility exercise and aerobic exercise alone for pain reduction at either time point, or discontinuation.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.17"><h5>1.6.1.17. Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 21 participants showed a clinically important benefit of aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception exercise compared with flexibility for quality of life and discontinuation, but no clinically important difference for physical function at ≤3 months.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.18"><h5>1.6.1.18. Strength training versus mind-body exercise</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.18.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 36 participants showed a clinically important benefit of mind-body exercise compared to strength training at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.18.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 36 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength training and mind-body exercise at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.18.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 36 participants showed a clinically important benefit of mind-body exercise compared to strength training at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.18.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 36 participants showed a clinically important benefit of mind-body exercise compared to strength training at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.18.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.18.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.18.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study showed more people discontinued from strength compared to mind-body exercise at ≤3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.19"><h5>1.6.1.19. Strength training versus biomechanical exercise</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.19.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 38 participants showed a clinically important benefit of biomechanical exercise compared to strength training at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.19.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 38 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength training and biomechanical exercise at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.19.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 38 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength training and biomechanical exercise at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.19.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 38 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength training and biomechanical exercise at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.19.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.19.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.19.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.20"><h5>1.6.1.20. Strength training versus flexibility</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.20.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Moderate quality evidence from 2 studies with 86 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength and flexibility at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.20.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 60 participants showed both a clinically important benefit and no clinically important difference of/between strength compared to flexibility at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.20.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 30 participants showed clinically important benefit of flexibility compared to strength at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.20.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 56 participants showed clinically important benefit of flexibility compared to strength (anxiety subscale) and no clinically important difference between strength and flexibility (depression subscale) at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.20.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.20.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>Moderate quality evidence from 1 study with 56 participants showed a clinically important benefit of strength compared to flexibility at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.20.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 157 participants showed a clinically important benefit of strength compared to flexibility at >3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.21"><h5>1.6.1.21. Strength and flexibility versus flexibility</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 86 participants showed both a clinically important benefit of strength and flexibility compared to flexibility and no clinically important difference at >3 months (various subscales). Very low quality evidence from the same study showed a clinically important benefit of strength and flexibility compared to flexibility for discontinuation at >3 months.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.22"><h5>1.6.1.22. Strength and flexibility versus mind-body exercise</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.22.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 2 studies with 117 participants showed a clinically important benefit of strength and flexibility compared to mind-body at ≤3 months. Moderate quality evidence from 2 studies with 140 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength and flexibility compared to mind-body at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.22.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Moderate quality evidence from 2 studies with 117 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength and flexibility compared to mind-body at ≤3 months. Moderate to low quality evidence from 2 studies with 140 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength and flexibility compared to mind-body at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.22.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 2 studies with 117 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength and flexibility compared to mind-body at ≤3 months. Moderate to low quality evidence from 2 studies with 140 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength and flexibility compared to mind-body at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.22.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 66 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength and flexibility compared to mind-body at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.22.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.22.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.22.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 3 studies with 209 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength and flexibility compared to mind-body at >3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.23"><h5>1.6.1.23. Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body exercise</h5><p>Very low to moderate quality evidence from 1 study with 75 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength and flexibility and flexibility at ≤3 months and >3 months for pain, quality of life, physical function and psychological distress. High quality evidence from the same study showed clinically important benefit of mind-body compared to strength, flexibility and proprioception at ≤3 months for discontinuation.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.24"><h5>1.6.1.24. Strength training versus proprioception</h5><p>Moderate quality evidence from 1 study with 26 participants showed no clinically important difference between strength and proprioception at ≤3 months for physical function.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.25"><h5>1.6.1.25. Mind-body exercise versus flexibility</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 55 participants showed no clinically important difference between mind-body and flexibility at ≤3 months for pain, but a clinically important benefit of mind-body for quality of life. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 81 participants showed no clinically important difference between mind-body and flexibility at ≤3 months for sleep. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 62 participants showed more people discontinued from mind-body at ≤3 months.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.26"><h5>1.6.1.26. Mind-body exercise versus biomechanical exericse</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.26.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 38 participants showed no clinically important difference between mind-body and biomechanical exercise at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.26.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 38 participants showed no clinically important difference between mind-body and biomechanical exercise at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.26.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 38 participants showed no clinically important difference between mind-body and biomechanical exercise at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.26.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 38 participants showed no clinically important difference between mind-body and biomechanical exercise at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.26.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.26.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.26.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.27"><h5>1.6.1.27. Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 57 participants showed a clinically important benefit of flexibility and proprioception compared to flexibility for quality of life and psychological distress at ≤3 months, but no clinically important difference for discontinuation.</p><p>No other evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.28"><h5>1.6.1.28. Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic</h5><p>Very low to moderate quality evidence from 1 study with 136 participants showed no clinically important difference between flexibility and relaxation and aerobic at >3 months for quality of life or discontinuation.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.29"><h5>1.6.1.29. Exercise versus psychological therapies</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.29.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 4 studies with 251 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and psychological therapies at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 4 studies with 468 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and psychological therapies at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.29.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Moderate quality evidence from 4 studies with 292 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and psychological therapies at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 60 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared with psychological therapies at ≤3 months . Low quality evidence from 1 study with 152 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and psychological therapies at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.29.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 98 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to psychological therapies at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 3 studies with 199 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and psychological therapies at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 105 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to psychological therapies at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.29.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 62 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to psychological therapies at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 105 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and psychological therapies at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.29.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.29.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>Moderate quality evidence from 1 study with 190 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and psychological therapies at >3 months. Low quality evidence from 1 study with 105 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and psychological therapies at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.29.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 10 studies with 1062 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and psychological therapies at >3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.30"><h5>1.6.1.30. Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 101 participants showed no clinically important difference between manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy for pain at ≤3 months and >3 months, but a clinically important benefit of manual therapy and exercise compared to manual therapy at ≤3 months and >3 months. Very low quality evidence from the same study with 127 participants showed no clinically important difference between the manual therapy and exercise compared to manual therapy for discontinuation.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.31"><h5>1.6.1.31. Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.31.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Moderate quality evidence from 6 studies with 542 participants showed a clinically important benefit of manual therapy and exercise compared with exercise alone at ≤3 months. Low quality evidence from 3 studies with 394 participants showed no clinically important difference between manual therapy and exercise versus exercise at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.31.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 21 participants showed no clinically important difference between manual therapy and exercise versus exercise at >3 months. Moderate quality evidence from 1 study with 180 participants showed no clinically important difference between manual therapy and exercise versus exercise at ≤3 months and >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.31.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 2 studies with 86 participants showed a clinically important benefit of manual therapy and exercise compared with exercise alone at ≤3 months. Very low quality evidence from 5 studies with 477 participants showed no clinically important difference between manual therapy and exercise versus exercise at ≤3 months. Moderate quality evidence from 3 studies with 394 participants showed no clinically important difference between manual therapy and exercise versus exercise at ≤3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.31.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.31.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.31.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.31.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 6 studies with 542 participants showed no clinically important difference between manual therapy and exercise versus exercise at >3 months.</p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.32"><h5>1.6.1.32. Exercise versus manual therapy</h5><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.32.1"><h5>Pain reduction</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 101 participants showed a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to psychological therapies at ≤3 months but no clinically important difference between exercise and manual therapies at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.32.2"><h5>Health related quality of life</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.32.3"><h5>Physical function</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 study with 94 participants showed no clinically important difference between exercise and manual therapies at ≤3 months but a clinically important benefit of exercise compared to manual therapies at >3 months.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.32.4"><h5>Psychological distress</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.32.5"><h5>Use of healthcare services</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.32.6"><h5>Sleep</h5><p>No evidence identified.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.1.32.7"><h5>Discontinuation</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 study with 127 participants showed more people discontinued from exercise compared to manual therapies at ≤3 months.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>One cost–utility analysis found that gym-based aerobic exercise therapy was:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>not cost effective compared to treatment as usual for treating chronic primary pain when using complete case analysis (ICER: £76,960 per QALY). It also found that telephone-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (TCBT) was dominant (less costly and more effective) compared to exercise therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>cost effective compared to treatment as usual for treating chronic primary pain when using multiple imputation analysis (ICER: £17,690 per QALY gained). It also found that telephone-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (TCBT) was dominant (less costly and more effective) compared to exercise therapy.</div></li></ul>
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This analysis was assessed as directly applicable with potentially serious limitations.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>One cost-utility analysis found that aquatic exercise therapy was cost effective in addition to usual care, compared to usual care (ICER: £3,630 per QALY gained). This analysis was assessed as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>One original cost-utility analysis found that exercise therapy was cost effective compared to no exercise therapy for treating chronic primary pain (probabilistic ICERs: £9,121 per QALY gained (lifetime analysis), £12,683 per QALY gained (no extrapolation analysis), deterministic ICERS: £12,327 per QALY gained (lifetime analysis), £12,739 per QALY gained (no extrapolation analysis). This analysis was assessed as directly applicable with minor limitations.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee considered pain reduction, health-related quality of life, physical function and psychological distress to be critical outcomes for decision-making. Use of healthcare services, sleep and discontinuation were also considered to be important outcomes. The critical and important outcomes agreed by the committee were adapted by consensus from relevant core outcome sets registered under the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative. This included the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) recommendations.</p><p>Evidence was identified for all critical and important outcomes.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>Evidence from 91 randomised controlled trials was identified for 32 different comparisons in this review. Comparisons against usual care with the most evidence were mind-body, aerobic, aerobic plus strength and strength. There were several comparisons of mixed modality exercise versus usual care. A small amount of evidence for some head-to-head comparisons of different types of exercise was also identified. No evidence was identified for graded motor imagery.</p><p>The majority of the evidence was of low to very low quality, mainly due to risk of bias and imprecision. There was a lack of blinding in the studies due to the nature of the interventions; this combined with the mostly subjective outcomes resulted in a high risk of performance bias. The majority of the studies had small sample sizes, which increased the uncertainty around the point estimates. Another factor that could have contributed to imprecision was variation in the interventions within the evidence. There were a broad range of exercise programmes which varied in their duration, frequency, intensity, types of exercises and amount of contact with supervisors. This could have influenced the observed effectiveness of each individual intervention within the evidence, leading to greater uncertainty around the point estimates. The committee took into account the low quality evidence, including the uncertainty in their interpretation of the evidence, particularly when considering the small amount of evidence for comparisons between different types of exercise.</p><p>The committee noted that the definition of usual care varied across studies or was not clearly reported, which was a general limitation of the review. Usual care generally included: no additional interventions, participants being asked not change their activity levels or to continue normal activities, waiting list controls, low intensity interventions such as advice to stretch or interventions deemed appropriate by the healthcare professionals involved in the study (not including interventions similar to those in the intervention arm of the study).</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>The evidence base in general suggested a benefit of exercise therapies over usual care. Although there was uncertainty around the effect estimates for many of the outcomes, the committee agreed that the direction of effect on the whole was positive. Evidence comparing different types of exercise showed little difference in effectiveness between therapies. The majority of evidence involved supervised group exercise.</p><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1.3.1"><h5>Exercise versus usual care</h5><p>Evidence showed that, compared with usual care, there was generally a benefit of both single-modality and mixed-modality exercise therapies for pain reduction and quality of life.</p><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1.3.1.1"><h5>Single-modality exercises</h5><p>Most types of exercise showed a benefit in terms of improving critical outcomes for people with chronic primary pain (including quality of life, pain, physical function and psychological distress) both in the short-term (less than 3 months) and long-term (more than 3 months), although there was serious uncertainty around the effect estimates for many of the outcomes and in some cases, very serious uncertainty the direction of effect indicated a benefit. Interventions that were shown to be effective include aerobic exercise, strength exercise and mind-body exercises.</p><p>Evidence for flexibility alone (for example stretching) or proprioception alone (for example balance exercise) was more limited. Evidence for flexibility exercise was very low quality and was limited to one small study with a short-term follow up and small sample size. This evidence showed a benefit of flexibility in terms of pain, but no difference for physical function. Evidence for other critical outcomes such as psychological distress and quality of life was not available. Similarly evidence for proprioception versus usual care was very low quality and limited to one study with a small number of participants. This showed no benefit of proprioception in the short or long term for pain reduction, quality of life and physical function, and a benefit for psychological distress. The committee agreed that this evidence was not sufficient to determine the effectiveness of flexibility or proprioception exercises alone.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1.3.1.2"><h5>Mixed-modality exercises</h5><p>Comparisons of mixed-modality exercises versus usual care included:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic and strength versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic, strength and flexibility versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength and flexibility versus usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care</div></li></ul></p><p>Evidence was available for all critical outcomes and generally showed a benefit of these types of exercise for quality of life and pain, although there was uncertainty around the effect estimates for many of the outcomes and in some cases, very serious uncertainty. Evidence for psychological distress and physical function varied across different types of exercise, with some exercise interventions showing a benefit whilst others showed mixed results, again with some uncertainty. There was less evidence for the outcome of sleep, with the majority showing no difference. Evidence for discontinuation was mixed, with some evidence to suggest that more people dropped out of the exercise interventions compared to usual care. However, the committee found the evidence about discontinuation difficult to interpret because usual care was often poorly defined.</p><p>Generally, the evidence showed a benefit of mixed-modality exercises for chronic primary pain. No evidence was available to compare mixed-modality exercises to each other, and the committee agreed that evidence was therefore not sufficient to determine whether one type of exercise was more beneficial than another. The committee instead considered that despite the uncertainty, the evidence reflected an overall benefit of exercise therapies, particularly for reducing pain and improving quality of life, in combination with the lack of negative effects other than discontinuation from the therapy and decided to make a recommendation for exercise.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1.3.1.3"><h5>Head-to-head comparisons (types of exercise compared to each other)</h5><p>There were 17 different comparisons of different types of exercise compared to each other. The committee found it difficult to draw any firm conclusions regarding a hierarchical order of effectiveness. This was because the evidence was based on small sample sizes, had a high degree of uncertainty and was generally low to very low quality. This contributed to the committee decision not to make a recommendation for one type of exercise over another. When considered alongside the evidence demonstrating that discontinuation from exercise programmes is often an issue, the committee agreed that the choice of type of exercise should be made on an individualised basis, as people are more likely to adhere to an exercise programme that is suited to their needs and preferences.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1.3.1.4"><h5>Exercise versus psychological therapies</h5><p>Evidence comparing various exercises to psychological therapies was limited, with only a small number of studies available, all of which had small sample sizes. Evidence was available for all critical outcomes but a consistent benefit of either exercise or psychological therapies was not demonstrated. Some outcomes suggested a benefit of exercise in terms of quality of life, physical function and psychological distress. However, there was serious uncertainty around the effect estimates and results were mixed with some evidence suggesting no difference between the two types of interventions (for pain, quality of life, physical function, psychological distress and sleep). Overall, the committee agreed that the evidence was insufficient to determine whether exercise as a whole is more or less effective than psychological therapies. The committee acknowledged that the effects observed with this comparison could have been affected by the type of exercise or psychological therapy in the individual studies contributing to each outcome.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1.3.1.5"><h5>Exercise versus manual therapies</h5><p>Evidence that directly compared exercise with manual therapies was very limited and inconclusive. When exercise and manual therapies in combination were compared with manual therapies alone, there was a benefit of the addition of exercise for physical function, but no difference in pain or discontinuation. When exercise and manual therapies in combination were compared with exercise therapies alone, evidence showed no difference for pain, quality of life or discontinuation. Evidence for physical function was conflicting, with one outcome based on one small study showing a benefit of exercise and manual therapies in combination, but no difference in any other outcome measures. Overall, the evidence, suggested no benefit of the addition of manual therapy. No evidence was identified for psychological distress, sleep or use of healthcare services for exercise compared with manual therapies.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.1.3.1.6"><h5>Summary across comparisons</h5><p>The committee discussed the applicability of the evidence to the review population and the generalisability to all people with chronic primary pain as the vast majority of the evidence was based on women with fibromyalgia and people with chronic neck pain. The populations were pooled in the clinical review. Where heterogeneity was observed in the effect estimate, this was not explained by subgroup analysis by type of chronic primary pain and therefore the committee agreed that there was no reason recommendations made based on this evidence should not apply for all types of chronic primary pain conditions. The committee considered that despite the uncertainty around the effect estimates, the evidence base was large and benefits were shown across many of the critical and important outcomes, with very little evidence of negative effects except more people discontinuing from exercise interventions when compared to usual care. There was a clear indication that exercise is beneficial, but the most appropriate type of exercise may depend on the type of pain condition and it should be tailored to individual needs and preferences. This contributed to the committee decision not to make a recommendation about the type of exercise. The committee also noted that the majority of the evidence was based on supervised exercise interventions. In the absence of evidence on unsupervised exercise, the committee agreed to recommend only supervised exercise therapies.</p></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>Two relevant published economic evaluations were identified that compared exercise with usual care. Original economic modelling was also undertaken.</p><p>One study was a UK within-trial analysis, looking at a leisure-facility-and-gym-based exercise programme. The comparators included treatment as usual and telephone-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (TCBT). [NB. The TCBT comparison with usual care is reviewed in the psychological therapies review]. The exercise programme had an ICER of £76,960 per QALY gained compared to treatment as usual using complete case data (the primary analysis in the study) and would therefore not be considered cost effective. When using imputed outcome data, the study found that exercise versus treatment as usual had an ICER of £17,690 per QALY gained and therefore would be considered cost effective. The committee expressed concern over the disparity between the two ICERs, as it is difficult to tell which is a more accurate reflection of the true cost effectiveness of the programme, without knowing the nature of the missing data from the original study. A large amount of data was missing at the follow up 24 months after the intervention ended. This study was rated as directly applicable as it was a UK study from the NHS perspective using the EQ-5D, but with potentially serious methodological limitations such as the fact that the imputed outcomes led to a different conclusion to the complete case data, and the economic evaluation was based on a single RCT. Participation in the study was also based on self-reported symptoms. The committee noted that the cost-effectiveness analysis in the paper would be specific to the exercise programme as described in that particular trial (6 fitness instructor-led monthly sessions, plus a gym membership), which was not typical of the interventions in the other included studies in the review which were more class-based with higher frequency.</p><p>The second economic evaluation was a Spanish within-trial analysis, comparing 8 months of group pool-based exercises to usual care. This found exercise to be cost effective with an ICER of £3,630. Pool-based exercises are not considered to be current practice in the UK because they have higher costs. This study was rated as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations because although it uses the EQ-5D, it is not a UK study, it is more out of date than the UK study, and also the costs of the staff involved seem very low compared to UK costs, which is likely to increase the ICER in a UK setting. It is uncertain if this would increase the ICER to above £20,000 per QALY gained.</p><p>As both studies had limitations regarding their generalisability because of the types of interventions analysed, and significant uncertainties around cost effectiveness, this question was identified as being a high priority for an original economic analysis.</p><p>A cost-utility analysis using a lifetime horizon was undertaken comparing exercise with no exercise. The clinical review looked at each type of exercise separately (for example aerobics, mind body), however the committee agreed they could not infer if one type of exercise had more benefit than another. Therefore, this rationale was also applied to the economic modelling, meaning all the evidence on different types of exercise could be pooled together to make a general recommendation on exercise interventions as a whole. The interventions between studies also varied by intensity, which impacted resource use, however as the clinical review did not stratify by intensity, this supported the committee’s decision to pool all the studies for economic analysis.</p><p>Treatment effects were based on trials in the review that reported quality of life data, with the model pooling all available quality of life data that reported outcomes at the same time points, to derive an average treatment effect over time. Twelve studies were identified from the review that reported quality of life, either using EQ-5D or SF-36 that could be mapped to the EQ-5D. Differences in quality of life between the exercise and no exercise group in each study were calculated, taking into account the change from baseline in each arm, to derive the quality of life gain from exercise compared to no exercise for each study. A linear trend line was fitted to the pooled quality of life gain at each time point, and this was used to determine the QALY gain of the area under this line. The average treatment effect was also extrapolated beyond the available trial data, based on committee assumptions. Costs included only the costs of the staff time involved in providing an exercise programme. The total resource use from each study being used for treatment effect was identified and costed up, and a weighted average was taken based on the number of participants analysed in the intervention arm of each trial. All studies were looking at supervised exercise, and the majority were assumed to be group based (either because this was stated, or using their description of the intervention, or committee judgement) except one study known to be individual treatment.</p><p>Two base cases were modelled, one using a lifetime horizon and the other assuming no extrapolation beyond the trial data. Both base cases showed that exercise was cost effective compared with no exercise, with probabilistic ICERs of £9,121 (86% probability of exercise being cost effective at a threshold of £20,000 per QALY gained), and £12,683 (93% probability) respectively, and deterministic ICERS of £12,327 and £12,739 respectively. Various sensitivity analyses were undertaken, including varying costs, and including data omitted from the base case. The overall conclusion was robust to all sensitivity analyses tested.</p><p>The committee discussed the limitations of the analysis, which included how this was only based on a small proportion of studies from the clinical review as a whole (around 12%). However, they agreed that the studies used in the economic analysis were generally representative of the populations in the review as a whole and the populations that would be seen in practice with chronic primary pain (in other words, a mix of people with fibromyalgia and other chronic pain conditions). There was also a wide heterogeneity in the data being used in the model, as studies had very different populations, interventions, and intensities, and these were pooled together in the model. There is also uncertainty around the relationship between resource use and treatment benefit, and this needs to be considered then interpreting the results. It was not considered appropriate to explore this relationship more formally in the model (such as by modelling each study separately), as the clinical review did not establish which characteristics of exercise interventions improve outcomes.</p><p>The committee agreed that they had reservations about the two economic evaluations found in the literature, and that the economic analysis undertaken as part of the guideline pooled more data and was therefore considered more robust. The quality of life data from the identified UK economic evaluation was also included in the original economic analysis. The differences in results between the guideline original analysis and the UK economic evaluation are probably attributable to the fact that treatment effects were larger in the other trials included in the model, and additionally the UK economic evaluation found much higher health service costs in the exercise group at 18–24 months after intervention (i.e. they were using more health services). However it is difficult to know if the longer term health service costs were anything to do with the intervention after such long follow up.</p><p>Given that the clinical evidence showed there was some benefit from exercise, and taking that into account alongside the highly likely cost effectiveness of exercise, the committee decided to make a strong recommendation to offer exercise.</p></div><div id="niceng193er5.s1.7.3"><h4>1.7.3. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>The committee discussed that this review covered the use of exercise interventions to manage chronic primary pain. The committee’s experience was that many people with chronic primary pain find it difficult to be physically active. The UK Chief Medical Officers’ ‘Physical Activity Guidelines’ (2019) highlights that sedentary behaviour is an independent risk factor for poor health outcomes, including cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and obesity-related morbidity. NICE has published a range of guidance on <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/lifestyle-and-wellbeing/physical-activity/products?ProductType=Guidance&Status=Published" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">physical activity</a>. NICE also published guidance to ensure that interventions, including staff training, to improve population health and wellbeing meet individual needs: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph49" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Behaviour change: individual approaches</a>.</p><p>The committee therefore wished to highlight that there are important public health benefits to engaging in any physical activity for people with chronic primary pain, particularly if they are inactive or sedentary. The committee agreed that, for the chronic primary pain population, it was important to recommend continuing physical activity beyond the end of a formal exercise programme in a manner that is sustainable for the person. The committee discussed that if costs are incurred by engaging in physical activity after a formal exercise programme for management of chronic primary pain ends, this would be a personal cost, and would not fall to the NHS. 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C. Effects of aerobic exercise program and relaxation techniques on anxiety, quality of sleep, depression, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Medicina Clínica. 2011; 137(9):398–401 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21345470" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21345470</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref20">Asenlof
|
|
P, Denison
|
|
E, Lindberg
|
|
P. Individually tailored treatment targeting activity, motor behavior, and cognition reduces pain-related disability: a randomized controlled trial in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Journal of Pain. 2005; 6(9):588–603 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16139778" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16139778</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref21">Asenlof
|
|
P, Denison
|
|
E, Lindberg
|
|
P. Long-term follow-up of tailored behavioural treatment and exercise based physical therapy in persistent musculoskeletal pain: A randomized controlled trial in primary care. European Journal of Pain. 2009; 13(10):1080–1088 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19268614" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19268614</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>22.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref22">Assis
|
|
MR, Silva
|
|
LE, Alves
|
|
AM, Pessanha
|
|
AP, Valim
|
|
V, Feldman
|
|
D
|
|
et al. A randomized controlled trial of deep water running: clinical effectiveness of aquatic exercise to treat fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2006; 55(1):57–65 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16463414" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16463414</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref23">Assumpcao
|
|
A, Matsutani
|
|
LA, Yuan
|
|
SL, Santo
|
|
AS, Sauer
|
|
J, Mango
|
|
P
|
|
et al. Muscle stretching exercises and resistance training in fibromyalgia: which is better? A three-arm randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2018; 54(5):663–670 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29185675" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29185675</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref24">Assuncao Junior
|
|
JC, de Almeida Silva
|
|
HJ, da Silva
|
|
JFC, da Silva Cruz
|
|
R, de Almeida Lins
|
|
CA, de Souza
|
|
MC. Zumba dancing can improve the pain and functional capacity in women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2018; 22(2):455–459 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29861249" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29861249</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref25">Astin
|
|
JA, Berman
|
|
BM, Bausell
|
|
B, Lee
|
|
WL, Hochberg
|
|
M, Forys
|
|
KL. The efficacy of mindfulness meditation plus Qigong movement therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Rheumatology. 2003; 30(10):2257–2262 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14528526" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14528526</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref26">Bai
|
|
Z, Guan
|
|
Z, Fan
|
|
Y, Liu
|
|
C, Yang
|
|
K, Ma
|
|
B
|
|
et al. The effects of qigong for adults with chronic pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2015; 43(8):1525–1539 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26621441" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26621441</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref27">Baptista
|
|
AS, Villela
|
|
AL, Jones
|
|
A, Natour
|
|
J. Effectiveness of dance in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized, single-blind, controlled study. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 2012; 30(6 Suppl 74):18–23 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23020850" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23020850</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref28">Beasley
|
|
M, Prescott
|
|
GJ, Scotland
|
|
G, McBeth
|
|
J, Lovell
|
|
K, Keeley
|
|
P
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et al. Patient-reported improvements in health are maintained 2 years after completing a short course of cognitive behaviour therapy, exercise or both treatments for chronic widespread pain: long-term results from the MUSICIAN randomised controlled trial. RMD Open. 2015; 1:e000026 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4613171/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4613171</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26509056" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26509056</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref29">Beltran-Alacreu
|
|
H, Lopez-de-Uralde-Villanueva
|
|
I, Fernandez-Carnero
|
|
J, La Touche
|
|
R. Manual therapy, therapeutic patient education, and therapeutic exercise, an effective multimodal treatment of nonspecific chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2015; 94(10 Suppl 1):887–897 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25888653" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25888653</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref30">Bergström
|
|
C, Jensen
|
|
I, Hagberg
|
|
J, Busch
|
|
H, Bergström
|
|
G. Effectiveness of different interventions using a psychosocial subgroup assignment in chronic neck and back pain patients: a 10-year follow-up. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2012; 34(2):110–118 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21988525" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21988525</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref31">Bertozzi
|
|
L, Gardenghi
|
|
I, Turoni
|
|
F, Villafane
|
|
JH, Capra
|
|
F, Guccione
|
|
AA
|
|
et al. Effect of therapeutic exercise on pain and disability in the management of chronic nonspecific neck pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Physical Therapy. 2013; 93(8):1026–1036 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23559524" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23559524</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>32.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref32">Bidonde
|
|
J, Busch
|
|
A, Schachter
|
|
C, Webber
|
|
S, Musselman
|
|
K, Overend
|
|
T
|
|
et al. Mixed exercise training for adults with fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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|
2019, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD013340. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013340. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6931522/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6931522</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31124142" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31124142</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013340" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref33">Bidonde
|
|
J, Busch
|
|
AJ, Schachter
|
|
CL, Overend
|
|
TJ, Kim
|
|
SY, Góes
|
|
SM
|
|
et al. Aerobic exercise training for adults with fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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|
2017, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD012700. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012700. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6481524/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6481524</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28636204" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28636204</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012700" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>34.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref34">Bircan
|
|
C, Karasel
|
|
SA, Akgun
|
|
B, El
|
|
O, Alper
|
|
S. Effects of muscle strengthening versus aerobic exercise program in fibromyalgia. Rheumatology International. 2008; 28(6):527–532 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17982749" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17982749</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>35.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref35">Bjersing
|
|
JL, Larsson
|
|
A, Palstam
|
|
A, Ernberg
|
|
M, Bileviciute-Ljungar
|
|
I, Lofgren
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Benefits of resistance exercise in lean women with fibromyalgia: involvement of IGF-1 and leptin. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2017; 18:106 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5348801/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5348801</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28288611" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28288611</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref36">Bland
|
|
P. Tai chi of benefit in fibromyalgia. Practitioner. 2010; 254(1735):8–10</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref37">Bobos
|
|
P, Billis
|
|
E, Papanikolaou
|
|
DT, Koutsojannis
|
|
C, Macdermid
|
|
JC. Does deep cervical flexor muscle training affect pain pressure thresholds of myofascial trigger points in patients with chronic neck pain? A prospective randomized controlled trial. Rehabilitation Research and Practice. 2016; 2016:6480826 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5136630/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5136630</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27990302" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27990302</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref38">Bojner-Horwitz
|
|
E, Theorell
|
|
T, Anderberg
|
|
UM. Dance/movement therapy and changes in stress-related hormones: A study of fibromyalgia patients with video-interpretation. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2003; 30(5):255–264</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref39">Borisut
|
|
S, Vongsirinavarat
|
|
M, Vachalathiti
|
|
R, Sakulsriprasert
|
|
P. Effects of strength and endurance training of superficial and deep neck muscles on muscle activities and pain levels of females with chronic neck pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2013; 25(9):1157–1162 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3818764/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3818764</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24259936" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24259936</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref40">Bowering
|
|
KJ, O’Connell
|
|
NE, Tabor
|
|
A, Catley
|
|
MJ, Leake
|
|
HB, Moseley
|
|
GL
|
|
et al. The effects of graded motor imagery and its components on chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pain. 2013; 14(1):3–13 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23158879" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23158879</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>41.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref41">Brage
|
|
K, Ris
|
|
I, Falla
|
|
D, Sogaard
|
|
K, Juul-Kristensen
|
|
B. Pain education combined with neck- and aerobic training is more effective at relieving chronic neck pain than pain education alone--A preliminary randomized controlled trial. Manual Therapy. 2015; 20(5):686–693 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26169796" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26169796</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>42.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref42">Bravo
|
|
C, Skjaerven
|
|
LH, Espart
|
|
A, Guitard Sein-Echaluce
|
|
L, Catalan-Matamoros
|
|
D. Basic Body Awareness Therapy in patients suffering from fibromyalgia: a randomized clinical trial. Physiotherapy theory and practice. 2019; 35(10):919–929 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29723080" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29723080</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref43">Bronfort
|
|
G, Evans
|
|
R, Nelson
|
|
B, Aker
|
|
PD, Goldsmith
|
|
CH, Vernon
|
|
H. A randomized clinical trial of exercise and spinal manipulation for patients with chronic neck pain. Spine. 2001; 26(7):788–799 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11295901" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11295901</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref44">Buckelew
|
|
SP, Conway
|
|
R, Parker
|
|
J, Deuser
|
|
WE, Read
|
|
J, Witty
|
|
TE
|
|
et al. Biofeedback/relaxation training and exercise interventions for fibromyalgia: a prospective trial. Arthritis Care and Research. 1998; 11(3):196–209 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9782811" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9782811</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>45.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref45">Burckhardt
|
|
CS, Mannerkorpi
|
|
K, Bjelle
|
|
A. A randomized, controlled rial of education and physical therapy for women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology - Supplement. 1992; 94:48</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>46.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref46">Burckhardt
|
|
CS, Mannerkorpi
|
|
K, Hedenberg
|
|
L, Bjelle
|
|
A. A randomized, controlled clinical trial of education and physical training for women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology. 1994; 21(4):714–720 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8035399" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8035399</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>47.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref47">Busch
|
|
AJ, Barber
|
|
KAR, Overend
|
|
TJ, Peloso
|
|
PMJ, Schachter
|
|
CL. Exercise for treating fibromyalgia syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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|
2007, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD003786. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003786.pub2. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17943797" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17943797</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003786.pub2" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>48.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref48">Busch
|
|
AJ, Schachter
|
|
CL, Overend
|
|
TJ, Peloso
|
|
PM, Barber
|
|
KA. Exercise for fibromyalgia: a systematic review. Journal of Rheumatology. 2008; 35(6):1130–1144 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18464301" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18464301</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>49.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref49">Busch
|
|
AJ, Webber
|
|
SC, Richards
|
|
RS, Bidonde
|
|
J, Schachter
|
|
CL, Schafer
|
|
LA
|
|
et al. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
|
2013, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD010884. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010884. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6544808/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6544808</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24362925" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24362925</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010884" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>50.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref50">Calandre
|
|
EP, Rodriguez-Claro
|
|
ML, Rico-Villademoros
|
|
F, Vilchez
|
|
JS, Hidalgo
|
|
J, Delgado-Rodriguez
|
|
A. Effects of pool-based exercise in fibromyalgia symptomatology and sleep quality: a prospective randomised comparison between stretching and Ai Chi. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 2009; 27(5 Suppl 56):S21–28 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20074435" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20074435</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>51.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref51">Cantarero-Villanueva
|
|
I, Fernandez-Lao
|
|
C, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas
|
|
C, Lopez-Barajas
|
|
IB, Del-Moral-Avila
|
|
R, de la-Llave-Rincon
|
|
AI
|
|
et al. Effectiveness of water physical therapy on pain, pressure pain sensitivity, and myofascial trigger points in breast cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Pain Medicine. 2012; 13(11):1509–1519 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22958507" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22958507</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>52.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref52">Carbonell-Baeza
|
|
A, Ruiz
|
|
JR, Aparicio
|
|
VA, Ortega
|
|
FB, Munguia-Izquierdo
|
|
D, Alvarez-Gallardo
|
|
IC
|
|
et al. Land- and water-based exercise intervention in women with fibromyalgia: the al-Andalus physical activity randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2012; 13:18 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3350451/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3350451</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22336292" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22336292</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>53.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref53">Carson
|
|
JW, Carson
|
|
KM, Jones
|
|
KD, Bennett
|
|
RM, Wright
|
|
CL, Mist
|
|
SD. A pilot randomized controlled trial of the Yoga of Awareness program in the management of fibromyalgia. Pain. 2010; 151(2):530–539 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5568071/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5568071</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20946990" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20946990</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>54.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref54">Carson
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|
JW, Carson
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KM, Jones
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KD, Mist
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SD, Bennett
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RM. Follow-up of yoga of awareness for fibromyalgia: results at 3 months and replication in the wait-list group. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2012; 28(9):804–813 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5568073/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5568073</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22751025" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22751025</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>55.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref55">Carvalho
|
|
MS, Carvalho
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LC, Menezes
|
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FDS, Frazin
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A, Gomes
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EDC, Iunes
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DH. Effects of Exergames in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Study. Games for Health Journal. 2020; 05:05 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32379982" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32379982</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>56.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref56">Cerrillo-Urbina
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|
AJ, Garcia-Hermoso
|
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A, Sanchez-Lopez
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M, Martinez-Vizcaino
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V. Effect of exercise programs on symptoms of fibromyalgia in peri-menopausal age women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Myopain. 2015; 23(1–2):56–70</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>57.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref57">Champagne
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|
R, Ronzil
|
|
Y, Roche-Leboucher
|
|
G, Begue
|
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C, Dubus
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V, Bontoux
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L
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et al. Effectiveness of an outpatient rehabilitation program with multidisciplinary approach on return to work for patients with non-specific chronic lombal pain. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2018; 61S:e16</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>58.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref58">Chan
|
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CL, Wang
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CW, Ho
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RT, Ng
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SM, Ziea
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ET, Wong
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VT. Qigong exercise for the treatment of fibromyalgia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2012; 18(7):641–646 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22757663" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22757663</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>59.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref59">Chiu
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TT, Lam
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TH, Hedley
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AJ. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of exercise for patients with chronic neck pain. Spine. 2005; 30(1):E1–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15626966" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15626966</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>60.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref60">Cho
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|
Y, Do
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J, Jung
|
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S, Kwon
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O, Jeon
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JY. Effects of a physical therapy program combined with manual lymphatic drainage on shoulder function, quality of life, lymphedema incidence, and pain in breast cancer patients with axillary web syndrome following axillary dissection. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2016; 24(5):2047–2057 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26542271" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26542271</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>61.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref61">Chung
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S, Jeong
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YG. Effects of the craniocervical flexion and isometric neck exercise compared in patients with chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy Theory & Practice. 2018; 34(12):916–925 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29364754" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29364754</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>62.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref62">Collado-Mateo
|
|
D, Dominguez-Munoz
|
|
FJ, Adsuar
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JC, Garcia-Gordillo
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MA, Gusi
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N. Effects of exergames on quality of life, pain, and disease effect in women with fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2017; 98(9):1725–1731 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28322760" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28322760</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>63.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref63">Cramer
|
|
H, Klose
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P, Brinkhaus
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B, Michalsen
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A, Dobos
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G. Effects of yoga on chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2017; 31(11):1457–1465 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050510" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29050510</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>64.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref64">Cramer
|
|
H, Lauche
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R, Hohmann
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C, Langhorst
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J, Dobos
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G. Yoga for chronic neck pain: a 12-month follow-up. Pain Medicine. 2013; 14(4):541–548 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23387504" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23387504</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>65.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref65">Cramer
|
|
H, Lauche
|
|
R, Hohmann
|
|
C, Ludtke
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R, Haller
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H, Michalsen
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A
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|
|
H, Lauche
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R, Klose
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P, Lange
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S, Langhorst
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J, Dobos
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GJ. Yoga for improving health-related quality of life, mental health and cancer-related symptoms in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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|
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D, Abrahamowicz
|
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M, Lowensteyn
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I, Bernatsky
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S, Dritsa
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M, Fitzcharles
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MA
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et al. A randomized clinical trial of an individualized home-based exercise programme for women with fibromyalgia. Rheumatology. 2005; 44(11):1422–1427 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16030079" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16030079</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>68.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref68">de Araujo Cazotti
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L, Jones
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A, Roger-Silva
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D, Ribeiro
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LHC, Natour
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J. Effectiveness of the pilates method in the treatment of chronic mechanical neck pain: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2018; 99(9):1740–1746 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29752907" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29752907</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>69.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref69">de Medeiros
|
|
SA, de Almeida Silva
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HJ, do Nascimento
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RM, da Silva Maia
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JB, de Almeida Lins
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CA, de Souza
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MC. Mat Pilates is as effective as aquatic aerobic exercise in treating women with fibromyalgia: a clinical, randomized and blind trial. Advances in Rheumatology. 2020; 60(1):21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32252822" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32252822</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>70.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref70">Demir-Gocmen
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D, Altan
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L, Korkmaz
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N, Arabaci
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R. Effect of supervised exercise program including balance exercises on the balance status and clinical signs in patients with fibromyalgia. Rheumatology International. 2013; 33(3):743–750 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22580931" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22580931</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>71.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref71">Dobkin
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PL, Abrahamowicz
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M, Fitzcharles
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MA, Dritsa
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M, da Costa
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D. Maintenance of exercise in women with fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005; 53(5):724–731 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16208640" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16208640</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>72.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref72">Dunleavy
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K, Kava
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K, Goldberg
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A, Malek
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MH, Talley
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SA, Tutag-Lehr
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M, Simsek
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S, Altug
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F, Cavlak
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U. Effect of proprioceptive training on balance in patients with chronic neck pain. Agri Dergisi. 2018; 30(3):130–137 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30028479" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30028479</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>74.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref74">Duruturk
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N, Tuzun
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EH, Culhaoglu
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B. Is balance exercise training as effective as aerobic exercise training in fibromyalgia syndrome?
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Y, Ozturk
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C, Atamaz
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F, Hepguler
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S, Durmaz
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B. The comparison of cervicothoracic stabilization exercises with isometric and streching exercises in patients with chronic neck pain. Journal of rheumatology and medical rehabilitation. 2006; 17(3):185–192</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>76.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref76">Effectiveness of cervical stabilisation exercises on respiratory strength in chronic neck pain patients with forward head posture-A pilot study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2019; 13(4):YC06–YC09</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>77.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref77">Ekici
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G, Yakut
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E, Akbayrak
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T. [Effects of Pilates exercises and connective tissue manipulation on pain and depression in females with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial]. Fizyoterapi rehabilitasyon. 2008; 19(2):47–54</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>78.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref78">El-Gendy
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MH, Lasheen
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YR, Rezkalla
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WKS. Multimodal approach of electrotherapy versus myofascial release in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain: A randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy Quarterly. 2019; 27(4):6–12</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>79.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref79">Emilson
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C, Demmelmaier
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I, Bergman
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S, Lindberg
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P, Denison
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E, Asenlof
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P. A 10-year follow-up of tailored behavioural treatment and exercise-based physiotherapy for persistent musculoskeletal pain. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2017; 31(2):186–196 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27009057" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27009057</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>80.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref80">Ericsson
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A, Bremell
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T, Cider
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A, Mannerkorpi
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K. Effects of exercise on fatigue and physical capacity in men with chronic widespread pain - a pilot study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2016; 8:29 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5011845/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5011845</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27602228" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27602228</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>81.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref81">Ericsson
|
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A, Palstam
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A, Larsson
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A, Lofgren
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M, Bileviciute-Ljungar
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I, Bjersing
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J
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et al. Resistance exercise improves physical fatigue in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2016; 18:176 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4967304/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4967304</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27473164" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27473164</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>82.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref82">Ernberg
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|
M, Christidis
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N, Ghafouri
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|
B, Bileviciute-Ljungar
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I, Lofgren
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M, Larsson
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A
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GV, Ingles
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M, Ruescas-Nicolau
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MA, Moreno-Segura
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N. Effect of low-impact aerobic exercise combined with music therapy on patients with fibromyalgia. A pilot study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2016; 28(October
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2016):1–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27670863" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27670863</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>84.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref84">Etnier
|
|
JL, Karper
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WB, Gapin
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JI, Barella
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LA, Chang
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YK, Murphy
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KJ. Exercise, fibromyalgia, and fibrofog: a pilot study. Journal of Physical Activity & Health. 2009; 6(2):239–246 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19420402" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19420402</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>85.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref85">Evans
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R, Bronfort
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G, Nelson
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B, Goldsmith
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CH. Two-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial of spinal manipulation and two types of exercise for patients with chronic neck pain. Spine. 2002; 27(21):2383–2389 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12438988" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12438988</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>86.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref86">Evans
|
|
R, Bronfort
|
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G, Schulz
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|
C, Maiers
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|
M, Bracha
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Y, Svendsen
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K
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D, Yigit
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I, Pusak
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H, Kavuncu
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V. Effectiveness of aquatic therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized controlled open study. Rheumatology International. 2008; 28(9):885–890 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18278501" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18278501</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>88.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref88">Falla
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|
D, Jull
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G, Hodges
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P, Vicenzino
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B. An endurance-strength training regime is effective in reducing myoelectric manifestations of cervical flexor muscle fatigue in females with chronic neck pain. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2006; 117(4):828–837 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16490395" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16490395</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>89.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref89">Falla
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|
D, Jull
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G, Russell
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T, Vicenzino
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B, Hodges
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P. Effect of neck exercise on sitting posture in patients with chronic neck pain. Physical Therapy. 2007; 87(4):408–417 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17341512" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17341512</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>90.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref90">Falla
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|
D, Lindstrom
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R, Rechter
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L, Boudreau
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S, Petzke
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F. Effectiveness of an 8-week exercise programme on pain and specificity of neck muscle activity in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled study. European Journal of Pain. 2013; 17(10):1517–1528 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23649799" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23649799</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>91.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref91">Fernandes
|
|
G, Jennings
|
|
F, Nery Cabral
|
|
MV, Pirozzi Buosi
|
|
AL, Natour
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J. Swimming improves pain and functional capacity of patients with fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2016; 97(8):1269–1275 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26903145" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26903145</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>92.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref92">Field
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T, Delage
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J, Hernandez-Reif
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M. Movement and massage therapy reduce fibromyalgia pain. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2003; 7(1):49–52</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>93.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref93">Fontaine
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KR, Conn
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L, Clauw
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DJ. Effects of lifestyle physical activity in adults with fibromyalgia: results at follow-up. JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology. 2011; 17(2):64–68 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3206258/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3206258</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21325963" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21325963</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>94.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref94">Fontaine
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KR, Conn
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L, Clauw
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DJ. Effects of lifestyle physical activity on perceived symptoms and physical function in adults with fibromyalgia: results of a randomized trial. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2010; 12(2):R55 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2888205/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2888205</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20353551" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20353551</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>95.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref95">Fontaine
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KR, Haaz
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S. Effects of lifestyle physical activity on health status, pain, and function in adults with fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain. 2007; 15(1):3–9</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>96.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref96">Galindez-Ibarbengoetxea
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X, Setuain
|
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I, Ramirez-Velez
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R, Andersen
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LL, Gonzalez-Izal
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M, Jauregi
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T, Pecos-Martin
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D, Lluch Girbes
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E, Plaza-Manzano
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G, Rodriguez Caldentey
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R, Mayor Melus
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A, Saavedra
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JM, Escalante
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Y. Effects of exercise on functional aerobic capacity in adults with fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 2015; 28(4):609–619 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25408119" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25408119</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>99.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref99">Garcia-Martinez
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AM, De Paz
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JA, Marquez
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S. Effects of an exercise programme on self-esteem, self-concept and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology International. 2012; 32(7):1869–1876 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21442171" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21442171</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>100.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref100">Gavi
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MB, Vassalo
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DV, Amaral
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FT, Macedo
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DC, Gava
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PL, Dantas
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A, Winocur
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E, Astandzelov-Nachmias
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T, Gazit
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E. Effect of controlled masticatory exercise on pain and muscle performance in myofascial pain patients: A pilot study. Cranio. 2006; 24(3):184–190 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16933459" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16933459</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>102.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref102">Geneen
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LJ, Moore
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RA, Clarke
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C, Martin
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D, Colvin
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LA, Smith
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F, Jafarabadi
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MA, Javanshir
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K. The clinical and EMG assessment of the effects of stabilization exercise on nonspecific chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 2017; 30(2):211–219 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27472855" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27472855</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>104.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref104">Ghodrati
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M, Mosallanezhad
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Z, Shati
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M, Noroozi
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M, Moghadam
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AN, Rostami
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E, Koutsikos
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K, Pigatto
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M, Rampudda
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ME, Doria
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A, Masiero
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S. Medium-/long-term effects of a specific exercise protocol combined with patient education on spine mobility, chronic fatigue, pain, aerobic fitness and level of disability in fibromyalgia. BioMed Research International. 2014; 2014:474029 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3925511/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3925511</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24616894" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24616894</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>106.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref106">Giubilei
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G, Mondaini
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N, Minervini
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A, Saieva
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C, Lapini
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A, Serni
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A, Stone
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TM, Kingsley
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JD. Resistance exercise training on disease impact, pain catastrophizing and autonomic modulation in women with fibromyalgia. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2017; 10(8):1184–1195 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5786203/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5786203</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29399247" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29399247</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>108.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref108">Gomez-Hernandez
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M, Gallego-Izquierdo
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T, Martinez-Merinero
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P, Pecos-Martin
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D, Ferragut-Garcias
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A, Hita-Contreras
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SE, deHueck
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SE, DeHueck
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A, Abbey
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SE. Measuring exercise-induced mood changes in fibromyalgia: a comparison of several measures. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2002; 47(6):603–609 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12522833" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12522833</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>111.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref111">Gowans
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SE, deHueck
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A, Voss
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S, Richardson
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M. A randomized, controlled trial of exercise and education for individuals with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care and Research. 1999; 12(2):120–128 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10513500" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10513500</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>112.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref112">Gowans
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SE, Dehueck
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A, Voss
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S, Silaj
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SE. Six-month and one-year followup of 23 weeks of aerobic exercise for individuals with fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2004; 51(6):890–898 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15593364" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15593364</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>113.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref113">Gowans
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SE, deHueck
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A, Voss
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S, Silaj
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A, Abbey
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SE, Reynolds
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WJ. Effect of a randomized, controlled trial of exercise on mood and physical function in individuals with fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001; 45(6):519–529 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11762686" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11762686</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>114.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref114">Gross
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A, Langevin
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P, Burnie
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SJ, Bédard-Brochu
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M-S, Empey
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B, Dugas
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H, Araya-Quintanilla
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F, Gutierrez-Monclus
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R, Rios-Riquelme
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A, Kautiainen
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K, Pakarinen
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A, Hannonen
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P, Hakkinen
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A, Airaksinen
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MK, Weyer
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A, Hartley
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B, Harkins
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AL, Hunter
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SK. Pain perception after isometric exercise in women with fibromyalgia. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2011; 92(1):89–95 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21187210" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21187210</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>124.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref124">Holmer
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ML, Gevirtz
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R, Spira
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JL, Greenberg
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MA. The effects of yoga on symptoms and psychosocial adjustment in fibromyalgia syndrome patients. Conference abstracts from papers presented at the 35th annual meeting. 2004; 29:302</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>125.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref125">Hooten
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R, Mikkelsson
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R, Ingles
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M, Cortes-Amador
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S, Gimeno-Mallench
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L, Chirivella-Garrido
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IB, Bergstrom
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G, Ljungquist
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T, Bodin
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L, Nygren
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ES, Kvalvik
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AG, Mengshoel
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AM. Effects of pool-based and land-based aerobic exercise on women with fibromyalgia/chronic widespread muscle pain. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001; 45(1):42–47 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11308060" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11308060</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>135.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref135">Jones
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KD. Nordic walking in fibromyalgia: a means of promoting fitness that is easy for busy clinicians to recommend. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2011; 13(1):103 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3157638/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3157638</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21345243" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21345243</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>136.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref136">Jones
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KD, Sherman
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CA, Mist
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SD, Carson
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JW, Bennett
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RM, Li
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F. A randomized controlled trial of 8-form Tai chi improves symptoms and functional mobility in fibromyalgia patients. Clinical Rheumatology. 2012; 31(8):1205–1214 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5571653/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5571653</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22581278" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22581278</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>137.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref137">Jordan
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A, Bendix
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T, Nielsen
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H, Hansen
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FR, Host
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PW. The effect of therapeutic exercise on activation of the deep cervical flexor muscles in people with chronic neck pain. Manual Therapy. 2009; 14(6):696–701 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19632880" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19632880</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>139.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref139">Kalamir
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A, Bonello
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R, Graham
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P, Vitiello
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AL, Pollard
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H. Intraoral myofascial therapy for chronic myogenous temporomandibular disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2012; 35(1):26–37 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22079052" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22079052</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>140.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref140">Kaleth
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AS, Saha
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CK, Jensen
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MP, Slaven
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DC. Effect of moderate to vigorous physical activity on long-term clinical outcomes and pain severity in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care and Research. 2013; 65(8):1211–1218 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3672379/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3672379</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23401486" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23401486</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>141.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref141">Kay
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CM, Trevisani
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VF. Effectiveness of physical activity in reducing pain in patients with fibromyalgia: a blinded randomized clinical trial. Rheumatology International. 2012; 32(8):2285–2292 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21594719" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21594719</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>143.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref143">Keel
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PJ, Bodoky
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GA, Kelley
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JM, Jones
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DL. Exercise and global well-being in community-dwelling adults with fibromyalgia: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10:198 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2874776/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2874776</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20406476" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20406476</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>145.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref145">Khan
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AA, Srivastava
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A, Passi
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D, Devi
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M, Chandra
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L, Atri
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M. Management of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome with meditation and yoga: healing through natural therapy. National journal of maxillofacial surgery. 2018; 9(2):155–159 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6251288/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6251288</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30546229" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30546229</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>146.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref146">Khan
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RR, Ali
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SS. The effectiveness of isometric exercises as compared to general exercises in the management of chronic non-specific neck pain. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2014; 27(5 Suppl):1719–1722 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25262525" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25262525</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>147.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref147">Kibar
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S, Yildiz
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HE, Ay
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S, Evcik
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D, Ergin
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ES. New approach in fibromyalgia exercise program: A preliminary study regarding the effectiveness of balance training. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2015; 96(9):1576–1582 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26002204" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26002204</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>148.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref148">Kim
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JY, Kwag
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KI. Clinical effects of deep cervical flexor muscle activation in patients with chronic neck pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2016; 28(1):269–273 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4756018/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4756018</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26957772" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26957772</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>149.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref149">Kim
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M, Lee
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M, Kim
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Y, Oh
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S, Lee
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D, Yoon
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S, Busch
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T, Schachter
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SJ, Wessel
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D, Maksymowych
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W. The effects of exercise and education, individually or combined, in women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology. 2002; 29(12):2620–2627 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12465163" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12465163</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>153.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref153">Kingsley
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JD, Panton
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LB, Toole
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P, Mathis
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E, Beaulieu-Boire
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L, Courtemanche-Harel
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B, Carlsson
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PA, Santos
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MA, Heredia-Jimenez
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JM, Delgado-Fernandez
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VM, Manas
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PA, Santos
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R, Stumpe
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C, Fehr
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R, Wayne
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PM, Fehr
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J, Stumpe
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RY, Harvey
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DG. Stretch exercises increase tolerance to stretch in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a randomized controlled trial. Physical Therapy. 2009; 89(10):1016–1026 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19696119" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19696119</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>163.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref163">Lee
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A, Rabiei
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P, Alamooti
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G, Bertozzi
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L, Farivar
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TB, Dias
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BF, da Silva
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W, Zahner
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L, Cornell
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M, Le
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I, Beltran-Alacreu
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H, Fernandez-Carnero
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J, La Touche
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S, Bassets Pages
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MM, Fernández-Martínez
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LB, Figueroa
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LW, Jensen
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JR, Justo
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D, Pach
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JA. Effectiveness of Cervical Spine High Velocity Low Amplitude Thrust Added to Behavioral Education, Soft Tissue Mobilization, and Exercise in Individuals With Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) With Myalgia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2020:1–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31905097" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31905097</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>224.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref224">Richards
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I, Sogaard
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B, Agerbo
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A, Pegito Perez
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I, Fernandez Cervantes
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N, Christiansen
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P, Ylonen-Kayra
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PK, Hakkinen
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B, Carrasco
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L, de Hoyo
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B, Carrasco
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B, Galiano
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D, Carrasco
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L, Blagojevic
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B, Galiano
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D, Carrasco
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L, de Hoyo
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CVM, Moon
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S, Pfeifer
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T, Smirnova
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IV, Colgrove
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J, Lynch
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R, Gupta
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M, Shankar
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N, Jain
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CL, Busch
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V, Carbonell-Baeza
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VA, Samos
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S, Ak
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HJA, Assuncao Junior
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JC, de Oliveira
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FS, Oliveira
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E, Bill
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P, Viklund
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E, Pico-Espinosa
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H, Takala
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EP. Neck muscle training in the treatment of chronic neck pain: a three-year follow-up study. Europa Medicophysica. 2007; 43(2):161–169 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17525699" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17525699</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>282.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref282">Ylinen
|
|
J, Takala
|
|
EP, Kautiainen
|
|
H, Nykanen
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M, Hakkinen
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A, Pohjolainen
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T
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et al. Effect of long-term neck muscle training on pressure pain threshold: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Pain. 2005; 9(6):673–681 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16246820" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16246820</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>283.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref283">Ylinen
|
|
J, Takala
|
|
EP, Nykänen
|
|
M, Häkkinen
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A, Kautiainen
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H, Mälkiä
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E
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et al. Exercise of neck and shoulder muscles as a relief for the chronic neck pain. Duodecim. 2004; 120(16):1958–1967 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15551766" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15551766</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>284.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref284">Ylinen
|
|
J, Takala
|
|
EP, Nykanen
|
|
M, Hakkinen
|
|
A, Malkia
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E, Pohjolainen
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T
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et al. Active neck muscle training in the treatment of chronic neck pain in women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003; 289(19):2509–2516 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12759322" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12759322</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>285.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref285">Ylinen
|
|
JJ, Hakkinen
|
|
AH, Takala
|
|
EP, Nykanen
|
|
MJ, Kautiainen
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HJ, Malkia
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EA
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et al. Effects of neck muscle training in women with chronic neck pain: one-year follow-up study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2006; 20(1):6–13 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16503693" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16503693</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>286.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref286">Ylinen
|
|
JJ, Takala
|
|
EP, Nykanen
|
|
MJ, Kautiainen
|
|
HJ, Hakkinen
|
|
AH, Airaksinen
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OV. Effects of twelve-month strength training subsequent to twelve-month stretching exercise in treatment of chronic neck pain. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2006; 20(2):304–308 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16686557" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16686557</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>287.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref287">Zamuner
|
|
AR, Andrade
|
|
CP, Forti
|
|
M, Marchi
|
|
A, Milan
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J, Avila
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|
MA
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et al. Effects of a hydrotherapy programme on symbolic and complexity dynamics of heart rate variability and aerobic capacity in fibromyalgia patients. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 2015; 33(1 Suppl 88):S73–S81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25786047" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25786047</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>288.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref288">Zijlstra
|
|
TR, van de Laar
|
|
MA, Bernelot Moens
|
|
HJ, Taal
|
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E, Zakraoui
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L, Rasker
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JJ. Spa treatment for primary fibromyalgia syndrome: a combination of thalassotherapy, exercise and patient education improves symptoms and quality of life. Rheumatology. 2005; 44(4):539–546 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15695301" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15695301</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>289.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng193er5.ref289">Zonneveld
|
|
LN, Rood
|
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YR, Timman
|
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R, Kooiman
|
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CG, Van’t Spijker
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A, Busschbach
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JJ. Effective group training for patients with unexplained physical symptoms: a randomized controlled trial with a non-randomized one-year follow-up. PloS One. 2012; 7(8):e42629 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3413637/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3413637</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22880056" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22880056</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng193er5.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="niceng193er5.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Review protocol for exercise</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 208K)</span></p><p id="niceng193er5.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 69. Health economic review protocol</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref201" rid="niceng193er5.ref201"><sup>201</sup></a></p><p>For more information, please see the <a href="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5_bm3.pdf">Methods</a> Report published as part of the accompanying documents for this guideline.</p><div id="niceng193er5.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the search where appropriate.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng193er5appbtab1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng193er5appbtab1" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appbtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng193er5.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appbtab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Exclusions Randomised controlled trials</p></div></div><p id="niceng193er5.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appbtab2" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appbtab3" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appbtab4" class="figpopup">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to a Chronic Pain population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional searches were run on Medline and Embase for health economics and economic modelling.</p><p id="niceng193er5.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appbtab5" class="figpopup">Table 70. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appbtab6" class="figpopup">Medline search terms</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appbtab7" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appbtab8" class="figpopup">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="niceng193er5.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of exercise</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="niceng193er5.appd.s1"><h4>D.1. Evidence tables</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (2.1M)</span></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appd.s2"><h4>D.2. Cochrane evidence tables</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appd.et2"><a href="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5-appd-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">D.2.1. Bidonde 2017</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 560K)</span></p><p id="niceng193er5.appd.et3"><a href="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5-appd-et3.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">D.2.2. Busch 2013</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 461K)</span></p><p id="niceng193er5.appd.et4"><a href="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5-appd-et4.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">D.2.3. Theodom 2015</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 431K)</span></p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s1"><h4>E.1. Aerobic exercise versus usual care</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 4. Pain at >3 months (FIQ pain subscale, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 5. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 6. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 functional capacity subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 7. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical appearance subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig7" class="figpopup">Figure 8. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig8" class="figpopup">Figure 9. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig9" class="figpopup">Figure 10. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social aspects subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig10" class="figpopup">Figure 11. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional aspects subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig11"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig11" class="figpopup">Figure 12. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig12"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig12" class="figpopup">Figure 13. Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig13"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig13" class="figpopup">Figure 14. Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig14"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig14" class="figpopup">Figure 15. Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D-VAS, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig15"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig15" class="figpopup">Figure 16. Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D-VAS, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig16"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig16" class="figpopup">Figure 17. Physical function at ≤3 months (Timed up and go, seconds, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig17"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig17" class="figpopup">Figure 18. Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig18"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig18" class="figpopup">Figure 19. Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig19"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig19" class="figpopup">Figure 20. Physical function at >3 months (FIQ and SF-36 physical function subscales, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig20"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig20" class="figpopup">Figure 21. Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig21"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig21" class="figpopup">Figure 22. Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values and change scores, BDI, 0–61, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig22"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig22" class="figpopup">Figure 23. Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig23"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig23" class="figpopup">Figure 24. Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ anxiety scales, BAI, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig24"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig24" class="figpopup">Figure 25. Psychological distress at >3 months (Change scores, STAI anxiety total scores, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig25"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig25" class="figpopup">Figure 26. Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig26"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig26" class="figpopup">Figure 27. Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, FIQ anxiety scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig27"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig27" class="figpopup">Figure 28. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Final values, BDI dpression scale, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig28"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig28" class="figpopup">Figure 29. Use of healthcare services at 12 weeks (Number of GP contacts)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig29"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig29" class="figpopup">Figure 30. Use of healthcare services at 18 months (Number of GP contacts)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig30"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig30" class="figpopup">Figure 31. Use of healthcare services at 12 weeks (Number of medical specialist contacts)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig31"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig31" class="figpopup">Figure 32. Use of healthcare services at 18 months (Number of medical specialist contacts)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig32"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig32" class="figpopup">Figure 33. Use of healthcare services at 12 weeks (Number of physiotherapist contacts)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig33"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig33/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig33" class="figpopup">Figure 34. Use of healthcare services at 18 months (Number of physiotherapist contacts)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig34"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig34/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig34" class="figpopup">Figure 35. Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep scale, PSQI, FIQ sleep subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig35"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig35/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig35" class="figpopup">Figure 36. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s2"><h4>E.2. Strength training versus usual care</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig36"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig36/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig36" class="figpopup">Figure 37. Pain reduction at ≤3 months (final values, VAS, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig37"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig37/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig37" class="figpopup">Figure 38. Pain reduction at ≤3 months (change scores and final values, VAS, NRS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig38"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig38/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig38" class="figpopup">Figure 39. Pain reduction at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig39"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig39/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig39" class="figpopup">Figure 40. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig40"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig40/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig40" class="figpopup">Figure 41. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig41"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig41/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig41" class="figpopup">Figure 42. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100,final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig42"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig42/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig42" class="figpopup">Figure 43. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, change scores and final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig43"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig43/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig43" class="figpopup">Figure 44. Physical function at ≤3 months (final values, FIQ physical function subscale, Northwick pain questionnaire, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig44"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig44/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig44" class="figpopup">Figure 45. Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig45"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig45/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig45" class="figpopup">Figure 46. Physical function at >3 months (final values, Northwick Park questionnaire, Neck disability index, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig46"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig46/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig46" class="figpopup">Figure 47. Physical function at >3 months (change scores, SF-36 physical function subscale, HAQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig47"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig47/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig47" class="figpopup">Figure 48. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (final scores, pain catastrophising scale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig48"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig48/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig48" class="figpopup">Figure 49. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig49"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig49/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig49" class="figpopup">Figure 50. Use of healthcare services at >3 months</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig50"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig50/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig50" class="figpopup">Figure 51. Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep scale, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig51"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig51/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig51" class="figpopup">Figure 52. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig52"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig52/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig52" class="figpopup">Figure 53. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s3"><h4>E.3. Aerobic and strength versus usual care</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig53"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig53/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig53" class="figpopup">Figure 54. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig54"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig54/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig54" class="figpopup">Figure 55. Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig55"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig55/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig55" class="figpopup">Figure 56. Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594 to 1, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig56"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig56/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig56" class="figpopup">Figure 57. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig57"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig57/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig57" class="figpopup">Figure 58. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig58"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig58/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig58" class="figpopup">Figure 59. Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594 to 1, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig59"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig59/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig59" class="figpopup">Figure 60. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig60"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig60/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig60" class="figpopup">Figure 61. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig61"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig61/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig61" class="figpopup">Figure 62. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig62"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig62/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig62" class="figpopup">Figure 63. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig63"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig63/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig63" class="figpopup">Figure 64. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig64"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig64/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig64" class="figpopup">Figure 65. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig65"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig65/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig65" class="figpopup">Figure 66. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 bodily pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig66"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig66/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig66" class="figpopup">Figure 67. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig67"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig67/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig67" class="figpopup">Figure 68. Physical function at >3 months (quarter mile walk test, seconds, final values, high is poor outcome`)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig68"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig68/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig68" class="figpopup">Figure 69. Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walk test, final values, metres)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig69"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig69/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig69" class="figpopup">Figure 70. Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walk test, final values, metres)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig70"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig70/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig70" class="figpopup">Figure 71. Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig71"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig71/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig71" class="figpopup">Figure 72. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig72"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig72/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig72" class="figpopup">Figure 73. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State anxiety inventory, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig73"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig73/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig73" class="figpopup">Figure 74. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig74"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig74/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig74" class="figpopup">Figure 75. Psychological distress at >3 months (CES-D, BDI, FIQ depression subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig75"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig75/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig75" class="figpopup">Figure 76. Psychological distress at >3 months (State anxiety inventory, 20–80, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig76"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig76/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig76" class="figpopup">Figure 77. Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig77"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig77/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig77" class="figpopup">Figure 78. Health care utilisation at >3 months</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig78"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig78/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig78" class="figpopup">Figure 79. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig79"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig79/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig79" class="figpopup">Figure 80. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s4"><h4>E.4. Aerobic, strength and flexibility versus usual care</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig80"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig80/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig80" class="figpopup">Figure 81. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig81"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig81/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig81" class="figpopup">Figure 82. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s5"><h4>E.5. Strength and flexibility versus usual care</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig82"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig82/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig82" class="figpopup">Figure 83. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig83"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig83/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig83" class="figpopup">Figure 84. Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig84"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig84/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig84" class="figpopup">Figure 85. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig85"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig85/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig85" class="figpopup">Figure 86. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig86"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig86/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig86" class="figpopup">Figure 87. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig87"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig87/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig87" class="figpopup">Figure 88. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig88"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig88/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig88" class="figpopup">Figure 89. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig89"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig89/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig89" class="figpopup">Figure 90. Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig90"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig90/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig90" class="figpopup">Figure 91. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig91"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig91/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig91" class="figpopup">Figure 92. Psychological distress at >3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig92"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig92/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig92" class="figpopup">Figure 93. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s6"><h4>E.6. Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig93"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig93/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig93" class="figpopup">Figure 94. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig94"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig94/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig94" class="figpopup">Figure 95. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig95"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig95/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig95" class="figpopup">Figure 96. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig96"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig96/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig96" class="figpopup">Figure 97. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig97"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig97/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig97" class="figpopup">Figure 98. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig98"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig98/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig98" class="figpopup">Figure 99. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig99"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig99/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig99" class="figpopup">Figure 100. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig100"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig100/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig100" class="figpopup">Figure 101. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig101"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig101/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig101" class="figpopup">Figure 102. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig102"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig102/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig102" class="figpopup">Figure 103. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig103"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig103/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig103" class="figpopup">Figure 104. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig104"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig104/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig104" class="figpopup">Figure 105. Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig105"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig105/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig105" class="figpopup">Figure 106. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s7"><h4>E.7. Proprioception versus usual care</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig106"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig106/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig106" class="figpopup">Figure 107. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig107"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig107/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig107" class="figpopup">Figure 108. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig108"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig108/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig108" class="figpopup">Figure 109. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig109"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig109/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig109" class="figpopup">Figure 110. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig110"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig110/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig110" class="figpopup">Figure 111. Physical function at ≤3 months (Sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig111"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig111/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig111" class="figpopup">Figure 112. Physical function at >3 months (Sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig112"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig112/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig112" class="figpopup">Figure 113. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig113"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig113/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig113" class="figpopup">Figure 114. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig114"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig114/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig114" class="figpopup">Figure 115. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s8"><h4>E.8. Mind-body versus usual care</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig115"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig115/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig115" class="figpopup">Figure 116. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig116"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig116/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig116" class="figpopup">Figure 117. Pain improvement at <3 months (30% improvement on NRS)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig117"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig117/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig117" class="figpopup">Figure 118. Pain improvement at >3 months (30% improvement on NRS)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig118"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig118/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig118" class="figpopup">Figure 119. Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig119"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig119/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig119" class="figpopup">Figure 120. Quality of life at ≤3 months (WHOQOL-BREF, 0–5, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig120"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig120/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig120" class="figpopup">Figure 121. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig121"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig121/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig121" class="figpopup">Figure 122. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig122"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig122/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig122" class="figpopup">Figure 123. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig123"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig123/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig123" class="figpopup">Figure 124. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig124"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig124/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig124" class="figpopup">Figure 125. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig125"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig125/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig125" class="figpopup">Figure 126. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 functional capacity subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig126"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig126/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig126" class="figpopup">Figure 127. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig127"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig127/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig127" class="figpopup">Figure 128. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig128"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig128/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig128" class="figpopup">Figure 129. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig129"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig129/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig129" class="figpopup">Figure 130. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig130"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig130/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig130" class="figpopup">Figure 131. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig131"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig131/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig131" class="figpopup">Figure 132. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig132"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig132/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig132" class="figpopup">Figure 133. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig133"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig133/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig133" class="figpopup">Figure 134. Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, NDI, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig134"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig134/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig134" class="figpopup">Figure 135. Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig135"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig135/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig135" class="figpopup">Figure 136. Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walk test, metres, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig136"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig136/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig136" class="figpopup">Figure 137. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:D, BDI, CES-D, ADS depression, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig137"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig137/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig137" class="figpopup">Figure 138. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:A 0–61, STAI 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig138"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig138/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig138" class="figpopup">Figure 139. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, HADS:D, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig139"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig139/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig139" class="figpopup">Figure 140. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS:A, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig140"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig140/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig140" class="figpopup">Figure 141. Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS sleep outcome, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig141"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig141/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig141" class="figpopup">Figure 142. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s9"><h4>E.9. Flexibility versus usual care</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig142"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig142/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig142" class="figpopup">Figure 143. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig143"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig143/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig143" class="figpopup">Figure 144. Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig144"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig144/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig144" class="figpopup">Figure 145. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s10"><h4>E.10. Aerobic exercise versus strength training</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig145"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig145/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig145" class="figpopup">Figure 146. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, MDPI, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig146"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig146/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig146" class="figpopup">Figure 147. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig147"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig147/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig147" class="figpopup">Figure 148. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig148"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig148/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig148" class="figpopup">Figure 149. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig149"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig149/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig149" class="figpopup">Figure 150. Physical function at ≤3 months (multidimensional fatigue inventory reduced activity subscale, change scores, 0–20, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig150"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig150/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig150" class="figpopup">Figure 151. Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig151"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig151/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig151" class="figpopup">Figure 152. Physical function at >3 months (final values and change scores, SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig152"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig152/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig152" class="figpopup">Figure 153. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig153"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig153/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig153" class="figpopup">Figure 154. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig154"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig154/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig154" class="figpopup">Figure 155. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig155"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig155/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig155" class="figpopup">Figure 156. Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS sleep scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig156"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig156/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig156" class="figpopup">Figure 157. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s11"><h4>E.11. Aerobic versus flexibility</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig157"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig157/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig157" class="figpopup">Figure 158. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig158"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig158/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig158" class="figpopup">Figure 159. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig159"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig159/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig159" class="figpopup">Figure 160. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig160"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig160/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig160" class="figpopup">Figure 161. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig161"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig161/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig161" class="figpopup">Figure 162. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig162"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig162/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig162" class="figpopup">Figure 163. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig163"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig163/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig163" class="figpopup">Figure 164. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig164"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig164/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig164" class="figpopup">Figure 165. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig165"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig165/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig165" class="figpopup">Figure 166. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (STAI anxiety, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig166"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig166/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig166" class="figpopup">Figure 167. Psychological distress at >3 months (STAI anxiety, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig167"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig167/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig167" class="figpopup">Figure 168. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s12"><h4>E.12. Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig168"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig168/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig168" class="figpopup">Figure 169. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, high score is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig169"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig169/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig169" class="figpopup">Figure 170. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig170"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig170/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig170" class="figpopup">Figure 171. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Scale of Catastropic Thoughts on Pain, 0–5, high score is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig171"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig171/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig171" class="figpopup">Figure 172. Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 0–21, high score is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig172"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig172/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig172" class="figpopup">Figure 173. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s13"><h4>E.13. Aerobic and strength versus aerobic</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig173"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig173/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig173" class="figpopup">Figure 174. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig174"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig174/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig174" class="figpopup">Figure 175. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig175"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig175/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig175" class="figpopup">Figure 176. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s14"><h4>E.14. Aerobic and strength versus flexibility</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig176"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig176/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig176" class="figpopup">Figure 177. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig177"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig177/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig177" class="figpopup">Figure 178. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig178"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig178/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig178" class="figpopup">Figure 179. Quality of life at ≤3 months (NIS CPSI quality of life subscale 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig179"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig179/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig179" class="figpopup">Figure 180. Quality of life at >3 months (NIS CPSI quality of life subscale 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig180"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig180/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig180" class="figpopup">Figure 181. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig181"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig181/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig181" class="figpopup">Figure 182. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig182"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig182/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig182" class="figpopup">Figure 183. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s15"><h4>E.15. Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body exercise</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig183"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig183/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig183" class="figpopup">Figure 184. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig184"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig184/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig184" class="figpopup">Figure 185. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig185"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig185/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig185" class="figpopup">Figure 186. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig186"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig186/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig186" class="figpopup">Figure 187. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig187"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig187/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig187" class="figpopup">Figure 188. Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, change scores, metres)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig188"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig188/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig188" class="figpopup">Figure 189. Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, change scores, metres)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig189"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig189/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig189" class="figpopup">Figure 190. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig190"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig190/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig190" class="figpopup">Figure 191. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig191"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig191/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig191" class="figpopup">Figure 192. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, change scores high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig192"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig192/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig192" class="figpopup">Figure 193. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig193"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig193/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig193" class="figpopup">Figure 194. Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig194"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig194/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig194" class="figpopup">Figure 195. Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig195"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig195/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig195" class="figpopup">Figure 196. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s16"><h4>E.16. Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus aerobic exercise</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig196"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig196/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig196" class="figpopup">Figure 197. Pain at 4 weeks (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig197"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig197/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig197" class="figpopup">Figure 198. Pain at 12 weeks (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig198"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig198/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig198" class="figpopup">Figure 199. Quality of life at 4 weeks (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig199"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig199/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig199" class="figpopup">Figure 200. Quality of life at 12 weeks (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig200"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig200/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig200" class="figpopup">Figure 201. Sleep quality at 4 weeks (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig201"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig201/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig201" class="figpopup">Figure 202. Sleep quality at 12 weeks (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig202"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig202/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig202" class="figpopup">Figure 203. Discontinuation at 12 weeks</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s17"><h4>E.17. Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig203"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig203/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig203" class="figpopup">Figure 204. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ total score, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig204"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig204/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig204" class="figpopup">Figure 205. Physical function at ≤3 months (number of steps, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig205"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig205/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig205" class="figpopup">Figure 206. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s18"><h4>E.18. Strength training versus mind-body exercise</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig206"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig206/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig206" class="figpopup">Figure 207. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig207"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig207/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig207" class="figpopup">Figure 208. Quality of life at ≤3 months (Nottingham Health Profile, 0–600, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig208"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig208/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig208" class="figpopup">Figure 209. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck Disability Index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig209"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig209/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig209" class="figpopup">Figure 210. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Beck Depression Inventory, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig210"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig210/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig210" class="figpopup">Figure 211. Discontinuation at <3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s19"><h4>E.19. Strength training versus biomechanical exercise</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig211"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig211/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig211" class="figpopup">Figure 212. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig212"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig212/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig212" class="figpopup">Figure 213. Quality of life at ≤3 months (Nottingham Health Profile, 0–600, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig213"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig213/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig213" class="figpopup">Figure 214. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck Disability Index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig214"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig214/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig214" class="figpopup">Figure 215. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Beck Depression Inventory, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s20"><h4>E.20. Strength training versus flexibility</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig215"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig215/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig215" class="figpopup">Figure 216. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores and final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig216"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig216/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig216" class="figpopup">Figure 217. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig217"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig217/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig217" class="figpopup">Figure 218. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig218"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig218/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig218" class="figpopup">Figure 219. Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig219"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig219/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig219" class="figpopup">Figure 220. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig220"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig220/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig220" class="figpopup">Figure 221. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BAI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig221"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig221/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig221" class="figpopup">Figure 222. Sleep at ≤3 months (FIQ sleep subscale, 0–10, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig222"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig222/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig222" class="figpopup">Figure 223. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s21"><h4>E.21. Strength and flexibility versus flexibility</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig223"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig223/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig223" class="figpopup">Figure 224. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig224"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig224/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig224" class="figpopup">Figure 225. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig225"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig225/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig225" class="figpopup">Figure 226. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig226"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig226/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig226" class="figpopup">Figure 227. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig227"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig227/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig227" class="figpopup">Figure 228. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional wellbeing subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig228"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig228/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig228" class="figpopup">Figure 229. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig229"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig229/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig229" class="figpopup">Figure 230. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 bodily pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig230"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig230/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig230" class="figpopup">Figure 231. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig231"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig231/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig231" class="figpopup">Figure 232. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s22"><h4>E.22. Strength and flexibility versus mind-body</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig232"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig232/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig232" class="figpopup">Figure 233. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig233"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig233/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig233" class="figpopup">Figure 234. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig234"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig234/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig234" class="figpopup">Figure 235. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig235"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig235/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig235" class="figpopup">Figure 236. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig236"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig236/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig236" class="figpopup">Figure 237. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig237"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig237/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig237" class="figpopup">Figure 238. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig238"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig238/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig238" class="figpopup">Figure 239. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig239"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig239/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig239" class="figpopup">Figure 240. Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig240"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig240/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig240" class="figpopup">Figure 241. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig241"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig241/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig241" class="figpopup">Figure 242. Psychological distress at >3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig242"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig242/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig242" class="figpopup">Figure 243. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s23"><h4>E.23. Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body exercise</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig243"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig243/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig243" class="figpopup">Figure 244. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig244"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig244/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig244" class="figpopup">Figure 245. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig245"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig245/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig245" class="figpopup">Figure 246. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig246"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig246/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig246" class="figpopup">Figure 247. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig247"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig247/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig247" class="figpopup">Figure 248. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig248"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig248/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig248" class="figpopup">Figure 249. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig249"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig249/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig249" class="figpopup">Figure 250. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig250"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig250/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig250" class="figpopup">Figure 251. Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig251"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig251/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig251" class="figpopup">Figure 252. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig252"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig252/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig252" class="figpopup">Figure 253. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig253"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig253/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig253" class="figpopup">Figure 254. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig254"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig254/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig254" class="figpopup">Figure 255. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig255"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig255/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig255" class="figpopup">Figure 256. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s24"><h4>E.24. Strength training versus proprioception</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig256"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig256/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig256" class="figpopup">Figure 257. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s25"><h4>E.25. Mind-body exercise versus flexibility</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig257"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig257/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig257" class="figpopup">Figure 258. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig258"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig258/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig258" class="figpopup">Figure 259. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig259"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig259/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig259" class="figpopup">Figure 260. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig260"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig260/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig260" class="figpopup">Figure 261. Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig261"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig261/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig261" class="figpopup">Figure 262. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s26"><h4>E.26. Mind-body exercise versus biomechanical</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig262"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig262/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig262" class="figpopup">Figure 263. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig263"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig263/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig263" class="figpopup">Figure 264. Quality of life ≤3 months (Nottingham Health Profile, 0–600, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig264"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig264/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig264" class="figpopup">Figure 265. Physical function ≤3 months (Neck Disability Index, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig265"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig265/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig265" class="figpopup">Figure 266. Psychological distress ≤3 months (Beck Depression Inventory, 0–63, high is poor outcome)</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s27"><h4>E.27. Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig266"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig266/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig266" class="figpopup">Figure 267. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig267"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig267/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig267" class="figpopup">Figure 268. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig268"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig268/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig268" class="figpopup">Figure 269. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s28"><h4>E.28. Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic exercise</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig269"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig269/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig269" class="figpopup">Figure 270. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig270"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig270/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig270" class="figpopup">Figure 271. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s29"><h4>E.29. Exercise versus psychological therapies</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig271"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig271/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig271" class="figpopup">Figure 272. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig272"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig272/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig272" class="figpopup">Figure 273. Pain at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig273"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig273/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig273" class="figpopup">Figure 274. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig274"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig274/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig274" class="figpopup">Figure 275. Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, high is good outcome, final values)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig275"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig275/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig275" class="figpopup">Figure 276. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36, 0–100, high score is good outcome</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig276"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig276/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig276" class="figpopup">Figure 277. Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, high is poor outcome, change scores)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig277"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig277/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig277" class="figpopup">Figure 278. Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, high is good outcome, final values)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig278"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig278/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig278" class="figpopup">Figure 279. Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig279"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig279/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig279" class="figpopup">Figure 280. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (CES-D, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig280"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig280/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig280" class="figpopup">Figure 281. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig281"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig281/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig281" class="figpopup">Figure 282. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig282"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig282/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig282" class="figpopup">Figure 283. Sleep at >3 months (the sleep scale, 0–20, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig283"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig283/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig283" class="figpopup">Figure 284. Sleep at >3 months (pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig284"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig284/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig284" class="figpopup">Figure 285. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s30"><h4>E.30. Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig285"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig285/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig285" class="figpopup">Figure 286. Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, 0–10, final values)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig286"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig286/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig286" class="figpopup">Figure 287. Pain at >3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, 0–10, final values)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig287"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig287/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig287" class="figpopup">Figure 288. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig288"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig288/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig288" class="figpopup">Figure 289. Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig289"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig289/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig289" class="figpopup">Figure 290. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s31"><h4>E.31. Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig290"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig290/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig290" class="figpopup">Figure 291. Pain at <3 months (VAS, NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig291"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig291/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig291" class="figpopup">Figure 292. Pain at >3 months (NRS, VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig292"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig292/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig292" class="figpopup">Figure 293. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig293"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig293/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig293" class="figpopup">Figure 294. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig294"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig294/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig294" class="figpopup">Figure 295. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig295"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig295/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig295" class="figpopup">Figure 296. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig296"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig296/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig296" class="figpopup">Figure 297. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig297"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig297/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig297" class="figpopup">Figure 298. Physical function at >3 months (neck disability index, functional performance scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig298"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig298/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig298" class="figpopup">Figure 299. Physical function at >3 months (neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig299"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig299/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig299" class="figpopup">Figure 300. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, 0–100)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig300"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig300/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig300" class="figpopup">Figure 301. Discontinuation at >3 months</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appe.s32"><h4>E.32. Exercise versus manual therapy</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig301"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig301/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig301" class="figpopup">Figure 302. Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig302"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig302/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig302" class="figpopup">Figure 303. Pain at >3 months (NRS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig303"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig303/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig303" class="figpopup">Figure 304. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig304"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig304/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig304" class="figpopup">Figure 305. Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appe.fig305"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appe.fig305/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appefig305" class="figpopup">Figure 306. Discontinuation at ≤3 months</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 71. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab2" class="figpopup">Table 72. Clinical evidence profile: Strength versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab3" class="figpopup">Table 73. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic and strength versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab4" class="figpopup">Table 74. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic, strength and flexibility versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab5" class="figpopup">Table 75. Clinical evidence profile: Strength and flexibility versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab6" class="figpopup">Table 76. Clinical evidence profile: Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab7" class="figpopup">Table 77. Clinical evidence profile: Proprioception versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab8" class="figpopup">Table 78. Clinical evidence profile: Mind-body versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab9" class="figpopup">Table 79. Clinical evidence profile: Flexibility versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab10" class="figpopup">Table 80. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic versus strength</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab11" class="figpopup">Table 81. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab12" class="figpopup">Table 82. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab13" class="figpopup">Table 83. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic and strength versus aerobic</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab14" class="figpopup">Table 84. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic and strength versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab15" class="figpopup">Table 85. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab16" class="figpopup">Table 86. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus aerobic exercise</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab17" class="figpopup">Table 87. Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab18"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab18" class="figpopup">Table 88. Clinical evidence profile: Strength versus mind-body</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab19"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab19" class="figpopup">Table 89. Clinical evidence profile: Strength versus biomechanical</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab20"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab20" class="figpopup">Table 90. Clinical evidence profile: Strength versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab21"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab21" class="figpopup">Table 91. Clinical evidence profile: Strength and flexibility versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab22"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab22" class="figpopup">Table 92. Clinical evidence profile: Strength and flexibility versus mind-body</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab23"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab23" class="figpopup">Table 93. Clinical evidence profile: Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab24"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab24" class="figpopup">Table 94. Clinical evidence profile: Strength versus proprioception</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab25"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab25" class="figpopup">Table 95. Clinical evidence profile: Mind-body versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab26"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab26" class="figpopup">Table 96. Clinical evidence profile: Mind-body versus biomechanical</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab27"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab27" class="figpopup">Table 97. Clinical evidence profile: Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab28"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab28" class="figpopup">Table 98. Clinical evidence profile: Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab29"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab29" class="figpopup">Table 99. Clinical evidence profile: Exercise versus psychological therapies</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab30"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab30" class="figpopup">Table 100. Clinical evidence profile: Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab31"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab31" class="figpopup">Table 101. Clinical evidence profile: Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appf.tab32"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appftab32" class="figpopup">Table 102. Clinical evidence profile: Exercise versus manual therapy</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="niceng193er5.appg.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/figure/niceng193er5.appg.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appgfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 307. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng193er5.apph.et1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5-apph-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (249K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng193er5.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appitab1" class="figpopup">Table 103. Studies excluded from the clinical review</a></p></div><div id="niceng193er5.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p id="niceng193er5.appi.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appitab2" class="figpopup">Table 104. Studies excluded from the health economic review</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng193er5.appj"><h3>Appendix J. MIDs for continuous outcomes</h3><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab1" class="figpopup">Table 105. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic exercise versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab2" class="figpopup">Table 106. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength training versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab3" class="figpopup">Table 107. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic and strength versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab4" class="figpopup">Table 108. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength and flexibility versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab5" class="figpopup">Table 109. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab6" class="figpopup">Table 110. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Proprioception versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab7" class="figpopup">Table 111. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Mind-body exercise versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab8" class="figpopup">Table 112. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Flexibility versus usual care</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab9" class="figpopup">Table 113. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic exercise versus strength</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab10" class="figpopup">Table 114. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic exercise versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab11" class="figpopup">Table 115. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab12" class="figpopup">Table 116. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic and strength versus aerobic exercise</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab13" class="figpopup">Table 117. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic and strength versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab14" class="figpopup">Table 118. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body exercise</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab15" class="figpopup">Table 119. MIDS for continuous outcomes: Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus aerobic exercise</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab16" class="figpopup">Table 120. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab17" class="figpopup">Table 121. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength versus mind-body</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab18"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab18" class="figpopup">Table 122. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Mind-body versus biomechanical</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab19"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab19" class="figpopup">Table 123. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab20"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab20" class="figpopup">Table 124. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength and flexibility versus mind-body</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab21"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab21" class="figpopup">Table 125. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab22"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab22" class="figpopup">Table 126. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength versus proprioception</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab23"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab23" class="figpopup">Table 127. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Mind-body versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab24"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab24" class="figpopup">Table 128. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Mind-body versus biomechanical</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab25"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab25" class="figpopup">Table 129. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab26"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab26" class="figpopup">Table 130. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic exercise</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab27"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab27" class="figpopup">Table 131. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Exercise versus psychological therapies</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab28"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab28" class="figpopup">Table 132. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab29"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab29" class="figpopup">Table 133. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise</a></p><p id="niceng193er5.appj.tab30"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng193er5appjtab30" class="figpopup">Table 134. MIDs for continuous outcomes: Exercise versus manual therapy</a></p></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Intervention evidence review underpinning recommendations 1.2.1 to 1.2.2 in the NICE guideline</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre based at the Royal College of Physicians</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and, where appropriate, their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2021.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK569982</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33939358" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">33939358</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab1"><div id="niceng193er5.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng193er5.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng193er5.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>People, aged 16 years and over, with chronic primary pain (whose pain management is not addressed by existing NICE guidance) (chronic widespread pain, complex regional pain syndrome, chronic visceral pain, chronic orofacial pain, chronic musculoskeletal pain other than orofacial)</p>
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<p>Chronic pain in one or more anatomical regions that is characterized by significant emotional distress (anxiety, anger/frustration or depressed mood) and functional disability (interference in daily life activities and reduced participation in social roles). The diagnosis is appropriate independently of identified biological or psychological contributors unless another diagnosis would better account for the presenting symptoms.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng193er5.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng193er5.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mind-body exercise (e.g. yoga, Tai Chi)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biomechanical (e.g. pilates) exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Proprioceptive exercise</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Strength training</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Flexibility</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aerobic (e.g. swimming, walking programme, aerobic exercise)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Graded motor imagery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mixed modality exercise (aerobics and/or mind-body and/or biomechanical).</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng193er5.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng193er5.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparators:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Each other</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Usual care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological therapies</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other physical therapies (e.g. manual therapy)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Manual therapy + exercise.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng193er5.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng193er5.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction (any validated scale)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Health related quality of life (including meaningful activity)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function (e.g. 6minute walk, sit to stand, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress (depression/anxiety) (preferably Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale)</div></li></ul>
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IMPORTANT:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Use of healthcare services</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation.</div></li></ul>
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Outcomes will be extracted at the longest time point up to 3 months and at the longest time point after 3 months.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng193er5.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng193er5.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of RCTs Cross-over RCTs will be considered if no non-cross-over RCT evidence is identified.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab2"><div id="niceng193er5.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andrade 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref17" rid="niceng193er5.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>16 week interventions.</p>
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<p>
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<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=27)</b>
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</p>
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<p>32 aerobic pool sessions, 45 minutes each, twice a week. Conducted in groups of 5 and supervised by three physiotherapists. Progression of exercises was adjusted throughout in order to maintain optimum heart rate and reach the established perceived exertion threshold for each participant.</p>
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<p>
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<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=27)</b>
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</p>
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<p>No treatment; no further details</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=54)</p>
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<p>Mean age 47.5(8) years</p>
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<p>Mean pain duration 7.5 years</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 16 weeks (post-intervention):
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Da costa 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref67" rid="niceng193er5.ref67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>12 week interventions.</p>
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<p>
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<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=39)</b>
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</p>
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<p>Meeting four times with an exercise physiologist. Visits were 90 minutes with 30 minute follow ups. Exercises were individualised for each participant and following the American college of sports medicine guidelines. Exercise focused mainly on aerobic fitness with exercises at heart rate intensity of 60–70% initially then to 75–85% depending on progress, and duration of exercise depended on the intensity although the guidelines suggested individuals should perform 60–120minutes per week. Stretching and strength exercises were also prescribed with the amount depending on the needs of each participant. Participants were provided with a heart rate monitor.</p>
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<p>
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<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=41)</b>
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</p>
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<p>Usual care control group</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=80)</p>
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<p>Mean age 51.2 years</p>
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<p>Mean pain duration 11 years</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 months follow up (including 3 months intervention):
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gowans 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref113" rid="niceng193er5.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a> (Gowans 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref110" rid="niceng193er5.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>23 week interventions.</p>
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<p>
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<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=27)</b>
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</p>
|
|
<p>Water walking/running progressing to land walking/running. Classes for the first 6 weeks were conducted in a warm therapeutic pool; then progressed to 2 walking classes in a gym and 1 pool class. Classes were three times per week for 30 minutes (5 minutes stretching, 20 minutes aerobic activity, and 5 minutes stretching). Designed to generate a heart rate of 60–75% of age adjusted maximum heart rate.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=23)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Continue ad libitum activity.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=50)</p>
|
|
<p>Female:Male: 44:6</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 44.6 (8.7); 49.8 (7.3) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 9.6 (8.6); 8.4 (7.6) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 23 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kayo 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref142" rid="niceng193er5.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=30)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervised indoor or outdoor walking, three times a week for 60 minutes (5–10 minutes stretching, walking and 5 minutes cool down).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Usual care (n=30)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Control conditions not specified.</p>
|
|
<p>Participants in all 3 groups were asked to discontinue tricyclic antidepressants but were allowed to use acetaminophen (paracetamol) for pain.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>All female</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 47.7 (5.3); 46.7 (6.3); 46.1 (6.4) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 4.0 (3.1); 4.7 (5.7); 5.4 (3.5) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 28 weeks (follow up, including 16 weeks intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">King 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref152" rid="niceng193er5.ref152"><sup>152</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=42)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Walking, aquacise (deep and shallow water), or low impact aerobics. Three times a week starting at 10–15 minutes and progressing to 20–40 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=34)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Waitlist control. Participants received written instructions for basic stretches and 5 items related to general coping strategies.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=170; third arm of study reported under exercise versus psychological therapy comparison)</p>
|
|
<p>Females only</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 45.2 (9.4); 44.9 (10); 47.4 (9); 47.3 (7.3) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 7.8; 10.9; 8.9; 9.6 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 24 weeks (follow up including 12 week intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mengshoel 1992<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref189" rid="niceng193er5.ref189"><sup>189</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=11)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Modified low-impact aerobic dance; exercise for upper extremities performed at intervals between periods of rest; exercises modified to prevent pain, fatigue, and static muscle work. Twice a week for 60 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=14)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants instructed to not change their habits regarding physical activities.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=25)</p>
|
|
<p>All female</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 33.5 (21 to 42); 34 (25 to 38) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 8.5 (3 to 20), 8 (3 to 23) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 20 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McBeth 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref181" rid="niceng193er5.ref181"><sup>181</sup></a> (Beasley 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref28" rid="niceng193er5.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 month intervention</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=109)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Gym based programme with monthly assessments led by instructors to reassess the programme. Exercise intensity increased until exercise levels achieved 40–85% maximum heart rate; recommended session length 20 to 60 minutes 3–5 times a week).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Usual care (n=109)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual care from family physician, although precise care delivered, if any, was not recorded</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic widespread pain (n=330; third arm of study reported under exercise versus psychological therapy comparison)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 55.7(12.5) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 9 months:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (6 months)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gym sessions were not supervised (70% finished the exercise intervention, those that finished reached the compliance threshold of at least 2 sessions per week. 16.2% didn’t complete sessions other than the monthly fitness instructor sessions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nichols 1994<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref204" rid="niceng193er5.ref204"><sup>204</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=10)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Fast paced walking on an indoor track. Each session included a warm up and cool down regimen of stretching exercises, 1 warm up and cool down lap of slow paced walking. Three times a week.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=9)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Daily activities as usual not involving physical activity.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=19)</p>
|
|
<p>Female:Male: 17:2</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 47.8 (11.1); 50.8 (11.8) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: > 10; > 10 years except for a person who had 4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Norouzi 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref206" rid="niceng193er5.ref206"><sup>206</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=40)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Half of participants took part in walking on a treadmill. Walking was at an intensity of 60–75% estimated maximum heart rate. The other half of particpants took part in Zumba dancing. Each session consisted of a warm up followed by active upper and lower body movements, followed by a cool down and stretching. Three times a week for 60 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Current daily activity levels were maintained and participants were asked to refrain from additional exercise or sport activities.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyagia (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>All female</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 35.5 (2.42); 35.4 (2.80) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 2.28 (0.3); 2.83 (0.29) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 armed trial; ‘aerobic exercise’ arm and ‘Zumba dancing’ arm combined for analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sanudo 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref234" rid="niceng193er5.ref234"><sup>234</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=22)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Warm-up included slow walks, easy movements of progressive intensity, steady state aerobics included continuous walking with arm movements and jogging, interval training included aerobic dance and jogging, cool-down included slow walks, easy movements, relaxation training. Twice a week for 45–60 minutes (10 minutes warm-up, 5–10 minutes cool down, 15–20 minutes steady aerobics, 15 minutes interval training).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Usual care (n=21)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Medical treatment for fibromyalgia and continued normal daily activities, which did not include structured exercise.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=64 ; third arm of study reported under aerobic and strength versus aerobic comparison)</p>
|
|
<p>Females only</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 55.9 (1.6); 55.9 (1.7); 56.6 (1.9) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 24 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (additional outcome)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sanudo 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref232" rid="niceng193er5.ref232"><sup>232</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=16)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Two sessions per week of 45–60 minutes duration. Each session included 10 minutes of warm up activities (easy movements and slow walking), 15–20 minutes of steady state exercise at 60–65% of predicted maximum heart rate (including continuous walking with arm movements and jogging) and 15 minutes of interval training at 75–80% (six repetitions of 1.5 minutes with 1 minute interpolated rest intervals), and 5–10 minutes of cool-down activities (slow walks, easy movements, relaxation training). Exercise intensity was monitored by a heart rate telemetric system. The intensity progressively increased as participants improved their exercise capacity to maintain the heart rate in the prescribed range.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=16)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants continued their normal daily activities which did not include structured exercise.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=32)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 56.5 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 24 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schachter 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref239" rid="niceng193er5.ref239"><sup>239</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=51)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Home programme of low impact aerobics (long bout) with rhythmical movements designed to use all major muscle groups of the lower extremities performed to music. Three-five times a week for 10–30 minutes, increasing in intensity over the first 10 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Aerobic exercise (n=56)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Home program of low-impact aerobics (short bout) to videotaped instructor and music, rhythmical movements of lower body muscles. Three to five times a week, twice a day for 5–15 minutes, increasing in intensity over the first 10 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p><i>NB Aerobic exercise interventions pooled in the analysis</i>.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Usual care (n=36)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants were asked to refrain from starting any new regular physical activity or exercise programs or other non-pharmacological interventions.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=143)</p>
|
|
<p>Females only</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 41.3 (8.7); 41.9 (8.6); 42.5 (6.7) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 16 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sencan 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref241" rid="niceng193er5.ref241"><sup>241</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervision unclear. Cycle ergometry 3 times a week for 40 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Placebo group received sham transcutaneous electrical stimulation 3 times a week for 20 minutes each; electrodes applied on the 2 most painful tender points (with no current)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 35.4 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of pain 4.7 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks post intervention and 26 weeks follow up:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van eijk-hustings 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref264" rid="niceng193er5.ref264"><sup>264</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=47)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Sessions twice a week by a trained physiotherapist in a community gym (groups of 9 to 10 participants). Every session started with a 10-min warm up, comprising aerobic and stretching, followed by 30 minutes of aerobic exercise. The low- intensity aerobic part aimed to reach 55–64 % of the predicted maximum heart rate. Then, resistance training was applied during 15 min to strengthen major muscle groups. Finally, every session was finished with a 5-min cool down. Participants received a digital video disc presenting exercises to do at home, and they were advised to perform these once a week.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=48)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual care involved GP appointments and at least some individualised education about fibromyalgia.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=96*)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 42 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of pain not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 18 months (follow-up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Use of healthcare services</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Third arm of RCT included in pain management programme evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigers 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref276" rid="niceng193er5.ref276"><sup>276</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Aerobic exercise, focusing on the whole body and aimed at minimizing eccentric muscle strain. Exercise involved movement to music and games. Three times a week for 45 minutes (23 minute music session including warming up and 2 peaks of high intensity training, 15 minutes of aerobic games with 2 high intensity periods).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Continued treatments being used at baseline.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=40)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 43 (9); 44 (12); 46 (9) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 9 (5); 11 (10); 11 (9) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 14 weeks (post intervention) and 4 years (follow-up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (additional outcome)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab3"><div id="niceng193er5.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumpcao 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref23" rid="niceng193er5.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=19)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>12 week supervised resistance training programme of 40-minute sessions performed twice a week with progressive overload. Equipment included dumbbells, shin pads. No load was used in the first 2 sessions, after which time 0.5kg was added each week if the patient identified the effort as slightly intense on the Borg scale. 8 repetitions for: triceps, quadriceps, hip adductors and abductors, hip flexors, elbow flexors and extensors, pectoralis major and rhomboids.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=16)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>After 12 weeks patients were reassessed and offered physical therapy based on stretching and resistance training.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=35)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 47 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60% were taking concomitant medication for fibromyalgia (antidepressants, analgesics, anti-inflammatories or psychotropic medication)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Borisut 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref39" rid="niceng193er5.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength exercise (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>A progressive resistance exercise program for the neck muscles, especially the superficial neck flexor and extensor muscles. Neck flexion and extension were performed in the supine and prone positions. The first 4 weeks involved 12–15 repetitions, and the next 8 weeks involved 3 sets of 15 repetitions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength exercise (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>A craniocervical flexion exercises which consisted of a low load exercise for the cranio-cervical flexor muscles. Participants moved to increase air pressure on a sensor and held for 10 seconds in 15 repetitions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Strength exercise (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>A combination of progressive resistance exercise and craniocervical flexion exercise.</p>
|
|
<p><i>NB Strength exercise interventions pooled in the analysis</i>.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>After the data collection period, participants were advised to perform both the strength progressive resistance and cranio-cervical exercises</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with chronic neck pain (n=100)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 31.1 (3.38); 30.40 (3.54)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chiu 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref59" rid="niceng193er5.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=67)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>There were 2 training sessions per week for a period of 6 weeks. The exercise program began with a warm up which involved one set (10 minutes) of activation of the deep neck, then 15 repetitions of flexion and extension of the neck. The resistance used during the warm up was set at approximately 20% of the maximum intensity. After the warm up, dynamic training started, which consisted of 3 sets of variable resistance load allowing 8–12 repetitions of full flexion and extension within pain tolerance. A 5 minute rest between sessions was given. The weight load was increased approximately 5% when a set of 12 or more repetitions had been achieved.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=78)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The control group received infrared irradiation twice a week for 6 weeks. The irradiation time was 20 minutes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic neck pain for longer than 3 months (n=145)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 43.3 years</p>
|
|
<p>61% had pain for over 12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infrared irradiation was given to both the exercise group and the control group. For the exercise group, irradiation was given before the exercise program.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falla 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref90" rid="niceng193er5.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=23)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Progressive exercise programme for the neck flexors and extensor muscles. Participants received personal instruction and supervision by a physiotherapist for 30 minutes once per week for 8 weeks. The therapist examined the exercises and progressed the participant if appropriate. The programme consisted of 2 stages. The first stage was 6 weeks duration. The principal exercise task during this period was flexion in a relaxed supine lying position and patients were guided by a pressure unit. The second stage was 2 weeks and involved higher load exercise with head weight as the load. During this stage, participants performed up to 15 repetitions of a head lift for flexors and neck extension for the extensor group. Participants practiced twice per day, and the programme was 10–20 minutes/day.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=23)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The control group did not receive any intervention, however they patients were not asked to refrain from seeking treatment.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=46)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 38.9 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of pain 9.1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glasgow 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref107" rid="niceng193er5.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=14)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervised resistance exercises twice a week for 8 weeks, each lasting 30 minutes. 3 sets of 8–12 repetitions followed by 90 second rest periods between each set. Exercises were chest presses, leg extensions, leg curls and seated rows, initially at a training intensity of 50–60% of maximum. Resistance was increased when participants could complete 12 repetitions on all 3 sets over 2 consecutive training days.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=12)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Control group (non-exercising, no further details).</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=26)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 51 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hakkinen 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref119" rid="niceng193er5.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=11)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Resistance training including 6–8 dynamic resisted exercises using David 200 dynamometer to upper extremity, lower extremity, and trunk muscle groups. Twice a week.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=10)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Controls maintained their normal low-intensity recreational physical activities but did not participate in the strength training.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n= 21)</p>
|
|
<p>All female</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 37 (6) to 39 (6) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 12 (4) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 21 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Busch 2013)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kayo 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref142" rid="niceng193er5.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=30)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervised exercise protocol consisting of 11 free active exercises for upper and lower limbs and trunk muscles, with free weights and body weight performed in the standing, sitting, and lying positions. Sessions were three times a week for 60 minutes. Exercise load and intensity increased every 2 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=30)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Control conditions not specified.</p>
|
|
<p>Participants in all 3 groups were asked to discontinue tricyclic antidepressants but were allowed to use acetaminophen (paracetamol) for pain.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>All female</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 47.7 (5.3); 46.7 (6.3); 46.1 (6.4) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 4.0 (3.1); 4.7 (5.7); 5.4 (3.5) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 28 weeks (follow up, including 16 weeks intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kingsley 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref153" rid="niceng193er5.ref153"><sup>153</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=15)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Twice a week sessions for 30 minutes. Sessions consisted of 11 exercises. Resistance machine exercises included chest press, leg extension, standing leg curl, shoulder press, lumbar extension and abdominal crunch. The cable exercises included low pulley biceps curl, high pulley triceps extension, and the mid pulley standing row. Body weight was used for the standing calf raises and body weight Swiss ball squats. Before and after workouts, participants performed 5 minutes of warm up and cool down that included stretching and walking. Participants began training at 40% of their 1-RM. Once 12 repetitions were performed in proper form, weight was increased by 2.3 to 4.5kg (5–10lb).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=14)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants were asked not to change their activity levels during the 12 week intervention period.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=29)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 46.2 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 8 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suvarnnato 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref247" rid="niceng193er5.ref247"><sup>247</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=18)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Semispinalis cervicis-training group. Exercises involved a physical therapist applying resistance to the posterior vertebral arches of the participant’s C2 vertebra whilst participants pushed against the resistance. Exercises were held for 10 seconds, 10 times per set, 3 sets per day (30 second rest between sets). Exercises performed twice per week over the 6 week period.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength training (n=18)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Deep cervical flexor-training group. Low-load exercises focused on activating the deep flexor muscles of the cervical region. Exercises performed 10 times per set, 3 sets at a time with a 30 second rest between sets. Performed under supervision twice per week and advised to perform twice per day at home.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>NB Strength training interventions pooled in the analysis</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Usual care (n=18)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual care deemed appropriate by physical therapists other than strength exercises, e.g. stretching, manual therapy. 10–12 appointments within 6 weeks.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic neck pain (n=54)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 42.94 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of pain 12.86 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks (post-intervention) and 16 weeks (follow up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Valkeinen 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref260" rid="niceng193er5.ref260"><sup>260</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=13)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Resisted dynamic exercise to knee extensors x 2 plus 5–6 exercises for other main muscle groups of body. Twice a week for 60–90 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Control conditions were treatment as usual and physical activity as usual.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n-26)</p>
|
|
<p>All females</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 59.1 (3.5) to 60.2 (2.5) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 8.5 (4.3) to 6.6 (4.1) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 21 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Busch 2013)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Viljanen 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref267" rid="niceng193er5.ref267"><sup>267</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=135)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Led by trained physiotherapist 3 times a week sessions for 30 minutes each, followed by on week of reinforcement training 6 months after randomisation. Dumbbells were used for dynamic muscle training (weight 1–3kg each according to maximum repetitions with a test weight of 7.5 kg). The Exercises, conducted in the same order in each session, were chosen to activate large muscle groups in the neck and shoulder region. After the 5thweek participants were taught 3 exercises from the program with stretches, after the 9th week they were asked to perform the full training program by themselves.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=130)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual care, no change to physical activity or means of relaxation during the 12 months of follow up.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=393; third arm of study reported under exercise versus psychological therapy comparison)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 44 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 10.8 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 months follow up (including 12 week intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All participants were office workers</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Von trott 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref271" rid="niceng193er5.ref271"><sup>271</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>(Intervention 1: Strength and flexibility n=39)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>24 sessions at 45 minutes each held over 12 weeks, with 6–12 participants in each group. A standardised programme for computer and workplace related neck pain. It included repeated active cervical rotations as well and strength and flexibility exercises. Special intention as paid so that the patients’ individual pain limits were not exceeded. About 90% of the exercises were repeated in each lesion; some 10% was exchanged regularly</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=40)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Waiting list control participants did not receive Qigong or exercise therapy.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Office workers with chronic neck pain (n=79)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 76 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 18.6 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 24 weeks follow up:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab4"><div id="niceng193er5.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Espi-lopez 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref83" rid="niceng193er5.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic, Strength training (n=13)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Low-impact aerobic exercise with low impact strength exercises. Two sessions per week. Each session consisted of 60min and was divided into three parts: warm up (15 min); games, group dynamics and aerobics (30 min); and cool down with stretching for 15 min. The warm up consisted of combined low impact aerobic exercises, free range of motion exercises of limbs and spine, and coordination exercises plus stretching. This was followed by active low load resistance exercises involving arms and legs, followed by a circuit of coordination and agility exercises and then low-impact strength exercises of the trunk. This was followed by a cool down with stretches.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=9)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No intervention, no further details</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=22)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 53.6(8.1) years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Etnier 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref84" rid="niceng193er5.ref84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic, Strength exercise (n=8)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The exercise sessions were 60 minutes in duration 3 days a week. During the sessions, participants walked, performed light resistance exercises, and performed static bridging and stretching exercises. All sessions were conducted and directly supervised by one of the authors. In terms of the walking portion, participants were encouraged to walk a comfortable/brisk pace (55–65% of maximal heart rate reserve) for 15 minutes. Over the course of the intervention, they were encouraged to try to walk a greater distance in the 15 minute period and used this as a self-measure of aerobic fitness. In terms of the light resistance exercises, participants moved through an 8 station light resistance exercise circuit. When subjects were able to easily complete the required number of repetitions for a certain exercise, resistance was increased by 1 pound. Often, this caused participants to reduce the number of repetitions for a short time followed by slowly working back to the required number. Static-bridging exercises require that the exerciser support her body (holding the body very still) in various positions to increase core (abdominal, back and pelvic), muscle strength/endurance. Usually 10 repetitions of approximately 3 seconds were completed in each session.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=8)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No treatment control condition.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=16)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of pain not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 18 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Most participants reported having symptoms as teenagers and received a medical diagnosis within the last 1–10 years.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Izquierdo-Alventosa 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref132" rid="niceng193er5.ref132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic, Strength training (n=16)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Low intensity physical exercise combing endurance training (aerobic and low-load resistance exercises aimed at improving endurance) and coordination. Each session consisted of a warm up of walking at a slow pace (10–15 minutes), training which involved 10 exercises (25–40 minutes), and a cool down of walking, stretching, and breathing (10–20 minutes). Twice a week for 60 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=16)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No treatment control condition.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=32)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 53.06 (8.4); 55.13 (7.35) years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 weeks (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical functioning</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological functioning</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Latorre roman 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref159" rid="niceng193er5.ref159"><sup>159</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic, Strength training (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Sixty-minute sessions of functional training 3 times a week. Of those 3 weekly sessions, 2 consistent of exercise in water and 1 of exercise on land. A specialist instructed both groups. Each session included a warm up (5 minutes) and exercises of muscular strengthening and balance (40 minutes), and a cool down (5 minutes). Exercise intensity was increased during the whole programme by modifying the number of reps per set, by introducing weights (in on land exercises, 0.5–2kg per exercise) and materials that raised the resistance offered by water. Strength training consisted in 1–3 sets of 8–12 reps per exercise and circuit training. On land, multiple functional exercises were performed individually and on a circuit, for example, climbing stairs using weights as the external load (medicine ball).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=19)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants continued with their daily activities that did not include any kind of physical exercise similar to that of the study group.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=39)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 51.7 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 18 weeks (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Munguia-izquierdo 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref200" rid="niceng193er5.ref200"><sup>200</sup></a> (Munguia-izquierdo 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref199" rid="niceng193er5.ref199"><sup>199</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16 week intervention</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic, Strength training (n=35)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The exercise group trained in a chest-high warm pool (32°C) 3 times a week for 16 weeks. Each session included 10 minutes of warming up with slow walks and mobility exercises, 10 to 20 minutes of strength exercises developed at a slow pace using water and aquatic materials as a means of resistance including a stepped progression during the program, 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercises developed progressively at intensity sufficient to achieve 50% to 80% of the age predicted maximum heart rate equation (220 – age), and 10 minutes of cooling down with low-intensity and relaxation exercises. Heart rate was monitored with a pulse meter.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The control group was instructed not to change their habits regarding physical activities during the period. Usual activities and medication allowed.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 48 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 14 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 16 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sanudo 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref235" rid="niceng193er5.ref235"><sup>235</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic, Strength training (n=21)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Twice weekly sessions of combined aerobic and muscle strength training for 24 weeks. 10 minute warm up followed by 10–15 minutes of aerobic exercises at 65–70% of maximum heart rate. Participants were in small groups and performed continuous walking with arm movements and jogging. This was followed by 15–20 minutes of muscle strengthening exercises with a circuit of 8 exercises using multiple muscles. Participants carried out 1 set of 8–10 repetitions and resistance was increased according to the patient’s tolerance. This was followed by a cool-down of 10 minutes which consisted of flexibility exercises. Duration 24 weeks. Concurrent medication/care: 81.25% were taking medication for FMS (analgesic or NSAID, antidepressant or other combination).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=21)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants continued their usual treatment and daily activities which did not include any structured exercise.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=42)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 55.87 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 24 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.25–84.2% were taking concurrent medication for fibromyalgia</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sanudo 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref233" rid="niceng193er5.ref233"><sup>233</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training and aerobic exercise (n=21)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Exercise was twice weekly for 45–60 minutes. Each session included 10 minutes of warm up activities (slow walking and gently movements of progressive intensity e.g. arm swinging); 10–15 minutes of aerobic exercise at 65% to 70% of maximal heart rate, 15–20 minutes of muscle strengthening exercises (one set of 8–10 repetitions for 8 different muscle groups, with a load of 1–3kg), and 10 minutes of flexibility exercises (1 set of 3 repetitions for 8–9 different exercises, maintaining the stretched position for 30 seconds). Strengthening and flexibility exercises focused on the main areas of pain in patients with FM (deltoids, biceps, neck, hips, back and chest).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual medical treatment of fibromyalgia and continued normal daily activities which did not include structured exercise.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=41)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 24 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tomas-carus 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref252" rid="niceng193er5.ref252"><sup>252</sup></a> (Tomas-carus 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref254" rid="niceng193er5.ref254"><sup>254</sup></a>, Tomas-carus 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref253" rid="niceng193er5.ref253"><sup>253</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref116" rid="niceng193er5.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 month interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic and strength exercise (n=18)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervised training in waist high pool of warm water 3 times per week during an 8 month period. Each session 1 hour, 10 minutes warming up with slow walks and easy movements of progressive intensity, 10 minutes of aerobic exercises (60–65% maximal heart rate), 20 minutes of strength exercises using water resistance (4 sets of 10 repetitions), 10 minutes of cooling down with low intensity exercises.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=17)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Control group continuing daily activities which did not include any form of physical exercise similar to those in the therapy.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=34)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 50.8 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 19.8 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 3 months and 8 months (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Waling 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref273" rid="niceng193er5.ref273"><sup>273</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=34)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Endurance training of the shoulder muscles consisted of arm-cycling and arm exercises with rubber band resistance on the endurance level (30 RM repetition maximum).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength exercise (n=34)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Strength training consisted of neck and shoulder exercises with individualized loads of 10 to 12 maximal voluntary contractions in three sets.</p>
|
|
<p><i>NB Aerobic and strength exercise interventions pooled in the analysis</i>.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=27)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants, led by an occupational nurse, studied stress management once a week, 2 hours at a time, for 10 weeks. No exercises were performed in this group.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with work-related trapezius myalgia</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 37.7 (5.6); 31.1 (15.8) years</p>
|
|
<p>Pain duration: 6.3 (4.0); 7.3 (4.34) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At post-intervention:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li></ul>
|
|
At 3 years (follow up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Use of healthcare services</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ylinen 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref284" rid="niceng193er5.ref284"><sup>284</sup></a> (Ylinen 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref281" rid="niceng193er5.ref281"><sup>281</sup></a>, Ylinen 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref285" rid="niceng193er5.ref285"><sup>285</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=60)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>10 patients in each group, 12 day program with 5 sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes. Exercises aimed to strengthen neck flexor muscles by using an elastic rubber band to train the muscles at a resistance of 80% of maximum (15 repetitions in each direction). Following this the group performed dynamic exercises for the shoulders and upper extremities, with an individually adjusted single dumbbell, performing only 1 set for each exercise with the highest load possible to perform 15 repetitions. This was followed by exercises for the trunk and leg muscles in the same format, which was then concluded by stretching exercises for 20 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength training (n=60)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>10 patients in each group, 12 day program with 5 sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes. Exercises aimed to strengthen neck flexor muscles by lifting head up from the supine position in 3 series of 20 repetitions. Following this the group performed dynamic exercises for the shoulders and upper extremities, at 3 sets of 20 repetitions for each exercise with a pair of dumbbells each weighing 2 kg. This was followed by exercises for the trunk and leg muscles in the same format, which was then concluded by stretching exercises for 20 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>NB: Strength training interventions pooled in the analysis</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Usual care (n=60)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Performed recreational activities on assessment days. Received written information about the same stretching exercises and were advised to practice these 20 minutes 3 times a week. They were also advised to perform aerobic exercise 3 times a week.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Office workers with chronic neck pain (n=180)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 46 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not stated (but minimum 6 months)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 month follow up:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Use of healthcare services</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab5"><div id="niceng193er5.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Garcia-martinez 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref99" rid="niceng193er5.ref99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic, strength and flexibility exercise (n=14)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>3 times a week sessions for 12 weeks. Each session was 60 min long and included 10 min of warming-up with slow walks and easy movements of progressive intensity, 20 min of aerobic exercise that began at 60–70% of maximal heart rate and was gradually increased to as high as 75–85% maximum, depending on the subjects’ adaptation, 20 min of stretching and strength exercise and 10 min of cooling down with low-intensity exercises.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=14)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Subjects continued their daily activities which did not include any physical exercise.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=28)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 58.9 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of pain 10.3 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (post-intervention)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab6"><div id="niceng193er5.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acar 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref1" rid="niceng193er5.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 week intervention</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength and stretching combination (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Strength exercises for multiple muscles and neck stretching exercises. 10 sessions 5 days a week, supervised by physiotherapists.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No details.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic cervical pain (n=40)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 38(11.75) years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 46.5 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at 2 weeks (post-intervention)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rendant 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref222" rid="niceng193er5.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 month interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength and flexibility (n=39)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Exercise therapy was carried out by 6 qualified therapists. The exercises were based on a standard programme for chronic pain. Each lesson started with a warm up using a softball and was followed by repeated active cervical rotations and strengthening and flexibility exercises. The individual’s pain level was not exceeded. There were 18 sessions over a period of 6 months (1 session per week in the first 3 months, and biweekly sessions in the following 3 months).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=41)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Waiting list control participants received no intervention.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=123; third arm of study reported under strength and flexibility versus mind-body and mind-body versus usual care comparisons)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 44.6 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 3.1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 months (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain rating of 40 or more required at baseline (VAS 0–100)</p>
|
|
<p>Third arm of study reported under separate comparisons (Qi-gong).</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab7"><div id="niceng193er5.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lauche 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref160" rid="niceng193er5.ref160"><sup>160</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength, proprioception and flexibility (n=37)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants in the neck exercise group met once weekly for a 60- to 75-minute session for 12 weeks in total. This group was instructed in neck exercises, which were similar to those taught in rehabilitation programs containing exercises and education for a healthy back. Classes contained basic training of ergonomic principles (bodily alignment while standing), proprioceptive exercises, and isometric and dynamic mobilization, stretching, and strengthening neck and core exercises. The sessions opened with 5 to 10 minutes of warm-up exercises and ended with relaxation exercises. Participants also received illustrated and written information that covered the most important exercises, and they were asked to execute the exercises for at least 15 minutes each day.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=39)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants in this group were advised to continue their usual activities and therapies, but not to initiate any new therapeutic regimen for symptom management.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=114; third arm of study reported under mind-body versus usual care and strength, proprioception and flexibility versus mind-body comparisons)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 48.49 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 24 weeks (follow up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VAS score of 45 or higher (0–100) inclusion criteria.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab8"><div id="niceng193er5.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Altan 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref9" rid="niceng193er5.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12-week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Proprioception (pool-based) (n= 24)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>All patients were given two educational sessions of 1 h each for 2 days by a physiatrist about the description and available diagnosis and treatment methods of FMS. Next, they were assigned randomly into two groups by the researcher other than the one who performed the evaluation throughout the study.</p>
|
|
<p>In group 1, a pool-based exercise program was given by a physiotherapist to 25 patients in a therapeutic pool at 37°C for 35 min a day three times a week for 12 weeks. The program included warming (walking back and forth in the pool), activity (jumping in the pool and active joint motion range and stretching of the neck and the extremities), relaxation (lying supine on the water and slow swimming), and out-of-pool exercises (bending back and forth, squatting, and relaxing with deep breaths) for a period of 35 min.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=22)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Warm balneotherapy pool sessions of 35 minutes 3 times a week for 12 weeks.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia</p>
|
|
<p>Mean 43.5 (6.32) years, 43.91</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not described</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 24 weeks follow up:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab9"><div id="niceng193er5.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baptista 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref27" rid="niceng193er5.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16 week interventions:</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise (n=40)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>1 hour belly dance class twice a week for 16 weeks. Each class had a maximum of 8 students and was led by physiotherapists. Classes began with warm up, followed by movements for the day, choreography and a cool-down exercise. Participants also received a disc with music and an exercise book with all movements for the programme. From the 4th week a set sequence of movements in the form of choreography was established for training at home.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=40)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Offered intervention at the end of study.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=80)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 49.3 years</p>
|
|
<p>Pain duration not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 32 weeks (follow up, including 16 week intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bojner-Horwitz, 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref38" rid="niceng193er5.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Dance and movement therapy consisted of four main themes including; awareness of the body; movement expressions; movement, feeling, image; and differentiation of feelings and integration 1 hour session, held weekly for 6 months.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=16)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants received the intervention on completion of the study.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=36)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 57 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at 6 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carson 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref53" rid="niceng193er5.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Yoga consisted of 2 hour sessions, held weekly for 8 weeks in a group based format led by a certified, experienced yoga teacher. The intervention included meditation, breathing exercises, study of the application of yoga principles to optimal coping and gentle stretching poses and group discussions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=28)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Wait list.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=53)</p>
|
|
<p>All females</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 53.7 (SD 11.5) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function (additional outcome)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (additional outcome)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Theadom 2015)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carson 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref54" rid="niceng193er5.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Yoga delivered within group sessions by a certified yoga instructor 120 minute sessions, delivered weekly over 8 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=28)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Wait list.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=53)</p>
|
|
<p>All females</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain (additional outcome)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (additional outcome)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Theadom 2015)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Haak 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref118" rid="niceng193er5.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise – Qigong (n=29)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Total Qigong time 711.5 hours. Participants were instructed to practice Qigong at home with the support of a free instruction tape, twice a day for 20 minutes. Supervisors of the intervention were experienced Qigong masters. The sessions included internal and external methods of Qigong (influenced by oneself and influenced by the Qigong master).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=28)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=57)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 53 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of symptoms 15 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 7 weeks (follow up, including 4 week intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holmer 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref124" rid="niceng193er5.ref124"><sup>124</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise -Yoga (n=11)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Delivered by a certified yoga instructor. No further details</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=17)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No further details.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=28)</p>
|
|
<p>Age range 18 to 65 years</p>
|
|
<p>Pain duration not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lauche 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref160" rid="niceng193er5.ref160"><sup>160</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise - Tai Chi (n=38)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants in the Tai Chi group met once weekly for a 75- to 90-minute session. The Tai Chi intervention was on the basis of a popular and internationally recognized Yang style (13 forms from Mantak Chia). Each session included a warm-up of 5 to 10 minutes, the Tai Chi form practice, and 5 to 10 minutes of relaxation at the end. Tai Chi forms followed explicit protocols outlined in a training manual, as required during teacher training certification. Sessions also included educational units and breathing exercises, and they were accompanied by relaxation music. Participants received illustrated written information that covered movement sequences learned in the previous session. They were asked to practice Tai Chi outside of classes for at least 15 minutes each day.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=39)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants in this group were advised to continue their usual activities and therapies, but not to initiate any new therapeutic regimen for symptom management.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=114; third arm of study reported under strength, proprioception and flexibility versus mind-body and strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care comparisons)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 50.94 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not stated.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 24 weeks (follow up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VAS score of 45 or higher (0–100) inclusion criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref166" rid="niceng193er5.ref166"><sup>166</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise (n=7)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Qi-gong delivered in a group based format with home practice in between sessions 15 to 20 minute sessions, held weekly for 6 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=7)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Sham qi-gong delivered in a group based format with no meditation or healing sounds 15 to 20 minute sessions, held weekly for 6 weeks.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=14)</p>
|
|
<p>Sex not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Age: 18–70 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>In Cochrane review (Theadom 2015)</p>
|
|
<p>Query sham qi-gong</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lynch 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref172" rid="niceng193er5.ref172"><sup>172</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise (n=53)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Qi-gong delivered by a psychologist in a group based format in the community 3.5 day workshops held weekly with additional refresher sessions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=47)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Wait-list control.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=100)</p>
|
|
<p>Sex not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Age: not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At post-intervention (8 weeks) and 6 month follow-up:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (additional outcome)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Theadom 2015)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mannerkorpi 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref174" rid="niceng193er5.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise (n=19)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Qi-gong + relaxation, 14 group sessions of 1.5 hours, were held weekly, delivered by a physiotherapist. The treatment included various breathing, relaxation and concentration techniques conducted in a supine or standing position including qi-gong movements. The movements were individually modified to match the functional limitations of the patients and there was an opportunity for discussion about the movements with the therapist. Participants were encouraged to practice the movements in between sessions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=17)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No further details.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=36)</p>
|
|
<p>All females</p>
|
|
<p>Age: 18–65 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 14 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (additional outcome)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Theadom 2015)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Michalsen 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref192" rid="niceng193er5.ref192"><sup>192</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise – Yoga (n=38)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Weekly 90 minute yoga classes using a wide range of postures to enhance flexibility, alignment, stability and mobility in muscles joints and tendons, run by a certified yoga instructor and physician. The exercises specifically addressed neck pain complaints and each class built up on the previous one. Subjects were requested to practice at home for 10–15 minutes, 2 to 3 times a week.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=39)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Waiting list control. A standard self-care manual about exercise and education for chronic neck pain was given. The manual described exercises that could be carried out to aid chronic neck pain and participants were asked to practice at home for 10–15 minutes at least 3 times a week.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=77)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 47.9 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 6.55 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 10 weeks (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain score of at least 4 on VAS 0–10 scale.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rendant 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref222" rid="niceng193er5.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 month interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise – Qigong (n=42)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Qigong was performed by three qualified teachers certified by the German Qigong Society. Each session of qigong took 90 minutes. Neiyanggong, a special silent and slow form of qigong was chosen by the therapist in a consensus process. The lessons started with up to 12 neck exercises followed by 9 exercises for the shoulder and finished with breathing and moving exercises. There were 18 sessions over a period of 6 months (1 session per week in the first 3 months, and biweekly sessions in the following 3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=41)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Waiting list control participants received no intervention.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=123; third arm of study reported under strength and flexibility versus usual care and strength and flexibility versus mind-body comparisons)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 44.6 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 3.1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 months (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain rating of 40 or more required at baseline (VAS 0–100)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Von trott 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref271" rid="niceng193er5.ref271"><sup>271</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>(n=38) Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise - Qigong.</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Twenty-four sessions (each 45 minutes), held over a period of 12 weeks, in groups of 6–12 participants. Qigong lessons started with about 10 minutes of typical qigong ‘opening’ exercises, continued with up to 4 exercises of Dantian Qigong, and finished with about 10 minutes of ‘closing’ exercises.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>(n=40) Intervention 2: Usual care</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Waiting list control participants did not receive Qigong or exercise therapy.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Office workers with chronic neck pain (n=78)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 76 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 18.6 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 24 weeks follow up:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wong 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref278" rid="niceng193er5.ref278"><sup>278</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise - Tai Chi (n=18)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervised sessions 3 times a week for 12 weeks. In the first session, the instructor explained the theory behind tai chi and its procedures providing participants with printed materials on its principles and techniques. In subsequent sessions, participants practiced 10 forms from the classic Yang style of tai chi. The sessions lasted approximately 55 minutes and included a 10 minute warm up, 40 minutes of practice and exercise finalising with a final 5 minute cool down period. During the sessions, the participants’ heart rate was 40–50% of the HR reserve as they imitated the instructors’ motion at the same speed. HR during training sessions was monitored using a polar device.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=19)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants did not participate in any supervised or unsupervised exercise protocol and were asked to maintain their regular lifestyle habits for the duration of the study.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=37)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 51 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 27.5 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wu 1999<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref279" rid="niceng193er5.ref279"><sup>279</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise – Qigong (n=13)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>6 sessions of qigong training with 2 recognised qigong masters. Sessions included musical compositions and visual images which were coded to represent specific organ systems which qi is believed to stimulate. Each session lasted 40 minutes twice a week for 3 weeks, followed by 7 weeks of home exercises on a daily basis.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Usual care (n=13)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Involving sham qigong. 6 sessions of simulated qigong training led by a simulated qigong master, in order to maximise nonspecific treatment effects. Participants were shown visual images and listened to recorded music similar to that in the qigong group. After this time a simulated qi adjustment was performed by the facilitator. Each session lasted for 40 minutes. This was followed by 7 weeks of home exercises.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Complex regional pain syndrome type I (late-stage) (n=26)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 38.5 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 10 weeks (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Participants were required to have failed to achieve 50% pain reduction through drug therapy or palliative physical or chiropractic therapy</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab10"><div id="niceng193er5.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumpcao 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref23" rid="niceng193er5.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Flexibility (n=18)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Patients underwent a 12 week supervised exercise program of 40-minute sessions performed twice a week. Segmental active muscle stretching was conducted without therapist assistance. Large muscles were chosen for their role in the muscular chains of global posture. Patients started with three repetitions up to a maximum of 5 by week 9. The stretch was held until the point of moderate discomfort, for 30 seconds</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Usual care (n=16)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual medical treatment. After 12 weeks patients were reassessed and offered physical therapy based on stretching and resistance training.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=36)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 47 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60% were taking concomitant medication for fibromyalgia (antidepressants, analgesics, anti-inflammatories or psychotropic medication)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab11"><div id="niceng193er5.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bircan 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref34" rid="niceng193er5.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=15)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Aerobic exercise program comprised walking on treadmill, initially for 20 min and increasing up to 30 min as the patient tolerated. Exercise intensity was adjusted to generate heart rates equivalent to 60–70% of age-adjusted maxi- mum heart rates (220 ¡ age in years). Heart rate monitoring was performed by using a pulse oximeter (Nonin Medical, Inc., MN, USA). At the beginning and end of each session mild stretches were included for 5 min.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength training (n=15)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Patients received a supervised, progressive physical training program in a group setting with muscle strength exercises performed in the standing, sitting, and lying positions. Exercises strengthened the upper and lower limb muscles and trunk muscles, initially with 4–5 repetitions and progressing to 12 repetitions gradually. Free weights and body weight were used for strength. Patients began with resistance levels they could do easily, and weight was increased gradually according to patient’s tolerance. Exercise sessions began with a low intensity warm up of marching in place and gentle stretching for 5 min, followed by 30 min of muscle strength, and concluded with 5 min of cool down and stretching.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=30)</p>
|
|
<p>All female</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 47.2 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 4.2 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (additional outcome)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ericsson 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref80" rid="niceng193er5.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=17)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Pool exercise programme. 50 minute sessions in groups of 6–8 participants twice a week for 12 weeks, supervised by a physiotherapist. Sessions included aerobic exercise with endurance, strength, flexibility, coordination and relaxation. Patients were instructed to exercise at their own rhythm and modify exercises with respect to thresholds of pain and fatigue. They were encouraged to increase intensity and resistance with or without water equipment, based on the rate of perceived exertion on the Borg scale.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>(n=17) Intervention 2: Strength training</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Twice a week sessions for 12 weeks with free weights and resistance machines in groups of 8–10 patients, supervised by a physiotherapist. The sessions lasted approximately 1 hour and include exercises for multiple main muscle groups. Load was increased from 40% to 80% of one repetition maximum established at baseline. Participants performed 3 sets with 15–20 repetitions of each exercise, when the load increased they performed 2 sets but fewer repetitions. All sessions started with 10 minute warm up on an ergometer bicycle.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=34)</p>
|
|
<p>All male</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 59 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 5.3 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hooten 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref125" rid="niceng193er5.ref125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=36)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Stationary bicycle exercises supervised by a physical therapist. Sessions also had a warm up and cool down and intensity of exercises was gradually increased to achieve 70–75% of maximal heart rate based on age. Exercise started at 10 minutes daily during week 1 (5 times a week), 15 minutes in week 2 and up to 20 to 30 minutes daily during week 3.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength training (n=36)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Upper and lower body strengthening exercises were performed daily using resistive techniques, all supervised by a physical therapist with experience in treating patients with fibromyalgia. Each daily strength training session was 25–30 minutes in duration and also involved a warm up and cool down period. Participants were encouraged to train at the maximal amount of load tolerated, using one set of 10 repetitions.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=72)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 46.5 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 12.5 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 3 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kayo 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref142" rid="niceng193er5.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=30)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervised indoor or outdoor walking, three times a week for 60 minutes (5–10 minutes stretching, walking and 5 minutes cool down).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength training (n=30)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervised exercise protocol consisting of 11 free active exercises for upper and lower limbs and trunk muscles, with free weights and body weight performed in the standing, sitting, and lying positions. Sessions were three times a week for 60 minutes. Exercise load and intensity increased every 2 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>Participants in all groups were asked to discontinue tricyclic antidepressants but were allowed to use acetaminophen (paracetamol) for pain</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>All female</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 47.7 (5.3); 46.7 (6.3); 46.1 (6.4) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 4.0 (3.1); 4.7 (5.7); 5.4 (3.5) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 28 weeks (follow up, including 16 weeks intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sevimli 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref242" rid="niceng193er5.ref242"><sup>242</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>12-week interventions. Intervention 1 and 2 pooled.</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise – Swimming (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Pool based aquatic aerobic exercise programme with group therapy 2 times a week. Duration was 40 minutes in the first month, 45 in the second month and 50 minutes in the final month.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Aerobic exercise - Other aerobic exercise (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Gymnastic-based aerobic exercise programme with group therapy 2 times a week. Duration was 40 minutes in the first month, 45 in the second month and 50 minutes in the final month. No further details.</p>
|
|
<p><i>NB Aerobic exercise interventions pooled in the analysis</i>.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Strength training (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Isometric strength and stretching exercise program lasting 15 minutes per day. Three minute loadings with 30 seconds rest between 3 sets of low to moderate intensity were repeated in the first month of the exercise programme, and in the second month this was increased to high intensity loadings of 4 sets, and in the third month rest intervals were reduced to 10 seconds with 5 sets of 3 minute loadings.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=75)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 35 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab12"><div id="niceng193er5.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mannerkorpi 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref176" rid="niceng193er5.ref176"><sup>176</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>60 minutes 3 times weekly. After a 10-minute preliminary warm-up exercise, patients were subjected to sustained heart rate elevation training through the use of a bicycle ergometer. Heart rates were maintained in excess of 150 beats per minute for gradually increasing time periods, and were monitored with a Sanyo HRM-97E digital pulse meter.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>(n=20) Intervention 2: Flexibility.</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants met at similar intervals but at different times over the same 20-week observation period. Instruction was administered in a group setting by the same instructors as for CVR training, but consisted only of flexibility manoeuvres, such that sustained heart rate responses greater than 115 beats per minute were not attained.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=40)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 42 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 20 weeks post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Medication for pain discontinued at least 3 weeks before entry into the trial (patients receiving amitriptyline within the previous 3 months were excluded).</p>
|
|
<p>Paracetamol allowed if required.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mccain 1986<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref182" rid="niceng193er5.ref182"><sup>182</sup></a>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref183" rid="niceng193er5.ref183"><sup>183</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=18)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Three times a week programme. Participants had sustained heart rate elevated training via a bicycle ergometer. Heart rates were maintained in excess of 150 beats per minute for gradually incremental durations.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>(n=16) Intervention 2: Flexibility</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants met at similar intervals to the aerobic group. Exercise consisted of flexibility manoeuvres such that sustained heart rate responses were over 115 beats per minute were not attained.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=34)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 43 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 20 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Valim 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref259" rid="niceng193er5.ref259"><sup>259</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=38)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Walking programme monitored and supervised by a physiotherapist 3 times a week, with 45 minute duration for 20 weeks. Speed was determined by the training heart rate Patients cool down after each session consisted of making rhythmic movements to promote cooling off for 5 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Flexibility (n=38)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>3 sessions a week of 45 minute duration including 17 stretching exercises using both muscles and joints. Each position sustained for maximum 30 seconds (supervised by physiotherapist).</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=76)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 46.8 years</p>
|
|
<p>Pain duration not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 10 and 20 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acetaminophen allowed as rescue treatment.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab13"><div id="niceng193er5.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">de Medeiros 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref69" rid="niceng193er5.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=21)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Aquatic aerobics involved six main exercises lasting 30 min with different intensities. Two warm-up exercises and two cool-down exercises were performed before and after the program. Each session lasted 40 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Biomechanical exercise (n=21)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Mat Pilates was used in groups of up to 4 women. The focus of the sessions was on centralization, concentration, control, precision, breathing and flow. Nine exercises were performed for the main muscle groups with progressions each month. The exercises were initially performed in 1 series of 8 repetitions in the first month. Then they were performed in 2 sets of 10 repetitions in the second month. Finally, they were performed in 3 sets of 8 repetitions in the last month. Three Swiss ball relaxation exercises were performed in 1 set of 30 s each (Fig. 2a.10 to a.12) at the end of each session. Each session lasted 50 minutes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=42)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 50.7 (9.7); 45.5 (10.6) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab14"><div id="niceng193er5.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sanudo 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref234" rid="niceng193er5.ref234"><sup>234</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Mixed modality exercise (n=21)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Combined supervised aerobic exercise and resistance exercise. Resistance included 1 set of 8–10 reps for 8 different muscle groups with a load of 1–3 kg, flexibility included 1 set of 3 reps of 8–9 different exercises, maintaining stretch position for 30 seconds. The exercises focused on main areas of pain in patients with fibromyalgia (deltoids, biceps, neck (trapezius), hops (gluteus, quadriceps), back/chest/torso (latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and abdominals)). Twice a week, each session including 10 minutes warm-up, 10–15 minutes aerobic exercise, 15–20 minutes resistance, 10 minutes flexibility.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=22)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Warm-up included slow walks, easy movements of progressive intensity, steady state aerobics included continuous walking with arm movements and jogging, interval training included aerobic dance and jogging, cool-down included slow walks, easy movements, relaxation training. Twice a week for 45–60 minutes (10 minutes warm-up, 5–10 minutes cool down, 15–20 minutes steady aerobics, 15 minutes interval training).</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=64 ; third arm of study reported under aerobic versus usual care comparison)</p>
|
|
<p>Females only</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 55.9 (1.6); 55.9 (1.7); 56.6 (1.9) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 24 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab15"><div id="niceng193er5.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Giubilei 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref106" rid="niceng193er5.ref106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic and Strength exercise (n=52)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>18 week walking program, 3 times per week. Each exercise session included a warm up and cool down regimen of slow paced walking, specific postural muscle and isometric strengthening exercises, and 40 minutes of fast paced walking on in-outdoor track, at 70–80% of maximum heart rate</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Flexibility (n=51)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants participated in a flexibility and motion exercise program for the same period of time and frequency as the aerobic group. Patients were instructed about the correct exercise execution and were advised to maintain their heart rate under 110bpm. Exercises were simply stretches with some motion exercises such as leg lifts.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (n=103)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 36.7 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 5.72 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks and18 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab16"><div id="niceng193er5.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref274" rid="niceng193er5.ref274"><sup>274</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise and flexibility (n=75)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Each session lasted 60 minutes and ran twice a week for 24 weeks. Participants were encouraged to integrate at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise into their daily routine during the intervention, and to continue this throughout the 52 week follow up. Sessions were closely supervised in a group format and were moderate intensity. Each session consisted of an active warm-up, choreographed aerobic training that progressed gradually from low to moderate intensity and a cool down involving low intensity movements and dynamic and static stretching. During the first week there was a 15 minute warm up, 20 minutes of aerobic training and 25 minutes of cool-down, which increased to 40 minutes of aerobic training by week 10 to (at 60–70% of estimated maximum heart rate).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Mind-body exercise - Tai Chi (n=36)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Each session lasted 60 minutes and ran twice a week for 24 weeks. Participants were encouraged to integrate at least 30 minutes of tai chi into their daily routine during the intervention, and to continue this throughout the 52 week follow up. Sessions were run by experienced instructors and sessions were recorded to monitor quality and provide feedback to instructors. Participants also received printed materials on tai chi principles and fibromyalgia. The sessions included warm up, meditative movements, breathing techniques and various relaxation methods.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=111)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 51 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain 12.5 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 1 year follow up (including 24 week intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab17"><div id="niceng193er5.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gomez-Hernandez 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref108" rid="niceng193er5.ref108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise and stretching (n=32)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Aerobic exercise was identical to intervention 2 (as described). Additionally, 45 minutes of stretching was carried out once per week. Each session consisted of three repetitions of 10 seconds for each trunk muscle and two repetitions of 10 seconds for each extremity muscle. After each repetition, there was a 10-second pause.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Aerobic exercise (n=32)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervised cycling, with each session consisting of 2-minute cycling warm-up and 10 minutes of moderateintensity cycling (50%–70% of predicted maximum heart rate). Three times per week for 12 minutes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=64)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 54.27 (6.94) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 4 weeks and 12 weeks (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 week outcomes are measured before end of intervention.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab18"><div id="niceng193er5.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carvalho 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref55" rid="niceng193er5.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception (n=16)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>An exergame programme performed on a Nintendo Wii system. The programme consisted of 6 sub games, which included jogging, a game involving active movement of the upper limbs in isolation from weight and balance training, yoga, a Hula Hoop game involving action of the trunk muscles and balance control, a step game involving alternating movements of lower limbs and balance, and a stationary walking game. This was performed three times per week for 1 hour.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Flexibility (n=19)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Chain muscle stretching technique, which involved 9 stretching positions, held for 4 deep and prolonged breaths. These positions were chosen to include standing, sitting and lying positions, and to engage all muscle groups. The sessions were performed 3 times per week for 1 hour.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=35)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 55.64 (9.16); 47.70 (15.46) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 9.91 (7.29); 14.65 (12.14) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 7 weeks (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Qualtiy of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab19"><div id="niceng193er5.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lansinger 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref157" rid="niceng193er5.ref157"><sup>157</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=62)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Exercise therapy was performed individually and the training programme was adjusted for each participant. A physiotherapist instructed the participants throughout the training programme, which focused mainly on the cervical and shoulder/thoracic region. Each training session started with a warm up on a stationary bicycle for about 10 minutes, followed by 40 minutes of dynamic exercises. These exercises consisted of active movements aimed to increase range of motion in all neck directions and muscle exercises aimed to maintain/increase circulation, endurance and strength. The amount of load was individualised and was maintained within pain tolerance (aimed not to increase pain). The load at the muscle exercises was to achieve between 30% and 70% of maximum muscle capacity and was gradually increased as endurance and strength were gained. The exercises were performed with low resistance, allowing 20–30 repetitions of maximal voluntary contractions in three sets. 12 sessions in 3 months.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Intervention 2: Mind-body exercise – Qigong</b> (<b>n=60)</b></p>
|
|
<p>10–12 1 hour sessions conducted on a weekly or biweekly basis over 3 months. Qigong was performed according to medical qigong which is a modality of traditional Chinese medicine and is a way of affecting and directing qi (energy) for medical benefit. Each qigong exercise includes body posture and gentle movement, meditation (concentration) and purposeful relaxation, breathing regulation practice and self-administered massage. Qigong was conducted in groups of 10–15 participants.12 sessions in 3 months.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Non-specific neck pain for at least 12 weeks (n=122)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 43.8 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 60% for 1–10 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Inclusion criteria minimum VAS rating of 20 (0–100 scale)</p>
|
|
<p>Both groups received verbal ergonomic advice for both work and free time, as well as an information pamphlet on neck pain</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ulug 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref257" rid="niceng193er5.ref257"><sup>257</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength exercise (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Isometric exercise. In the sitting position, participants were instructed to place their hands firstly on the front (then the other sides) of their heads and push forward, but resist any movement of the head while maintaining the head and neck in the neutral position for 5 s. They were encouraged to do these exercises in 2 sets of 30 repetitions per day.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Mind-body exercise (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Four Iyengar yoga exercises were taught to participants. They were told to maintain each yoga posture starting from at least 10–20 s in the following days. They were encouraged to do these exercises in 2 sets of 10 repetitions per day.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic neck pain (>3 months) (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 44.6 (4.3); 35.9 (9.8)</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 58.8 (63.3); 56 (60.1) months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks (follow-up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All participants also received physical therapy 5 days a wweek for 3 weeks, including hot pack, ultrasound and conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab20"><div id="niceng193er5.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ulug 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref257" rid="niceng193er5.ref257"><sup>257</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength exercise (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Isometric exercise. In the sitting position, participants were instructed to place their hands firstly on the front (then the other sides) of their heads and push forward, but resist any movement of the head while maintaining the head and neck in the neutral position for 5 s. They were encouraged to do these exercises in 2 sets of 30 repetitions per day.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Biomechanical (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Pilates involved participants being taught how to activate their deep abdominal muscles (transversus abdominis and multifidus) using visual imagery, verbal cueing or demonstrations. Five key elements of Pilates, including lateral costal breathing, centering (pelvic placement), ribcage placement, shoulder blade placement, head and neck placement, were taught. Four Pilates beginner mat exercises, including double-leg stretch level, shoulder bridge level, arm openings level and breast stroke level, were taught and patients were encouraged to perform these exercises in 2 sets of 10 repetitions per day.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic neck pain (>3 months) (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 44.6 (4.3); 38.7 (7.9)</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 58.8 (63.3); 55.1 (47) months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks (follow-up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All participants also received physical therapy 5 days a week for 3 weeks, including hot pack, ultrasound and conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab21"><div id="niceng193er5.tab21" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 21</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumpcao 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref23" rid="niceng193er5.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=19)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>12 week supervised resistance training programme of 40-minute sessions performed twice a week with progressive overload. Equipment included dumbbells, shin pads. No load was used in the first 2 sessions, after which time 0.5kg was added each week if the patient identified the effort as slightly intense on the Borg scale. 8 repetitions for: triceps, quadriceps, hip adductors and abductors, hip flexors, elbow flexors and extensors, pectoralis major and rhomboids.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Flexibility (n=18)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Patients underwent a 12 week supervised exercise program of 40-minute sessions performed twice a week. Segmental active muscle stretching was conducted without therapist assistance. Large muscles were chosen for their role in the muscular chains of global posture. Patients started with three repetitions up to a maximum of 5 by week 9. The stretch was held until the point of moderate discomfort, for 30 seconds</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=37)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 47 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60% were taking concomitant medication for fibromyalgia (antidepressants, analgesics, anti-inflammatories or psychotropic medication)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gavi 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref100" rid="niceng193er5.ref100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=40)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>45 minute sessions 2 times a week for 16 weeks. Supervised progressive training in standing and sitting positions using weight machines. Moderate intensity with load of 45% the estimated maximum. Multiple muscle groups were trained in 12 different exercises, with 3 sets of 12 repetitions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Flexibility (n=40)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>45 minute sessions 2 times a week for 16 weeks. Stretching of the major muscles. No further details.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=80)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 47.61 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 16 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7% were taking benzodiazepines or amitriptyline concurrently</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref136" rid="niceng193er5.ref136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=28)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervised dynamic resistance exercise for lower and upper limbs and trunk using hand weight (1–3 lb (0.45–1.36 kg)) and elastic tubing; minimization of eccentric work (a videotape to guide home practice of the strengthening exercise regimen was provided to participants). Twice a week for 60 minutes, progressing from 4–12 reps.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Flexibility (n=28)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Supervised static stretches (a videotape to guide home practice of the flexibility exercise regimen was provided to participants). Twice a week for 60 minutes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=56)</p>
|
|
<p>All females</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 46.4 (8.6) to 49.2 (6.3) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 6.9 (6.6) to 7.7 (5.5) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Busch 2013)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab22"><div id="niceng193er5.tab22" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Salo 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref230" rid="niceng193er5.ref230"><sup>230</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12-month interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Combined strength training and flexibility (n=49)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants used elastic rubber bands attached around the head for the isometric neck strength exercises. During each session they performed a series of 15 repetitions directly forward, obliquely toward the right and left and directly backwards. The aim was to reach the level of resistance that was 80% of the patient’s maximum isometric neck strength. In each exercise session, the patients also performed a single series of 15 repetitions of dynamic exercises for the shoulders and upper extremities with an individually adjusted highest load. These exercises involved shrugs, presses, curls, bent over rows, flyers and pullovers using dumbbells. The training programme also involved a single series of squats, sit ups and back extension exercises that used only the patient’s own body weight; these exercises were performed until muscle tiredness. The training session included stretching exercises for the neck, shoulder, and upper limb muscles with the exercise for each muscle lasting 30 seconds and repeated 3 times. Supervised meetings were conducted once a week for 6 weeks, then one session was conducted every second month for a total of 10 sessions over the 12 month period. Each group had 6–8 participants.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Flexibility (n=52)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Those in the stretching group performed the same stretching exercises to the other group.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=101)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 40.5 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain 62 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 months post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Both groups were instructed to perform their exercises at home regularly three times a week and to keep a weekly exercise diary throughout the year. Both groups received written information about the exercises.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab23"><div id="niceng193er5.tab23" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 23</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab23_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cramer 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref65" rid="niceng193er5.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>9 week interventions.</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength and flexibility exercise (manual based) (n=26)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants received a self-care manual to relieve neck pain and stiffness. The manual described and depicted a staged seated exercise program for the neck and shoulder region. The program began with taking a proper upright sitting posture, followed by stretching exercises for the neck and shoulders. Then, strength exercises and isometric exercises for the neck-shoulder region were performed. Patients were required to practice at home for 10 minutes each day and to record their practice in a diary.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Mind-body exercise – Yoga (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>90 minute weekly classes of 10–15 participants over 9 weeks. Designed for patients with chronic neck pain without previous experience in yoga. Each class consisted of 8 to 11 yoga postures chosen from a pool of 14 standing, sitting and supine postures, starting with relatively simple postures and succeeding to more complex ones. The focus of postures was given on lengthening and strength muscles of the neck and shoulder region and to improve stability and posture. Patients were required to practice at home for 10 minutes each day. Patients received a manual describing and depicting 3 basic standing and 3 basic sitting postures.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Non-specific neck pain for at least the previous 12 weeks (n=51)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 47.8 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain 8.1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 9 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Participants in both groups were allowed to continue their usual pain medication and physical activity. They were asked not to change their treatment regimen during the course of the study and to daily record pain medications and other treatments for neck pain in their diaries.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rendant 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref222" rid="niceng193er5.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>6 month interventions</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength and flexibility training (n=39)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Exercise therapy was carried out by 6 qualified therapists. The exercises was based on a standard programme for chronic pain. Each lesson started with a warm up using a softball and was followed by repeated active cervical rotations and strengthening and flexibility exercises. The individual’s pain level was not exceeded. There were 18 sessions over a period of 6 months (1 session per week in the first 3 months, and biweekly sessions in the following 3 months).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Mind-body exercise – Qigong (n=42)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Qigong was performed by three qualified teachers certified by the German Qigong Society. Each session of qigong took 90 minutes. Neiyanggong, a special silent and slow form of qigong was chosen by the therapist in a consensus process. The lessons started with up to 12 neck exercises followed by 9 exercises for the shoulder and finished with breathing and moving exercises. There were 18 sessions over a period of 6 months (1 session per week in the first 3 months, and biweekly sessions in the following 3 months).</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=123; third arm of study reported under strength and flexibility versus usual care and mind-body versus usual care comparisons)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 44.6 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 3.3 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 months (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain rating of 40 or more required at baseline (VAS 0–100)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Von trott 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref271" rid="niceng193er5.ref271"><sup>271</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength and flexibility training (n=39)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>24 sessions (each 45 minutes) at 2 sessions per week with groups of 6–12. A standardised programme for computer and workplace related neck pain. It included repeated active cervical rotations as well and strength and flexibility exercises. Special intention as paid so that the patients’ individual pain limits were not exceeded. About 90% of the exercises were repeated in each lesion; some 10% was exchanged regularly.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Mind-body exercises – Qigong (n=38)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Twenty-four sessions (each 45 minutes), held over a period of 12 weeks, in groups of 6–12 participants. Qigong lessons started with about 10 minutes of typical qigong ‘opening’ exercises, continued with up to 4 exercises of Dantian Qigong, and finished with about 10 minutes of ‘closing’ exercises.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Office workers with chronic neck pain (n=77)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 76 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 18.6 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 24 weeks follow up:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab24"><div id="niceng193er5.tab24" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab24_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lauche 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref160" rid="niceng193er5.ref160"><sup>160</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength, proprioception and flexibility training (n=37)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants in the neck exercise group met once weekly for a 60- to 75-minute session for 12 weeks in total. This group was instructed in neck exercises, which were similar to those taught in rehabilitation programs containing exercises and education for a healthy back. Classes contained basic training of ergonomic principles (bodily alignment while standing), proprioceptive exercises, and isometric and dynamic mobilization, stretching, and strengthening neck and core exercises. The sessions opened with 5 to 10 minutes of warm-up exercises and ended with relaxation exercises. Participants also received illustrated and written information that covered the most important exercises, and they were asked to execute the exercises for at least 15 minutes each day.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Mind-body exercise - Tai Chi (n=38)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants in the Tai Chi group met once weekly for a 75- to 90-minute session. The Tai Chi intervention was on the basis of a popular and internationally recognized Yang style (13 forms from Mantak Chia). Each session included a warm-up of 5 to 10 minutes, the Tai Chi form practice, and 5 to 10 minutes of relaxation at the end. Tai Chi forms followed explicit protocols outlined in a training manual, as required during teacher training certification. Sessions also included educational units and breathing exercises, and they were accompanied by relaxation music. Participants received illustrated written information that covered movement sequences learned in the previous session. They were asked to practice Tai Chi outside of classes for at least 15 minutes each day.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=114; third arm of study reported under mind-body versus usual care and strength, proprioception and flexibility versus mind-body comparisons)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 49.53 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not stated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 24 weeks (follow up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VAS score of 45 or higher (0–100) inclusion criteria.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab25"><div id="niceng193er5.tab25" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab25_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gallego Izquierdo 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref97" rid="niceng193er5.ref97"><sup>97</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=14)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Cranio-cervical flexion training led by physiotherapists. Low load training of flexor muscles to target deep flexors and aiming to minimize the activation of the superficial flexor muscles. The patient initially performed CCF to sequentially reach 5 pressure targets in 2 mmHg increments from a baseline of 20 mmHg to the final level of 30 mmHg. Once one set of 10 repetitions of 10 s was achieved at one target level, the exercise was progressed to train at the next target level up to the final target of 10 repetitions of 10 s at 30 mmHg. The exercise load prescribed to each patient was based on their assessment performance. Participants were taught to do exercises at home without biofeedback</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Proprioceptive exercise (n=14)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants trained in cervical proprioception following the protocol described by Revel et al. This regime consisted of exercises of head relocation, eye-follow, gaze stability and eye-head coordination. All active movements of the cervical spine (flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion) were performed. All exercises were progressed by increasing the speed and range of motion of the target and with participants in a standing position.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain for at least 3 months (n=28)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 29.2 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of pain not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab26"><div id="niceng193er5.tab26" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab26_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calandre 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref50" rid="niceng193er5.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise (n=39)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Tai chi was performed in a pool with water heated at 36 ° and was preceded by a shower with warm water to condition patients’ bodies. A trained physiotherapist adjusted the movement intensity to meet individual needs and participants were taught the 16 movements which constitute tai chi therapy. Both groups received 18 sessions of 60 minutes, delivered 3 times per week for 6 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Flexibility (n=42)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Stretching was facilitated using supportive aids such as long wooden sticks, flexible strings and tubes to stretch muscles in the cervical, upper and lower extremities and trunk. Both groups received 18 sessions of 60 minutes, delivered 3 times per week for 6 weeks.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=81)</p>
|
|
<p>Female:Male 73:8</p>
|
|
<p>Age: 32 to 69 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 3 months (follow-up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (additional outcome)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Theadom 2015)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab27"><div id="niceng193er5.tab27" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab27_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ulug 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref257" rid="niceng193er5.ref257"><sup>257</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Four Iyengar yoga exercises were taught to participants. They were told to maintain each yoga posture starting from at least 10–20 s in the following days. They were encouraged to do these exercises in 2 sets of 10 repetitions per day.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Biomechanical (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Pilates involved participants being taught how to activate their deep abdominal muscles (transversus abdominis and multifidus) using visual imagery, verbal cueing or demonstrations. Five key elements of Pilates, including lateral costal breathing, centering (pelvic placement), ribcage placement, shoulder blade placement, head and neck placement, were taught. Four Pilates beginner mat exercises, including double-leg stretch level, shoulder bridge level, arm openings level and breast stroke level, were taught and patients were encouraged to perform these exercises in 2 sets of 10 repetitions per day.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic neck pain (>3 months) (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 35.9 (9.8); 38.7 (7.9)</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 56 (60.1); 55.1 (47) months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks (follow-up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All participants also received physical therapy 5 days a week for 3 weeks, including hot pack, ultrasound and conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab28"><div id="niceng193er5.tab28" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab28_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Richards 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref224" rid="niceng193er5.ref224"><sup>224</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Flexibility and relaxation (n=67)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Comprised of upper and lower limb stretches and relaxation techniques based on the published regimen by Ost. As the classes continued more techniques were introduced progressing through progressive muscle relaxation, release only relaxation and visualisation, cue controlled relaxation, and differential relaxation. This occupied the whole one hour class. The sessions were carried out twice weekly.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Aerobic exercise (n=69)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Both groups met in hour-long classes of up to 18 individuals twice weekly for 12 weeks. The interventions were carried out by personal trainers. Exercise therapy comprised an individualised aerobic exercise programme, mostly walking on treadmills and cycling on exercise bicycles. Each individual was encouraged to increase the amount of exercise steadily as tolerated. When people first started classes they usually did two periods of exercise per class lasting six minutes. By 12 weeks they were doing two periods of 25 minutes at an intensity that made them sweat slightly while being able to talk comfortably in complete sentences.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=136)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 46.5 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain 5 years (median)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life (12 months)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (12 weeks, post-intervention)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Participants continued their medication at entry. They received standardised advice including an explanation of fibromyalgia and encouragement and were told that the exercise offered through prescription would improve their condition. Each week at the classes all individuals received an information leaflet covering an aspect of their condition.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab29"><div id="niceng193er5.tab29" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 29</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab29_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kibar 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref147" rid="niceng193er5.ref147"><sup>147</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Flexibility and proprioception exercises (n=35)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Balance exercises included postures that gradually reduced the base of support, dynamic movements that disturbed the centre of gravity, exercises that stressed the postural muscle groups and exercises that reduced sensory input (standing with eyes closed). Training was provided by an experienced physiotherapist for 20 sessions over a 4 week period (20 minutes for each session, 5 days/week). The group also received 5 minutes of static and 5 minutes of dynamic balance training with a KAT device 3 days/week. For flexibility, active static exercises were performed in order to enable compliance to exercise and its maintenance without being forced. Exercises were performed in 8 large muscle groups in three 60-second static stretching repetitions. Ten minutes of walking in place was also recommended as warm up.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>(n=33) Intervention 2: Flexibility</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>As per the flexibility section of the combined intervention described above.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=68)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 48.14 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab30"><div id="niceng193er5.tab30" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 30</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab30_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ericsson 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref81" rid="niceng193er5.ref81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=67)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Exercise sessions were twice a week for 15 weeks at physiotherapy premises and at a local gym and were supervised by experienced physiotherapists. The exercise program was standardized and performed in groups of five to seven participants but the load was adjusted individually. The exercise session started with 10 minutes of warm up followed by 50 minutes of resistance exercises focused on large muscle groups in all four extremities and trunk. The resistance exercise was initiated at 40 % of 1 repetition maximum (RM) and progressed up to 80 % of 1 RM during the 15 weeks. Possibilities for progression of loads were evaluated every 3–4 weeks. Forty-two participants (62.7 %) in the resistance exercise group reached exercise loads of 80 % of 1 RM while seven participants (10.4 %) reached exercise loads of 60 % of 1 RMv. This was followed by 10 minutes of stretching exercises</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>(n=63) Intervention 2: Relaxation therapy</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Performed twice a week for 15 weeks, guided by experienced physiotherapists and conducted at physiotherapy premises in groups of five to eight participants. It was performed as autogenic training. which refers to a series of mental exercises including autosuggestion and relaxation. The relaxation therapy lasted for approximately 25 minutes, followed by stretching exercises.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=130)</p>
|
|
<p>Aged 22 to 64 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 15 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fontaine 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref94" rid="niceng193er5.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=43)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Walking (the most common form of life physical activity) and other forms (e.g., gardening/mowing the lawn) of household activity (e.g., vacuuming); and sports activity (e.g., cycling, swimming, field hockey). Frequency of 5–7 times per week for 60 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Education (n=26)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Education, question and answer, and social support. Frequency of once per month for 90–120 minutes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=69)</p>
|
|
<p>All female</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 46.4 (11.6); 49 (10.2) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 5.9 (5.1); 9.6 (6.8) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gavish 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref101" rid="niceng193er5.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=10)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Chewing exercise. Two units of sugarless chewing gum were chewed three times daily for 10 minutes (weeks 1 and 2), increasing to 15 minutes three times daily (weeks 5 and 6), and 30 minutes 3 times daily (weeks 7 and 8). Patients were instructed to chew at their own rate. All patients received a detailed explanation of their disorder, its cyclic nature and possible aetiology at the initial examination. They then received a detailed description of the chewing exercise protocol (at session 1). Sessions 2, 3, and 4 were to report patient’s condition, reassurance, support, and encouragement. They also reported their performance.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Pain education (n=10)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>All patients received a detailed explanation of their disorder, its cyclic nature and possible aetiology at the initial examination. Sessions 2, 3, and 4 were to report patient’s condition, reassurance, support, and encouragement.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Masticatory muscle pain for at least 6 months (n=20)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 27.2 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria of age 20–45 years</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref136" rid="niceng193er5.ref136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Mind-body exercise (n=51)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Tai chi delivered in a group based format 90 minute sessions delivered twice weekly for 12 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Education (n=50)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Education sessions delivered in a group based format on fibromyalgia, healthy eating, education based CBT strategies, sleep hygiene and lifestyle management 90 minute sessions delivered twice weekly for 12 weeks.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=101)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 51.4 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of pain 18.4 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function (additional outcome)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (additional outcome)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Theadom 2015)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">King 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref152" rid="niceng193er5.ref152"><sup>152</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=42)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Walking, aquacise (deep and shallow water), or low impact aerobics. Three times a week starting at 10–15 minutes and progressing to 20–40 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Education (n=41)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Educational session provided by a multidisciplinary team. Topics focused on potential causes of fibromyalgia, principles of self-management (goal setting, maximizing energy for household chores or personal activities, pain or fatigue coping strategies, benefits of exercise, evaluating alternative therapies, and barriers to behaviour change). Once a week for 1.5–2 hours.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=170; third arm of study reported under aerobic versus usual care comparison)</p>
|
|
<p>Females only</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 45.2 (9.4); 44.9 (10); 47.4 (9); 47.3 (7.3) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 7.8; 10.9; 8.9; 9.6 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 24 weeks (follow up including 12 week intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martin 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref179" rid="niceng193er5.ref179"><sup>179</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic, Strength training (n=30)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants met 3 times a week for 6 weeks and participated in 1 h supervised exercise program. The program included 20 minutes walking at a pace sufficient to raise heart rate to 60–80% of maximum, 20 minutes of flexibility and strength training for multiple muscles.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Relaxation (n=30)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>3 times per week for 6 week, supervised relaxation program for 1 hour in a quiet room. Patients were taught visualization, yoga and autogenic relaxation by experienced instructors.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 44.8 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain 9.2 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McBeth 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref181" rid="niceng193er5.ref181"><sup>181</sup></a> (Beasley 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref28" rid="niceng193er5.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 month intervention</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=109)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Gym based programme with monthly assessments led by instructors to reassess the programme. Exercise intensity increased until exercise levels achieved 40–85% maximum heart rate; recommended session length 20 to 60 minutes 3–5 times a week)</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Cognitive behavioural therapy (n=112)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Telephone delivered, 7 weekly sessions (30–45 minutes each) plus initial assessment, followed by 1 session at 3 months and 1 session at 6 months. Delivered by 4 therapists.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Usual care (n=109)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual care from family physician, although precise care delivered, if any, was not record3ed</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic widespread pain (n=330)</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not stated</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 55.7(12.5) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 9 months:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation (6 months)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Silva 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref243" rid="niceng193er5.ref243"><sup>243</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=30)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Resistance training, which consisted of 3 sets of 12 repetitions, alternating lower limbs. Loads were 60% of the 1 rep maximum in the first month, increasing to 80% in the third month. The following muscles were trained: biceps brachial, triceps, pectoralis, trapezius, knee extensors, knee flexors and hip abductors. Twice a week for 40 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Relaxation (n=30)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Body relaxation sessions, which involved lying down with relaxing movement. Participants were invited to think about their illness, their life, imagining positive and negative points and to analyze everything. The physiotherapist also asked them to focus on the negative aspects and concentrate on these negative points, and they were asked to try to see good aspects of each point. Twice a week for 40 minutes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=60)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 44.93 (10.30); 49.40 (8.30) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 8 and 12 weeks (end of intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Only pain reduction reported at 8 weeks. Intervention not finished at 8 weeks so outcome measured before end of intervention.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Viljanen 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref267" rid="niceng193er5.ref267"><sup>267</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=135)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Led by trained physiotherapist 3 times a week sessions for 30 minutes each, followed by on week of reinforcement training 6 months after randomisation. Dumbbells were used for dynamic muscle training (weight 1–3kg each according to maximum repetitions with a test weight of 7.5 kg). The Exercises, conducted in the same order in each session, were chosen to activate large muscle groups in the neck and shoulder region. After the 5thweek participants were taught 3 exercises from the program with stretches, after the 9th week they were asked to perform the full training program by themselves.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Relaxation (n=128)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Led by trained physiotherapist 3 times a week sessions for 30 minutes each, followed by on week of reinforcement training 6 months after randomisation. Exercises aimed to teach participants to activate only those muscles needed for different daily activities and to relax other muscles. Participants were taught to perform the exercises alone from the 5th week.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic non-specific neck pain (n=393; third arm of study reported under strength versus usual care comparison)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 44 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 10.8 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 months follow up (including 12 week intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All participants were office workers</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigers 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref276" rid="niceng193er5.ref276"><sup>276</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14 week interventions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic exercise (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Aerobic exercise, focusing on the whole body and aimed at minimizing eccentric muscle strain. Exercise involved movement to music and games. Three times a week for 45 minutes (23 minute music session including warming up and 2 peaks of high intensity training, 15 minutes of aerobic games with 2 high intensity periods).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Stress management training (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Stress management training with 2 treatment groups of 10, with each totalling 20 sessions and 30 hours of active treatment (twice a week for 6 weeks, and once a week for 8 weeks, each session 90 minutes).</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fibromyalgia (n=40)</p>
|
|
<p>Female:Male: 55:5</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 43 (9); 44 (12); 46 (9) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain: 9 (5); 11 (10); 11 (9) years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 14 weeks (post intervention) and 4 years (follow-up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological distress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In Cochrane review (Bidonde 2017)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab31"><div id="niceng193er5.tab31" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 31</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab31_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Akhter 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref5" rid="niceng193er5.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Manual therapy, Strength and stretching (n=31)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Manual therapy: (Maitland’s approach Grade V, High velocity thrust, low amplitude application, rotation/lateral flexion technique on painful and stiff cervical spinal segments in supine position, maximum 6 sessions in 3 weeks).</p>
|
|
<p>Exercise: regime included a set of strength exercises consisted of isometric, concentric and eccentric exercises with rest in between and a set of stretching exercises of cervical spine and stretches 10 repetitions each.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength and flexibility (n=31)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Participants performed supervised exercise regime same as the other group, and also followed the same home exercise programme.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with a history of neck pain for 3 months with no related medical dysfunction (n=62)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 38.8 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of pain 4.45 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">After 3 weeks intervention both groups taught and practiced a home exercise program. A printed exercise sheet was provided with frequency and repetition details: twice a day, 7 days a week, for 3 months. This home exercise program consisted of strength exercises for neck/scapular stability, stretching exercises and general range of motion exercises for neck with advice regarding posture awareness and correction</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bronfort 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref43" rid="niceng193er5.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic & Strength exercise (n=60)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Warm up of stretching and upper body strength followed by 15 to 20 minutes of aerobic exercise using a stationary bike. Resistance exercises were performed on the MedX cervical extension and rotation machines, and resistance was increased periodically, with patients performing approximately 20 repetitions of each exercise. Duration 11 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Manual therapy and strength exercise (n=63)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Spinal manipulation therapy and exercise plus strength exercises for the neck and upper body preceded by a short aerobic warm up of the upper body and light stretching. 2 sets of 15–30 repetitions were conducted and resistance was increased gradually over time.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mechanical neck pain (no specific identified cause) (n=123)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 44.3 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 5 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 11 weeks post intervention and 12 months follow up:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">El-Gendy 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref78" rid="niceng193er5.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Manual therapy and stretching (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Myofacial release therapy applied from sitting position after exact determination of the pain location. Superficial stroke massage was performed for 2–3 minutes on the back region to the neck and shoulders in reciprocating and transverse way. Then the therapist focused on the pain region locally and applied myofascial release technique. At the end of the treatment session, about 2–3-minute surface stroke massage was performed again. There were 3 sessions per week for 20 minutes. Stretching was also performed as identical to the stretching group (as described).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Stretching exercise (n=20)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Stretching involved gentle stretching of the pectoral muscle, trapezius muscle, scaleni muscles, levator scapulae muscle, the suboccipital muscle. Also included some strengthening exercises including cervical flexion and extension, shoulder retraction exercise, upright rowing with resistance tubing and push ups if tolerated. Three sessions per week.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic mechanical neck pain (n=40)</p>
|
|
<p>Gender not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 33.9 (5.51); 33.65 (5.7) years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 4 weeks (post intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Three armed trial; third arm electrotherapy not included in the analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evans 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref85" rid="niceng193er5.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Manual therapy and Strength exercise (n=64)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Spinal manipulation combined with rehabilitative exercise. Spinal manipulation treatment included manual spinal manipulation with light soft tissue massage as facilitate the spinal manipulative therapy. Rehabilitative exercise began each session with a warm up on a stationary bike with arm levers and light stretching, followed by upper body strengthening exercises including push-ups and dumbbell shoulder exercises. Dynamic neck extension, flexion, and rotation exercises were performed with the patient lying on a therapy table wearing headgear with variable weight attachments. Weights were determined by baseline strength performance and were increased gradually during the treatment phase. Each session was 1 hour and there were 20 sessions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength exercise (n=63)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>20 sessions. Warm up of stretching and aerobic exercise using a stationary bike, followed by strengthening exercises of the shoulders and upper back using variable resistance equipment. Patients were stabilized with torso restraints to isolate and specifically exercise the cervical musculature. They were encouraged to perform repetitions to volitional muscle fatigue (maximum 20 reps) even if the pain was exacerbated, and resistance was increased periodically.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic mechanical neck pain for 12 weeks or more (n=127)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 44.7 years</p>
|
|
<p>Median pain duration 6 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 2 years (follow up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evans 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref86" rid="niceng193er5.ref86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Manual therapy and Strength exercise (n=91)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Identical exercises as strength intervention (as described) which was preceded by a 15–20 minute session with a licensed chiropractor who administered spinal manipulation therapy. Sessions focused mainly on manual manipulation to the cervical and thoracic spines using high velocity, low amplitude pressure applied to the joints. Up to 5 minutes of light soft tissue massage was also used</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength exercise (n=89)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Predominantly upper body and neck exercises that were partially individualised in terms of intensity, according to the participants’ abilities. One-on-one supervision in 20 1 hour sessions. The main focus was cervical strength exercises using low-tech methods performed with the patient lying on a therapy table, wearing headgear with variable weight attachments. 3 sets of 15–25 repetitions were conducted. There was also light aerobic warm up (5 minutes) and stretching before and after strength training.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic nonspecific neck pain for at least 12 weeks (Grade I or II classification according to the Neck Pain Task Force) (n=180)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 46.3 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean duration of pain 9.4 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 52 weeks (follow up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref163" rid="niceng193er5.ref163"><sup>163</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Manual therapy and strength exercise (n=16)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Thoracic manipulation for 10 minutes plus deep craniocervical flexors training for 15 minutes, plus self-stretching of the levator scapulae and upper trapezius muscles as cool-down exercises for 10 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength (n=15)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Deep craniocervical flexors training for 25 minutes, with self-stretching of the levator scapulae and upper trapezius muscles as cool-down exercises for 10 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 3: Strength (n=15)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Active ROM self-exercise, including neck flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation without provocation of pain) for 35 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>NB Strength interventions were pooled in the analysis</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with chronic neck pain (n=46)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 10 weeks (post-intervention)
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Panton 2009</b>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref210" rid="niceng193er5.ref210">
|
|
<sup>210</sup>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Manual therapy and strength exercise (n=12)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Exercise as in the strength group (below), plus manual therapy. Participants met twice a week for exercise, and twice a week for chiropractic treatment. Chiropractic treatment began with 5 minutes of ischemic compression to tender points on the back of the neck and spine. Pressure was applied with thumbs over tender points until the patient reacted to the pressure. The pressure was sustained for 10 seconds. This technique was continued throughout the 16 weeks with increasing pressure until an application of 4kg of digital pressure was reached. This 4kg of pressure was continued until the completion of the study. The next 5 minutes consisted of diversified chiropractic spinal adjustments. These adjustments consisted of short lever, low amplitude, high velocity thrusts. Cervical, thoracic and lumbar adjustments were performed. Target joints were determined at each visit through static and motion palpitation.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Strength training (n=15)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Resistance training. Participants met twice a week. Resistance training was chosen to maximise strength gains. Participants performed one set of 8–12 repetitions twice a week on 10 exercises. Participants began training at approximately 50% of their initial 1-RM measurement and were slowly progressed to approximately 100% of their initial 1RM by the end of the 16 weeks. Once 12 repetitions were completed on 2 consecutive workouts, weights were increased by 5–10 pounds for upper and lower body respectively.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=27)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 48.5 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean pain duration 5.5 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 16 weeks (post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Toprak celenay 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref256" rid="niceng193er5.ref256"><sup>256</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Aerobic & Strength exercise (n=24)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The combined exercise programme was carried out 2 days a week for 6 weeks and took 1 hour. It was composed of 10 minute warm up exercises, 40 minutes aerobic and strengthening exercises including neck, trunk, upper and lower limb muscles. The aerobic exercise consisted of 20 minutes walking on a treadmill. The target heart rate was initially adjusted to 65–70% of the maximal heart rate and to 75–80% of the maximal heart rate in the advanced programme. Muscle strengthening exercises were then performed with elastic resistive bands for 20 minutes where multiple muscles were strengthened. When they performed 15 repetitions without serious pain or fatigue, they progressed to the next colour resistance band. They had 10 repetitions with a holding period of 10 seconds.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Manual therapy and exercise (n=25)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Connective tissue massage was applied 2 days per week for a total of 12 sessions. While patients were in a sitting position, starting from the lumbosacral region, the lower thoracic, scapular, interscapular, and cervical regions were included in the treatment, respectively. For creating traction between cutaneous tissues, the middle fingers of both hands were used during the application. Each session lasted around 5–20 minutes. Exercise the same as above.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Women with fibromyalgia (n=49)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 41 years</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of pain not specified</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 6 weeks post-intervention):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab32"><div id="niceng193er5.tab32" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 32</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab32_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab32_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab32_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evans 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref85" rid="niceng193er5.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Manual therapy and Strength training (n=64)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Spinal manipulation combined with rehabilitative exercise. Spinal manipulation treatment included manual spinal manipulation with light soft tissue massage as facilitate the spinal manipulative therapy. Rehabilitative exercise began each session with a warm up on a stationary bike with arm levers and light stretching, followed by upper body strengthening exercises including push-ups and dumbbell shoulder exercises. Dynamic neck extension, flexion, and rotation exercises were performed with the patient lying on a therapy table wearing headgear with variable weight attachments. Weights were determined by baseline strength performance and were increased gradually during the treatment phase. Each session was 1 hour and there were 20 sessions.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Manual therapy (n=64)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Patients received the same spinal manipulation treatment as in the combined treatment group. Duration 11 weeks. Concurrent medication/care: Patients were also given 45 minutes of micronutrient therapy (sham) to minimise the effects of attention bias.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic mechanical neck pain for 12 weeks or more (n=128)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 44.7 years</p>
|
|
<p>Median pain duration 6 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab32_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 2 years (follow up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab32_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab33"><div id="niceng193er5.tab33" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 33</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab33_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evans 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref85" rid="niceng193er5.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 week interventions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 1: Strength training (n=61)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>20 sessions. Warm up of stretching and aerobic exercise using a stationary bike, followed by strengthening exercises of the shoulders and upper back using variable resistance equipment. Patients were stabilized with torso restraints to isolate and specifically exercise the cervical musculature. They were encouraged to perform repetitions to volitional muscle fatigue (maximum 20 reps) even if the pain was exacerbated, and resistance was increased periodically.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention 2: Manual therapy (n=64)</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Patients received the same spinal manipulation treatment as in the combined treatment group. Duration 11 weeks. Concurrent medication/care: Patients were also given 45 minutes of micronutrient therapy (sham) to minimise the effects of attention bias.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Chronic mechanical neck pain for 12 weeks or more (n=125)</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age 44.7 years</p>
|
|
<p>Median pain duration 6 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 2 years (follow up):
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab34"><div id="niceng193er5.tab34" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 34</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab34_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aerobic exercise versus control (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>40</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control group was 62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score at in the intervention groups was 21.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(30.38 to 12.62 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>528</p>
|
|
<p>(9 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 66.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was 6.97 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(10.77 to 3.17 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>53</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was 1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(10.34 lower to 8.34 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>372</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 56.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 7.89 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(13.23 to 2.55 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 functional capacity subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>12.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.85 to 21.15 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical appearance subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 13.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>16 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.68 lower to 34.68 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 29.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(8.62 lower to 23.62 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 30.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.7 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.49 lower to 17.89 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social aspects subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 45.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>8.9 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.16 lower to 20.96 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional aspects subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 22.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9.7 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(10.7 lower to 30.1 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 43.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.4 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(7.46 lower to 14.26 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 0.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.03 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.15 lower to 0.09 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>259</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>9–18 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 0.57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.06 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01 lower to 0.13 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D VAS, 0–100. high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 48.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.6 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.86 lower to 14.06 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D VAS, 0–100, high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 51.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.4 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(8.17 lower to 10.97 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Final values, timed up and go, seconds, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 9.99</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.62 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.40 lower to 0.16 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(11.32 lower to 5.32 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>169</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 449.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>56.18 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(27.8 to 84.56 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ and SF-36 physical function subscales, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>246</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>16–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 49.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>10.16 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(15.39 to 4.94 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(16.14 lower to 10.14 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Change scores and final values, beck depression inventory, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>123</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>16–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.36 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.16 to 0.56 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>306</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 4.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.39 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.05 lower to 0.28 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ anxiety scale, Beck anxiety inventory, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>320</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.28 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.51 lower to 0.04 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Change scores, STAI anxiety total scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>23 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change score in the control groups was 4.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(23.6 lower to 4.2 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (final values, FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 4.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.8 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.46 lower to 2.06 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (final values, FIQ anxiety scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 4.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.06 lower to 1.46 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Final values, BDI depression scale, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 30.14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>12.77 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(14.65 to 10.88 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at ≤3 months (Number of GP contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean use of healthcare services in the control groups was 0.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean use of healthcare services in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.11 lower to 2.11 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at >3 months (Number of GP contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean use of healthcare services in the control groups was 0.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean use of healthcare services in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.3 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68 lower to 1.28 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at ≤3 months (Number of medical specialist contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean use of healthcare services in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean use of healthcare services in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.18 lower to 0.38 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at >3 months (Number of medical specialist contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean use of healthcare services in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean use of healthcare services in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.08 lower to 0.48 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at ≤3 months (Number of physiotherapist contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean use of healthcare services in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean use of healthcare services in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.49 to 1.17 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at >3 months (Number of physiotherapist contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean use of healthcare services in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.8</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean use of healthcare services in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(5.79 to 3.01 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep scale, PSQI, FIQ sleep subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>414</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–40 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.16 standard deviations lower (0.43 lower to 0.1 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>607</p>
|
|
<p>(9 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.11 (−0.04 to 0.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>110 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 40 fewer to 270 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab34_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab34_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab34_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab35"><div id="niceng193er5.tab35" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 35</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Strength training versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab35_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength versus control (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (final values, VAS, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>251</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>6–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain change in the control groups was 54.44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score reduction in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>18.85 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(34.50 to 3.21 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (change scores and final values, VAS, NRS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>156</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>6–8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score reduction in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>15.76 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(22.79 to 8.72 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>449</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>21–52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain change in the control groups was 32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score reduction in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>16.06 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(36.93 lower to 4.82 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean change quality of life change score in the control groups was 2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score at 8 in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.6 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.25 lower to 15.45 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>102</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life change in the control groups was 8.37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score at 8–16 in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.39 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.43 lower to 9.21 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life change in the control groups was 62.85</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>14.91 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(45.78 lower to 15.96 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, change scores and final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>146</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>6–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9.89 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(23.15 lower to 3.37 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (final values, FIQ physical function subscale, Northwick Park Questionnaire, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>151</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>6–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.33 lower to 0.32 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 538.3m</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>8.4m lower</p>
|
|
<p>(89.59 lower to 72.79 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months months (final values, Northwick Park Questionnaire, Neck Disability Index, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>163</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>16–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.23 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68 lower to 1.14 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (change scores, SF-36 physical function subscale, HAQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>16–21 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function change score in control groups was −0.56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(10.41 to 2 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Pain Catastrophising Scale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>25</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress in the control group was +20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(19.70 lower to 1.70 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>21 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change score in the control groups was +0.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.37 to 1.03 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of health care services at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>179</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.68 (0.42 to 1.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">333 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 193 fewer to 37 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>21 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean sleep change score in the control groups was −3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score at 21 in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(20.9 lower to 6.9 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>133</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 2.27 (0.77 to 6.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>71 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 14 fewer to 254 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>252</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>16–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.08 (−0.02 to 0.17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 27 fewer to 34 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab35_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab35_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab35_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab36"><div id="niceng193er5.tab36" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 36</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary Aerobic and strength versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab36_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aerobic and strength versus control (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>129</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>10–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain change score in the control groups was 0.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.45 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(34.16 lower to 29.27 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>161</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>18 weeks - 3 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain final values in the control groups was 56.83</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>13.74 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(22.11 to 5.37 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594 to 1, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life in the control groups was 0.334</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.25 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.05 to 0.45 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies) 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 62.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.42 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(12.66 lower to 5.82 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>171</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>16–52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9.05 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(15.43 to 2.68 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594 to 1, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>8 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life in the control groups was 0.334</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.19 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.00 to 0.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 45.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>11.6 higher (2.02 to 21.18 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 19.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.9 higher (14.93 lower to 18.73 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 52.1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>19 higher (6.96 lower to 44.96 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 28.6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>12.7 higher (2.73 to 22.67 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 44.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>15.8 higher (3.75 to 27.85 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 52.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>11.7 higher (1.9 lower to 25.3 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 bodily pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 19.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>10.4 higher (0.16 lower to 20.96 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 33.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9.6 higher (2.82 to 16.38 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (seconds, quarter mile walk test, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 320.15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>37.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(63.19 to 11.41 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (metres, 6-minute walk test, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 459.07</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>54.8 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.54 lower to 110.14 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 3.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.63 lower to 0.03 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (metres, 6-minute walk test, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>32</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>12.21</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>15.69 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(33.37 lower to 64.75 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 21.03</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.44 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.85 lower to 3.97 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State anxiety inventory, 0–10, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>58</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change in the control groups was −0.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(5.12 lower to 5.32 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>32</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>11.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.25 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.77 lower to 1.27 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (CES-D, BDI, FIQ depression subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>125</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>18–32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.45 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.81 to 0.09 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (State anxiety inventory, 20–80, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>83</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>16–32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.95 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.75 lower to 3.85 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, high is poor outcome, change scores, 0–21)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>58</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean sleep change in the control groups was +0.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.39 to 1.01 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Healthcare utilisation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>78</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.85 (0.49 to 1.47)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">476 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>71 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 243 fewer to 224 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>125</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies) 8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0.17)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 10 fewer to 170 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>230</p>
|
|
<p>(7 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>16–32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.02 (−0.05 to 0.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>49 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 43 fewer to 50 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab36_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab36_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab36_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab37"><div id="niceng193er5.tab37" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 37</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic, strength and flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab37_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aerobic, strength and flexibility versus control (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>25</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 32.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>12.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.14 to 22.06 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>25</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 31.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.18 lower to 13.38 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab37_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab37_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab38"><div id="niceng193er5.tab38" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 38</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Strength and flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab38_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength and flexibility versus control (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>110</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>2–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 52.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score at 2–12 in the intervention groups was</p>
|
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<p>11.71 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(21.49 to 1.92 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>144</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 50.45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>13.19 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(20.33 to 6.05 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 49.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.6 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.12 lower to 4.92 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>144</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.78 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.35 lower to 4.91 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 28.6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.7 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.42 lower to 5.82 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>144</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 37.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.16 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.87 lower to 3.56 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 39.1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(16.59 lower to 5.59 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>144</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 39.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(12.3 to 1.1 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 18.6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.6 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.59 lower to 5.79 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 19.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.41 lower to 5.61 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>157</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>9–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.88 (0.32 to 2.4)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 76 fewer to 124 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab38_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab38_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab38_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab39"><div id="niceng193er5.tab39" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 39</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab39_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus control (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 41.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>16.6 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(25.8 to 7.4 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 44.6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>11.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(20.71 to 2.29 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 42.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.3 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.13 lower to 4.73 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.48 lower to 5.48 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 46.1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.6 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.73 lower to 5.93 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 46.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.82 lower to 4.82 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 6.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.68 lower to 0.28 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 6.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.66 lower to 0.26 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 4.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.4 lower to 0.2 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 5.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.85 lower to 0.25 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 27.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.47 to 0.13 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 29.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(10.06 lower to 1.46 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.37 (0.69 to 2.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">256 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 79 fewer to 443 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab39_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab39_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab40"><div id="niceng193er5.tab40" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 40</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Proprioception versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab40_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Proprioception versus control (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 5.63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.18 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.09 lower to 1.45 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 6.36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.97 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.47 lower to 0.53 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 50.17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.88 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(11.11 lower to 7.35 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 52.96</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.59 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(14.37 lower to 7.19 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 28.59</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.38 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(14.37 lower to 7.19 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 25.77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.86 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.18 lower to 1.46 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 13.95</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.74 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(8.43 to 1.05 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 14.86</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.86 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.84 lower to 0.12 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.33 (0.04 to 2.99)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80 fewer per 1000 (from 115 fewer to 239 more)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab40_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab40_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab41"><div id="niceng193er5.tab41" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 41</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Mind-body exercise versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab41_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Mind-body exercises versus control (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, Visual numeric scale, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>393</p>
|
|
<p>(8 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>7–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 50.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>11.17 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(17.32 to 5.02 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain improvement at ≤3 months (30% improvement on NRS)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>117</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.19 (1.56 to 6.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">159 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>348 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 89 more to 878 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain improvement at >3 months (30% improvement on NRS)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>117</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.11 (1.06 to 4.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">182 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>202 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 11 more to 584 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome) - Fibromyalgia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 73</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>26 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(35.63 to 16.37 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome) - Chronic neck pain</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>221</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 48.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>11.29 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(174219.52 to 5.17 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (WHOQOL-BREF, 0–5, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>57</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 2.79</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.58 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.16 to 1 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>106</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–14 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 49.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.55 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(13.36 lower to 10.25 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>220</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>10–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 37.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 4.14 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.15 to 6.12 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>220</p><p>(3 studies)</p><p>10–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 45.6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.33 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.57 lower to 7.24 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>221</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 43.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.64 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(11.62 lower to 8.33 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>221</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 34.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 0.69 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.05 lower to 3.43 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, functional capacity scale, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 39.1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>17.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(8.01 to 26.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, physical aspects subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 13.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>22.7 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(9.73 to 35.67 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, pain subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 29.1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 16.9 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(9.19 to 24.61 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, vitality subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 37.1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 10.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.5 to 20.5 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, general health subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 41.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 3.4 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(4.81 lower to 11.61 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, social subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 51.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.9 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(5.61 lower to 17.41 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, emotional subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 31.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 20.4 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.24 to 37.56 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, mental health subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 46.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.42 lower to 15.62 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>363</p>
|
|
<p>(7 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.40 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.84 to 0.04 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>225</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 36.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was 6.79 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(10.57 to 3.01 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walk test, metes, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 343</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>88 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(51.42 to 124.58 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:D, Beck depression inventory, CES-D, ADS depression scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>306</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>7–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was 0.51 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.96 to 0.05 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State trace anxiety inventory, final values, high is poor outcome) - Fibromyalgia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>57</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 51.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9.91 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(15.59 to 4.23 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:A, final values, high is poor outcome) - Chronic neck pain</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>77</p>
|
|
<p>(2 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 6.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2 lower to 1.6 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Beck depression inventory, HADS:D, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>223</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24–32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p><p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p><p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.02 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.29 lower to 0.24 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS:A, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>77</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 6.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.6 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.38 lower to 1.18 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS sleep outcome, pittsburgh sleep quality index, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.43 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.58 lower to 0.72 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>784</p>
|
|
<p>(12 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–32 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.03 (−0.03 to 0.10)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 30 fewer to 100 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab41_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab41_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab41_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab42"><div id="niceng193er5.tab42" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 42</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab42_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Flexibility versus control (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 64</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>18 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(37.89 lower to 1.89 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 10.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(5.39 lower to 2.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>34</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 8.41 (0.81 to 86.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab42_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">180 more per 1000 (from 20 more to 370 more)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab42_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab42_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab43"><div id="niceng193er5.tab43" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 43</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus strength</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab43_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aerobic exercise versus strength (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, MDPI, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>199</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.47 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(20.48 lower to 11.54 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain change score in the control groups was −27.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(16.22 lower to 2.82 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>127</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.29 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(8.4 lower to 16.98 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>127</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.69 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(6.6 lower to 15.97 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Multidimensional fatigue inventory-20 reduced activity subscale, change scores, 0–20, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function change score in the control groups was −1.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.18 lower to 3.18 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 628.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score at 12 weeks (6 minute walking test, metres, high is good outcome) in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>88.4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(114.7 to 62.1 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Final values and change scores, SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.85 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.79 lower to 7.49 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Hospital anxiety and depression anxiety score, 0–21, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.93 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.46 lower to 0.61 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Final values and change scores, Hospital anxiety and depression scale, depression score, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.04 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.37 lower to 1.46 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Final values, BDI, 0–60, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 9.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>12.7 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(9.01 to 16.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS Sleep scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 25.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>13.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(31.93 lower to 5.33 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months (due to other diagnoses, transportation problems)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>196</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.32 to 1.4)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">150 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>49 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 102 fewer to 60 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab43_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab43_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab43_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab44"><div id="niceng193er5.tab44" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 44</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab44/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab44_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aerobic exercise versus flexibility (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(10.19 lower to 16.19 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>94</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>20 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>12.65 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(22.45 to 2.84 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 42.55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.82 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.29 lower to 6.93 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>20 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 42.82</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.55 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.08 lower to 7.18 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 39.87</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.26 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.69 lower to 10.21 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>20 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 40.09</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.91 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.43 to 13.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 13.56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.44 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(6.83 lower to 7.71 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>20 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 12.15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.74 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.53 lower to 3.05 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State trace anxiety inventory, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 47.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.83 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.33 lower to 2.67 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (State trace anxiety inventory, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>20 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 45.04</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.83 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.22 to 0.44 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>20 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.67 (0.67 to 4.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">158 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>106 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 52 fewer to 495 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab44_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab44_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab45"><div id="niceng193er5.tab45" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 45</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab45/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab45_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aerobic and strength versus aerobic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, high score is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>6.2</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>0.6 lower</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>(1.79 lower to 0.59 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Scale of Catastropic Thoughts on Pain, 0–5, high score is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.08 lower to 0.68 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36 role social subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>64.2</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>10.6 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(27.34 lower to 6.14 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36 general health status subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>39</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(15.89 lower to 11.89 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36 vitality subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>43.8</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(12.43 lower to 10.03 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36 functional capacity subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>43.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9.6 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(21.76 lower to 2.56 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36 role physical subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>36.2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>14.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(35.85 lower to 7.25 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36 emotional aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>43.6</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(34.66 lower to 16.66 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36 pain subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>44.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(18.72 lower to 4.72 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36 mental health subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>65.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>10.9 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(25.37 lower to 3.57 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 0–21, high score is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.64 lower to 1.84 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.50 (0.10 to 2.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">190 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 171 fewer to 274 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab45_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab45_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab46"><div id="niceng193er5.tab46" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 46</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic and strength versus aerobic exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab46/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab46_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aerobic and strength versus aerobic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>43</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score change in the control groups was −8.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(7.78 lower to 7.78 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>43</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change in the control groups was −8.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.66 lower to 5.86 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>43</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.05 (0.3 to 3.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">182 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 127 fewer to 484 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab46_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab46_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab47"><div id="niceng193er5.tab47" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 47</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic and strength versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab47/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab47_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aerobic and strength versus flexibility (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>85</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.96 lower to 1.96 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(13.89 to 2.11 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (NIH CPSI quality of life subscale, 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>85</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 6.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.69 to 0.91 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (NIH CPSI quality of life subscale, 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 6.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.68 to 0.92 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>85</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 9.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.33 lower to 2.33 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>18 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 7.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.97 lower to 1.97 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.96 (0.72 to 5.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>94 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 27 fewer to 425 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab47_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab47_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab48"><div id="niceng193er5.tab48" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 48</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab48/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab48_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life change in the control groups was +3.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.65 lower to 1.65 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life change in the control groups was +3.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.38 to 0.02 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life change in the control groups was +5.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.65 lower to 1.05 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life change in the control groups was +5.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(7.88 lower to 3.08 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test change scores, metres, change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function change in the control groups was +7.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.9 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(25.15 lower to 28.95 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test change scores, metres, change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function change in the control groups was +30.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>22.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(60.46 lower to 16.06 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change in the control groups was −1.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68 lower to 3.08 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change in the control groups was −1.6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.8 higher (0.4 to 3.2 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change in the control groups was −2.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.8 higher (0.12 lower to 3.48 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change in the control groups was −2.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.6 higher (0.86 lower to 4.06 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean sleep change in the control groups was −1.6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.7 higher (0.74 lower to 2.14 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean sleep change in the control groups was −2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was 0.8 higher (1.14 lower to 2.74 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.35 (0.71 to 2.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">227 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab48_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>79 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 66 fewer to 356 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab48_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab48_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab49"><div id="niceng193er5.tab49" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 49</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus aerobic exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab49/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab49_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength versus mind-body exercises (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain perception at <3 months (Final score; VAS)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.33</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain perception score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.65 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.86 to 0.44 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain perception at >3 months (Final score; VAS)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.74</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain perception score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.94 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.14 to 0.74 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at <3 months (final score; FIQ)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>69.81</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.49 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(7.46 to 3.52 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (final score; FIQ)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>66.1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>10.62 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(12.34 to 8.9 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep quality at <3 months (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep quality score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>12.39</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep quality score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.94 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.62 to 3.26 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep quality at >3 months (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep quality score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>10.45</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep quality score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.03 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(5.51 to 4.55 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.00 (−0.06 to 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 6 fewer to 6 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab49_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab49_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab50"><div id="niceng193er5.tab50" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 50</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab50/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab50_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength versus mind-body exercises (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ total score, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>46.44</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>13.04 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(21.92 to 4.16 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (number of steps, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>103.39</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>9.19 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(11.24 lower to 29.62 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>35</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.66 (0.28 to 1.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">474 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>161 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 341 fewer to 270 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab50_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab50_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab51"><div id="niceng193er5.tab51" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 51</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus mind-body</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab51/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab51_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength versus mind-body exercises (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain (VAS, <3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.31 lower to 2.51 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (Nottingham health profile, <3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 600.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>89.8</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>56.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(13.21 lower to 125.41 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Physical function (NDI, <3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>8.2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.56 lower to 6.76 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Psychological distress (BDI, <3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 63.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.3 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.24 lower to 7.84 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>122</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.55 (0.68 to 3.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab51_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>71 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 41 fewer to 325 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab51_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab51_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab52"><div id="niceng193er5.tab52" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 52</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus biomechanical</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab52/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab52_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength versus biomechanical exercises (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain (VAS, <3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.7</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.8 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.52 lower to 2.12 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (Nottingham health profile, <3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 600.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>118.2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>27.7 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(44.07 lower to 99.47 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Physical function (NDI, <3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>10</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.3 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.29 lower to 4.89 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Psychological distress (BDI, <3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 63.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>8.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.36 lower to 5.76 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab52_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab52_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab53"><div id="niceng193er5.tab53" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 53</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab53/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab53_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength versus flexibility (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores and final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score reduction in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>8.09 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(14.58 to 1.59 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>66</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 9.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.64 lower to 5.64 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>66</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 44.55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.39 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(11.75 lower to 0.97 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 9.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.34 to 9.66 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>56</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change score in the control groups was −1.84</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.83 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.99 lower to 0.33 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BAI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>56</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change score in the control groups was +0.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.42 lower to 0.02 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (FIQ sleep subscale, 0–10, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>56</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean sleep change score in the control groups was −0.53</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.77 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.62 to 0.92 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>157</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.68 (0.36 to 1.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">214 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>68 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 137 fewer to 60 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab53_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab53_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab54"><div id="niceng193er5.tab54" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 54</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Strength and flexibility versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab54/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab54_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength and flexibility versus flexibility (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 92.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.92 lower to 4.12 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 role physical subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 79.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(15.9 lower to 13.7 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 role emotional subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 87</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(9.7 lower to 13.9 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 63.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.96 lower to 13.36 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional wellbeing subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 75.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.6 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.43 lower to 10.63 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 88.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.7 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(5.28 lower to 8.68 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 bodily pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 70.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(10.14 lower to 6.74 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 71.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.7 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(6.41 lower to 7.81 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>101</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.71 (0.27 to 1.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab54_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 126 fewer to 145 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab54_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab54_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab55"><div id="niceng193er5.tab55" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 55</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Strength and flexibility versus mind-body</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab55/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab55_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength and flexibility versus mind-body (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>117</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>9–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 42.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>10.4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(23.66 lower to 2.85 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>140</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 39.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.78 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(8.05 lower to 6.49 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>117</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>9–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 46.95</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.88 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.8 lower to 6.55 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>140</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 45.45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.05 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.28 lower to 4.38 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>117</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>9–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 37.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.04 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.9 lower to 3.99 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>140</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 39.2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.21 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.81 lower to 0.38 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>117</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>9–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.22 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.59 lower to 0.14 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>140</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 19.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.22 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(5.02 lower to 5.46 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Depression scale ADS, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>66</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 19.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.66 lower to 4.66 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Depression scale ADS, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>66</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, The mean quality of life score in the control groups was imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 22.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.07 lower to 2.47 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>209</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>9–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.87 (0.35 to 2.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab55_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 64 fewer to 94 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab55_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab55_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab55_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab56"><div id="niceng193er5.tab56" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 56</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab56/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab56_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 32.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(16.72 lower to 2.32 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score reduction in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.9 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(12.99 lower to 9.19 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, final values, 0–100, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 47.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 2.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(5.48 lower to 1.28 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, final values, 0–100, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 46.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.22 lower to 1.22 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 46.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 0.9 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.77 lower to 5.57 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.96 lower to 4.76 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 21.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was 1.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.7 lower to 6.1 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 24.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.8 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(5.31 lower to 6.91 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 6.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was 1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.8 lower to 0.8 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 6.1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.6 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.34 lower to 1.14 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 3.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was 0.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.52 lower to 1.32 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 4.1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.51 lower to 1.51 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊕</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.45 (1.38 to 14.35)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab56_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>273 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 30 more to 1000 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab56_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab56_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab57"><div id="niceng193er5.tab57" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 57</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Strength versus proprioception</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab57/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab57_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Strength versus proprioception (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 4.14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.32 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.47 lower to 2.11 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab57_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab58"><div id="niceng193er5.tab58" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 58</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Mind-body versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab58/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab58_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Mind-body versus flexibility (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>55</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(9.65 lower to 13.65 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>49</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 77.6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>22.9 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(33.4 to 12.4 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 17.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.55 lower to 4.55 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean sleep score in the control groups was 13.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.92 lower to 1.92 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>62</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.83 (0.83 to 4.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">219 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>182 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 37 fewer to 661 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab58_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab58_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab59"><div id="niceng193er5.tab59" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 59</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Mind-body versus biomechanical</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab59/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab59_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Mind-body versus biomechanical (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain (VAS, <3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.7</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.51 lower to 0.91 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life (Nottingham health profile, <3 months)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 600.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>118.2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>28.4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(84.68 lower to 27.88 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function (NDI, <3 months)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>10</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.86 lower to 1.26 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress (Depression, BDI, <3 months) Scale from: 0 to 63.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>8.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab59_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.11 lower to 1.91 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab59_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab59_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab60"><div id="niceng193er5.tab60" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 60</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab60/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab60_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>57</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 65.55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>12.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(21.27 to 4.13 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>57</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 13.79</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.88 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.46 lower to 8.22 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>68</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.65 (0.53 to 5.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab60_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>79 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 57 fewer to 499 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab60_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab60_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab61"><div id="niceng193er5.tab61" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 61</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab61/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab61_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>133</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 55.6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.4 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(4.64 lower to 5.44 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>136</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.97 (0.47 to 2.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab61_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 130 fewer to 120 more)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab61_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab61_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab62"><div id="niceng193er5.tab62" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 62</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Exercise versus psychological therapies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab62/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab62_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Exercise versus psychological therapies (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain scale, 0–100, high is poor outcome, final values and change scores) - Fibromyalgia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>251</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>31.35</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.61 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(15.09 lower to 11.87 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, high is poor outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>468</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 50.35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.19 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(13.98 to 0.41 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome, final values and change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>292</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>6–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(10.88 to 2.52 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>152</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>9 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 0.754</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.05 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.12 lower to 0.02 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF36 social aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>63.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score outcome in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.4 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(9.27 lower to 16.07 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF36 general health status aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>44.6</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.6 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(8.08 lower to 13.28 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF36 funcitonal capacity aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score outcome in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>40</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>13.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.72 to 23.48 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF36 limitations due to physical aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>38.1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>17.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.83 lower to 37.23 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF36 limitations due to emotional aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>37.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>11.9 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(8.74 lower to 32.54 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF36 pain subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>29.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(5.39 lower to 15.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF36 mental health subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>58.6</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.9 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(11.04 lower to 12.84 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, high is poor outcome, change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>98</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function change in the control groups was −0.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.75 lower to 1.35 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walk test, metres, high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>139</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 429.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>26.42 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.85 lower to 53.69 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>165</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–5 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 474.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>49.05 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(25.45 to 72.65 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (CES-D, 0–100, high is poor outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>62</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress score in the control groups was 67</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>10.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(20.07 to 0.53 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Hospital anxiety and depression scale, depression subscale, 0–21, high is poor outcome, change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>104</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>15 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change in the control groups was +0.3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.25 lower to 0.25 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Hospital anxiety and depression scale, anxiety subscale, 0–21, high is poor outcome, change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>15 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean psychological distress change in the control groups was +0.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean psychological distress score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.01 lower to 0.41 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (the sleep scale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>190</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>9 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean sleep in the control groups was 12.4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.3 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.22 lower to 1.82 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, high is poor outcome, change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>15 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean sleep change in the control groups was +0.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleep score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.32 lower to 0.12 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months (due to increased pain, personal reasons, lost to follow up)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1062</p>
|
|
<p>(10 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>8–52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">172 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 70 fewer to 20 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab62_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab62_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab63"><div id="niceng193er5.tab63" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 63</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab63/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab63_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>101</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>11 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 3.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.66 lower to 0.06 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>101</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 3.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.42 lower to 0.42 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>101</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>11 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 18.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.65 to 0.55 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>101</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 20.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.9 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.85 lower to 0.05 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>127</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>11 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.91 (0.47 to 1.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">222 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 118 fewer to 175 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab63_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab63_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab64"><div id="niceng193er5.tab64" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 64</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab64/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab64_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>542</p>
|
|
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>4–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 30.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.34 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(13.82 lower to 1.13 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (NRS, VAS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>394</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.95 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.51 lower to 5.4 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 46.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(13.87 lower to 11.87 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>180</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 50.1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 0.6 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.34 lower to 2.54 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>180</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 49.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 0.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(1.79 lower to 2.19 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>180</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 54.6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 0.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.55 lower to 2.15 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>180</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean quality of life score in the control groups was 54.8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was 1.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.34 lower to 0.74 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, functional performance scale, final values, high is poor outcome, 0–100)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>477</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>11–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.29 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.62 lower to 0.04 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>394</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 16.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.17 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.6 lower to 2.25 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, 0–100)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>4–10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>18.68</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>8.14 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.92 to 6.35 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>542</p>
|
|
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>6–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.05 to 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 50 fewer to 60 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab64_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab64_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab64_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab65"><div id="niceng193er5.tab65" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 65</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Exercise versus manual therapy</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab65/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab65_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Exercise versus manual therapy (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>101</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>11 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 3.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.11 to 0.49 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>101</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean pain score in the control groups was 3.9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.42 lower to 0.42 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>94</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>11 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 18.7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.9 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(10.6 to 1.2 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>94</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean physical function score in the control groups was 20.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean physical function score in the intervention groups was</p>
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<p>3.9 lower</p>
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<p>(9.14 lower to 1.34 higher)</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>127</p>
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<p>(1 study)</p>
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<p>11 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
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<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.34 (0.74 to 2.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">222 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab65_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>75 more per 1000</p>
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<p>(from 58 fewer to 317 more)</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab65_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab65_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab66"><div id="niceng193er5.tab66" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 66</span><span class="title">Health economic evidence profile: Aerobic exercise therapy vs. psychological therapy or usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab66/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab66_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Limitations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other comments</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental cost</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Uncertainty</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_1" rowspan="6" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beasley, 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref28" rid="niceng193er5.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a> [UK]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_2" rowspan="6" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Directly applicable<sup>(a)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_3" rowspan="6" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations<sup>(b)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_4" rowspan="6" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Within-trial analysis (same paper)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost-utility analysis (QALYs)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Population: > 25 years and over with chronic widespread pain according to the definition in the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 criteria for fibromyalgia, for which they have consulted their general practitioner in the previous year.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>6 month interventions</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow-up: 30 months (24 months post treatment)</div></li></ul>
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Comparators:
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<ol><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Treatment as usual.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (TCBT): initial assessment (45–60 mins) followed by 7 weekly sessions (30–45 mins each), 1 session at three months, and 1 session at 6 months after randomisation.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Exercise therapy: leisure-facility-and-gym-based exercise program consistent with American College of Sport Medicine guidelines for improving cardiorespiratory fitness. (only partly supervised with monthly instructor led appointments and people otherwise used the gym)</div></li></ol></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_7" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Complete case analysis:</b>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_8" rowspan="6" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Used non-parametric bootstrapping.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(3-1): £1,924</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(3-1): 0.025</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ICER: £76,960 per QALY gained</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(3-2) £1,350</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(3-2): −0.072</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dominated</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_7" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Multiple imputation analysis:</b>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(3-1): £1,256</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(3-1): 0.071</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ICER: £17,690 per QALY gained</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(3-2): £702</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(3-2): −0.069</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab66_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dominated</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: ICER: incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY: quality-adjusted life years; RCT: randomised controlled trial</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab66_1"><p class="no_margin">UK NHS study, used EQ-5D. Participation in study based on self-reported symptoms and recruited through primary care, may not necessarily be representative of general population with chronic widespread pain caused by fibromyalgia.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab66_2"><p class="no_margin">Treatment as usual not defined, usual care provided by GP was not restricted and may not be the same across all participants in that group. Within-study analysis which may not reflect full body of evidence. The imputed results are also quite different to the complete case data results, leading to a change in conclusion on cost effectiveness. It is hard to know which results should be used without knowing the details of the imputations and the nature of the missing data.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab67"><div id="niceng193er5.tab67" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 67</span><span class="title">Health economic evidence profile: Aquatic based aerobic exercise + usual care versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab67/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab67_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Limitations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other comments</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental cost</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Uncertainty</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gusi 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref116" rid="niceng193er5.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a>(Spain)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup>(a)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations<sup>(b)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Within trial analysis<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref252" rid="niceng193er5.ref252"><sup>252</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref253" rid="niceng193er5.ref253"><sup>253</sup></a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost-utility analysis (QALYs)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Population: women with Fibromyalgia.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>8 month intervention.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow-up: 8 months</div></li></ul>
|
|
Comparing:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Exercise + usual care: Exercise programme in a waist high pool of warm water (33°C). A qualified exercise leader instructed and trained the group three times a week for 1 h per session over a period of 8 months.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Treatment as usual</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£475<sup>(c)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.131 QALYs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3,630 per QALY gained</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab67_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Probability exercise cost effective: Determined by reading off the graph based on the ‘2005 adjusted investment ceiling set at €34,729/QALY): approx. 97%</p>
|
|
<p>Various sensitivity analyses tested such as varying the number of people per group (participation), the salaries of the staff. And testing worst and best case scenarios based on participation, salaries, and extremes of confidence interval for QALY difference. Only the worst case scenario led to the intervention not being cost effective based on the threshold published in the Spanish literature.</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: ICER= incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY= quality-adjusted life years; RCT= randomised controlled trial FM = Fibromyalgia.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab67_1"><p class="no_margin">Uses EQ-5D. Non-UK study.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab67_2"><p class="no_margin">Only based on one study. Date and costs may not reflect current NHS context. Costs of staff look very low compared to UK costs which will affect the ICER. Recruitment of participants was through local FM association, perhaps not representative of wider population with FM.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.tab67_3"><p class="no_margin">2005 Spanish Euros converted to UK pounds.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref208" rid="niceng193er5.ref208"><sup>208</sup></a> Cost components incorporated: Programme cost (based on staff costs, renting the pool, management costs of the programme like insurance). Health care costs (consultations, drug process).</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5tab68"><div id="niceng193er5.tab68" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 68</span><span class="title">Base case results (discounted)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.tab68/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.tab68_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Base case</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Analysis</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incremental cost</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incremental QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cost per QALY gained</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Probability cost effective at £20k</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Probabilistic</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£380</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.04</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£9,121</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86%</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Deterministic</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£380</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.031</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£12,327</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No extrapolation beyond last trial observation (36 weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Probabilistic</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£380</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.03</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£12,683</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93%</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Deterministic</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£380</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.030</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£12,739</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: QALYs: quality adjusted life years, £20k: £20,000.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appatab1"><div id="niceng193er5.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 69</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Objectives</b>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search criteria</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the clinical review protocol above.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant health economic study design (cost–utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost–consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of health economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a health economic study filter – see <a href="#niceng193er5.appb">appendix B</a> below.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Review strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2002. Abstract-only studies and studies from non-OECD countries or the USA will also be excluded.</p>
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<p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in appendix H of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref201" rid="niceng193er5.ref201"><sup>201</sup></a></p>
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<p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’ then it will be included in the guideline. A health economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then a health economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p>
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<b>Where there is discretion</b>
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</p>
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<p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include health economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to selectively exclude the remaining studies. All studies excluded on the basis of applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation in the excluded health economic studies appendix below.</p>
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<p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p>
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<p><i>Setting:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Health economic study type:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost–utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost–benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–consequences analysis).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Year of analysis:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2002 or later but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly from before 2002 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2002 will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis match with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline.</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appbtab1"><div id="niceng193er5.appb.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 20 May 2020</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 20 May 2020</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Cochrane Reviews to 2020 Issue 5 of 12</p>
|
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<p>CENTRAL to 2020 Issue 5 of 12</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appbtab2"><div id="niceng193er5.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chronic pain/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((chronic or persist* or idiopathic or atypical or a-typical) adj4 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Complex Regional Pain Syndromes/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(complex regional pain syndrome* or CRPS or causalgia).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((reflex or sympathetic) adj2 dystroph*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fibromyalgia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fibromyalgia* or fibrositis or myofascial pain syndrome).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">vulvodynia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(vulvodynia or vestibulodynia or dyspareunia or vulvar vestibulitis or vulvitis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">interstitial cystitis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(interstitial adj2 cystitis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">algodystrophy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(algodystroph* or sudek or sudeck*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp myofascial pain syndromes/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cystitis, interstitial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(loin pain adj (haematuria or hematuria) adj syndrome*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LPHS or prostatodynia or CPPS or atypic* odontalgia or a-typic* odontalgia or burning mouth syndrome* or phantom tooth pain or neuropathic orofacial pain or “myofascial pain” or MPS).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pelvic or pelvis) adj pain syndrome*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((non-cardiac or noncardiac) adj3 chest adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(temporomandibular adj3 joint adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((prostate or vulv* or bladder or perineal) adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(functional pain syndrome* or non-cancer pain or noncancer pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pelvic or pelvis or abdominal) adj3 pain adj3 (unknown or un-known or idiopathic or atypic* or a-typic*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25–32</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 not 34</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/35–41</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 not 42</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 43 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp exercise/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp exercise therapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Exercise Movement Techniques/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “physical education and training”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pilates or yoga or feldenkrais or swim* or walk* or run* or jog* or treadmill* or tread mill*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(stretch* adj3 (active* or passive* or relax* or static* or dynamic* or gentl* or ballistic* or force* or isometric or technique* or exercis* or therap*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(aerobic* adj (exercise* or train* or therap*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((corrective* or biomechanic* or propiocet* or balance or flexib*) adj2 (exercise* or train* or therap*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((biomechanic* or mckenzie) adj (method* or course*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((strength* or stabil* or program* or train* or therap* or technique* or treat*) adj3 exercise*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(physical adj (fitness or conditioning or education or training or mobility or activit$ or exertion or effort)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">danc*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fitness* adj3 (program* or train* or therap*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tai ji or tai chi or taichi or taiji or taijiquan).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qigong or ch’i k#ng or ch’i g#ng or chi k#ng or chi g#ng or qi k#ng or qi g#ng).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">core stability.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp hydrotherapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((water* or bath* or pool or pools or shower* or underwater* or spa or spas or aqua*) adj2 (exercise* or train* or therap* or treat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hydrotherap* or hydro-therap*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(graded motor imagery or GMI or mirror therapy).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/45–64</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 and 65</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/67–73</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/75–84</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66 and (74 or 85)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appbtab3"><div id="niceng193er5.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chronic pain/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((chronic or persist* or idiopathic or atypical or a-typical) adj4 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Complex regional pain syndrome/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(complex regional pain syndrome* or CRPS or causalgia).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((reflex or sympathetic) adj2 dystroph*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fibromyalgia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fibromyalgia* or fibrositis or myofascial pain syndrome).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">vulvodynia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(vulvodynia or vestibulodynia or dyspareunia or vulvar vestibulitis or vulvitis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">interstitial cystitis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(interstitial adj2 cystitis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">algodystrophy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(algodystroph* or sudek or sudeck*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">myofascial pain/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">noncardiac chest pain/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cystalgia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pelvis pain syndrome/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(loin pain adj (haematuria or hematuria) adj syndrome*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LPHS or prostatodynia or CPPS or atypic* odontalgia or a-typic* odontalgia or burning mouth syndrome* or phantom tooth pain or neuropathic orofacial pain or “myofascial pain” or MPS).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pelvic or pelvis) adj pain syndrome*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((non-cardiac or noncardiac) adj3 chest adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(temporomandibular adj3 joint adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((prostate or vulv* or bladder or perineal) adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(functional pain syndrome* or non-cancer pain or noncancer pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pelvic or pelvis or abdominal) adj3 pain adj3 (unknown or un-known or idiopathic or atypic* or a-typic*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/27–31</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 not 33</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/34–41</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 not 42</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp exercise/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp kinesiotherapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp physical education/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pilates or yoga or feldenkrais or swim* or walk* or run* or jog* or treadmill* or tread mill*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(stretch* adj3 (active* or passive* or relax* or static* or dynamic* or gentl* or ballistic* or force* or isometric or technique* or exercis* or therap*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(aerobic* adj (exercise* or train* or therap*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((corrective* or biomechanic* or propiocet* or balance or flexib*) adj2 (exercise* or train* or therap*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((biomechanic* or mckenzie) adj (method* or course*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((strength* or stabil* or program* or train* or therap* or technique* or treat*) adj3 exercise*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(physical adj (fitness or conditioning or education or training or mobility or activit$ or exertion or effort)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">danc*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fitness* adj3 (program* or train* or therap*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tai ji or tai chi or taichi or taiji or taijiquan).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qigong or ch’i k#ng or ch’i g#ng or chi k#ng or chi g#ng or qi k#ng or qi g#ng).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">core stability.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp hydrotherapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((water* or bath* or pool or pools or shower* or underwater* or spa or spas or aqua*) adj2 (exercise* or train* or therap* or treat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hydrotherap* or hydro-therap*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(graded motor imagery or GMI or mirror therapy).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/44–62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 and 63</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 64 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/66–72</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/74–83</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65 and (73 or 84)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appbtab4"><div id="niceng193er5.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Chronic Pain] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((chronic or persist* or idiopathic or atypical or a-typical) near/4 pain):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Complex Regional Pain Syndromes] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(complex regional pain syndrome* or CRPS or causalgia):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((reflex or sympathetic) near/2 dystroph*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Fibromyalgia] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fibromyalgia* or fibrositis or myofascial pain syndrome):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Vulvodynia] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(vulvodynia or vestibulodynia or dyspareunia or vulvar vestibulitis or vulvitis):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Cystitis, Interstitial] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(interstitial near/2 cystitis):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(algodystroph* or sudek or sudeck*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Myofascial Pain Syndromes] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(loinpain near (haematuria or hematuria) near syndrome*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LPHS or prostatodynia or CPPS or atypic* odontalgia or a-typic* odontalgia or burning mouth syndrome* or phantom tooth pain or neuropathic orofacial pain or “myofascial pain” or MPS):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pelvic or pelvis) near pain syndrome*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((non-cardiac or noncardiac) near/3 chest near/3 pain):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(temporomandibular near/3 joint near/3 pain):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((prostate or vulv* or bladder or perineal) near/3 pain):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(functional pain syndrome* or non-cancer pain or noncancer pain):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pelvic or pelvis or abdominal) near/3 pain near/3 (unknown or un-known or idiopathic or atypic* or a-typic*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #1–#22)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Exercise] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Exercise Therapy] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Exercise Movement Techniques] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Physical Education and Training] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pilates or yoga or feldenkrais or swim* or walk* or run* or jog* or treadmill* or tread mill*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(stretch* near/3 (active* or passive* or relax* or static* or dynamic* or gentl* or ballistic* or force* or isometric or technique* or exercis* or therap*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(aerobic* near (exercise* or train* or therap*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((corrective* or biomechanic* or propiocet* or balance or flexib*) near/2 (exercise* or train* or therap*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((biomechanic* or mckenzie) near (method* or course*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((strength* or stabil* or program* or train* or therap* or technique* or treat*) near/3 exercise*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(physical near (fitness or conditioning or education or training or mobility or activit$ or exertion or effort)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">danc*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fitness* near/3 (program* or train* or therap*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tai ji or tai chi or taichi or taiji or taijiquan):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qigong or ch’i k?ng or ch’i g?ng or chi k?ng or chi g?ng or qi k?ng or qi g?ng):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">core stability:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Hydrotherapy] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((water* or bath* or pool or pools or shower* or underwater* or spa or spas or aqua*) near/2 (exercise* or train* or therap* or treat*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hydrotherap* or hydro-therap*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(graded motor imagery or GMI or mirror therapy):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #24–#43)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23 and #44</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appbtab5"><div id="niceng193er5.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 70</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 30 September 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics modelling studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 30 September 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics modelling studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>HTA - Inception – 30 September 2019</p>
|
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<p>NHSEED - Inception to March 2015</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appbtab6"><div id="niceng193er5.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">chronic pain/ or pain, intractable/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((persist* or intract* or chronic or longstanding or long standing or longterm or long term or refractory or prolong* or long last* or sustain* or linger* or syndrome*) adj3 pain*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((chronic or persist* or idiopathic or atypical or a-typical) adj4 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Complex Regional Pain Syndromes/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(complex regional pain syndrome* or CRPS or causalgia).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fibromyalgia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((reflex or sympathetic) adj2 dystroph*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">vulvodynia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(vulvodynia or vestibulodynia or dyspareunia or vulvar vestibulitis or vulvitis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">interstitial cystitis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(interstitial adj2 cystitis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">algodystrophy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(algodystroph* or sudek or sudeck*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp myofascial pain syndromes/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cystitis, interstitial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(loin pain adj (haematuria or hematuria) adj syndrome*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LPHS or prostatodynia or CPPS or atypic* odontalgia or a-typic* odontalgia or burning mouth syndrome* or phantom tooth pain or neuropathic orofacial pain or “myofascial pain” or MPS).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pelvic or pelvis) adj pain syndrome*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((non-cardiac or noncardiac) adj3 chest adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(temporomandibular adj3 joint adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((prostate or vulv* or bladder or perineal) adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(functional pain syndrome* or non-cancer pain or noncancer pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pelvic or pelvis or abdominal) adj3 pain adj3 (unknown or un-known or idiopathic or atypic* or a-typic*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fibromyalgia* or fibrositis or myofascial pain syndrome).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–24</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26–33</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34 not 35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/36–42</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 not 43</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/45–60</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp models, economic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Models, Theoretical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Models, Organizational/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">markov chains/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Decision Theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/62–70</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 and (61 or 71)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appbtab7"><div id="niceng193er5.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">chronic pain/ or pain, intractable/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((persist* or intract* or chronic or longstanding or long standing or longterm or long term or refractory or prolong* or long last* or sustain* or linger* or syndrome*) adj3 pain*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((chronic or persist* or idiopathic or atypical or a-typical) adj4 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Complex regional pain syndrome/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(complex regional pain syndrome* or CRPS or causalgia).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((reflex or sympathetic) adj2 dystroph*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fibromyalgia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fibromyalgia* or fibrositis or myofascial pain syndrome).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">vulvodynia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(vulvodynia or vestibulodynia or dyspareunia or vulvar vestibulitis or vulvitis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">interstitial cystitis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(interstitial adj2 cystitis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">algodystrophy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(algodystroph* or sudek or sudeck*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">myofascial pain/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">noncardiac chest pain/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cystalgia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pelvis pain syndrome/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(loin pain adj (haematuria or hematuria) adj syndrome*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LPHS or prostatodynia or CPPS or atypic* odontalgia or a-typic* odontalgia or burning mouth syndrome* or phantom tooth pain or neuropathic orofacial pain or “myofascial pain” or MPS).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pelvic or pelvis) adj pain syndrome*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((non-cardiac or noncardiac) adj3 chest adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(temporomandibular adj3 joint adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((prostate or vulv* or bladder or perineal) adj3 pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(functional pain syndrome* or non-cancer pain or noncancer pain).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pelvic or pelvis or abdominal) adj3 pain adj3 (unknown or un-known or idiopathic or atypic* or a-typic*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/28–32</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 not 34</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/35–42</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 not 43</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/45–57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">statistical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic aspect/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59 and 60</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*theoretical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*nonbiological model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stochastic model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision tree/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/61–70</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 and (58 or 71)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appbtab8"><div id="niceng193er5.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Chronic Pain EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((persist* or intract* or chronic or longstanding or long standing or longterm or long term or refractory or prolong* or long last* or sustain* or linger* or syndrome*) adj3 pain*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((chronic or persist* or idiopathic or atypical or a-typical) adj4 pain))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Complex Regional Pain Syndromes EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((complex regional pain syndrome* or CRPS or causalgia))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Fibromyalgia EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((reflex or sympathetic) adj2 dystroph*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Vulvodynia EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((vulvodynia or vestibulodynia or dyspareunia or vulvar vestibulitis or vulvitis))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Cystitis, Interstitial EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((interstitial adj2 cystitis))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((algodystroph* or sudek or sudeck*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Myofascial Pain Syndromes EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((loin pain adj (haematuria or hematuria) adj syndrome*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((LPHS or prostatodynia or CPPS or atypic* odontalgia or a-typic* odontalgia or burning mouth syndrome* or phantom tooth pain or neuropathic orofacial pain or “myofascial pain” or MPS))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((pelvic or pelvis) adj pain syndrome*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((non-cardiac or noncardiac) adj3 chest adj3 pain))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((temporomandibular adj3 joint adj3 pain))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((prostate or vulv* or bladder or perineal) adj3 pain))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((functional pain syndrome* or non-cancer pain or noncancer pain))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((pelvic or pelvis or abdominal) adj3 pain adj3 (unknown or un-known or idiopathic or atypic* or a-typic*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((fibromyalgia* or fibrositis or myofascial pain syndrome))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12 OR #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21 OR #22 OR #23)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appcfig1"><div id="niceng193er5.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20exercise.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of exercise." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of exercise</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig1"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%20final%20values%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig2"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%20FIQ%20pain%20subscale%2C%20final%20values%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig3"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(FIQ%20pain%20subscale%2C%20final%20values%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Pain at >3 months (FIQ pain subscale, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (FIQ pain subscale, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Note: 18 month timepoint not meta-analysed with 12–24 week data.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig4"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig5"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20functional%20capacity%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 functional capacity subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 functional capacity subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig6"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20appearance%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical appearance subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical appearance subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig7"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20pain%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig8"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20vitality%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig9"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20social%20aspects%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social aspects subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social aspects subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig10"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20emotional%20aspects%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional aspects subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional aspects subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig11"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20health%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig12"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(EQ-5D%2C%20%022120.594%020131%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef12.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig13"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2014.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(EQ-5D%2C%20%022120.594%020131%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef13.jpg" alt="Figure 14. Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 14</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig14"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2015.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(EQ-5D-VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef14.jpg" alt="Figure 15. Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D-VAS, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 15</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D-VAS, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig15"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2016.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(EQ-5D-VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef15.jpg" alt="Figure 16. Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D-VAS, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 16</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D-VAS, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig16"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2017.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Timed%20up%20and%20go%2C%20seconds%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef16.jpg" alt="Figure 17. Physical function at ≤3 months (Timed up and go, seconds, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 17</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Timed up and go, seconds, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig17"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2018.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%20physical%20function%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef17.jpg" alt="Figure 18. Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 18</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig18"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2019.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(6%20minute%20walking%20test%2C%20final%20values%2C%20metres).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef18.jpg" alt="Figure 19. Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 19</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig19"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig19" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2020.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(FIQ%20and%20SF-36%20physical%20function%20subscales%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef19.jpg" alt="Figure 20. Physical function at >3 months (FIQ and SF-36 physical function subscales, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 20</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ and SF-36 physical function subscales, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig20"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig20" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2021.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(FIQ%20physical%20function%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef20.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef20.jpg" alt="Figure 21. Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 21</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Note: 18 month timepoint not meta-analysed with 16–24 week data.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig21"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig21" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2022.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20BDI%2C%200%0201361%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef21.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef21.jpg" alt="Figure 22. Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values and change scores, BDI, 0–61, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 22</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values and change scores, BDI, 0–61, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig22"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig22" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2023.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Final%20values%2C%20VAS%20and%20FIQ%20depression%20scale%2C%200%0201310%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef22.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef22.jpg" alt="Figure 23. Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 23</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig23"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig23" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2024.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Final%20values%2C%20VAS%20and%20FIQ%20anxiety%20scales%2C%20BAI%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef23.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef23.jpg" alt="Figure 24. Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ anxiety scales, BAI, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 24</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ anxiety scales, BAI, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig24"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig24" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2025.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Change%20scores%2C%20STAI%20anxiety%20total%20scores%2C%200%0201321%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef24.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef24.jpg" alt="Figure 25. Psychological distress at >3 months (Change scores, STAI anxiety total scores, 0–21, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 25</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (Change scores, STAI anxiety total scores, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig25"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig25" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2026.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Final%20values%2C%20FIQ%20depression%20scale%2C%200%0201310%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef25.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef25.jpg" alt="Figure 26. Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 26</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Note: 18 month timepoint not meta-analysed with 12–24 week data.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig26"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig26" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2027.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Final%20values%2C%20FIQ%20anxiety%20scale%2C%200%0201310%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef26.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef26.jpg" alt="Figure 27. Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, FIQ anxiety scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 27</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, FIQ anxiety scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Note: 18 month timepoint not meta-analysed with 12–24 week data.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig27"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig27" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2028.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Final%20values%2C%20BDI%20dpression%20scale%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef27.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef27.jpg" alt="Figure 28. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Final values, BDI dpression scale, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 28</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Final values, BDI dpression scale, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig28"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig28" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2029.%20Use%20of%20healthcare%20services%20at%2012%20weeks%20(Number%20of%20GP%20contacts).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef28.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef28.jpg" alt="Figure 29. Use of healthcare services at 12 weeks (Number of GP contacts)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 29</span><span class="title">Use of healthcare services at 12 weeks (Number of GP contacts)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig29"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig29" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2030.%20Use%20of%20healthcare%20services%20at%2018%20months%20(Number%20of%20GP%20contacts).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef29.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef29.jpg" alt="Figure 30. Use of healthcare services at 18 months (Number of GP contacts)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 30</span><span class="title">Use of healthcare services at 18 months (Number of GP contacts)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig30"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig30" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2031.%20Use%20of%20healthcare%20services%20at%2012%20weeks%20(Number%20of%20medical%20specialist%20contacts).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef30.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef30.jpg" alt="Figure 31. Use of healthcare services at 12 weeks (Number of medical specialist contacts)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 31</span><span class="title">Use of healthcare services at 12 weeks (Number of medical specialist contacts)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig31"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig31" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2032.%20Use%20of%20healthcare%20services%20at%2018%20months%20(Number%20of%20medical%20specialist%20contacts).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef31.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef31.jpg" alt="Figure 32. Use of healthcare services at 18 months (Number of medical specialist contacts)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 32</span><span class="title">Use of healthcare services at 18 months (Number of medical specialist contacts)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig32"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig32" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2033.%20Use%20of%20healthcare%20services%20at%2012%20weeks%20(Number%20of%20physiotherapist%20contacts).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef32.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef32.jpg" alt="Figure 33. Use of healthcare services at 12 weeks (Number of physiotherapist contacts)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 33</span><span class="title">Use of healthcare services at 12 weeks (Number of physiotherapist contacts)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig33"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig33" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2034.%20Use%20of%20healthcare%20services%20at%2018%20months%20(Number%20of%20physiotherapist%20contacts).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef33.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef33.jpg" alt="Figure 34. Use of healthcare services at 18 months (Number of physiotherapist contacts)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 34</span><span class="title">Use of healthcare services at 18 months (Number of physiotherapist contacts)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig34"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig34" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2035.%20Sleep%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%20sleep%20scale%2C%20PSQI%2C%20FIQ%20sleep%20subscale%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef34.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef34.jpg" alt="Figure 35. Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep scale, PSQI, FIQ sleep subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 35</span><span class="title">Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep scale, PSQI, FIQ sleep subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig35"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig35" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2036.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef35.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef35.jpg" alt="Figure 36. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 36</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig36"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig36" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2037.%20Pain%20reduction%20at%20%022643%20months%20(final%20values%2C%20VAS%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef36.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef36.jpg" alt="Figure 37. Pain reduction at ≤3 months (final values, VAS, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 37</span><span class="title">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (final values, VAS, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig37"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig37" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2038.%20Pain%20reduction%20at%20%022643%20months%20(change%20scores%20and%20final%20values%2C%20VAS%2C%20NRS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef37.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef37.jpg" alt="Figure 38. Pain reduction at ≤3 months (change scores and final values, VAS, NRS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 38</span><span class="title">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (change scores and final values, VAS, NRS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig38"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig38" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2039.%20Pain%20reduction%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%20NRS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef38.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef38.jpg" alt="Figure 39. Pain reduction at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 39</span><span class="title">Pain reduction at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig39"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig39" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2040.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef39.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef39.jpg" alt="Figure 40. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 40</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig40"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig40" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2041.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef40.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef40.jpg" alt="Figure 41. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 41</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig41"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig41" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2042.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2Cfinal%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef41.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef41.jpg" alt="Figure 42. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100,final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 42</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100,final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig42"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig42" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2043.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%20change%20scores%20and%20final%20values%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef42.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef42.jpg" alt="Figure 43. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, change scores and final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 43</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, change scores and final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig43"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig43" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2044.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(final%20values%2C%20FIQ%20physical%20function%20subscale%2C%20Northwick%20pain%20questionnaire%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef43.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef43.jpg" alt="Figure 44. Physical function at ≤3 months (final values, FIQ physical function subscale, Northwick pain questionnaire, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 44</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (final values, FIQ physical function subscale, Northwick pain questionnaire, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig44"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig44" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2045.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(6%20minute%20walking%20test%2C%20final%20values%2C%20metres).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef44.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef44.jpg" alt="Figure 45. Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 45</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig45"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig45" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2046.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(final%20values%2C%20Northwick%20Park%20questionnaire%2C%20Neck%20disability%20index%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef45.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef45.jpg" alt="Figure 46. Physical function at >3 months (final values, Northwick Park questionnaire, Neck disability index, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 46</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (final values, Northwick Park questionnaire, Neck disability index, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig46"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig46" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2047.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(change%20scores%2C%20SF-36%20physical%20function%20subscale%2C%20HAQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef46.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef46.jpg" alt="Figure 47. Physical function at >3 months (change scores, SF-36 physical function subscale, HAQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 47</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (change scores, SF-36 physical function subscale, HAQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig47"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig47" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2048.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(final%20scores%2C%20pain%20catastrophising%20scale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef47.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef47.jpg" alt="Figure 48. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (final scores, pain catastrophising scale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 48</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (final scores, pain catastrophising scale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig48"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig48" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2049.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201361%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef48.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef48.jpg" alt="Figure 49. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 49</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig49"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig49" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2050.%20Use%20of%20healthcare%20services%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef49.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef49.jpg" alt="Figure 50. Use of healthcare services at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 50</span><span class="title">Use of healthcare services at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig50"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig50" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2051.%20Sleep%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%20sleep%20scale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef50.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef50.jpg" alt="Figure 51. Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep scale, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 51</span><span class="title">Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep scale, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig51"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig51" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2052.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef51.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef51.jpg" alt="Figure 52. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 52</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig52"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig52" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2053.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef52.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef52.jpg" alt="Figure 53. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 53</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig53"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig53" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2054.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef53.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef53.jpg" alt="Figure 54. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 54</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig54"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig54" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2055.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%20FIQ%20pain%20subscale%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef54.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef54.jpg" alt="Figure 55. Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 55</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig55"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig55" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2056.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(EQ-5D%2C%20%022120.594%20to%201%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef55.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef55.jpg" alt="Figure 56. Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594 to 1, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 56</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594 to 1, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig56"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig56" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2057.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef56.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef56.jpg" alt="Figure 57. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 57</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig57"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig57" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2058.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef57.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef57.jpg" alt="Figure 58. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 58</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig58"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig58" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2059.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(EQ-5D%2C%20%022120.594%20to%201%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef58.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef58.jpg" alt="Figure 59. Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594 to 1, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 59</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594 to 1, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig59"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig59" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2060.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20functioning%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef59.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef59.jpg" alt="Figure 60. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 60</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig60"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig60" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2061.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20role%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef60.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef60.jpg" alt="Figure 61. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 61</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig61"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig61" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2062.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20emotional%20role%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef61.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef61.jpg" alt="Figure 62. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 62</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig62"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig62" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2063.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20vitality%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef62.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef62.jpg" alt="Figure 63. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 63</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig63"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig63" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2064.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20health%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef63.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef63.jpg" alt="Figure 64. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 64</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig64"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig64" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2065.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20social%20role%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef64.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef64.jpg" alt="Figure 65. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 65</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig65"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig65" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2066.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20bodily%20pain%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef65.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef65.jpg" alt="Figure 66. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 bodily pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 66</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 bodily pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig66"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig66" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2067.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20general%20health%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef66.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef66.jpg" alt="Figure 67. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 67</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig67"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig67" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2068.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(quarter%20mile%20walk%20test%2C%20seconds%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome%60).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef67.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef67.jpg" alt="Figure 68. Physical function at >3 months (quarter mile walk test, seconds, final values, high is poor outcome`)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 68</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (quarter mile walk test, seconds, final values, high is poor outcome`)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig68"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig68" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2069.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(6%20minute%20walk%20test%2C%20final%20values%2C%20metres).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef68.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef68.jpg" alt="Figure 69. Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walk test, final values, metres)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 69</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walk test, final values, metres)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig69"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig69" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2070.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(6%20minute%20walk%20test%2C%20final%20values%2C%20metres).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef69.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef69.jpg" alt="Figure 70. Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walk test, final values, metres)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 70</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walk test, final values, metres)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig70"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig70" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2071.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(FIQ%20physical%20function%20subscale%2C%200%0201310%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef70.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef70.jpg" alt="Figure 71. Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 71</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig71"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig71" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2072.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201330%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef71.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef71.jpg" alt="Figure 72. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 72</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig72"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig72" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2073.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(State%20anxiety%20inventory%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef72.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef72.jpg" alt="Figure 73. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State anxiety inventory, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 73</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State anxiety inventory, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig73"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig73" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2074.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%20anxiety%2C%200%0201321%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef73.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef73.jpg" alt="Figure 74. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 74</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig74"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig74" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2075.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(CES-D%2C%20BDI%2C%20FIQ%20depression%20subscale%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef74.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef74.jpg" alt="Figure 75. Psychological distress at >3 months (CES-D, BDI, FIQ depression subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 75</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (CES-D, BDI, FIQ depression subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig75"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig75" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2076.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(State%20anxiety%20inventory%2C%2020%0201380%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef75.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef75.jpg" alt="Figure 76. Psychological distress at >3 months (State anxiety inventory, 20–80, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 76</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (State anxiety inventory, 20–80, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig76"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig76" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2077.%20Sleep%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Pittsburgh%20sleep%20quality%20index%2C%200%0201321%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef76.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef76.jpg" alt="Figure 77. Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 77</span><span class="title">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig77"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig77" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2078.%20Health%20care%20utilisation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef77.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef77.jpg" alt="Figure 78. Health care utilisation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 78</span><span class="title">Health care utilisation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig78"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig78" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2079.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef78.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef78.jpg" alt="Figure 79. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 79</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig79"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig79" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2080.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef79.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef79.jpg" alt="Figure 80. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 80</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig80"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig80" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2081.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef80.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef80.jpg" alt="Figure 81. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 81</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig81"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig81" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2082.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef81.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef81.jpg" alt="Figure 82. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 82</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig82"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig82" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2083.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef82.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef82.jpg" alt="Figure 83. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 83</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig83"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig83" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2084.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%20SF-36%20pain%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef83.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef83.jpg" alt="Figure 84. Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 84</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig84"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig84" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2085.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef84.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef84.jpg" alt="Figure 85. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 85</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig85"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig85" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2086.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef85.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef85.jpg" alt="Figure 86. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 86</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig86"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig86" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2087.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef86.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef86.jpg" alt="Figure 87. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 87</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig87"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig87" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2088.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef87.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef87.jpg" alt="Figure 88. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 88</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig88"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig88" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2089.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20pain%20disability%20scale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef88.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef88.jpg" alt="Figure 89. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 89</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig89"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig89" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2090.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Neck%20pain%20disability%20scale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef89.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef89.jpg" alt="Figure 90. Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 90</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig90"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig90" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2091.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(ADS%20depression%20scale%2C%200%0201360%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef90.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef90.jpg" alt="Figure 91. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 91</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig91"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig91" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2092.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(ADS%20depression%20scale%2C%200%0201360%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef91.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef91.jpg" alt="Figure 92. Psychological distress at >3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 92</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig92"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig92" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2093.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef92.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef92.jpg" alt="Figure 93. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 93</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig93"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig93" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2094.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef93.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef93.jpg" alt="Figure 94. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 94</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig94"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig94" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2095.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef94.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef94.jpg" alt="Figure 95. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 95</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig95"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig95" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2096.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef95.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef95.jpg" alt="Figure 96. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 96</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig96"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig96" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2097.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef96.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef96.jpg" alt="Figure 97. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 97</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig97"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig97" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2098.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef97.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef97.jpg" alt="Figure 98. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 98</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig98"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig98" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2099.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef98.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef98.jpg" alt="Figure 99. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 99</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig99"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig99" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20100.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%20anxiety%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef99.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef99.jpg" alt="Figure 100. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 100</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig100"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig100" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20101.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(HADS%20anxiety%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef100.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef100.jpg" alt="Figure 101. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 101</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig101"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig101" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20102.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%20depression%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef101.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef101.jpg" alt="Figure 102. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 102</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig102"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig102" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20103.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(HADS%20depression%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef102.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef102.jpg" alt="Figure 103. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 103</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig103"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig103" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20104.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef103.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef103.jpg" alt="Figure 104. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 104</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig104"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig104" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20105.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef104.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef104.jpg" alt="Figure 105. Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 105</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig105"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig105" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20106.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef105.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef105.jpg" alt="Figure 106. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 106</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig106"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig106" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20107.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%0201310%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef106.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef106.jpg" alt="Figure 107. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 107</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig107"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig107" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20108.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%0201310%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef107.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef107.jpg" alt="Figure 108. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 108</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig108"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig108" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20109.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef108.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef108.jpg" alt="Figure 109. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 109</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig109"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig109" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20110.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef109.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef109.jpg" alt="Figure 110. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 110</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig110"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig110" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20111.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Sit%20to%20stand%20test%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef110.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef110.jpg" alt="Figure 111. Physical function at ≤3 months (Sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 111</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig111"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig111" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20112.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Sit%20to%20stand%20test%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef111.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef111.jpg" alt="Figure 112. Physical function at >3 months (Sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 112</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (Sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig112"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig112" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20113.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201361%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef112.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef112.jpg" alt="Figure 113. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 113</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig113"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig113" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20114.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201361%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef113.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef113.jpg" alt="Figure 114. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 114</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig114"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig114" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20115.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef114.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef114.jpg" alt="Figure 115. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 115</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig115"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig115" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20116.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%20FIQ%20pain%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef115.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef115.jpg" alt="Figure 116. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 116</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig116"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig116" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20117.%20Pain%20improvement%20at%20%3C3%20months%20(30%25%20improvement%20on%20NRS).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef116.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef116.jpg" alt="Figure 117. Pain improvement at <3 months (30% improvement on NRS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 117</span><span class="title">Pain improvement at <3 months (30% improvement on NRS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig117"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig117" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20118.%20Pain%20improvement%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(30%25%20improvement%20on%20NRS).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef117.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef117.jpg" alt="Figure 118. Pain improvement at >3 months (30% improvement on NRS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 118</span><span class="title">Pain improvement at >3 months (30% improvement on NRS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig118"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig118" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20119.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%20SF-36%20pain%20score%2C%20final%20values%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef118.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef118.jpg" alt="Figure 119. Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 119</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>NB: Heterogeneity explained by subgroup analysis</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig119"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig119" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20120.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(WHOQOL-BREF%2C%200%020135%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef119.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef119.jpg" alt="Figure 120. Quality of life at ≤3 months (WHOQOL-BREF, 0–5, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 120</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (WHOQOL-BREF, 0–5, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig120"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig120" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20121.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef120.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef120.jpg" alt="Figure 121. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 121</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig121"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig121" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20122.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef121.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef121.jpg" alt="Figure 122. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 122</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig122"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig122" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20123.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef122.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef122.jpg" alt="Figure 123. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 123</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig123"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig123" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20124.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef123.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef123.jpg" alt="Figure 124. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 124</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig124"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig124" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20125.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef124.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef124.jpg" alt="Figure 125. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 125</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig125"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig125" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20126.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20functional%20capacity%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef125.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef125.jpg" alt="Figure 126. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 functional capacity subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 126</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 functional capacity subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig126"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig126" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20127.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef126.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef126.jpg" alt="Figure 127. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 127</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig127"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig127" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20128.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20pain%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef127.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef127.jpg" alt="Figure 128. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 128</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig128"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig128" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20129.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20vitality%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef128.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef128.jpg" alt="Figure 129. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 129</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig129"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig129" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20130.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20general%20health%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef129.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef129.jpg" alt="Figure 130. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 130</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig130"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig130" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20131.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20social%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef130.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef130.jpg" alt="Figure 131. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 131</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig131"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig131" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20132.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20emotional%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef131.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef131.jpg" alt="Figure 132. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 132</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig132"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig132" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20133.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20health%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef132.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef132.jpg" alt="Figure 133. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 133</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig133"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig133" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20134.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Neck%20pain%20disability%20scale%2C%20NDI%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef133.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef133.jpg" alt="Figure 134. Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, NDI, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 134</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, NDI, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig134"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig134" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20135.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Neck%20pain%20disability%20scale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef134.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef134.jpg" alt="Figure 135. Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 135</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig135"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig135" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20136.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(6%20minute%20walk%20test%2C%20metres%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef135.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef135.jpg" alt="Figure 136. Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walk test, metres, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 136</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walk test, metres, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig136"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig136" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20137.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%3AD%2C%20BDI%2C%20CES-D%2C%20ADS%20depression%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef136.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef136.jpg" alt="Figure 137. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:D, BDI, CES-D, ADS depression, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 137</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:D, BDI, CES-D, ADS depression, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig137"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig137" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20138.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%3AA%200%0201361%2C%20STAI%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef137.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef137.jpg" alt="Figure 138. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:A 0–61, STAI 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 138</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:A 0–61, STAI 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig138"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig138" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20139.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(BDI%2C%20HADS%3AD%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef138.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef138.jpg" alt="Figure 139. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, HADS:D, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 139</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, HADS:D, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig139"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig139" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20140.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(HADS%3AA%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef139.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef139.jpg" alt="Figure 140. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS:A, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 140</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS:A, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig140"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig140" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20141.%20Sleep%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%20sleep%20outcome%2C%20Pittsburgh%20sleep%20quality%20index%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef140.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef140.jpg" alt="Figure 141. Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS sleep outcome, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 141</span><span class="title">Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS sleep outcome, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig141"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig141" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20142.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef141.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef141.jpg" alt="Figure 142. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 142</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig142"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig142" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20143.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef142.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef142.jpg" alt="Figure 143. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 143</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig143"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig143" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20144.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%20physical%20function%20subscale%2C%200%0201330%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef143.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef143.jpg" alt="Figure 144. Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 144</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig144"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig144" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20145.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef144.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef144.jpg" alt="Figure 145. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 145</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig145"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig145" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20146.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%20FIQ%20pain%20subscale%2C%20MDPI%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef145.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef145.jpg" alt="Figure 146. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, MDPI, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 146</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, MDPI, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig146"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig146" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20147.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef146.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef146.jpg" alt="Figure 147. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 147</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig147"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig147" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20148.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef147.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef147.jpg" alt="Figure 148. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 148</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is good outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig148"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig148" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20149.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef148.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef148.jpg" alt="Figure 149. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 149</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is good outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig149"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig149" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20150.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(multidimensional%20fatigue%20inventory%20reduced%20activity%20subscale%2C%20change%20scores%2C%200%0201320%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef149.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef149.jpg" alt="Figure 150. Physical function at ≤3 months (multidimensional fatigue inventory reduced activity subscale, change scores, 0–20, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 150</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (multidimensional fatigue inventory reduced activity subscale, change scores, 0–20, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig150"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig150" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20151.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(6%20minute%20walking%20test%2C%20final%20values%2C%20metres).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef150.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef150.jpg" alt="Figure 151. Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 151</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig151"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig151" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20152.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20SF-36%20physical%20functioning%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef151.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef151.jpg" alt="Figure 152. Physical function at >3 months (final values and change scores, SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 152</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (final values and change scores, SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig152"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig152" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20153.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%3A%20anxiety%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef152.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef152.jpg" alt="Figure 153. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 153</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig153"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig153" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20154.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%3A%20depression%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef153.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef153.jpg" alt="Figure 154. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 154</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig154"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig154" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20155.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201360%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef154.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef154.jpg" alt="Figure 155. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 155</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig155"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig155" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20156.%20Sleep%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%20sleep%20scale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef155.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef155.jpg" alt="Figure 156. Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS sleep scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 156</span><span class="title">Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS sleep scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig156"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig156" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20157.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef156.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef156.jpg" alt="Figure 157. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 157</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig157"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig157" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20158.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef157.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef157.jpg" alt="Figure 158. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 158</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig158"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig158" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20159.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef158.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef158.jpg" alt="Figure 159. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 159</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig159"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig159" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20160.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef159.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef159.jpg" alt="Figure 160. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 160</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig160"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig160" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20161.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef160.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef160.jpg" alt="Figure 161. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 161</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig161"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig161" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20162.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef161.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef161.jpg" alt="Figure 162. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 162</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig162"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig162" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20163.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef162.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef162.jpg" alt="Figure 163. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 163</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig163"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig163" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20164.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef163.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef163.jpg" alt="Figure 164. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 164</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig164"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig164" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20165.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef164.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef164.jpg" alt="Figure 165. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 165</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig165"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig165" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20166.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(STAI%20anxiety%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef165.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef165.jpg" alt="Figure 166. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (STAI anxiety, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 166</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (STAI anxiety, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig166"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig166" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20167.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(STAI%20anxiety%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef166.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef166.jpg" alt="Figure 167. Psychological distress at >3 months (STAI anxiety, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 167</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (STAI anxiety, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig167"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig167" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20168.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef167.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef167.jpg" alt="Figure 168. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 168</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig168"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig168" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20169.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%0201310%2C%20high%20score%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef168.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef168.jpg" alt="Figure 169. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, high score is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 169</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, high score is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig169"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig169" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20170.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF36%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20score%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef169.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef169.jpg" alt="Figure 170. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36, 0–100, high score is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 170</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36, 0–100, high score is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig170"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig170" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20171.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Scale%20of%20Catastropic%20Thoughts%20on%20Pain%2C%200%020135%2C%20high%20score%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef170.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef170.jpg" alt="Figure 171. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Scale of Catastropic Thoughts on Pain, 0–5, high score is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 171</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Scale of Catastropic Thoughts on Pain, 0–5, high score is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig171"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig171" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20172.%20Sleep%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Pittsburgh%20Sleep%20Quality%20Index%2C%200%0201321%2C%20high%20score%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef171.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef171.jpg" alt="Figure 172. Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 0–21, high score is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 172</span><span class="title">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 0–21, high score is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig172"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig172" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20173.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef172.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef172.jpg" alt="Figure 173. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 173</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig173"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig173" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20174.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef173.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef173.jpg" alt="Figure 174. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 174</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig174"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig174" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20175.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201361%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef174.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef174.jpg" alt="Figure 175. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 175</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig175"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig175" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20176.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef175.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef175.jpg" alt="Figure 176. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 176</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig176"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig176" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20177.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef176.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef176.jpg" alt="Figure 177. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 177</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig177"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig177" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20178.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef177.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef177.jpg" alt="Figure 178. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 178</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig178"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig178" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20179.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(NIS%20CPSI%20quality%20of%20life%20subscale%200%0201312%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef178.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef178.jpg" alt="Figure 179. Quality of life at ≤3 months (NIS CPSI quality of life subscale 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 179</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (NIS CPSI quality of life subscale 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig179"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig179" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20180.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(NIS%20CPSI%20quality%20of%20life%20subscale%200%0201312%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef179.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef179.jpg" alt="Figure 180. Quality of life at >3 months (NIS CPSI quality of life subscale 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 180</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (NIS CPSI quality of life subscale 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig180"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig180" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20181.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef180.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef180.jpg" alt="Figure 181. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 181</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig181"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig181" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20182.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef181.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef181.jpg" alt="Figure 182. Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 182</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig182"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig182" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20183.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef182.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef182.jpg" alt="Figure 183. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 183</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig183"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig183" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20184.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef183.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef183.jpg" alt="Figure 184. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 184</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig184"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig184" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20185.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef184.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef184.jpg" alt="Figure 185. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 185</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig185"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig185" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20186.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef185.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef185.jpg" alt="Figure 186. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 186</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig186"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig186" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20187.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef186.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef186.jpg" alt="Figure 187. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 187</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig187"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig187" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20188.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(6%20minute%20walking%20test%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20metres).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef187.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef187.jpg" alt="Figure 188. Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, change scores, metres)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 188</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, change scores, metres)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig188"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig188" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20189.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(6%20minute%20walking%20test%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20metres).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef188.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef188.jpg" alt="Figure 189. Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, change scores, metres)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 189</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, change scores, metres)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig189"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig189" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20190.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%20depression%2C%200%0201321%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef189.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef189.jpg" alt="Figure 190. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 190</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig190"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig190" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20191.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%20anxiety%2C%200%0201321%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef190.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef190.jpg" alt="Figure 191. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 191</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig191"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig191" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20192.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(HADS%20anxiety%2C%200%0201321%2C%20change%20scores%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef191.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef191.jpg" alt="Figure 192. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, change scores high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 192</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, change scores high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig192"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig192" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20193.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(HADS%20depression%2C%200%0201321%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef192.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef192.jpg" alt="Figure 193. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 193</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig193"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig193" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20194.%20Sleep%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Pittsburgh%20sleep%20quality%20index%2C%200%0201321%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef193.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef193.jpg" alt="Figure 194. Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 194</span><span class="title">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig194"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig194" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20195.%20Sleep%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Pittsburgh%20sleep%20quality%20index%2C%200%0201321%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef194.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef194.jpg" alt="Figure 195. Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 195</span><span class="title">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig195"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig195" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20196.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef195.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef195.jpg" alt="Figure 196. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 196</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig196"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig196" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20197.%20Pain%20at%204%20weeks%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef196.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef196.jpg" alt="Figure 197. Pain at 4 weeks (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 197</span><span class="title">Pain at 4 weeks (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig197"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig197" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20198.%20Pain%20at%2012%20weeks%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef197.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef197.jpg" alt="Figure 198. Pain at 12 weeks (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 198</span><span class="title">Pain at 12 weeks (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig198"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig198" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20199.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%204%20weeks%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef198.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef198.jpg" alt="Figure 199. Quality of life at 4 weeks (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 199</span><span class="title">Quality of life at 4 weeks (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig199"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig199" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20200.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%2012%20weeks%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef199.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef199.jpg" alt="Figure 200. Quality of life at 12 weeks (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 200</span><span class="title">Quality of life at 12 weeks (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig200"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig200" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20201.%20Sleep%20quality%20at%204%20weeks%20(final%20score%3B%20Pittsburgh%20Sleep%20Quality%20Index).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef200.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef200.jpg" alt="Figure 201. Sleep quality at 4 weeks (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 201</span><span class="title">Sleep quality at 4 weeks (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig201"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig201" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20202.%20Sleep%20quality%20at%2012%20weeks%20(final%20score%3B%20Pittsburgh%20Sleep%20Quality%20Index).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef201.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef201.jpg" alt="Figure 202. Sleep quality at 12 weeks (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 202</span><span class="title">Sleep quality at 12 weeks (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig202"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig202" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20203.%20Discontinuation%20at%2012%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef202.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef202.jpg" alt="Figure 203. Discontinuation at 12 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 203</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at 12 weeks</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig203"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig203" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20204.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%20total%20score%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef203.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef203.jpg" alt="Figure 204. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ total score, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 204</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ total score, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig204"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig204" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20205.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(number%20of%20steps%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef204.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef204.jpg" alt="Figure 205. Physical function at ≤3 months (number of steps, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 205</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (number of steps, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig205"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig205" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20206.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef205.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef205.jpg" alt="Figure 206. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 206</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig206"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig206" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20207.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%0201310%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef206.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef206.jpg" alt="Figure 207. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 207</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig207"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig207" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20208.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Nottingham%20Health%20Profile%2C%200%02013600%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef207.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef207.jpg" alt="Figure 208. Quality of life at ≤3 months (Nottingham Health Profile, 0–600, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 208</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (Nottingham Health Profile, 0–600, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig208"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig208" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20209.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20Disability%20Index%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef208.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef208.jpg" alt="Figure 209. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck Disability Index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 209</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck Disability Index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig209"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig209" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20210.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Beck%20Depression%20Inventory%2C%200%0201363%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef209.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef209.jpg" alt="Figure 210. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Beck Depression Inventory, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 210</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Beck Depression Inventory, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig210"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig210" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20211.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3C3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef210.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef210.jpg" alt="Figure 211. Discontinuation at <3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 211</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at <3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig211"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig211" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20212.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%0201310%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef211.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef211.jpg" alt="Figure 212. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 212</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig212"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig212" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20213.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Nottingham%20Health%20Profile%2C%200%02013600%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef212.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef212.jpg" alt="Figure 213. Quality of life at ≤3 months (Nottingham Health Profile, 0–600, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 213</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (Nottingham Health Profile, 0–600, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig213"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig213" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20214.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20Disability%20Index%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef213.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef213.jpg" alt="Figure 214. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck Disability Index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 214</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck Disability Index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig214"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig214" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20215.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Beck%20Depression%20Inventory%2C%200%0201363%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef214.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef214.jpg" alt="Figure 215. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Beck Depression Inventory, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 215</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Beck Depression Inventory, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig215"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig215" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20216.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%20and%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef215.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef215.jpg" alt="Figure 216. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores and final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 216</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores and final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig216"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig216" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20217.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef216.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef216.jpg" alt="Figure 217. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 217</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig217"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig217" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20218.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef217.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef217.jpg" alt="Figure 218. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 218</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig218"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig218" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20219.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%20physical%20function%20subscale%2C%200%0201330%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef218.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef218.jpg" alt="Figure 219. Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 219</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig219"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig219" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20220.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201361%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef219.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef219.jpg" alt="Figure 220. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 220</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig220"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig220" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20221.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(BAI%2C%200%0201361%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef220.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef220.jpg" alt="Figure 221. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BAI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 221</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BAI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig221"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig221" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20222.%20Sleep%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%20sleep%20subscale%2C%200%0201310%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef221.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef221.jpg" alt="Figure 222. Sleep at ≤3 months (FIQ sleep subscale, 0–10, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 222</span><span class="title">Sleep at ≤3 months (FIQ sleep subscale, 0–10, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig222"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig222" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20223.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef222.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef222.jpg" alt="Figure 223. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 223</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig223"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig223" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20224.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20functioning%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef223.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef223.jpg" alt="Figure 224. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 224</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig224"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig224" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20225.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20role%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef224.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef224.jpg" alt="Figure 225. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 225</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig225"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig225" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20226.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20emotional%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef225.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef225.jpg" alt="Figure 226. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 226</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig226"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig226" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20227.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20vitality%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef226.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef226.jpg" alt="Figure 227. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 227</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig227"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig227" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20228.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20emotional%20wellbeing%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef227.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef227.jpg" alt="Figure 228. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional wellbeing subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 228</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional wellbeing subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig228"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig228" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20229.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20social%20functioning%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef228.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef228.jpg" alt="Figure 229. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 229</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig229"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig229" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20230.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20bodily%20pain%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef229.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef229.jpg" alt="Figure 230. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 bodily pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 230</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 bodily pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig230"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig230" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20231.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20general%20health%20subscale%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef230.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef230.jpg" alt="Figure 231. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 231</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig231"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig231" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20232.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef231.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef231.jpg" alt="Figure 232. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 232</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig232"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig232" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20233.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef232.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef232.jpg" alt="Figure 233. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 233</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig233"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig233" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20234.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef233.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef233.jpg" alt="Figure 234. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 234</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig234"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig234" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20235.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef234.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef234.jpg" alt="Figure 235. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 235</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig235"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig235" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20236.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef235.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef235.jpg" alt="Figure 236. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 236</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig236"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig236" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20237.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef236.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef236.jpg" alt="Figure 237. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 237</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig237"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig237" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20238.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef237.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef237.jpg" alt="Figure 238. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 238</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig238"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig238" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20239.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%20neck%20pain%20disability%20scale%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef238.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef238.jpg" alt="Figure 239. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 239</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig239"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig239" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20240.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%20neck%20pain%20disability%20scale%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef239.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef239.jpg" alt="Figure 240. Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 240</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig240"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig240" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20241.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(ADS%20depression%20scale%2C%200%0201360%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef240.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef240.jpg" alt="Figure 241. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 241</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig241"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig241" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20242.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(ADS%20depression%20scale%2C%200%0201360%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef241.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef241.jpg" alt="Figure 242. Psychological distress at >3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 242</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig242"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig242" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20243.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef242.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef242.jpg" alt="Figure 243. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 243</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig243"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig243" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20244.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef243.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef243.jpg" alt="Figure 244. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 244</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig244"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig244" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20245.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef244.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef244.jpg" alt="Figure 245. Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 245</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig245"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig245" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20246.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef245.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef245.jpg" alt="Figure 246. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 246</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig246"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig246" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20247.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef246.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef246.jpg" alt="Figure 247. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 247</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig247"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig247" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20248.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef247.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef247.jpg" alt="Figure 248. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 248</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig248"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig248" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20249.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef248.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef248.jpg" alt="Figure 249. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 249</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig249"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig249" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20250.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef249.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef249.jpg" alt="Figure 250. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 250</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig250"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig250" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20251.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef250.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef250.jpg" alt="Figure 251. Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 251</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig251"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig251" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20252.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%20anxiety%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef251.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef251.jpg" alt="Figure 252. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 252</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig252"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig252" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20253.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(HADS%20anxiety%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef252.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef252.jpg" alt="Figure 253. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 253</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig253"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig253" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20254.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(HADS%20depression%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef253.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef253.jpg" alt="Figure 254. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 254</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig254"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig254" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20255.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(HADS%20depression%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef254.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef254.jpg" alt="Figure 255. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 255</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig255"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig255" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20256.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef255.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef255.jpg" alt="Figure 256. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 256</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig256"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig256" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20257.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%200%0201350%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef256.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef256.jpg" alt="Figure 257. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 257</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig257"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig257" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20258.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef257.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef257.jpg" alt="Figure 258. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 258</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig258"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig258" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20259.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef258.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef258.jpg" alt="Figure 259. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 259</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig259"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig259" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20260.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201361%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef259.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef259.jpg" alt="Figure 260. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 260</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig260"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig260" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20261.%20Sleep%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Pittsburgh%20sleep%20quality%20index%2C%200%0201321%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef260.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef260.jpg" alt="Figure 261. Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 261</span><span class="title">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig261"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig261" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20262.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef261.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef261.jpg" alt="Figure 262. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 262</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig262"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig262" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20263.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%200%0201310%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef262.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef262.jpg" alt="Figure 263. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 263</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig263"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig263" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20264.%20Quality%20of%20life%20%022643%20months%20(Nottingham%20Health%20Profile%2C%200%02013600%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef263.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef263.jpg" alt="Figure 264. Quality of life ≤3 months (Nottingham Health Profile, 0–600, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 264</span><span class="title">Quality of life ≤3 months (Nottingham Health Profile, 0–600, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig264"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig264" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20265.%20Physical%20function%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20Disability%20Index%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef264.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef264.jpg" alt="Figure 265. Physical function ≤3 months (Neck Disability Index, 0–100, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 265</span><span class="title">Physical function ≤3 months (Neck Disability Index, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig265"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig265" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20266.%20Psychological%20distress%20%022643%20months%20(Beck%20Depression%20Inventory%2C%200%0201363%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef265.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef265.jpg" alt="Figure 266. Psychological distress ≤3 months (Beck Depression Inventory, 0–63, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 266</span><span class="title">Psychological distress ≤3 months (Beck Depression Inventory, 0–63, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig266"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig266" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20267.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef266.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef266.jpg" alt="Figure 267. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 267</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig267"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig267" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20268.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(BDI%2C%200%0201363%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef267.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef267.jpg" alt="Figure 268. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 268</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig268"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig268" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20269.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef268.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef268.jpg" alt="Figure 269. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 269</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig269"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig269" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20270.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef269.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef269.jpg" alt="Figure 270. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 270</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig270"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig270" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20271.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef270.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef270.jpg" alt="Figure 271. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 271</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig271"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig271" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20272.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(VAS%2C%20NRS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef271.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef271.jpg" alt="Figure 272. Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 272</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>NB: Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig272"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig272" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20273.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(VAS%2C%20NRS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef272.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef272.jpg" alt="Figure 273. Pain at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 273</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>NB: Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig273"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig273" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20274.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%20and%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef273.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef273.jpg" alt="Figure 274. Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 274</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig274"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig274" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20275.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(EQ-5D%2C%20%022120.594%020131%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome%2C%20final%20values).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef274.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef274.jpg" alt="Figure 275. Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, high is good outcome, final values)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 275</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, high is good outcome, final values)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig275"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig275" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20276.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF36%2C%200%02013100%2C%20high%20score%20is%20good%20outcome.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef275.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef275.jpg" alt="Figure 276. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36, 0–100, high score is good outcome." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 276</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF36, 0–100, high score is good outcome</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig276"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig276" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20277.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(FIQ%20physical%20function%20subscale%2C%200%0201310%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome%2C%20change%20scores).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef276.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef276.jpg" alt="Figure 277. Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, high is poor outcome, change scores)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 277</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, high is poor outcome, change scores)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig277"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig277" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20278.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(6%20minute%20walking%20test%2C%20metres%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome%2C%20final%20values).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef277.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef277.jpg" alt="Figure 278. Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, high is good outcome, final values)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 278</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, high is good outcome, final values)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig278"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig278" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20279.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(6%20minute%20walking%20test%2C%20final%20values%2C%20metres).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef278.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef278.jpg" alt="Figure 279. Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 279</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig279"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig279" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20280.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%022643%20months%20(CES-D%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef279.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef279.jpg" alt="Figure 280. Psychological distress at ≤3 months (CES-D, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 280</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (CES-D, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig280"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig280" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20281.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(HADS%20depression%2C%200%0201321%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef280.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef280.jpg" alt="Figure 281. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 281</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig281"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig281" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20282.%20Psychological%20distress%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(HADS%20anxiety%2C%200%0201321%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef281.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef281.jpg" alt="Figure 282. Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 282</span><span class="title">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig282"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig282" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20283.%20Sleep%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(the%20sleep%20scale%2C%200%0201320%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef282.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef282.jpg" alt="Figure 283. Sleep at >3 months (the sleep scale, 0–20, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 283</span><span class="title">Sleep at >3 months (the sleep scale, 0–20, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig283"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig283" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20284.%20Sleep%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(pittsburgh%20sleep%20quality%20index%2C%200%02013100%2C%20change%20scores%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef283.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef283.jpg" alt="Figure 284. Sleep at >3 months (pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 284</span><span class="title">Sleep at >3 months (pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig284"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig284" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20285.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef284.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef284.jpg" alt="Figure 285. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 285</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig285"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig285" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20286.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(NRS%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome%2C%200%0201310%2C%20final%20values).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef285.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef285.jpg" alt="Figure 286. Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, 0–10, final values)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 286</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, 0–10, final values)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig286"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig286" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20287.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(NRS%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome%2C%200%0201310%2C%20final%20values).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef286.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef286.jpg" alt="Figure 287. Pain at >3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, 0–10, final values)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 287</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, 0–10, final values)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig287"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig287" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20288.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome%2C%20final%20values%2C%200%0201350).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef287.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef287.jpg" alt="Figure 288. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 288</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig288"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig288" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20289.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome%2C%20final%20values%2C%200%0201350).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef288.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef288.jpg" alt="Figure 289. Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 289</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig289"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig289" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20290.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef289.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef289.jpg" alt="Figure 290. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 290</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig290"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig290" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20291.%20Pain%20at%20%3C3%20months%20(VAS%2C%20NRS%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome%2C%20final%20values%2C%200%02013100).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef290.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef290.jpg" alt="Figure 291. Pain at <3 months (VAS, NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 291</span><span class="title">Pain at <3 months (VAS, NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig291"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig291" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20292.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(NRS%2C%20VAS%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef291.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef291.jpg" alt="Figure 292. Pain at >3 months (NRS, VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 292</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (NRS, VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig292"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig292" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20293.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(FIQ%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef292.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef292.jpg" alt="Figure 293. Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 293</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig293"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig293" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20294.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef293.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef293.jpg" alt="Figure 294. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 294</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig294"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig294" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20295.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20physical%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef294.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef294.jpg" alt="Figure 295. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 295</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig295"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig295" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20296.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%022643%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef295.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef295.jpg" alt="Figure 296. Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 296</span><span class="title">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig296"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig296" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20297.%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(SF-36%20mental%20component%20summary%20score%2C%200%02013100%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20good%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef296.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef296.jpg" alt="Figure 297. Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 297</span><span class="title">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig297"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig297" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20298.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(neck%20disability%20index%2C%20functional%20performance%20scale%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef297.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef297.jpg" alt="Figure 298. Physical function at >3 months (neck disability index, functional performance scale, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 298</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (neck disability index, functional performance scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Heterogeneity not explained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig298"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig298" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20299.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(neck%20disability%20index%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome%2C%20final%20values%2C%200%02013100).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef298.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef298.jpg" alt="Figure 299. Physical function at >3 months (neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 299</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig299"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig299" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20300.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome%2C%200%02013100).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef299.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef299.jpg" alt="Figure 300. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, 0–100)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 300</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, 0–100)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig300"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig300" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20301.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%3E3%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef300.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef300.jpg" alt="Figure 301. Discontinuation at >3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 301</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at >3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig301"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig301" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20302.%20Pain%20at%20%022643%20months%20(NRS%2C%200%0201310%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef301.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef301.jpg" alt="Figure 302. Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 302</span><span class="title">Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig302"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig302" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20303.%20Pain%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(NRS%2C%200%0201310%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef302.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef302.jpg" alt="Figure 303. Pain at >3 months (NRS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 303</span><span class="title">Pain at >3 months (NRS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig303"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig303" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20304.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%022643%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%200%0201350%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef303.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef303.jpg" alt="Figure 304. Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 304</span><span class="title">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig304"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig304" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20305.%20Physical%20function%20at%20%3E3%20months%20(Neck%20disability%20index%2C%200%0201350%2C%20final%20values%2C%20high%20is%20poor%20outcome).&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef304.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef304.jpg" alt="Figure 305. Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 305</span><span class="title">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appefig305"><div id="niceng193er5.appe.fig305" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20306.%20Discontinuation%20at%20%022643%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appef305.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appef305.jpg" alt="Figure 306. Discontinuation at ≤3 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 306</span><span class="title">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab1"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 71</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic exercise</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 21.5 lower (30.38 to 12.62 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">300</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">228</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.97 lower (10.77 to 3.17 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 lower (10.34 lower to 8.34 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">228</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">144</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.89 lower (13.23 to 2.55 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 functional capacity subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 12.5 higher (3.85 to 21.15 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical appearance subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 16 higher (2.68 lower to 34.68 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.5 higher (8.62 lower to 23.62 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.7 higher (2.49 lower to 17.89 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social aspects subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 8.9 higher (3.16 lower to 20.96 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional aspects subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.7 higher (10.7 lower to 30.1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.4 higher (7.46 lower to 14.26 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, high is good outcome, final values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.03 higher (0.15 lower to 0.09 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594–1, high is good outcome, final values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.06 higher (0.01 lower to 0.13 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D VAS, 0–100. high is good outcome, final values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.6 higher (2.86 lower to 14.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D VAS, 0–100, high is good outcome, final values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.4 higher (8.17 lower to 10.97 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at 12 weeks (Final values, timed up and go, seconds, high is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.62 lower (1.40 lower to 0.16 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3 lower (11.32 lower to 5.32 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 56.18 higher (27.8 to 84.56 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ and SF-36 physical function subscales, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">159</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 10.16 lower (15.39 to 4.94 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3 lower (16.14 lower to 10.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Change scores and final values, beck depression inventory, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.36 lower (6.16 to 0.56 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">190</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.39 lower (1.05 lower to 0.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ anxiety scale, Beck anxiety inventory, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">197</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.28 lower (0.51 lower to 0.04 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Change scores, STAI anxiety total scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.7 lower (23.6 lower to 4.2 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (final values, FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.8 higher (0.46 lower to 2.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (final values, FIQ anxiety scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 higher (1.06 lower to 1.46 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at 12 weeks (Final values, BDI dpression scale, high is poor outcome) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 12.77 lower (14.65 to 10.88 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services ≤3 months (Number of GP contacts)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 higher (0.11 lower to 2.11 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services >3 months (Number of GP contacts)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.3 higher (0.68 lower to 1.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services ≤3 months (Number of medical specialist contacts)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 higher (0.18 lower to 0.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services >3 months (Number of medical specialist contacts)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 higher (0.08 lower to 0.48 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at ≤3 months (Number of physiotherapist contacts)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.1 lower (4.49 to 1.17 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at >3 months (Number of physiotherapist contacts)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.4 lower (5.79 to 3.01 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep scale, PSQI, FIQ sleep subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">209</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">205</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.16 lower (0.43 lower to 0.1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70/316</p>
|
|
<p>(22.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33/291</p>
|
|
<p>(11.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.11 (−0.04 to 0.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">110 more per 1000 (from 40 fewer to 270 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab2"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 72</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Strength versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (final values, VAS, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">150</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD −18.85 (34.50 to 3.21 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (change scores and final values, VAS, NRS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 15.76 lower (22.79 to 8.72 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">230</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">219</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 16.06 lower (36.93 lower to 4.82 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.6 higher (0.25 lower to 15.45 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.39 higher (2.43 lower to 9.21 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 14.91 lower (45.78 lower to 15.96 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, change scores and final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.89 lower (23.15 lower to 3.37 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (final values, FIQ physical function subscale, Northwick Park Questionnaire, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.23 lower (0.68 lower to 1.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 8.4 lower (89.59 lower to 72.79 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (final values, Northwick Park Questionnaire, Neck Disability Index, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.32 lower (0.64 lower to 0.00 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (change scores, SF-36 physical function subscale, HAQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.2 lower (10.41 to 2 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (pain catastrophising scale, 0–100, final scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.00 lower (19.70 lower to 1.70 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.7 lower (6.37 to 1.03 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of health care services at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>27/119</p>
|
|
<p>(22.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/60</p>
|
|
<p>(33.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.68 (0.42 to 1.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">107 fewer per 1000 (from 193 fewer to 37 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7 lower (20.9 lower to 6.9 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/70</p>
|
|
<p>(15.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 2.27 (0.77 to 6.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">71 more per 1000 (from 14 fewer to 254 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26/121</p>
|
|
<p>(21.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.08 (−0.02 to 0.17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">33 fewer per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 34 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab3"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 73</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic and strength versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic and strength</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.45 lower (34.16 lower to 29.27 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 13.74 lower (22.11 to 5.37 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594 to 1, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>MD 0.25 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.05 to 0.45 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.42 lower (12.66 lower to 5.82 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.05 lower (15.43 to 2.68 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D, −0.594 to 1, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>MD 0.19 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.00 to 0.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 11.6 higher (2.02 to 21.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.9 higher (14.93 lower to 18.73 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 19 higher (6.96 lower to 44.96 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 vitality subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 12.7 higher (2.73 to 22.67 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental health subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 15.8 higher (3.75 to 27.85 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 24 weeks (SF-36 social role subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 11.7 higher (1.9 lower to 25.3 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 bodily pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 10.4 higher (0.16 lower to 20.96 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100,final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.6 higher (2.82 to 16.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (seconds, quarter mile walk test, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 37.3 lower (63.19 to 11.41 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (metres, 6-minute walk test, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 54.8 higher (0.54 lower to 110.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, final values, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.3 lower (2.63 lower to 0.03 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at 8 weeks (metres, 6-minute walk test, high is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 15.69 higher (33.37 lower to 64.75 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress ≤3 months (BDI, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.44 lower (6.85 lower to 3.97 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress ≤3 months (State anxiety inventory, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 higher (5.12 lower to 5.32 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at 8 weeks (HADS, 0–21, high is poor outcome) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.25 lower (3.77 lower to 1.27 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (CES-D, BDI, FIQ depression subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.45 lower (0.81 to 0.09 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (State anxiety inventory, 20–80, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.95 lower (9.75 lower to 3.85 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburg sleep quality index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–21)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.2 lower (3.39 to 1.01 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Healthcare utilisation at >3 months (follow-up 3 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23/57</p>
|
|
<p>(40.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/21</p>
|
|
<p>(47.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.85 (0.49 to 1.47)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">71 fewer per 1000 (from 243 fewer to 224 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/65</p>
|
|
<p>(10.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/60</p>
|
|
<p>(1.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0.17)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 170 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/170</p>
|
|
<p>(11.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.05 (−0.03 to 0.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47 fewer per 1000 (from 43 fewer to 50 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab4"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 74</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic, strength and flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic, strength and flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 12.1 higher (2.14 to 22.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.1 higher (3.18 lower to 13.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
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<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab5"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 75</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Strength and flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength and flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 11.71 lower (21.49 to 1.92 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 13.19 lower (20.33 to 6.05 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.6 lower (6.12 lower to 4.92 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.78 higher (1.35 lower to 4.91 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.7 higher (2.42 lower to 5.82 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>MD 0.16 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.87 lower to 3.56 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.5 lower (16.59 lower to 5.59 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.7 lower (12.3 to 1.1 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.6 higher (2.59 lower to 5.79 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.1 higher (3.41 lower to 5.61 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>8/78</p>
|
|
<p>(10.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.88 (0.32 to 2.4)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13 fewer per 1000 (from 76 fewer to 124 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded due to heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab6"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 76</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength, proprioception and flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 16.6 lower (25.8 to 7.4 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 11.5 lower (20.71 to 2.29 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.3 higher (0.13 lower to 4.73 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 higher (1.48 lower to 5.48 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.6 higher (2.73 lower to 5.93 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 higher (3.82 lower to 4.82 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.2 lower (2.68 lower to 0.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.2 lower (2.66 lower to 0.26 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.1 lower (2.4 lower to 0.2 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.3 lower (2.85 lower to 0.25 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.8 lower (9.47 to 0.13 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.3 lower (10.06 lower to 1.46 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/37</p>
|
|
<p>(35.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.37 (0.69 to 2.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95 more per 1000 (from 79 fewer to 443 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab7"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 77</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Proprioception versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Proprioception</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.18 higher (1.09 lower to 1.45 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.97 lower (2.47 lower to 0.53 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.88 lower (11.11 lower to 7.35 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.59 lower (14.37 lower to 7.19 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.38 lower (6.82 to 1.94 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.86 lower (3.18 lower to 1.46 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.74 lower (8.43 to 1.05 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.86 lower (9.84 lower to 0.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1/25</p>
|
|
<p>(4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/25</p>
|
|
<p>(12%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.33 (0.04 to 2.99)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">80 fewer per 1000 (from 115 fewer to 239 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab8"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 78</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Mind-body versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Mind-body exercises</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, Visual numeric scale, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">193</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">200</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 11.17 lower (1717.3285 to 5.02 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain improvement at ≤3 months (30% improvement on NRS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37/73</p>
|
|
<p>(50.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.19 (1.56 to 6.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">348 more per 1000 (from 89 more to 878 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain improvement at >3 months (30% improvement on NRS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28/73</p>
|
|
<p>(38.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/44</p>
|
|
<p>(18.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.11 (1.06 to 4.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">202 more per 1000 (from 11 more to 584 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome) - Fibromyalgia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 26 lower (35.63 to 16.37 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome) - Chronic neck pain</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 11.29 lower (174219.52 to 5.17 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (WHOQOL-BREF, 0–5, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.58 higher (0.16 to 1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.55 lower (13.36 lower to 10.25 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.14 higher (2.15 to 6.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.33 higher (2.57 lower to 7.24 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.64 lower (11.62 lower to 8.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.69 higher (2.05 lower to 3.43 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, functional capacity scale, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 17.2 higher (8.01 to 26.39 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, physical aspects subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 22.7 higher (9.73 to 35.67 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, pain subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 16.9 higher (9.19 to 24.61 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, vitality subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 10.5 higher (0.5 to 20.5 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, general health subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.4 higher (4.81 lower to 11.61 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, social subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.9 higher (5.61 lower to 17.41 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, emotional subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 20.4 higher (4.14 to 36.66 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36, 0–100, mental health subscale, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.1 higher (3.42 lower to 15.62 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">171</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">192</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.40 lower (0.84 to 0.04 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.79 lower (10.57 to 3.01 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walk test, metes, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 88 higher (51.42 to 124.58 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:D, Beck depression inventory, CES-D, ADS depression scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">148</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">158</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.51 lower (0.96 to 0.05 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State trace anxiety inventory, final values, high is poor outcome) - Fibromyalgia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.91 lower (15.59 to 4.23 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:A, final values, high is poor outcome) - Chronic neck pain</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 lower (2 lower to 1.6 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Beck depression inventory, HADS:D, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.02 lower (0.29 lower to 0.24 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS:A, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.6 lower (2.38 lower to 1.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS sleep outcome, pittsburgh sleep quality index, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.43 lower (1.58 lower to 0.72 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65/389</p>
|
|
<p>(16.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.03 (−0.03 to 0.10)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40 more per 1000 (from 30 fewer to 100 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab9"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 79</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 18 lower (37.89 lower to 1.89 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.5 lower (5.39 lower to 2.39 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/17</p>
|
|
<p>(17.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/17</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 8.41 (0.81 to 86.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab10"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 80</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic versus strength</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic exercise</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, MDPI, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.47 lower (20.48 lower to 11.54 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.7 lower (16.22 lower to 2.82 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.29 higher (8.4 lower to 16.98 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.69 higher (6.6 lower to 15.97 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Multidimensional fatigue inventory-20 reduced activity subscale, change scores, 0–20, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 higher (1.18 lower to 3.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 88.4 lower (114.7 to 62.1 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Final values and change scores, SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.85 higher (3.79 lower to 7.49 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Hospital anxiety and depression anxiety score, 0–21, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.93 lower (2.46 lower to 0.61 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Final values and change scores, Hospital anxiety and depression scale, depression score, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.04 higher (1.37 lower to 1.46 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Final values, BDI, 0–60, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 12.7 higher (9.01 to 16.39 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS Sleep scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 13.3 lower (31.93 lower to 5.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months (due to other diagnoses, transportation problems)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/98</p>
|
|
<p>(10.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.32 to 1.4)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">49 fewer per 1000 (from 102 fewer to 60 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab11"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 81</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic exercise</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3 higher (10.19 lower to 16.19 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 12.65 lower (22.45 to 2.84 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.82 higher (1.29 lower to 6.93 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.55 higher (2.08 lower to 7.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.26 higher (1.69 lower to 10.21 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.91 higher (2.43 to 13.39 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.44 higher (6.83 lower to 7.71 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.74 lower (4.53 lower to 3.05 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State trace anxiety inventory, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.83 lower (6.33 lower to 2.67 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (State trace anxiety inventory, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.83 lower (9.22 to 0.44 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/38</p>
|
|
<p>(26.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.67 (0.67 to 4.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">106 more per 1000 (from 52 fewer to 495 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab12"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 82</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 role social subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 10.6 lower (27.34 lower to 6.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 general health status subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 lower (15.89 lower to 11.89 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 vitality subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.2 lower (12.43 lower to 10.03 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 functional capacity subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.6 lower (21.76 lower to 2.56 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 role physical subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 14.3 lower (35.85 lower to 7.25 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 emotional aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9 lower (34.66 lower to 16.66 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 pain subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7 lower (18.72 lower to 4.72 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 mental health subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 10.9 lower (25.37 lower to 3.57 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at 12 weeks (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 0–21, high score is poor outcome) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.4 lower (2.64 lower to 1.84 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at 12 weeks (VAS, 0–10, high score is poor outcome) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.6 lower (1.79 lower to 0.59 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at 12 weeks (Scale of Catastropic Thoughts on Pain, 0–5, high score is poor outcome) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 lower (1.08 lower to 0.68 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at 12 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/21</p>
|
|
<p>(9.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/21</p>
|
|
<p>(19%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.50 (0.10 to 2.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95 fewer per 1000 (from 171 fewer to 274 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab13"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 83</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic and strength versus aerobic</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic and strength</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 higher (7.78 lower to 7.78 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.1 higher (1.66 lower to 5.86 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>4/21</p>
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|
<p>(19%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.05 (0.3 to 3.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9 more per 1000 (from 127 fewer to 484 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab14"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 84</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic and strength versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic and strength</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4 lower (9.96 lower to 1.96 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 8 lower (13.89 to 2.11 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (NIH CPSI quality of life subscale, 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.8 lower (2.69 to 0.91 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (NIH CPSI quality of life subscale, 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.8 lower (2.68 to 0.92 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 higher (1.33 lower to 2.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 higher (0.97 lower to 1.97 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>10/52</p>
|
|
<p>(19.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.96 (0.72 to 5.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">94 more per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 425 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab15"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 85</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic and flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Mind-body</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.5 lower (4.65 lower to 1.65 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.2 lower (6.38 to 0.02 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.8 lower (6.65 lower to 1.05 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, change scores, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.4 lower (7.88 lower to 3.08 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test change scores, metres, change scores, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.9 higher (25.15 lower to 28.95 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test change scores, metres, change scores, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 22.2 lower (60.46 lower to 16.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.2 higher (0.68 lower to 3.08 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.8 higher (0.4 to 3.2 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.8 higher (0.12 to 3.48 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.6 higher (0.86 lower to 4.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.7 higher (0.74 lower to 2.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.8 higher (1.14 lower to 2.74 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/36</p>
|
|
<p>(30.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.35 (0.71 to 2.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">79 more per 1000 (from 66 fewer to 356 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab16"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 86</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus aerobic exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic and flexibility versus aerobic</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain perception at ≤3 months (Final score; VAS) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.65 lower (0.86 to 0.44 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain perception at >3 months (Final score; VAS) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.94 lower (1.14 to 0.74 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (final score; FIQ) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.49 lower (7.46 to 3.52 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (final score; FIQ) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 10.62 lower (12.34 to 8.9 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep quality at ≤3 months (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.94 lower (4.62 to 3.26 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep quality at >3 months (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) (Copy) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.03 lower (5.51 to 4.55 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/32</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/32</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.06 to 0.06_</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab17"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 87</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic, strength, mind-body and propioception versus flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 7 weeks (FIQ total score, high is poor outcome) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 13.04 lower (21.92 to 4.16 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at 7 weeks (number of steps, high is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.19 higher (11.24 lower to 29.62 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at 7 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>5/16</p>
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<p>(31.3%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>9/19</p>
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|
<p>(47.4%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.66 (0.28 to 1.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">161 fewer per 1000 (from 341 fewer to 270 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab18"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 88</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Strength versus mind-body</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength versus mind-body</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain (VAS, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; range of scores: 0–10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.1 higher (0.31 lower to 2.51 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (Nottingham health profile, <3 months) (range of scores: 0–600; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 56.1 higher (13.21 lower to 125.41 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function (NDI, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; range of scores: 0–100; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.1 higher (0.56 lower to 6.76 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress (BDI, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; range of scores: 0–63; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.3 higher (1.24 lower to 7.84 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>12/60</p>
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<p>(20%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.55 (0.68 to 3.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">71 more per 1000 (from 41 fewer to 325 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab18_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab19"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 89</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Strength versus biomechanical</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength versus biomechanical</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain (VAS, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; range of scores: 0–10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.8 higher (0.52 lower to 2.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (Nottingham health profile, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; range of scores: 0–600; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 27.7 higher (44.07 lower to 99.47 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function (NDI, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; range of scores: 0–100; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.3 higher (2.29 lower to 4.89 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress (BDI, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; range of scores: 0–63; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.2 higher (3.36 lower to 5.76 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab19_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab19_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab20"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 90</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Strength versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores and final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 8.09 lower (14.58 to 1.59 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.5 higher (2.64 lower to 5.64 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.39 lower (11.75 lower to 0.97 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6 higher (2.34 to 9.66 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.83 lower (3.99 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BAI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.2 lower (6.42 lower to 0.02 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (FIQ sleep subscale, 0–10, change scores, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.77 lower (2.62 to 0.92 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/81</p>
|
|
<p>(16%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18/76</p>
|
|
<p>(23.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.68 (0.36 to 1.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">76 fewer per 1000 (from 152 fewer to 66 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab20_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab20_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab21"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab21" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 91</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Strength and flexibility versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength and flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical functioning subscale, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.4 lower (4.92 lower to 4.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 role physical subscale, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.1 lower (15.9 lower to 13.7 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 role emotional subscale, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.1 higher (9.7 lower to 13.9 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 energy subscale, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.2 higher (2.96 lower to 13.36 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 emotional wellbeing subscale, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.6 higher (3.43 lower to 10.63 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 social functioning subscale, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.7 higher (5.28 lower to 8.68 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 months (SF-36 bodily pain subscale, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.7 lower (10.14 lower to 6.74 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 general health subscale, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.7 higher (6.41 lower to 7.81 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>6/49</p>
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<p>(12.2%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.71 (0.27 to 1.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50 fewer per 1000 (from 126 fewer to 145 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab21_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab21_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab22"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab22" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 92</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Strength and flexibility versus mind-body</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength and flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Mind-body</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 10.4 lower (23.66 lower to 2.85 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.78 lower (8.05 lower to 6.49 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.88 higher (0.8 lower to 6.55 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.05 higher (2.28 lower to 4.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 9–12 weeks (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.04 higher (1.9 lower to 3.99 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.21 lower (4.81 lower to 0.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.22 lower (0.59 lower to 0.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.22 higher (5.02 lower to 5.46 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at 12 weeks (Depression scale ADS, 0–60, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 higher (3.66 lower to 4.66 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Depression scale ADS, 0–60, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.8 lower (6.07 lower to 2.47 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/106</p>
|
|
<p>(9.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.87 (0.35 to 2.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12 fewer per 1000 (from 64 fewer to 94 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab22_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab22_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab22_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab23"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab23" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 93</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab23_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength, flexibility and proprioception</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">mind-body</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.2 lower (16.72 lower to 2.32 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.9 lower (12.99 lower to 9.19 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.1 lower (5.48 lower to 1.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.5 lower (6.22 lower to 1.22 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.9 higher (3.77 lower to 5.57 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 lower (4.96 lower to 4.76 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.2 higher (3.7 lower to 6.1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.8 higher (5.31 lower to 6.91 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 lower (2.8 lower to 0.8 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.6 lower (2.34 lower to 1.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 lower (1.52 lower to 1.32 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 higher (1.51 lower to 1.51 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/37</p>
|
|
<p>(35.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.45 (1.38 to 14.35)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">273 more per 1000 (from 30 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊕</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab23_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab23_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab24"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab24" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 94</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Strength versus proprioception</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab24_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Strength</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Proprioception</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.32 higher (1.47 lower to 2.11 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab24_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab25"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab25" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 95</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Mind-body versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab25_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Mind-body</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 higher (9.65 lower to 13.65 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 22.9 lower (33.4 to 12.4 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 higher (3.55 lower to 4.55 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 higher (1.92 lower to 1.92 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/30</p>
|
|
<p>(40%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.83 (0.83 to 4.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">182 more per 1000 (from 37 fewer to 661 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab25_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab25_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab26"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab26" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 96</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Mind-body versus biomechanical</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab26_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Mindbody versus biomechanical</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain (VAS, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; range of scores: 0–10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.3 lower (1.51 lower to 0.91 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (Nottingham health profile, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; range of scores: 0–600; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 28.4 lower (84.68 lower to 27.88 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function (NDI, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.8 lower (4.86 lower to 1.26 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress (Depression, BDI, <3 months) (follow-up 6 weeks; range of scores: 0–63; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.1 lower (6.11 lower to 1.91 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab26_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab26_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab27"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab27" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 97</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab27_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Flexibility and proprioception</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Flexibility</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 12.7 lower (21.27 to 4.13 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–63, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.88 higher (0.46 lower to 8.22 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>7/35</p>
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<p>(20%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.65 (0.53 to 5.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">79 more per 1000 (from 57 fewer to 499 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab27_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab27_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab28"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab28" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 98</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab28_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Flexibility and relaxation</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aerobic</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.4 higher (4.64 lower to 5.44 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
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<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12/69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12/67</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.97 (0.47 to 2.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 130 fewer to 120 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab28_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab28_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab29"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab29" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 99</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Exercise versus psychological therapies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab29_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Exercise</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Psychological therapies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain scale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.61 lower (15.09 lower to 11.87 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.19 lower (13.98 to 0.41 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">151</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.7 lower (10.88 to 2.52 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.05 lower (0.12 lower to 0.02 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 social aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.4 higher (9.27 lower to 16.07 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 general health status aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.6 higher (8.08 lower to 13.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 funcitonal capacity aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 13.1 higher (2.72 to 23.48 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 limitations due to physical aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 17.2 higher (2.83 lower to 37.23 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 limitations due to emotional aspects subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 11.9 higher (8.74 lower to 32.54 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 pain subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5 higher (5.39 lower to 15.39 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at 12 weeks (SF36 mental health subscale, 0–100, high score is good outcome) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.9 higher (11.04 lower to 12.84 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.7 lower (2.75 lower to 1.35 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walk test, metres, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 26.42 higher (0.85 lower to 53.69 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 49.05 higher (25.45 to 72.65 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (CES-D, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 10.3 lower (20.07 to 0.53 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Hospital anxiety and depression scale, depression subscale, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 lower (2.25 lower to 0.25 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Hospital anxiety and depression scale, anxiety subscale, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.8 lower (2.01 lower to 0.41 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (the sleep scale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.3 higher (1.22 lower to 1.82 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.1 lower (2.32 lower to 0.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at >3 months (due to increased pain, personal reasons, lost to follow up)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>78/540</p>
|
|
<p>(14.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>90/522</p>
|
|
<p>(17.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30 fewer per 1000 (from 70 fewer to 20 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab29_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab29_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab30"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab30" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 100</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab30_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Manual therapy and exercise</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Manual therapy</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.8 lower (1.66 lower to 0.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 lower (1.42 lower to 0.42 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.1 lower (9.65 to 0.55 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.9 lower (9.85 lower to 0.05 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/64</p>
|
|
<p>(20.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/63</p>
|
|
<p>(22.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.91 (0.47 to 1.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20 fewer per 1000 (from 118 fewer to 176 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab30_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab30_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab31"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab31" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 101</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab31_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Manual therapy and exercise</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Exercise</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">265</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">277</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.34 lower (13.82 lower to 1.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (NRS, VAS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">198</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">196</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.95 higher (3.51 lower to 5.4 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 lower (13.87 lower to 11.87 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.6 higher (1.34 lower to 2.54 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 physical component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 higher (1.79 lower to 2.19 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.7 lower (3.55 lower to 2.15 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (SF-36 mental component summary score, 0–100, final values, high is good outcome)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.8 lower (4.34 lower to 0.74 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, functional performance scale, final values, high is poor outcome, 0–100)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">239</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">238</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.29 lower (0.62 lower to 0.04 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">198</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">196</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.17 lower (2.6 lower to 2.25 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at 4–10 weeks (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, 0–100) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 8.14 lower (9.92 to 6.35 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36/275</p>
|
|
<p>(13.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>34/267</p>
|
|
<p>(12.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.05 to 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 50 fewer to 60 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab31_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab31_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab31_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded for heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appftab32"><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab32" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 102</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Exercise versus manual therapy</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appf.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appf.tab32_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Exercise</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Manual therapy</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.3 lower (2.11 to 0.49 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 lower (1.42 lower to 0.42 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.9 lower (10.6 to 1.2 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.9 lower (9.14 lower to 1.34 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Discontinuation at ≤3 months</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/64</p>
|
|
<p>(29.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.34 (0.74 to 2.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75 more per 1000 (from 58 fewer to 317 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab32_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, or by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng193er5.appf.tab32_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng193er5appgfig1"><div id="niceng193er5.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20307.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20health%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=569982_niceng193er5appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569982/bin/niceng193er5appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 307. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 307</span><span class="title">Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>* Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appitab1"><div id="niceng193er5.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 103</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acosta-Gallego, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref2" rid="niceng193er5.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison (land versus pool based exercises)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actrn, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref3" rid="niceng193er5.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical trial registry</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adamse 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref4" rid="niceng193er5.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alentorn-Geli, 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref7" rid="niceng193er5.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Whole body vibration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alentorn-Geli, 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref6" rid="niceng193er5.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Allende, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref8" rid="niceng193er5.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amanollahi 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref11" rid="niceng193er5.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amris 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref13" rid="niceng193er5.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: pain management programme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andersen 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref14" rid="niceng193er5.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andrade 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref16" rid="niceng193er5.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andrade 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref15" rid="niceng193er5.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, incorrect study design: non-randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref76" rid="niceng193er5.ref76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: both groups received TENS and hot packs in addition to interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arami 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref18" rid="niceng193er5.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arcos-Carmona 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref19" rid="niceng193er5.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arimi 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref12" rid="niceng193er5.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Asenlof 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref20" rid="niceng193er5.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: pain management programme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Asenlof 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref21" rid="niceng193er5.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: psychological</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assis 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref22" rid="niceng193er5.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: aerobic comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assuncao Junior 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref24" rid="niceng193er5.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: no comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Astin 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref25" rid="niceng193er5.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: exercise and meditation versus education</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bai 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref26" rid="niceng193er5.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beltran-Alacreu 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref29" rid="niceng193er5.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions: pain management programme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bertozzi 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref31" rid="niceng193er5.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bidonde 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref32" rid="niceng193er5.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review published after review finalised; references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bjersing 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref35" rid="niceng193er5.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup analysis, not relevant</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bland 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref36" rid="niceng193er5.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bobos 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref37" rid="niceng193er5.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: different strength training protocols</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bowering 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref40" rid="niceng193er5.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brage 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref41" rid="niceng193er5.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: education</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bravo 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref42" rid="niceng193er5.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: body awareness therapy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buckelew 1998<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref44" rid="niceng193er5.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Burckhardt 1992<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref45" rid="niceng193er5.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Burckhardt 1994<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref46" rid="niceng193er5.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes: no variation data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Busch 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref47" rid="niceng193er5.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review, incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Busch 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref48" rid="niceng193er5.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cantarero-Villanueva 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref51" rid="niceng193er5.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carbonell-Baeza 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref52" rid="niceng193er5.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cerrillo-Urbina 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref56" rid="niceng193er5.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Champagne 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref57" rid="niceng193er5.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chan 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref58" rid="niceng193er5.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cho 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref60" rid="niceng193er5.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: lymphatic drainage</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chung 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref61" rid="niceng193er5.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: different neck exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Collado-Mateo 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref62" rid="niceng193er5.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: virtual reality</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cramer 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref64" rid="niceng193er5.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-comparative follow up data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cramer 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref63" rid="niceng193er5.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cramer 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref66" rid="niceng193er5.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review, incorrect population: breast cancer pain</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">de Araujo Cazotti 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref68" rid="niceng193er5.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: pharmacological</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Demir-Gocmen 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref70" rid="niceng193er5.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: supervised versus home exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dobkin 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref71" rid="niceng193er5.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: no comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dunleavy 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref72" rid="niceng193er5.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design (not randomised)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duray, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref73" rid="niceng193er5.ref73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison (not relevant)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duruturk 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref74" rid="niceng193er5.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dusunceli 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref75" rid="niceng193er5.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: TENS</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ekici 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref77" rid="niceng193er5.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Emilson 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref79" rid="niceng193er5.ref79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: pain management, follow-up study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ernberg 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref82" rid="niceng193er5.ref82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: healthy controls</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evcik 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref87" rid="niceng193er5.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: land versus water based, same exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falla 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref88" rid="niceng193er5.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: different strength training protocols</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falla 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref89" rid="niceng193er5.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: different neck exercise protocols</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fernandes 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref91" rid="niceng193er5.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: swimming versus walking</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Field 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref92" rid="niceng193er5.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: exercise and manual therapy versus relaxation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fontaine 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref95" rid="niceng193er5.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention (exercise and psychological therapy)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fontaine 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref93" rid="niceng193er5.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Galindez-ibarbengoetxea 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref96" rid="niceng193er5.ref96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear intervention time</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Garcia-Hermoso 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref98" rid="niceng193er5.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Geneen 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref102" rid="niceng193er5.ref102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review, incorrect population: chronic non-cancer pain</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ghaderi 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref103" rid="niceng193er5.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: neck stabilisation exercises versus neck strengthening, both interventions offer exercises to strengthen neck muscles</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ghodrati 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref104" rid="niceng193er5.ref104"><sup>104</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: manual therapy vs. manual therapy + exercise</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Giannotti 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref105" rid="niceng193er5.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions: physical and psychological elements, pain management programme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gowans 1999<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref111" rid="niceng193er5.ref111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not guideline condition. Not review population. No extractable data. Wrong study type: results are not extractable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gowans 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref112" rid="niceng193er5.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gowans 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref109" rid="niceng193er5.ref109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gross 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref114" rid="niceng193er5.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review, incorrect population, different outcomes: with some overlap</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GunendiZ 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref115" rid="niceng193er5.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions: exercise combined with TENS and thermotherapy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gutierrez-Espinoza 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref117" rid="niceng193er5.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: targeted at improving range of movement in the glenohumeral joint only and doesn’t fall into any protocol categories of general exercise</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hakkinen 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref120" rid="niceng193er5.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hammond 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref121" rid="niceng193er5.ref121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: relaxation versus exercise and education</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Har 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref122" rid="niceng193er5.ref122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hoeger Bement 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref123" rid="niceng193er5.ref123"><sup>123</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison (not relevant)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Humphreys 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref126" rid="niceng193er5.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: healthy controls</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iaroshevskyi, 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref127" rid="niceng193er5.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ide 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref128" rid="niceng193er5.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions: breathing exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Im 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref129" rid="niceng193er5.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention, incorrect comparison: whirlpool therapy versus warm gel packs</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Isomeri 1992<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref130" rid="niceng193er5.ref130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Isomeri 1993<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref131" rid="niceng193er5.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Jensen 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref133" rid="niceng193er5.ref133"><sup>133</sup></a></p>
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|
<p>(Bergstrom 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref30" rid="niceng193er5.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a>)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population (low back pain)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jentoft, 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref134" rid="niceng193er5.ref134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions: pool based versus land based, same exercise protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref135" rid="niceng193er5.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Summary article</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jordan 1998<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref137" rid="niceng193er5.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jull 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref138" rid="niceng193er5.ref138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: psychological therapies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kalamir<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref139" rid="niceng193er5.ref139"><sup>139</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaleth 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref140" rid="niceng193er5.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kay 1992<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref141" rid="niceng193er5.ref141"><sup>141</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Keel, 1998<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref143" rid="niceng193er5.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: pain management programme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kelley 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref144" rid="niceng193er5.ref144"><sup>144</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Khan 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref146" rid="niceng193er5.ref146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison (both groups are different types of strength exercises)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Khan, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref145" rid="niceng193er5.ref145"><sup>145</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison (not relevant)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref150" rid="niceng193er5.ref150"><sup>150</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review published after review finalised; references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref148" rid="niceng193er5.ref148"><sup>148</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: different neck exercise protocols</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref149" rid="niceng193er5.ref149"><sup>149</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: manual therapy versus ultrasound</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref151" rid="niceng193er5.ref151"><sup>151</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lagueux 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref154" rid="niceng193er5.ref154"><sup>154</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Langhorst 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref156" rid="niceng193er5.ref156"><sup>156</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, incorrect interventions: hydrotherapy, no exercise</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Langhorst 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref155" rid="niceng193er5.ref155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Latorre 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref158" rid="niceng193er5.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design (not randomised)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lauche 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref161" rid="niceng193er5.ref161"><sup>161</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Law 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref162" rid="niceng193er5.ref162"><sup>162</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: not randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letafatkar 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref164" rid="niceng193er5.ref164"><sup>164</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear population: inclusion citeria stated >3 months pain duration, but 50% had symptoms 6–12 weeks duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lima 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref165" rid="niceng193er5.ref165"><sup>165</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic reviewwith different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lopez-de-Uralde-Villanueva 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref167" rid="niceng193er5.ref167"><sup>167</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: manual therapy vs. manual therapy + education vs. manual therapy + education + exercise</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lopez-Pousa 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref168" rid="niceng193er5.ref168"><sup>168</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: walking in a young vs. mature forest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lopez-Rodriguez 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref169" rid="niceng193er5.ref169"><sup>169</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">López-Rodríguez 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref170" rid="niceng193er5.ref170"><sup>170</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lorena 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref171" rid="niceng193er5.ref171"><sup>171</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mannerkorpi 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref177" rid="niceng193er5.ref177"><sup>177</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions: pain management programme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mannerkorpi 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref173" rid="niceng193er5.ref173"><sup>173</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mannerkorpi 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref176" rid="niceng193er5.ref176"><sup>176</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions: pain management programme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mannerkorpi 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref175" rid="niceng193er5.ref175"><sup>175</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: different walking protocols</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martin-Martinez<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref178" rid="niceng193er5.ref178"><sup>178</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions (virtual reality)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matsutani 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref180" rid="niceng193er5.ref180"><sup>180</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: laser therapy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McDowell 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref184" rid="niceng193er5.ref184"><sup>184</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McVeigh 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref185" rid="niceng193er5.ref185"><sup>185</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, incorrect interventions: hydrotherapy, no exercise</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meiworm 1999<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref187" rid="niceng193er5.ref187"><sup>187</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meiworm 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref186" rid="niceng193er5.ref186"><sup>186</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: not randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mendez-Rebolledo 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref188" rid="niceng193er5.ref188"><sup>188</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mesquita 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref190" rid="niceng193er5.ref190"><sup>190</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meyer, 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref191" rid="niceng193er5.ref191"><sup>191</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miles 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref193" rid="niceng193er5.ref193"><sup>193</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Molinari 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref194" rid="niceng193er5.ref194"><sup>194</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: behavioural</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moseley 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref196" rid="niceng193er5.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moseley 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref195" rid="niceng193er5.ref195"><sup>195</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: phantom limb pain</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mosely 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref197" rid="niceng193er5.ref197"><sup>197</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moustafa 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref198" rid="niceng193er5.ref198"><sup>198</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions: cervical manipulation, incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nct, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref202" rid="niceng193er5.ref202"><sup>202</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical trial registry</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nct, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref203" rid="niceng193er5.ref203"><sup>203</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical trial registry</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nickel 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref205" rid="niceng193er5.ref205"><sup>205</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: pharmacological</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Norregaard, 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref207" rid="niceng193er5.ref207"><sup>207</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ote Karaca 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref209" rid="niceng193er5.ref209"><sup>209</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: low back pain</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perez-De la Cruz 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref211" rid="niceng193er5.ref211"><sup>211</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peters 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref212" rid="niceng193er5.ref212"><sup>212</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Petersen 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref213" rid="niceng193er5.ref213"><sup>213</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison, incorrect interventions: manual therapy with different neck exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Phattharasupharerk 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref214" rid="niceng193er5.ref214"><sup>214</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: low back pain</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pico-Espinosa 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref215" rid="niceng193er5.ref215"><sup>215</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: subacute and persistent pain included and results not reported separately</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pike 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref216" rid="niceng193er5.ref216"><sup>216</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Plumbe 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref217" rid="niceng193er5.ref217"><sup>217</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review: incorrect interventions, incorrect comparison: manipulation versus inactive control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rajalaxmi, 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref218" rid="niceng193er5.ref218"><sup>218</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear methods, no usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ramel 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref219" rid="niceng193er5.ref219"><sup>219</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-analysis with different PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ramsay 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref220" rid="niceng193er5.ref220"><sup>220</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: different types of aerobic exercise</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Redondo 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref221" rid="niceng193er5.ref221"><sup>221</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: pain management programme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reynolds 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref223" rid="niceng193er5.ref223"><sup>223</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: manual therapy + exercise vs. other manual therapy + exercise</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ris 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref225" rid="niceng193er5.ref225"><sup>225</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: pain management programme with and without training</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rivas Neira 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref226" rid="niceng193er5.ref226"><sup>226</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rolving 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref227" rid="niceng193er5.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes: unclear values</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ryan 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref228" rid="niceng193er5.ref228"><sup>228</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saadat, 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref229" rid="niceng193er5.ref229"><sup>229</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention (combination)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Salo 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref231" rid="niceng193er5.ref231"><sup>231</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sarmento 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref236" rid="niceng193er5.ref236"><sup>236</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparator: sham Qigong</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sawynok 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref237" rid="niceng193er5.ref237"><sup>237</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saxena 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref238" rid="niceng193er5.ref238"><sup>238</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: exercise versus medication</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Segura-Jimenez 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref240" rid="niceng193er5.ref240"><sup>240</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No comparator, incorrect study design: not randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Skillgate 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref244" rid="niceng193er5.ref244"><sup>244</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Skillgate 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref245" rid="niceng193er5.ref245"><sup>245</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: subacute and persistent pain included and results not reported separately</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Song 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref246" rid="niceng193er5.ref246"><sup>246</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Taggart 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref248" rid="niceng193er5.ref248"><sup>248</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Taimela 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref249" rid="niceng193er5.ref249"><sup>249</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thompson 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref251" rid="niceng193er5.ref251"><sup>251</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: exercises and psychological intervention versus exercises alone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tomas-Carus 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref255" rid="niceng193er5.ref255"><sup>255</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Valencia 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref258" rid="niceng193er5.ref258"><sup>258</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: different types of stretching</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Valkeinen 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref261" rid="niceng193er5.ref261"><sup>261</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">van 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref262" rid="niceng193er5.ref262"><sup>262</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review, incorrect population: medically unexplained symptoms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">van Koulil 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref265" rid="niceng193er5.ref265"><sup>265</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions: rehabilitation programme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Verstappen 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref266" rid="niceng193er5.ref266"><sup>266</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Villafaina 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref269" rid="niceng193er5.ref269"><sup>269</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions (virtual reality)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Villafaina 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref268" rid="niceng193er5.ref268"><sup>268</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions (virtual reality)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vitorino 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref270" rid="niceng193er5.ref270"><sup>270</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: same exercises on land versus water</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vonk 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref272" rid="niceng193er5.ref272"><sup>272</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions: graded exercise therapy with psychological therapy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref275" rid="niceng193er5.ref275"><sup>275</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions (psychological combination)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wiklund 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref277" rid="niceng193er5.ref277"><sup>277</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: chronic pain</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yang 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref280" rid="niceng193er5.ref280"><sup>280</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: general chronic pain, no useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ylinen 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref283" rid="niceng193er5.ref283"><sup>283</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ylinen 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref282" rid="niceng193er5.ref282"><sup>282</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ylinen 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref286" rid="niceng193er5.ref286"><sup>286</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zamuner 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref287" rid="niceng193er5.ref287"><sup>287</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison: healthy controls</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zijlstra 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref288" rid="niceng193er5.ref288"><sup>288</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Intervention included flying to and staying in a luxurious hotel: with spa treatments, exercise therapy, relaxation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zonneveld 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref289" rid="niceng193er5.ref289"><sup>289</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: multiple conditions causing unexplained physical symptoms</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appitab2"><div id="niceng193er5.appi.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 104</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the health economic review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McBeth 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref181" rid="niceng193er5.ref181"><sup>181</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>This study was assessed as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</p>
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<p>However, other available evidence was of greater applicability and methodological quality and therefore this study was selectively excluded. This is the same study as the included economic evaluation but has shorter follow up period.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van Eijk-Hustings 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref263" rid="niceng193er5.ref263"><sup>263</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study was assessed as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations. It has methodological limitations as it is a cost comparison study, based on an RCT included in the clinical review but also using additional data as it takes a period from diagnosis to after the interventions (which includes before the interventions) and compares costs across the interventions. So slightly odd methodology.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van Eijk-Hustings 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng193er5.ref264" rid="niceng193er5.ref264"><sup>264</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>This study was assessed as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</p>
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<p>However, other available evidence was of greater applicability as this was a cost consequences analysis.</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab1"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 105</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic exercise versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.8</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.4</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (EQ-5D VAS, 0–100. high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (EQ-5D VAS, 0–100, high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.43</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (timed up and go, seconds, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.76</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, final values, metres, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ and SF-36 physical function subscales, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Change scores and final values, beck depression inventory, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.3</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Final values, VAS and FIQ anxiety scale, Beck anxiety inventory, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Change scores, STAI anxiety total scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (final values, FIQ depression scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (final values, FIQ anxiety scale, 0–10, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (final values, BDI depression scale, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.51</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at ≤3 months (Number of GP contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at >3 months (Number of GP contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.04</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at ≤3 months (Number of medical specialist contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at >3 months (Number of medical specialist contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at ≤3 months (Number of physiotherapist contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.43</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of healthcare services at >3 months (Number of physiotherapist contacts)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.43</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep scale, PSQI, FIQ sleep subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab2"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 106</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength training versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (final values, VAS, NRS, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (change scores and final values, VAS, NRS, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.3</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, change scores and final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.57</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (final values, FIQ physical function subscale, Northwick Park Questionnaire, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months months (final values, Northwick Park Questionnaire, Neck Disability Index, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (change scores, SF-36 physical function subscale, HAQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.27</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (final values, pain catastrophising scale, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (VAS sleep, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.72</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab3"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 107</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic and strength versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.82</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.89</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (seconds, quarter mile walk test, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.21</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (metres, 6-minute walk test, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.77</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (metres, 6-minute walk test, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.15</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State anxiety inventory, 0–10, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS anxiety, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.85</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (CES-D, BDI, FIQ depression subscale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (State anxiety inventory, 20–80, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.26</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, high is poor outcome, change scores, 0–21)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.06</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab4"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 108</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength and flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.58</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, final values, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.43</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.85</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.28</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (ADS depression scale, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.5</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab5"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 109</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength, proprioception and flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.35</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab6"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 110</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Proprioception versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.81</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–10, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.98</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.28</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (sit to stand test, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.9</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.73</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab7"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 111</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Mind-body exercise versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, Visual numeric scale, FIQ pain subscale, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome) - Fibromyalgia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, SF-36 pain score, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome) - Chronic neck pain</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.12</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (WHOQOL-BREF, 0–5, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.85</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walk test, metes, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:D, Beck depression inventory, CES-D, ADS depression scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State trace anxiety inventory, final values, high is poor outcome) - Fibromyalgia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.42</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS:A, final values, high is poor outcome) - Chronic neck pain</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.6</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Beck depression inventory, HADS:D, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS:A, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS sleep outcome, pittsburgh sleep quality index, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab8"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 112</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Flexibility versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.65</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab9"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 113</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic exercise versus strength</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain subscale, MDPI, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.48</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Multidimensional fatigue inventory-20 reduced activity subscale, change scores, 0–20, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, final values, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Hospital anxiety and depression anxiety score, 0–21, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.53</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Final values and change scores, Hospital anxiety and depression scale, depression score, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Final values, BDI, 0–60, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.1</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (VAS Sleep scale, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.85</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab10"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 114</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic exercise versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values and change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (State trace anxiety inventory, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (State trace anxiety inventory, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.17</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab11"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 115</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic exercise versus biomechanical exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–10, high score is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Scale of Catastrophic Thoughts on Pain, 0–5, high score is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 0–21, high score is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.85</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab12"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 116</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic and strength versus aerobic exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab13"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 117</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic and strength versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (NIH CPSI quality of life subscale, 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (NIH CPSI quality of life subscale, 0–12, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.15</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (BDI, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.5</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab14"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 118</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic and flexibility versus mind-body exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walking test change scores, metres, change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test change scores, metres, change scores, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.14</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.76</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.54</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.04</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.97</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.54</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab15"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 119</span><span class="title">MIDS for continuous outcomes: Aerobic exercise and flexibility versus aerobic exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain perception at <3 months (Final score; VAS 0–10; high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.19</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain perception at >3 months (Final score; VAS, 0–10; high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.21</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at <3 months (final score; FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.04</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (final score; FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.11</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep quality at <3 months (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.73</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep quality at >3 months (final score; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 0–21, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab16"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 120</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Aerobic, strength, mind-body and proprioception versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ total score, 0–100, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.51</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (number of steps, high is good outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.44</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab17"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 121</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength versus mind-body</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.45</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (NHP, 0–600, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.1</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab18"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 122</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Mind-body versus biomechanical</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (NHP, 0–600, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.3</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.8</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab19"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 123</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, change scores and final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.78</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.6</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.02</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BAI, 0–61, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (FIQ sleep subscale, 0–10, change scores, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.81</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab20"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 124</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength and flexibility versus mind-body</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.8</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck pain disability scale, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.04</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (Depression scale ADS, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Depression scale ADS, 0–60, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.7</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab21"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab21" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 125</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength, flexibility and proprioception versus mind-body</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain reduction at >3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.85</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.1</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: anxiety, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.9</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (HADS: depression, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.9</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab22"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab22" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 126</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Strength versus proprioception</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–50, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.31</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab23"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab23" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 127</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Mind-body versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab23_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.1</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at ≤3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.2</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab24"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab24" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 128</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Mind-body versus biomechanical</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab24_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (NHP, 0–600, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.3</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–61, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.8</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab25"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab25" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 129</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Flexibility and proprioception versus flexibility</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab25_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.85</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (BDI, 0–63, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.59</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab26"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab26" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 130</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Flexibility and relaxation versus aerobic exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab26_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (FIQ, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.9</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab27"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab27" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 131</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Exercise versus psychological therapies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab27_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, FIQ pain scale, 0–100, high is poor outcome, final values and change scores) - Fibromyalgia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.61</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (VAS, NRS, 0–100, high is poor outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at ≤3 months (FIQ, 0–100, high is poor outcome, final values and change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (FIQ physical function subscale, 0–10, high is poor outcome, change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (6 minute walk test, metres, high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (6 minute walking test, metres, high is good outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at ≤3 months (CES-D, 0–100, high is poor outcome, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.3</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Hospital anxiety and depression scale, depression subscale, 0–21, high is poor outcome, change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.4</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological distress at >3 months (Hospital anxiety and depression scale, anxiety subscale, 0–21, high is poor outcome, change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (the sleep scale, 0–30, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.85</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep at >3 months (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 0–21, high is poor outcome, change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.5</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab28"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab28" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 132</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab28_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.15</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.15</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.75</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab29"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab29" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 133</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Manual therapy and exercise versus exercise</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab29_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (VAS, NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100, final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (NRS, VAS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life at >3 months (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, 0–100, final values, high is poor outcome)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, functional performance scale, final values, high is poor outcome, 0–100)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 (SMD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–100)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, 0–100)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.14</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng193er5appjtab30"><div id="niceng193er5.appj.tab30" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 134</span><span class="title">MIDs for continuous outcomes: Exercise versus manual therapy</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569982/table/niceng193er5.appj.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng193er5.appj.tab30_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at ≤3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.15</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pain at >3 months (NRS, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–10)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.15</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at ≤3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical function at >3 months (Neck disability index, high is poor outcome, final values, 0–50)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng193er5.appj.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.75</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script 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