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preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-done" class="wsprkl btn" title="Dismiss find">✘</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style"><div class="fm-sec bkr_bottom_sep"><div class="bkr_thumb"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng125er4-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence review for the effectiveness of closure materials and techniques in the prevention of surgical site infection" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK569837_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for the effectiveness of closure materials and techniques in the prevention of surgical site infection</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Surgical site infections: prevention and treatment</div><p><b>Evidence review D</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 125</i></p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2019 Apr</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3394-5</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch4.s1"><h2 id="_ch4_s1_">Effectiveness of closure materials and techniques in the prevention of surgical site infection</h2><div id="ch4.s1.1"><h3>Review question</h3><p>Which closure methods are clinically effective in the prevention of a surgical site infection?</p><div id="ch4.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>During surgery, different materials can be used to close wounds. These include suture materials such as absorbable antibacterial sutures, and non-suture materials such as staples and adhesive glue. Additionally, continuous suturing techniques or interrupted suturing techniques can also be used to close the wound. The aim of this review is to identify closure material and techniques that may reduce the risk of surgical site infection.</p><p>The 2008 NICE guideline on the prevention and treatment of surgical site infection did not develop recommendations on closure methods due to insufficient evidence. The topic was reviewed in 2017 by NICE’s surveillance team and new evidence was identified which examined the use of antibacterial coated sutures and risk of surgical site infection, and thus prompted a partial update to review new evidence.</p><p>During the development of the review protocol, the committee identified the need to examine the evidence on suturing techniques and the risk of surgical site infection. Therefore, suturing technique has also been considered in this review.</p><p>This review identified studies that fulfilled the conditions specified in PICO table. For full details of the review protocol, see <a href="#ch4.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab1" rid-ob="figobch4tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO table: Which closure methods are clinically effective in the prevention of a surgical site infection?" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO table: Which closure methods are clinically effective in the prevention of a surgical site infection? </p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.2"><h4>Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>
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<u>(2014)</u>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#ch4.appa">appendix A</a> and methods in <a href="#ch4.appb">Appendix B</a>.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/Media/Default/About/Who-we-are/Policies-and-procedures/declaration-of-interests-policy.pdf" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NICE’s 2018 conflicts of interest policy</a>.</p><p>A search strategy was used to identify all studies that compared different closure methods or techniques and examined their effects on SSI (outlined in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab1" rid-ob="figobch4tab1">Table 1</a>). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with more than 200 subjects and systematic reviews of RCTs were considered for inclusion. The review protocol specified that in the event of less than 5 RCTs being identified, quasi randomised trials and trials with fewer than 200 subjects would also be considered for inclusion.</p><p>Studies were also excluded if they:
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<ul id="ch4.l6"><li id="ch4.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Examined closure of the subcutaneous layer</div></li><li id="ch4.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Examined the use of drains during closure</div></li><li id="ch4.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>Included patients undergoing a surgical procedure that does not involve a visible incision and therefore does not result in the presence of a conventional surgical wound</div></li><li id="ch4.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Were not in English</div></li><li id="ch4.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Were not full reports of the study (for example, published only as an abstract)</div></li></ul></p><p>There was one deviation from the protocol. The original search strategy was devised to match the other review questions, with no date limit included. However, minimal changes were made in comparison to the original protocol for this question in 2008. It was therefore decided that the 47 studies included in the original guideline would be reviewed for the update and the literature search would be conducted for literature published from 2008 onwards.</p><p>Data on overall SSI was extracted. Where possible, data on superficial, deep and organ/space SSI were also examined. According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) an SSI is defined as an infection occurring within 30 days after operation. A deep SSI is defined as an infection which occurs within 30 days after the operation if no implant is left in place, or within 1 year if an implant is inserted. Therefore SSI is reported within 30 days and 1 year were prioritised in this review.</p><p>The studies included in the review reported a number of different follow up periods. Due to this the evidence statements were stratified by follow up time, with articles grouped by those reporting outcomes up to 30 days and those reporting outcomes between 30 days and one year.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.3"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="ch4.s1.1.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>From a database of 3,584 studies, 239 studies were identified from the literature search as being potentially relevant. Four additional studies were identified as being potentially relevant from the previous NICE guideline.</p><p>Following full text review of the 239 studies, 33 RCTs were included which examined the following outcomes:
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<ul id="ch4.l7"><li id="ch4.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li><li id="ch4.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality post-surgery</div></li><li id="ch4.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch4.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative antimicrobial use</div></li><li id="ch4.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital readmission</div></li></ul></p><p>Twenty nine of the 33 RCTs compared different materials for wound closure, 3 compared different techniques of wound closure and 2 examined both materials and technique.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>A list of papers excluded at full text, with reasons for exclusion, is given in <a href="#ch4.appi">Appendix I</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.4"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>The included studies are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab2" rid-ob="figobch4tab2">Table 2</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab3" rid-ob="figobch4tab3">3</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab4" rid-ob="figobch4tab4">4</a> below. See <a href="#ch4.appe">appendix E</a> for full evidence tables.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab2" rid-ob="figobch4tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary table of included studies: Materials." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary table of included studies: Materials. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab3" rid-ob="figobch4tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Summary table of included studies: Techniques of wound closure." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary table of included studies: Techniques of wound closure. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab4" rid-ob="figobch4tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Summary table of included studies: Materials and techniques for wound closure." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary table of included studies: Materials and techniques for wound closure. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch4.appe">appendix E</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.5"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>All studies included in the review were RCTs. A number of studies demonstrated unclear blinding of participants and personnel. However as the outcome measures were objective, with a number of studies assessing SSI based on microbiology findings, studies were not downgraded in these domains. Studies were mainly downgraded for unclear random sequence generation, allocation concealment and blinding of outcome assessment.</p><p>Most studies included in the review classified infections using the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) SSI criteria. Studies which did not explicitly describe the criteria used for the classification of infection were downgraded for serious indirectness. Studies which did not specify follow up period were also downgraded for indirectness. For the purpose of this review, with studies which did not report follow up period, it was assumed that follow up occurred sometime during the postoperative phase.</p><p>See <a href="#ch4.appg">appendix G</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.6"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><p>A literature search was conducted to identify cost–utility analyses comparing skin closure methods in the prevention of a surgical site infection. Standard health economic filters were applied to a clinical search, returning a total of 3,138 citations. Following review of all titles and abstracts, 33 studies were identified as being potentially relevant to this decision problem, and were ordered for full review. After reviewing the full texts, no studies were included as economic evidence for this review question.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.7"><h4>Excluded studies</h4><p>Studies that were excluded upon full review are listed in Appendix L, including the primary reason for exclusion.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.8"><h4>Resource impact</h4><p>Below are some costs that committee felt were representative of sutures that are commonly used in the UK. The first half of each of the tables describe sutures that contain antimicrobial agents.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab5"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab5" rid-ob="figobch4tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Monocryl plus antibacterial (Poliglecaprone 25) sutures and Monocryl absorbable monofilament (taken from NHS Supply Chain August 2018)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab5">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Monocryl plus antibacterial (Poliglecaprone 25) sutures and Monocryl absorbable monofilament (taken from NHS Supply Chain August 2018). </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab6"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab6" rid-ob="figobch4tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Vycryl and Vycryl Plus absorbable sutures (taken from NHS Supply Chain August 2018)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab6">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Vycryl and Vycryl Plus absorbable sutures (taken from NHS Supply Chain August 2018). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9"><h4>Evidence statements</h4><p>The format of the evidence statements is explained in the methods in <a href="#ch4.appb">appendix B</a>. Evidence statements were also stratified by follow up period.</p><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.1"><h5>Triclosan-coated versus non triclosan-coated sutures</h5><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.1.1"><h5>Overall outcomes at 30 days after surgery</h5><p>Low to high quality evidence from up to 11 RCTs, including 7,648 people, showed that the use of triclosan-coated sutures for wound closure reduces the number of people who experience SSIs and the number of people who require post-operative antimicrobials in comparison to the use of standard sutures.</p><p>Very low to moderate quality evidence from up to 5 RCTs, including 4,856 people, could not differentiate mortality, length of stay or the number of people who experience superficial SSI, deep SSI or dehiscence between the use of triclosan-coated sutures or standard sutures for wound closure.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.1.2"><h5>Outcomes by surgery type at 30 days after surgery</h5><p>High quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 1,633 people, showed that the use of triclosan-coated sutures for wound closure in paediatric surgery reduces the number of children who experience SSIs or deep SSIs and reduces the number who require post-operative antimicrobials in comparison to the use of standard sutures.</p><p>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 510 people, could not differentiate the number of children who experience superficial SSI or wound dehiscence following paediatric surgery between the use of triclosan-coated sutures or standard sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 510 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI following cardiac (sternal) surgery between the use of triclosan-coated sutures or standard sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Very low to low quality evidence from up to 3 RCTs, including 1001 people, could not differentiate mortality, length of stay or the number of people who experience SSI following lower limb arterial surgery between the use of triclosan-coated sutures or standard sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Very low to moderate quality evidence from up to 4 RCTs, including 3,488 people, could not differentiate mortality, length of stay or the number of people who experience SSI, superficial SSI, deep SSI or wound dehiscence following abdominal surgery between the use of triclosan-coated sutures or standard sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Very low to moderate quality evidence from up to 2 RCTs, including 710 people, could not differentiate length of stay or the number of people who experience SSI, superficial SSI, deep SSI or organ/space SSI following colorectal surgery between the use of triclosan-coated sutures or standard sutures for wound closure.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.1.3"><h5>Overall outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery</h5><p>Very low to low quality evidence from up to 2 RCTs, including 749 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI, superficial SSI, deep SSI, organ/space SSI or wound dehiscence when either triclosan-coated or standard sutures are used for wound closure.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.1.4"><h5>Outcomes by surgery type 30 days – 1 year after surgery</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 392 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI, superficial SSI, deep SSI, or wound dehiscence following cardiac (sternal) surgery when either triclosan-coated or standard sutures are used for wound closure.</p><p>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 374 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI or wound dehiscence following cardiac (lower limb arterial) surgery when either triclosan-coated or standard sutures are used for wound closure.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.1.5"><h5>Overall outcomes during postoperative phase</h5><p>Very low quality from 1 RCT, including 241 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI or length of stay following head and neck surgery when either either triclosan-coated or standard sutures are used for wound closure.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.2"><h5>Staples versus sutures</h5><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.2.1"><h5>Overall outcomes at 30 days after surgery</h5><p>High quality evidence from up to 3 RCTs, including 1,908 people, showed that the use of staples for wound closure increases the number of people who experience wound dehiscence in comparison to the use of sutures.</p><p>Very low to moderate quality evidence from up to 6 RCTs, including 3,792 people, could not differentiate length of stay, the number of people who experience SSI, superficial SSI or deep SSI or the number of people readmitted to hospital or who require antimicrobial treatment between the use of staples or sutures for wound closure.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.2.2"><h5>Outcomes by surgery type at 30 days after surgery</h5><p>Moderate quality evidence from up to 2 RCTs, including 828 people, showed that the use of staples for wound closure in caesarean section increases the number of women who experience wound dehiscence in comparison to the use of sutures.</p><p>Very low to moderate quality evidence from up to 2 RCTs, including 828 people, could not differentiate length of stay, the number of women readmitted to hospital or requiring post-operative antimicrobials, or the number of women who experience SSI or dehiscence following caesarean section, between the use of staples or sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 401 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience superficial SSI following abdominal laparotomy, between the use of staples or sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 1,264 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience superficial SSI following colorectal surgery, between the use of staples or sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 1,080 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience superficial SSI or wound dehiscence following gastrointestinal (non-laparotomy) surgery, between the use of staples or sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 219 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience deep SSI following hip arthroplasty surgery, between the use of staples or sutures for wound closure.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.2.3"><h5>Outcomes by surgery type 30 days – 1 year after surgery (same as overall outcomes)</h5><p>High quality evidence from up to 2 RCTs, including 1,144 people, showed that the use of staples for wound closure in caesarean section increases the number of women who experience wound dehiscence in comparison to the use of sutures.</p><p>Low quality evidence from up to 2 RCTs, including 1,144 people, could not differentiate the number of women who experience SSI or the number of women readmitted to hospital following caesarean section between the use of staples or sutures for wound closure.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.3"><h5>Absorbable versus non-absorbable sutures</h5><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.3.1"><h5>Overall outcomes at 30 days after surgery</h5><p>Very low to moderate quality evidence from up to 5 RCTs, including 2,497 people, could not differentiate length of stay, the number of people who experience SSI, superficial SSI, organ/space SSI or wound dehiscence between the use of absorbable or non-absorbable sutures for wound closure.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.3.2"><h5>Outcomes by surgery type at 30 days after surgery</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 1,174 people, showed that the use of absorbable sutures for wound closure in gastrointestinal surgery increases the number of people who experience SSI in comparison to the use of non-absorbable sutures.</p><p>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 301 people, showed that the use of non-absorbable sutures for wound closure in laparotomy increases the number of people who experience wound dehiscence in comparison to the use of absorbable sutures.</p><p>Very low quality evidence from up to 2 RCTs, including 822 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI following laparotomy between the use of absorbable or non-absorbable sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Very low quality evidence from up to 2 RCTs, including 557 people, could not differentiate length of stay or the number of people who experience superficial SSI or organ/space SSI following colorectal surgery between the use of absorbable or non-absorbable sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Very low quality evidence from up to 1 RCTs, including 1,467 people, could not differentiate length of stay following gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgery between the use of absorbable or non-absorbable sutures for wound closure.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.3.3"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery by surgery type (same as overall outcomes)</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from up to 4 RCTs, including 921 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI, superficial SSI or wound dehiscence following abdominal surgery between the use of absorbable or non-absorbable sutures for wound closure.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.4"><h5>Fast-absorbable versus slow-absorbable sutures</h5><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.4.1"><h5>Outcomes at 30 days after surgery by surgery type (same as overall outcomes)</h5><p>Very low to low quality evidence from up to 1 RCT, including 550 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI, superficial SSI, deep SSI, organ/space SSI or wound dehiscence following caesarean section between the use of fast-absorbable or slow-absorbable sutures for wound closure.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.4.2"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery by surgery type (same as overall outcomes)</h5><p>Very low to low quality evidence from up to 1 RCT, including 599 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI or wound dehiscence following gastrointestinal surgery between the use of fast-absorbable or slow-absorbable sutures for wound closure.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.5"><h5>Barbed versus standard sutures</h5><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.5.1"><h5>Outcomes at 30 days after surgery by surgery type (same as overall outcomes)</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from up to 1 RCT, including 411 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI following knee arthroplasty between the use of barbed and standard sutures.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.5.2"><h5>Overall outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery</h5><p>Very low to low quality evidence from up to 2 RCTs, including 640 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI or dehiscence between the use of barbed and standard sutures.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.5.3"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery by surgery type</h5><p>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 411 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI following knee arthroplasty between the use of barbed or standard sutures for wound closure.</p><p>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT, including 229 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI or wound dehiscence following breast surgery between the use of barbed or standard sutures for wound closure.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.6"><h5>Continuous versus interrupted sutures</h5><div id="ch4.s1.1.9.6.1"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery by surgery type (same as overall outcomes)</h5><p>Low to moderate quality evidence from up to 2 RCTs, including 1,224 people, could not differentiate the number of people who experience SSI or wound dehiscence following abdominal surgery between the use of continuous and interrupted sutures.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch4.s1.1.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch4.s1.1.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee identified SSI including superficial SSI, deep SSI and organ space SSI as well as dehiscence as outcomes of interest. The committee were interested in outcomes at both one month and one year after surgery, although it was suggested that the outcomes at one month were the most important as most SSIs reported up to one year are likely to have been evident within the first 30 days.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The studies ranged from very low- to high-quality evidence. Study location varied, with only 2 of the studies based in the UK. When data were pooled the majority of outcomes for triclosan-coated sutures were very low or low quality and heterogeneity between studies was high. However, when stratified by surgery type, one study [Renko 2016] was found to be high-quality. This study was used to support the recommendation in favour of triclosan-coated sutures in paediatric surgery. The committee were aware that with only one study on paediatric surgery meeting the inclusion criteria there was no evidence regarding the repeatability of these findings. However, given the high quality of the study, it was decided that this was sufficient to make a consider recommendation.</p><p>The committee also discussed the wide variety of follow-up periods reported in the literature. Outcomes for the meta-analysis were grouped by those reported up to 30 days post-surgery and those reported between 30 days and 1 year post-surgery. However, some studies reported follow-up assessments both before and after 30 days despite only reporting one overall figure for the number of people developing an SSI. The committee decided that it would be unlikely for someone to develop an SSI beyond 30 days if it was not already evidence in the first 30 postoperative days and so this did not affect their decisions when deciding on the recommendations. Studies examining the use of triclosan-coated sutures were lower quality. The committee raised concerns about the low percentage of SSIs reported in one study [<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref13" rid="ch4.appk.ref13">Ichida 2018</a>] and suggested that the reported SSI rate of 6.9% is lower than would typically be expected in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Another study [<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref10" rid="ch4.appk.ref10">Galal 2011</a>] examined SSI in a variety of surgical procedures. The committee suggested that this form of analysis was problematic as the variation in SSI rates between different surgeries means that they cannot easily be compared. The low quality of evidence for patient groups other than paediatrics meant that the committee did not feel they could confidently make a recommendation in favour of using triclosan-coated sutures for other specific types of surgery. However they acknowledged that, although low quality, the pooled evidence in favour of triclosan-coated sutures indicates that there may be an effect.</p><p>Evidence for the use of staples or sutures for wound closure ranged from very low to moderate quality. The low quality and high levels of inconsistency in these studies made it difficult for the committee to make general recommendations on these outcomes. However, when stratified by surgery type, 3 studies [<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha 2010</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref9" rid="ch4.appk.ref9">Figueroa 2013</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref19" rid="ch4.appk.ref19">Mackeen 2014</a>] provided evidence for the benefits of sutures over staples for wound closure after Caesarean-section. Evidence for other types of surgery were low-quality and the committee did not consider them sufficient to confidently make any other recommendations regarding the use of staples or sutures.</p><p>Evidence for absorbable sutures ranged from very low to moderate quality and did not produce any conclusive findings. There was limited evidence for the other comparisons (fast- or slow-absorbable, barbed or standard sutures and continuous or interrupted sutures) and the quality of findings for the majority of the outcomes was very low to low quality. As a result, the committee did not feel there was sufficient information for them to confidently make a recommendation on other methods or techniques for wound closure.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>The committee noted the wide range of procedures that were investigated in the literature. The committee discussed how the operative site can affect the rate of SSI after some surgical procedures, such as colorectal surgery, more prone to SSI than others, such as orthopaedic surgery. As a result, outcomes were stratified by type of surgery to highlight the effects in individual procedures. This approach identified paediatrics as a particular group which might benefit from antimicrobial triclosan-coated sutures and caesarean as a surgery in which the use of sutures appears to be a benefit.</p><p>A discussion point from the committee was the definition of SSI and dehiscence. The committee agreed that the benefits of sutures over staples after Caesarean section was an important finding which needed to be reflected in the recommendations. However, with no significant findings in relation to SSI there were concerns that the recommendation would not be addressing the aim of the guideline. After discussion, the committee agreed that the current CDC definition does not clearly separate SSI from dehiscence and so a recommendation relating exclusively to dehiscence did meet the remit of the guideline. However, they agreed that greater clarification on the definition of SSI and dehiscence would be useful.</p><p>The committee noted that the treatment of SSIs can result in considerable costs to the NHS and so the reduction of these could help to reduce costs as well as improving patient outcomes following surgery. The costs of antimicrobial triclosan-coated sutures are higher than traditional sutures but it was agreed that this difference in cost is less than the cost of treating an SSI.</p><p>The committee were not aware of any reports of adverse reactions as a result of using triclosan-coated sutures. As a result, they agreed that the recommendation that healthcare professionals consider using them should not result in any additional risk of harm to patients.</p><p>One potential harm of an increased use of triclosan-coated sutures is the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. While resistance has not been reported, these effects may need to be considered if future evidence shows further benefits of using triclosan-coated sutures over standard sutures in different types of surgery.</p><p>The use of sutures over staples for wound closure following caesarean section has the potential benefit of reducing the number of patients experiencing wound dehiscence and any costs associated with subsequent treatment. The committee were not aware of any obvious harms to patients if a change were made from the use of staples to sutures.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.1.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>Although this review question was not prioritised for original economic analyses, the committee agreed that unit costs presented for triclosan-coated sutures and non-triclosan-coated sutures suggested that the difference was around £0.80. The committee were aware that, in the economic models developed for the nasal decontamination and skin preparation prior to surgical procedure review questions, the average cost of managing a single patient with an SSI was estimated at £3,122.86.</p><p>Therefore, the committee understood that, as long as the use of triclosan-coated sutures avoids even a single case of SSI, the marginal increase in costs for triclosan-coated sutures compared to non-coated sutures would still result in the strategy cost being less than that of non-coated sutures. Furthermore, a patient who has avoided an SSI would have more QALYs than a patient without an SSI, so triclosan-coated sutures would represent a dominant strategy.</p><div id="ch4.s1.1.10.2.1"><h5>Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>The committee noted the wide variation between the different materials used for wound closure and the different layers closed in the procedures reported in the literature. They noted that this made it difficult to determine the precise effects of the different materials used, such as the different types of triclosan-coated sutures. However as this reflects current practice, with the choice of suture often based on surgeon preference, the research was still considered relevant.</p><p>There were no particular concerns over any specific patient groups who may be affected by the recommendations made. However, it was highlighted that it was not clear how emergency patients would benefit from these recommendations as it is often difficult to recruit this group of patients for research. For this reason, the committee decided to make this a research recommendation.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup4"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup4_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch4.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><div id="ch4.appa.s1"><h4>Review protocol for the effectiveness of closure materials and techniques in the prevention of surgical site infection</h4><p id="ch4.appa.fm1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appa-fm1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (1.1M)</span></p></div></div><div id="ch4.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Methods</h3><div id="ch4.appb.s1"><h4>Priority screening</h4><p>The reviews undertaken for this guideline all made use of the priority screening functionality with the EPPI-reviewer systematic reviewing software. This uses a machine learning algorithm (specifically, an SGD classifier) to take information on features (1, 2 and 3 word blocks) in the titles and abstract of papers marked as being ‘includes’ or ‘excludes’ during the title and abstract screening process, and re-orders the remaining records from most likely to least likely to be an include, based on that algorithm. This re-ordering of the remaining records occurs every time 25 additional records have been screened.</p><p>As an additional check to ensure this approach did not miss relevant studies, the included studies lists of included systematic reviews were searched to identify any papers not identified through the primary search.</p><div id="ch4.appb.s1.1"><h5>Quality assessment</h5><p>Individual systematic reviews were quality assessed using the ROBIS tool, with each classified into one of the following three groups:
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<ul id="ch4.l165"><li id="ch4.lt425" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality – It is unlikely that additional relevant and important data would be identified from primary studies compared to that reported in the review, and unlikely that any relevant and important studies have been missed by the review.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt426" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality – It is possible that additional relevant and important data would be identified from primary studies compared to that reported in the review, but unlikely that any relevant and important studies have been missed by the review.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt427" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality – It is possible that relevant and important studies have been missed by the review.</div></li></ul></p><p>Each individual systematic review was also classified into one of three groups for its applicability as a source of data, based on how closely the review matches the specified review protocol in the guideline. Studies were rated as follows:
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<ul id="ch4.l166"><li id="ch4.lt428" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fully applicable – The identified review fully covers the review protocol in the guideline.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt429" class="half_rhythm"><div>Partially applicable – The identified review fully covers a discrete subsection of the review protocol in the guideline.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt430" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable – The identified review, despite including studies relevant to the review question, does not fully cover any discrete subsection of the review protocol in the guideline.</div></li></ul></p></div><div id="ch4.appb.s1.2"><h5>Using systematic reviews as a source of data</h5><p>If systematic reviews were identified as being sufficiently applicable and high quality, and were identified sufficiently early in the review process (for example, from the surveillance review or early in the database search), they were used as the primary source of data, rather than extracting information from primary studies. The extent to which this was done depended on the quality and applicability of the review, as defined in Table . When systematic reviews were used as a source of primary data, any unpublished or additional data included in the review which is not in the primary studies was also included. Data from these systematic reviews was then quality assessed and presented in GRADE tables as described below, in the same way as if data had been extracted from primary studies. In questions where data was extracted from both systematic reviews and primary studies, these were cross-referenced to ensure none of the data had been double counted through this process.</p><p id="ch4.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab1" class="figpopup">Table 5. Criteria for using systematic reviews as a source of data</a></p></div></div><div id="ch4.appb.s2"><h4>Evidence of effectiveness of interventions</h4><div id="ch4.appb.s2.1"><h5>Quality assessment</h5><p>Individual RCTs were quality assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Other study were quality assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Each individual study was classified into one of the following three groups:
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<ul id="ch4.l167"><li id="ch4.lt431" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low risk of bias – The true effect size for the study is likely to be close to the estimated effect size.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt432" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate risk of bias – There is a possibility the true effect size for the study is substantially different to the estimated effect size.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt433" class="half_rhythm"><div>High risk of bias – It is likely the true effect size for the study is substantially different to the estimated effect size.</div></li></ul></p><p>Each individual study was also classified into one of three groups for directness, based on if there were concerns about the population, intervention, comparator and/or outcomes in the study and how directly these variables could address the specified review question. Studies were rated as follows:
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<ul id="ch4.l168"><li id="ch4.lt434" class="half_rhythm"><div>Direct – No important deviations from the protocol in population, intervention, comparator and/or outcomes.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt435" class="half_rhythm"><div>Partially indirect – Important deviations from the protocol in one of the population, intervention, comparator and/or outcomes.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt436" class="half_rhythm"><div>Indirect – Important deviations from the protocol in at least two of the following areas: population, intervention, comparator and/or outcomes.</div></li></ul></p></div><div id="ch4.appb.s2.2"><h5>Methods for combining intervention evidence</h5><p>Meta-analyses of interventional data were conducted with reference to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins et al. 2011).</p><p>Where different studies presented continuous data measuring the same outcome but using different numerical scales (e.g. a 0–10 and a 0–100 visual analogue scale), these outcomes were all converted to the same scale before meta-analysis was conducted on the mean differences. Where outcomes measured the same underlying construct but used different instruments/metrics, data were analysed using standardised mean differences (Hedges’ g).</p><p>A pooled relative risk was calculated for dichotomous outcomes (using the Mantel–Haenszel method). Both relative and absolute risks were presented, with absolute risks calculated by applying the relative risk to the pooled risk in the comparator arm of the meta-analysis.</p><p>Fixed- and random-effects models (der Simonian and Laird) where appropriate, with the presented analysis dependent on the degree of heterogeneity in the assembled evidence. Fixed-effects models were the preferred choice to report, but in situations where the assumption of a shared mean for fixed-effects model were clearly not met, even after appropriate pre-specified subgroup analyses were conducted, random-effects results are presented. Fixed-effects models were deemed to be inappropriate if one or both of the following conditions was met:
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<ul id="ch4.l169"><li id="ch4.lt437" class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant between study heterogeneity in methodology, population, intervention or comparator was identified by the reviewer in advance of data analysis. This decision was made and recorded before any data analysis was undertaken.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt438" class="half_rhythm"><div>The presence of significant statistical heterogeneity in the meta-analysis, defined as I<sup>2</sup>≥50%.</div></li></ul></p><p>In any meta-analyses where some (but not all) of the data came from studies at high risk of bias, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, excluding those studies from the analysis. Results from both the full and restricted meta-analyses are reported. Similarly, in any meta-analyses where some (but not all) of the data came from indirect studies, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, excluding those studies from the analysis.</p><p>Meta-analyses were performed in Cochrane Review Manager v5.3.</p></div><div id="ch4.appb.s2.3"><h5>Minimal clinically important differences (MIDs)</h5><p>The Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database was searched to identify published minimal clinically important difference thresholds relevant to this guideline. Identified MIDs were assessed to ensure they had been developed and validated in a methodologically rigorous way, and were applicable to the populations, interventions and outcomes specified in this guideline. In addition, the Guideline Committee were asked to prospectively specify any outcomes where they felt a consensus MID could be defined from their experience. In particular, any questions looking to evaluate non-inferiority (that one treatment is not meaningfully worse than another) required an MID to be defined to act as a non-inferiority margin.</p><p>No MIDs were identified. Therefore, a default MID interval for dichotomous outcomes of 0.8 to 1.25 was used. Continuous outcomes were judged based on whether the difference between the study arms was significant (p<0.05).</p><p>When decisions were made in situations where MIDs were not available, the ‘Evidence to Recommendations’ section of that review should make explicit the committee’s view of the expected clinical importance and relevance of the findings. In particular, this includes consideration of whether the whole effect of a treatment (which may be felt across multiple independent outcome domains) would be likely to be clinically meaningful, rather than simply whether each individual sub outcome might be meaningful in isolation.</p></div><div id="ch4.appb.s2.4"><h5>GRADE for pairwise meta-analyses of interventional evidence</h5><p>GRADE was used to assess the quality of evidence for the selected outcomes as specified in ‘Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014)’. Data from all study designs was initially rated as high quality and the quality of the evidence for each outcome was downgraded or not from this initial point, based on the criteria given in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4appbtab2" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab2">Table 6</a>.</p><p id="ch4.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab2" class="figpopup">Table 6. Rationale for downgrading quality of evidence for intervention studies</a></p><p>The quality of evidence for each outcome was upgraded if any of the following three conditions were met:
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<ul id="ch4.l170"><li id="ch4.lt439" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data from non-randomised studies showing an effect size sufficiently large that it cannot be explained by confounding alone.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt440" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data showing a dose-response gradient.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt441" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data where all plausible residual confounding is likely to increase our confidence in the effect estimate.</div></li></ul></p></div><div id="ch4.appb.s2.5"><h5>Publication bias</h5><p>Publication bias was assessed in two ways. First, if evidence of conducted but unpublished studies was identified during the review (e.g. conference abstracts, trial protocols or trial records without accompanying published data), available information on these unpublished studies was reported as part of the review. Secondly, where 10 or more studies were included as part of a single meta-analysis, a funnel plot was produced to graphically assess the potential for publication bias.</p></div><div id="ch4.appb.s2.6"><h5>Evidence statements</h5><p>Evidence statements for pairwise intervention data are classified in to one of four categories:
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<ul id="ch4.l171"><li id="ch4.lt442" class="half_rhythm"><div>Situations where the data are only consistent, at a 95% confidence level, with an effect in one direction (i.e. one that is ‘statistically significant’), and the magnitude of that effect is most likely to meet or exceed the MID (i.e. the point estimate is not in the zone of equivalence). In such cases, we state that the evidence showed that there is an effect.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt443" class="half_rhythm"><div>Situations where the data are only consistent, at a 95% confidence level, with an effect in one direction (i.e. one that is ‘statistically significant’), but the magnitude of that effect is most likely to be less than the MID (i.e. the point estimate is in the zone of equivalence). In such cases, we state that the evidence could not demonstrate a meaningful difference.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt444" class="half_rhythm"><div>Situations where the data are consistent, at a 95% confidence level, with an effect in either direction (i.e. one that is not ‘statistically significant’) but the confidence limits are smaller than the MIDs in both directions. In such cases, we state that the evidence demonstrates that there is no difference.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt445" class="half_rhythm"><div>In all other cases, we state that the evidence could not differentiate between the comparators.</div></li></ul></p><p>For outcomes without a defined MID or where the MID is set as the line of no effect, evidence statements are divided into 2 groups as follows:
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<ul id="ch4.l172"><li id="ch4.lt446" class="half_rhythm"><div>We state that the evidence showed that there is an effect if the 95% CI does not cross the line of no effect.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt447" class="half_rhythm"><div>The evidence could not differentiate between comparators if the 95% CI crosses the line of no effect.</div></li></ul></p></div></div><div id="ch4.appb.s3"><h4>Health economics</h4><p>Literature reviews seeking to identify published cost–utility analyses of relevance to the issues under consideration were conducted for all questions. In each case, the search undertaken for the clinical review was modified, retaining population and intervention descriptors, but removing any study-design filter and adding a filter designed to identify relevant health economic analyses. In assessing studies for inclusion, population, intervention and comparator, criteria were always identical to those used in the parallel clinical search; only cost–utility analyses were included. Economic evidence profiles, including critical appraisal according to the Guidelines manual, were completed for included studies.</p><p>Economic studies identified through a systematic search of the literature are appraised using a methodology checklist designed for economic evaluations (NICE guidelines manual; 2014). This checklist is not intended to judge the quality of a study per se, but to determine whether an existing economic evaluation is useful to inform the decision-making of the committee for a specific topic within the guideline.</p><p>There are 2 parts of the appraisal process. The first step is to assess applicability (that is, the relevance of the study to the specific guideline topic and the NICE reference case); evaluations are categorised according to the criteria in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4appbtab3" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab3">Table 1</a>.</p><p id="ch4.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab3" class="figpopup">Table 1. Applicability criteria</a></p><p>In the second step, only those studies deemed directly or partially applicable are further assessed for limitations (that is, methodological quality); see categorisation criteria in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4appbtab4" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab4">Table 2</a>.</p><p id="ch4.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab4" class="figpopup">Table 2. Methodological criteria</a></p><p>Studies were prioritised for inclusion based on their relative applicability to the development of this guideline and the study limitations. For example, if a high quality, directly applicable UK analysis was available, then other less relevant studies may not have been included. Where selective exclusions were made on this basis, this is noted in the relevant section.</p><p>Where relevant, a summary of the main findings from the systematic search, review and appraisal of economic evidence is presented in an economic evidence profile alongside the clinical evidence.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Literature search strategies</h3><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appctab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appc.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appctab1" rid-ob="figobch4appctab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appc.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appc.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appc.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appc.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appctab1">Table</a></h4></div></div><p>The MEDLINE search strategy is presented below. This was translated for use in all of the other databases listed. The aim of the search was to identify evidence for the clinical question being asked. Randomised Controlled Trial and Systematic Review filters were used to identify the study designs specified in the Review Protocol.</p><ol id="ch4.l173"><li id="ch4.lt448" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical Wound Infection/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt449" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound Infection/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt450" class="half_rhythm"><div>SURGICAL WOUND DEHISCENCE/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt451" class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection Control/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt452" class="half_rhythm"><div>(infection adj4 control).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt453" class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative Complications/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt454" class="half_rhythm"><div>((wound? or incision* or suture*) adj4 (infect* or sepsis or septic* or dehiscen* or site* or contamin* or disrupt* or rupture* or separat*)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt455" class="half_rhythm"><div>(SSI or SSIs or SSTI or SSTIs).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt456" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bacterial Infections/pc [Prevention & Control]</div></li><li id="ch4.lt457" class="half_rhythm"><div>((post operative* or postoperative* or post surgical* or postsurgical*) adj4 (infect* or sepsis or septic*)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt458" class="half_rhythm"><div>or/1–10</div></li><li id="ch4.lt459" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sutures/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt460" class="half_rhythm"><div>(suture? or stitch*).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt461" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical Tape/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt462" class="half_rhythm"><div>exp Tissue Adhesives/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt463" class="half_rhythm"><div>((tape? or adhesive?) adj4 (skin or tissue or surg*)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt464" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical stapling/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt465" class="half_rhythm"><div>staple?.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt466" class="half_rhythm"><div>(surg* adj4 stapling).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt467" class="half_rhythm"><div>suture techniques/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt468" class="half_rhythm"><div>(glue* adj4 (skin or tissue or surg*)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt469" class="half_rhythm"><div>(skin adj4 sealant*).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt470" class="half_rhythm"><div>((wound? or incision* or skin or surg*) adj4 closure).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt471" class="half_rhythm"><div>(biologic* adj4 glue*).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt472" class="half_rhythm"><div>(fibrin* adj4 (glue* or sealant*)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt473" class="half_rhythm"><div>(clip? adj4 (skin or tissue or surg*)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt474" class="half_rhythm"><div>or/12–26</div></li><li id="ch4.lt475" class="half_rhythm"><div>11 and 27</div></li><li id="ch4.lt476" class="half_rhythm"><div>animals/ not humans/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt477" class="half_rhythm"><div>28 not 29</div></li><li id="ch4.lt478" class="half_rhythm"><div>limit 30 to english language</div></li><li id="ch4.lt479" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomized Controlled Trial.pt.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt480" class="half_rhythm"><div>Controlled Clinical Trial.pt.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt481" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical Trial.pt.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt482" class="half_rhythm"><div>exp Clinical Trials as Topic/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt483" class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebos/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt484" class="half_rhythm"><div>Random Allocation/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt485" class="half_rhythm"><div>Double-Blind Method/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt486" class="half_rhythm"><div>Single-Blind Method/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt487" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cross-Over Studies/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt488" class="half_rhythm"><div>((random$ or control$ or clinical$) adj3 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt489" class="half_rhythm"><div>(random$ adj3 allocat$).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt490" class="half_rhythm"><div>placebo$.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt491" class="half_rhythm"><div>((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj (blind$ or mask$)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt492" class="half_rhythm"><div>(crossover$ or (cross adj over$)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt493" class="half_rhythm"><div>or/32–45</div></li><li id="ch4.lt494" class="half_rhythm"><div>Meta-Analysis.pt.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt495" class="half_rhythm"><div>Network Meta-Analysis/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt496" class="half_rhythm"><div>Meta-Analysis as Topic/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt497" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review.pt.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt498" class="half_rhythm"><div>exp Review Literature as Topic/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt499" class="half_rhythm"><div>(metaanaly$ or metanaly$ or (meta adj3 analy$)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt500" class="half_rhythm"><div>(review$ or overview$).ti.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt501" class="half_rhythm"><div>(systematic$ adj5 (review$ or overview$)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt502" class="half_rhythm"><div>((quantitative$ or qualitative$) adj5 (review$ or overview$)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt503" class="half_rhythm"><div>((studies or trial$) adj2 (review$ or overview$)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt504" class="half_rhythm"><div>(integrat$ adj3 (research or review$ or literature)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt505" class="half_rhythm"><div>(pool$ adj2 (analy$ or data)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt506" class="half_rhythm"><div>(handsearch$ or (hand adj3 search$)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt507" class="half_rhythm"><div>(manual$ adj3 search$).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt508" class="half_rhythm"><div>or/47–60</div></li><li id="ch4.lt509" class="half_rhythm"><div>46 or 61</div></li><li id="ch4.lt510" class="half_rhythm"><div>31 and 62</div></li><li id="ch4.lt511" class="half_rhythm"><div>limit 63 to ed=20070901–20180629</div></li></ol><div id="ch4.appc.s1"><h4>Economic evaluations and quality of life data</h4><p>Search filters to retrieve economic evaluations and quality of life papers were appended to the strategy listed above to identify relevant evidence. The MEDLINE economic evaluations and quality of life search filters are presented below. They were translated for use in MEDLINE in Process, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Econlit databases.</p><p>Sources searched to identify economic evaluations:
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<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appctab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appc.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appctab2" rid-ob="figobch4appctab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appc.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appc.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appc.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appc.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appctab2">Table</a></h4></div></div></p><div id="ch4.appc.s1.1"><h5>Economic evaluations</h5><ol id="ch4.l174"><li id="ch4.lt512" class="half_rhythm"><div>Economics/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt513" class="half_rhythm"><div>exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt514" class="half_rhythm"><div>Economics, Dental/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt515" class="half_rhythm"><div>exp Economics, Hospital/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt516" class="half_rhythm"><div>exp Economics, Medical/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt517" class="half_rhythm"><div>Economics, Nursing/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt518" class="half_rhythm"><div>Economics, Pharmaceutical/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt519" class="half_rhythm"><div>Budgets/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt520" class="half_rhythm"><div>exp Models, Economic/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt521" class="half_rhythm"><div>Markov Chains/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt522" class="half_rhythm"><div>Monte Carlo Method/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt523" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decision Trees/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt524" class="half_rhythm"><div>econom$.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt525" class="half_rhythm"><div>cba.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt526" class="half_rhythm"><div>cea.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt527" class="half_rhythm"><div>cua.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt528" class="half_rhythm"><div>markov$.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt529" class="half_rhythm"><div>(monte adj carlo).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt530" class="half_rhythm"><div>(decision adj3 (tree$ or analys$)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt531" class="half_rhythm"><div>(cost or costs or costing$ or costly or costed).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt532" class="half_rhythm"><div>(price$ or pricing$).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt533" class="half_rhythm"><div>budget$.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt534" class="half_rhythm"><div>expenditure$.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt535" class="half_rhythm"><div>(value adj3 (money or monetary)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt536" class="half_rhythm"><div>(pharmacoeconomic$ or (pharmaco adj economic$)).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt537" class="half_rhythm"><div>or/1–25</div></li></ol></div><div id="ch4.appc.s1.2"><h5>Quality of Life</h5><ol id="ch4.l175"><li id="ch4.lt538" class="half_rhythm"><div>“Quality of Life”/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt539" class="half_rhythm"><div>quality of life.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt540" class="half_rhythm"><div>“Value of Life”/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt541" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality-Adjusted Life Years/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt542" class="half_rhythm"><div>quality adjusted life.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt543" class="half_rhythm"><div>(qaly$ or qald$ or qale$ or qtime$).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt544" class="half_rhythm"><div>disability adjusted life.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt545" class="half_rhythm"><div>daly$.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt546" class="half_rhythm"><div>Health Status Indicators/</div></li><li id="ch4.lt547" class="half_rhythm"><div>(sf36 or sf 36 or short form 36 or shortform 36 or sf thirtysix or sf thirty six or shortform thirtysix or shortform thirty six or short form thirtysix or short form thirty six).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt548" class="half_rhythm"><div>(sf6 or sf 6 or short form 6 or shortform 6 or sf six or sfsix or shortform six or short form six).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt549" class="half_rhythm"><div>(sf12 or sf 12 or short form 12 or shortform 12 or sf twelve or sftwelve or shortform twelve or short form twelve).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt550" class="half_rhythm"><div>(sf16 or sf 16 or short form 16 or shortform 16 or sf sixteen or sfsixteen or shortform sixteen or short form sixteen).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt551" class="half_rhythm"><div>(sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or sf twenty or sftwenty or shortform twenty or short form twenty).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt552" class="half_rhythm"><div>(euroqol or euro qol or eq5d or eq 5d).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt553" class="half_rhythm"><div>(qol or hql or hqol or hrqol).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt554" class="half_rhythm"><div>(hye or hyes).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt555" class="half_rhythm"><div>health$ year$ equivalent$.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt556" class="half_rhythm"><div>utilit$.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt557" class="half_rhythm"><div>(hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt558" class="half_rhythm"><div>disutili$.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt559" class="half_rhythm"><div>rosser.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt560" class="half_rhythm"><div>quality of wellbeing.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt561" class="half_rhythm"><div>quality of well-being.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt562" class="half_rhythm"><div>qwb.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt563" class="half_rhythm"><div>willingness to pay.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt564" class="half_rhythm"><div>standard gamble$.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt565" class="half_rhythm"><div>time trade off.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt566" class="half_rhythm"><div>time tradeoff.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt567" class="half_rhythm"><div>tto.tw.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt568" class="half_rhythm"><div>or/1–30</div></li></ol></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch4.appd.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appdf1&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appdf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appdf1.jpg" alt="Image ch4appdf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="ch4.appe.s1"><h4>E1.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref1" rid="ch4.appk.ref1">Baracs 2011</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (228K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2"><h4>E2.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha 2010</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (223K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3"><h4>E3.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref3" rid="ch4.appk.ref3">Bloemen 2011</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et3"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et3.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (225K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s4"><h4>E4.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref4" rid="ch4.appk.ref4">Buresch 2017</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et4"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et4.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (224K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s5"><h4>E5.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref5" rid="ch4.appk.ref5">Buttaro 2015</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et5"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et5.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (223K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s6"><h4>E6.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref6" rid="ch4.appk.ref6">Cameron 1987</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et6"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et6.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (224K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s7"><h4>E7.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref7" rid="ch4.appk.ref7">Chen 2011</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et7"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et7.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (226K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s8"><h4>E8.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et8"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et8.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (225K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s9"><h4>E9.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref9" rid="ch4.appk.ref9">Figueroa 2013</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et9"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et9.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (224K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s10"><h4>E10.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref10" rid="ch4.appk.ref10">Galal 2011</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et10"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et10.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (222K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s11"><h4>E11.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref11" rid="ch4.appk.ref11">Gilliland 2014</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et11"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et11.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (226K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s12"><h4>E12.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref12" rid="ch4.appk.ref12">Gislason 1995</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et12"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et12.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (226K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s13"><h4>E13.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref13" rid="ch4.appk.ref13">Ichida 2018</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et13"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et13.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (225K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s14"><h4>E14.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref14" rid="ch4.appk.ref14">Imamura 2016</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et14"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et14.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (225K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s15"><h4>E15.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref15" rid="ch4.appk.ref15">Isik 2012</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et15"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et15.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (224K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s16"><h4>E16.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref16" rid="ch4.appk.ref16">Justinger 2013</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et16"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et16.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (222K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s17"><h4>E17.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref17" rid="ch4.appk.ref17">Kobayashi 2015</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et17"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et17.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (225K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s18"><h4>E18.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref18" rid="ch4.appk.ref18">Leaper 1985</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et18"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et18.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (224K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s19"><h4>E19.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref19" rid="ch4.appk.ref19">Mackeen 2014</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et19"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et19.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (221K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s20"><h4>E20.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref20" rid="ch4.appk.ref20">Maehara 2017</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et20"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et20.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (220K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s21"><h4>E21.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref21" rid="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli 2015</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et21"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et21.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (220K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s22"><h4>E22.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref22" rid="ch4.appk.ref22">Nakamura 2013</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et22"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et22.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (221K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s23"><h4>E23.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref23" rid="ch4.appk.ref23">Orr 2003</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et23"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et23.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (222K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s24"><h4>E24.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref24" rid="ch4.appk.ref24">Pandey 2013</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et24"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et24.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (224K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s25"><h4>E25. Renko 2016</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et25"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et25.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (220K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s26"><h4>E26.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref26" rid="ch4.appk.ref26">Rubin 2014</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et26"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et26.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (220K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s27"><h4>E27.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref27" rid="ch4.appk.ref27">Seiler 2009</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et27"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et27.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (221K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s28"><h4>E28.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref28" rid="ch4.appk.ref28">Seim 2012</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et28"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et28.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (222K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s29"><h4>E29.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref29" rid="ch4.appk.ref29">Steingrimsson 2015</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et29"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et29.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (224K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s30"><h4>E30.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref30" rid="ch4.appk.ref30">Talpur 2011</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et30"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et30.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (225K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s31"><h4>E31.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref31" rid="ch4.appk.ref31">Tanaka 2014</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et31"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et31.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (224K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s32"><h4>E32.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref32" rid="ch4.appk.ref32">Thimour-Bergstrom 2013</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et32"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et32.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (225K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s33"><h4>E33.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref33" rid="ch4.appk.ref33">Tsujinaka 2013</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et33"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et33.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (225K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s34"><h4>E34.
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref34" rid="ch4.appk.ref34">Turtianen 2012</a>
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</h4><p id="ch4.appe.et34"><a href="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4-appe-et34.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (223K)</span></p></div></div><div id="ch4.appf"><h3>Appendix F. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch4.appf.s1"><h4>F.1. Triclosan versus non-triclosan coated sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appf.s1.1"><h5>SSI (up to 30 days) – Fixed effects (by surgery type and overall)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff1&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff1.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.2"><h5>SSI (up to 30 days) – Random effects</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff2&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff2.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.3"><h5>SSI (30 days – 1 year)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff3&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff3.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.3.1"><h5>SSI (during postoperative phase)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff4&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff4.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff4" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.3.2"><h5>SSI (superficial) (up to 30 days)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff5&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff5.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff5" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.3.3"><h5>SSI (deep) (up to 30 days)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig6" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff6&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff6.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff6" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.3.4"><h5>Dehiscence (up to 30 days)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig7" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff7&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff7.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff7" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.3.5"><h5>Length of stay (by surgery)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig8" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff8&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff8.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff8" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.3.6"><h5>Length of stay (by follow up period)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig9" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff9&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff9.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff9" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.3.7"><h5>Mortality</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig10" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff10&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff10.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff10" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.4"><h4>F.2. Staples versus sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appf.s1.4.1"><h5>SSI (30 days – 1 year)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig11" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff11&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff11.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff11" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.4.2"><h5>SSI superficial (up to 30 days)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig12" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff12&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff12.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff12" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.4.3"><h5>Dehiscence (up to 30 days)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig13" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff13&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff13.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff13" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.4.4"><h5>Dehiscence (30 days – 1 year)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig14" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff14&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff14.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff14" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.5"><h4>F.3. Absorbable versus non-absorbable sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appf.s1.5.1"><h5>SSI (less than 30 days)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig15" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff15&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff15.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff15" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.5.2"><h5>SSI (30 days – 1 year)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig16" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff16&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff16.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff16" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.5.3"><h5>Dehiscence (30 days - 1 year)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig17" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff17&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff17.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff17" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.5.4"><h5>Length of Stay</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig18" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff18&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff18.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff18" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.6"><h4>F.4. Barbed versus standard sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appf.s1.6.1"><h5>SSI (30 days – 1 year)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig19" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff19&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff19.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff19" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s1.7"><h4>F.6. Continuous versus interrupted sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appf.s1.7.1"><h5>SSI (30 days – 1 year)</h5><div id="ch4.appf.fig20" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff20&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff20.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff20.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff20" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg"><h3>Appendix G. GRADE tables</h3><div id="ch4.appg.s1"><h4>G.1. Triclosan-coated versus non triclosan-coated sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appg.s1.1"><h5>Outcomes up to 30 days after surgery - overall</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab1" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">11
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Baracs 2011
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</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s1.2"><h5>Outcomes up to 30 days after surgery - by surgery type</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab2" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab2">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1
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Isik 2012
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</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s1.3"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery - overall</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab3"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab3" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab3">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">2
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Steingrimmson 2015
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</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s1.4"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery – by surgery type</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab4"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab4" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab4">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1
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Steingrimmson 2015
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</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s1.5"><h5>Outcomes during postoperative phase - overall</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab5"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab5" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab5">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1
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Chen 2011
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</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s2"><h4>G.2. Staples versus sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appg.s2.1"><h5>Outcomes up to 30 days after surgery - overall</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab6"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab6" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab6">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1
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Figueroa 2013
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</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s2.2"><h5>Outcomes up to 30 days after surgery – by surgery type</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab7"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab7" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab7">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1
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Figueroa 2013
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</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s2.3"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery - overall (same as by surgery type)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab8"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab8" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab8">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">2
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Figueroa 2013
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</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s3"><h4>G.3. Absorbable versus non-absorbable sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appg.s3.1"><h5>Outcomes up to 30 days after surgery - overall</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab9"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab9" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab9">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">3
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Bloemen 2011
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</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s3.2"><h5>Outcomes up to 30 days after surgery – by surgery type</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab10"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab10" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab10">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">2
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Bloemen 2011
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</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s3.3"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery – overall (same as by surgery type)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab11"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab11" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab11">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">2
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Leaper 1985
|
|
</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s4"><h4>G.4. Slow-absorbable versus fast-absorbable sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appg.s4.1"><h5>Outcomes up to 30 days after surgery - overall (same as by surgery type)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab12"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab12" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab12">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1
|
|
Buresch 2017
|
|
</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s4.2"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery – overall (same as by surgery type)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab13"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab13" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab13"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab13/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab13/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab13">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1
|
|
Gislason 1995
|
|
</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s5"><h4>G.5. Barbed versus standard sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appg.s5.1"><h5>Outcomes up to 30 days after surgery – overall (same as by surgery type)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab14"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab14" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab14"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab14/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab14/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab14">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1
|
|
Gilliland 2014
|
|
</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s5.2"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery - overall</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab15"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab15" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab15"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab15/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab15/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab15">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">2
|
|
Gilliland 2014
|
|
</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s5.3"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery – by surgery type</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab16"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab16" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab16"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab16/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab16/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab16">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1
|
|
Gilliland 2014
|
|
</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg.s6"><h4>G.5. Continuous versus interrupted sutures</h4><div id="ch4.appg.s6.1"><h5>Outcomes 30 days – 1 year after surgery – overall (same as by surgery type)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appgtab17"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appgtab17" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab17"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab17/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab17/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appg.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgtab17">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">2
|
|
Gislason 1995
|
|
</p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch4.apph.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4apphf1&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4apphf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4apphf1.jpg" alt="Image ch4apphf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch4.appi.s1"><h4>Clinical studies</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appitab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appitab1" rid-ob="figobch4appitab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appi.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appi.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appitab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Study does not contain any relevant interventions Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appi.s2"><h4>Economic studies</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appitab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appitab2" rid-ob="figobch4appitab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appi.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appi.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appi.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appitab2">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Research recommendations</h3><div id="ch4.appj.s1"><h4>1. Does the use of barbed sutures for wound closure reduce the incidence of SSI?</h4><p>Only two studies were identified which examined the effectiveness of barbed sutures for wound closure in reducing the incidence of SSIs. The evidence was found to be inconclusive and of low quality. Three further studies were identified which examined the effectiveness of barbed sutures compared to standard sutures, however these studies contained less than 200 participants and were excluded. Further research is needed using a robust study design to explore the clinical and cost effectiveness of barbed sutures in reducing the incidence of SSI, especially as the committee noted an increased use of this suture in clinical practice. Research in this area can help improve patient outcomes.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appjtab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appjtab1" rid-ob="figobch4appjtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appj.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appjtab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">
|
|
<i>Population:</i>
|
|
People of any age undergoing any surgery, including minimally invasive surgery (arthroscopic, thoracoscopic and laparoscopic surgery)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appj.s2"><h4>2. Which patient groups, contamination groups and which layers gain the most benefit from the use of triclosan-coated or triclosan-impregnated sutures?</h4><p>Low to high quality evidence from up to 11 RCTs, showed that the use of triclosan-coated sutures for wound closure reduces the number of people who experience SSIs and the number of people who require post-operative antimicrobials in comparison to the use of standard sutures. However very low to moderate quality evidence from up to 5 RCTs, could not differentiate mortality, length of stay or the number of people who experience superficial SSI, deep SSI or dehiscence between the use of triclosan-coated sutures or standard sutures for wound closure. Triclosan-coated or impregnated sutures are also more expensive than standard sutures. Further research is therefore needed using a robust study design to explore the clinical and cost effectiveness of triclosan-coated sutures in reducing the incidence of SSI. Research in this area is essential to inform future updates of key recommendations in this guidance which in turn can help improve patient outcomes.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appjtab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appjtab2" rid-ob="figobch4appjtab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appj.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appjtab2">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">
|
|
<i>Population:</i>
|
|
People of any age undergoing any surgery, including minimally invasive surgery (arthroscopic, thoracoscopic and laparoscopic surgery)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appj.s3"><h4>3. Which closure method or technique is the most effective for reducing surgical site infections in patients undergoing emergency surgery?</h4><p>Of the 33 RCTs investigated, only 2 studies included patients undergoing emergency surgery. The committee noted a general lack of evidence of surgical closure methods within emergency surgery as it is often difficult to recruit this group of patients for research. Further research is therefore needed using a robust study design to explore the clinical and cost effectiveness of different closure methods in reducing the incidence of SSI in patients undergoing emergency surgery. Further research in this area can help improve services and therefore improve patient outcomes.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4appjtab3"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4appjtab3" rid-ob="figobch4appjtab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.appj.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appjtab3">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">
|
|
<i>Population:</i>
|
|
People of any age undergoing emergency surgery</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appk"><h3>Appendix K. References</h3><div id="ch4.appk.rl.r1"><h4>Included Studies</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref1">Baracs
|
|
Jozsef, Huszar
|
|
Orsolya, Sajjadi
|
|
Shahram Ghotb, and Horvath
|
|
O Peter (2011) Surgical site infections after abdominal closure in colorectal surgery using triclosan-coated absorbable suture (PDS Plus) vs. uncoated sutures (PDS II): a randomized multicenter study. Surgical infections
|
|
12(6), 12–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22142314" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22142314</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha
|
|
Suzanne L, Rochon
|
|
Meredith L, Quinones
|
|
Joanne N, Coassolo
|
|
Kara M, Rust
|
|
Orion A, and Smulian
|
|
John C (2010) Randomized controlled trial of wound complication rates of subcuticular suture vs staples for skin closure at cesarean delivery. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
|
|
203(3), 285.e1–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20816153" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20816153</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref3">Bloemen
|
|
A, van Dooren, P, Huizinga
|
|
B F, and Hoofwijk
|
|
A G. M (2011) Randomized clinical trial comparing polypropylene or polydioxanone for midline abdominal wall closure. The British journal of surgery
|
|
98(5), 98–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21254041" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21254041</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref4">Buresch
|
|
Arin M, Van Arsdale, Anne, Ferzli
|
|
Myriam, Sahasrabudhe
|
|
Nicole, Sun
|
|
Mengyang, Bernstein
|
|
Jeffrey, Bernstein
|
|
Peter S, Ngai
|
|
Ivan M, and Garry
|
|
David J (2017) Comparison of Subcuticular Suture Type for Skin Closure After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstetrics and gynecology
|
|
130(3), 130–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28796687" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28796687</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref5">Buttaro
|
|
M A, Quinteros
|
|
M, Martorell
|
|
G, Zanotti
|
|
G, Comba
|
|
F, and Piccaluga
|
|
F (2015) Skin staples versus intradermal wound closure following primary hip arthroplasty: A prospective, randomised trial including 231 cases. HIP International
|
|
25(6), 25–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26165360" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26165360</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref6">Cameron
|
|
AE, Parker
|
|
CJ, Field
|
|
ES, Gray
|
|
RC, and Wyatt
|
|
AP (1987) A randomised comparison of polydioxanone (PDS) and polypropylene (Prolene) for abdominal wound closure.. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|
|
69(3), 69–3 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2498486/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2498486</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3111339" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3111339</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref7">Chen
|
|
S Y, Chen
|
|
T M, Dai
|
|
N T, Fu
|
|
J P, Chang
|
|
S C, Deng
|
|
S C, and Chen
|
|
S G (2011) Do antibacterial-coated sutures reduce wound infection in head and neck cancer reconstruction?. European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology
|
|
37(4), 37–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21296544" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21296544</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener Markus
|
|
K, Knebel
|
|
Phillip, Kieser
|
|
Meinhard, Schuler
|
|
Philipp, Schiergens Tobias
|
|
S, Atanassov
|
|
Vladimir, Neudecker
|
|
Jens, Stein
|
|
Erwin, Thielemann
|
|
Henryk, Kunz
|
|
Reiner, von Frankenberg, Moritz, Schernikau
|
|
Utz, Bunse
|
|
Jorg, Jansen-Winkeln
|
|
Boris, Partecke
|
|
Lars I, Prechtl
|
|
Gerald, Pochhammer
|
|
Julius, Bouchard
|
|
Ralf, Hodina
|
|
Rene, Beckurts
|
|
K
|
|
Tobias
|
|
E, Leisner
|
|
Lothar, Lemmens
|
|
Hans-Peter, Kallinowski
|
|
Friedrich, Thomusch
|
|
Oliver, Seehofer
|
|
Daniel, Simon
|
|
Thomas, Hyhlik-Durr
|
|
Alexander, Seiler
|
|
Christoph M, Hackert
|
|
Thilo, Reissfelder
|
|
Christoph, Hennig
|
|
Rene, Doerr-Harim
|
|
Colette, Klose
|
|
Christina, Ulrich
|
|
Alexis, and Buchler
|
|
Markus W (2014) Effectiveness of triclosan-coated PDS Plus versus uncoated PDS II sutures for prevention of surgical site infection after abdominal wall closure: the randomised controlled PROUD trial. Lancet (London, and England)
|
|
384(9938), 384–9938 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24718270" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24718270</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref9">Figueroa
|
|
Dana, Jauk
|
|
Victoria Chapman, Szychowski
|
|
Jeff M, Garner
|
|
Rachel, Biggio
|
|
Joseph R, Andrews
|
|
William W, Hauth
|
|
John, and Tita
|
|
Alan T. N (2013) Surgical staples compared with subcuticular suture for skin closure after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and gynecology
|
|
121(1), 121–1 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3875219/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3875219</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23262925" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23262925</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref10">Galal
|
|
Ibrahim, and El-Hindawy
|
|
Khaled (2011) Impact of using triclosan-antibacterial sutures on incidence of surgical site infection. American journal of surgery
|
|
202(2), 202–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21600552" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21600552</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref11">Gililland
|
|
J M, Anderson
|
|
L A, Barney
|
|
J K, Ross
|
|
H L, Pelt
|
|
C E, and Peters
|
|
C L (2014) Barbed versus standard sutures for closure in total knee arthroplasty: A multicenter prospective randomized trial. Journal of Arthroplasty
|
|
29(9 SUPPL.), 135–138 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24973931" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24973931</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref12">Gislason
|
|
H, Gronbech
|
|
JE, and Soreide
|
|
O (1995) Burst abdomen and incisional hernia after major gastrointestinal operations--comparison of three closure techniques.. The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica
|
|
161(5), 161–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7662780" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7662780</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref13">Ichida
|
|
K, Noda
|
|
H, Kikugawa
|
|
R, Hasegawa
|
|
F, Obitsu
|
|
T, Ishioka
|
|
D, Fukuda
|
|
R, Yoshizawa
|
|
A, Tsujinaka
|
|
S, and Rikiyama
|
|
T (2018) Effect of triclosan-coated sutures on the incidence of surgical site infection after abdominal wall closure in gastroenterological surgery: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in a single center. Surgery (united states) (no pagination), [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29402448" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29402448</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref14">Imamura
|
|
Kazuhiro, Adachi
|
|
Kensuke, Sasaki
|
|
Ritsuko, Monma
|
|
Satoko, Shioiri
|
|
Sadaaki, Seyama
|
|
Yasuji, Miura
|
|
Masaru, Morikawa
|
|
Yoshihiko, and Kaneko
|
|
Tetsuji (2016) Randomized Comparison of Subcuticular Sutures Versus Staples for Skin Closure After Open Abdominal Surgery: a Multicenter Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
|
|
20(12), 20–12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27699563" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27699563</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref15">Isik
|
|
Isil, Selimen
|
|
Deniz, Senay
|
|
Sahin, and Alhan
|
|
Cem (2012) Efficiency of antibacterial suture material in cardiac surgery: a double-blind randomized prospective study. The heart surgery forum
|
|
15(1), E40–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22360905" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22360905</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref16">Justinger
|
|
Christoph, Slotta
|
|
Jan Erik, Ningel
|
|
Sebastian, Graber
|
|
Stefan, Kollmar
|
|
Otto, and Schilling
|
|
Martin Karl (2013) Surgical-site infection after abdominal wall closure with triclosan-impregnated polydioxanone sutures: results of a randomized clinical pathway facilitated trial (NCT00998907). Surgery
|
|
154(3), 154–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23859304" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23859304</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref17">Kobayashi
|
|
S, Ito
|
|
M, Yamamoto
|
|
S, Kinugasa
|
|
Y, Kotake
|
|
M, Saida
|
|
Y, Kobatake
|
|
T, Yamanaka
|
|
T, Saito
|
|
N, and Moriya
|
|
Y (2015) Randomized clinical trial of skin closure by subcuticular suture or skin stapling after elective colorectal cancer surgery. British journal of surgery
|
|
102(5), 102–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25727933" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25727933</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref18">Leaper
|
|
DJ, and Benson
|
|
CE (1985) Subcuticular skin closure after inguinal surgery. A controlled trial of polypropylene or polydioxanone.. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
|
|
30(4), 30–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3932648" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3932648</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref19">Mackeen
|
|
A Dhanya, Khalifeh
|
|
Adeeb, Fleisher
|
|
Jonah, Vogell
|
|
Alison, Han
|
|
Christina, Sendecki
|
|
Jocelyn, Pettker
|
|
Christian, Leiby
|
|
Benjamin E, Baxter
|
|
Jason K, Sfakianaki
|
|
Anna, Berghella
|
|
Vincenzo, and Consortium
|
|
Cross (2014) Suture compared with staple skin closure after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and gynecology
|
|
123(6), 123–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24807325" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24807325</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref20">Maehara
|
|
Yoshihiko, Shirabe
|
|
Ken, Kohnoe
|
|
Shunji, Emi
|
|
Yasunori, Oki
|
|
Eiji, Kakeji
|
|
Yoshihiro, Baba
|
|
Hideo, Ikeda
|
|
Masataka, Kobayashi
|
|
Michiya, Takayama
|
|
Tadatoshi, Natsugoe
|
|
Shoji, Haraguchi
|
|
Masashi, Yoshida
|
|
Kazuhiro, Terashima
|
|
Masanori, Sasako
|
|
Mitsuru, Yamaue
|
|
Hiroki, Kokudo
|
|
Norihiro, Uesaka
|
|
Katsuhiko, Uemoto
|
|
Shinji, Kosuge
|
|
Tomoo, Sawa
|
|
Yoshiki, Shimada
|
|
Mitsuo, Doki
|
|
Yuichiro, Yamamoto
|
|
Masakazu, Taketomi
|
|
Akinobu, Takeuchi
|
|
Masahiro, Akazawa
|
|
Kouhei, Yamanaka
|
|
Takeharu, and Shimokawa
|
|
Mototsugu (2017) Impact of intra-abdominal absorbable sutures on surgical site infection in gastrointestinal and hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery: results of a multicenter, randomized, prospective, phase II clinical trial. Surgery today
|
|
47(9), 47–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28233105" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28233105</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli
|
|
Ilaria, Rebora
|
|
Paola, Doglietto
|
|
Gianbattista, Dionigi
|
|
Paolo, Dominioni
|
|
Lorenzo, Luperto
|
|
Margherita, La Porta, Angela, Garancini
|
|
Mattia, Nespoli
|
|
Luca, Alfieri
|
|
Sergio, Menghi
|
|
Roberta, Dominioni
|
|
Tommaso, Cobianchi
|
|
Lorenzo, Rotolo
|
|
Nicola, Soldini
|
|
Gabriele, Valsecchi
|
|
Maria Grazia, Chiarelli
|
|
Marco, Nespoli
|
|
Angelo, and Gianotti
|
|
Luca (2015) Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Triclosan-Coated Sutures on Surgical Site Infection after Colorectal Surgery. Surgical infections
|
|
16(3), 16–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25811951" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25811951</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref22">Nakamura
|
|
Toru, Kashimura
|
|
Nobuichi, Noji
|
|
Takehiro, Suzuki
|
|
On, Ambo
|
|
Yoshiyasu, Nakamura
|
|
Fumitaka, and Kishida
|
|
Akihiro (2013) Triclosan-coated sutures reduce the incidence of wound infections and the costs after colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Surgery
|
|
153(4), 153–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23261025" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23261025</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref23">Orr
|
|
JW
|
|
Jr, Montz
|
|
FJ, Barter
|
|
J, Schaitzberg
|
|
SD, Delmore
|
|
JE, Dodson
|
|
MK, Gallup
|
|
D, Yeh
|
|
KA, and Elias
|
|
EG (2003) Continuous abdominal fascial closure: a randomized controlled trial of poly(L-lactide/glycolide).. Gynecologic oncology
|
|
90(2), 90–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12893197" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12893197</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref24">Pandey
|
|
Sharad, Singh
|
|
Mohinder, Singh
|
|
Kuldip, and Sandhu
|
|
Sartaj (2013) A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Non-absorbable Polypropylene (Prolene) and Delayed Absorbable Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) Suture Material in Mass Closure of Vertical Laparotomy Wounds. The Indian journal of surgery
|
|
75(4), 75–4 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3726815/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3726815</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24426459" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24426459</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko
|
|
M, Paalanne
|
|
N, Tapiainen
|
|
T, Hinkkainen
|
|
M, Pokka
|
|
T, Kinnula
|
|
S, Sinikumpu
|
|
J-J, Uhari
|
|
M, and Serlo
|
|
W (2017) Triclosan-containing sutures versus ordinary sutures for reducing surgical site infections in children: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet infectious diseases (no pagination), [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27658562" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27658562</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref26">Rubin
|
|
J Peter, Hunstad
|
|
Joseph P, Polynice
|
|
Alain, Gusenoff
|
|
Jeffrey A, Schoeller
|
|
Thomas, Dunn
|
|
Raymond, Walgenbach
|
|
Klaus J, and Hansen
|
|
Juliana E (2014) A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing absorbable barbed sutures versus conventional absorbable sutures for dermal closure in open surgical procedures. Aesthetic surgery journal
|
|
34(2), 34–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24421408" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24421408</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref27">Seiler
|
|
Christoph M, Bruckner
|
|
Thomas, Diener
|
|
Markus K, Papyan
|
|
Armine, Golcher
|
|
Henriette, Seidlmayer
|
|
Christoph, Franck
|
|
Annette, Kieser
|
|
Meinhard, Buchler
|
|
Markus W, and Knaebel
|
|
Hanns-Peter (2009) Interrupted or continuous slowly absorbable sutures for closure of primary elective midline abdominal incisions: a multicenter randomized trial (INSECT: ISRCTN24023541). Annals of surgery
|
|
249(4), 249–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19300233" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19300233</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref28">Seim
|
|
Bjorn Edvard, Tonnessen
|
|
Theis, and Woldbaek
|
|
Per Reidar (2012) Triclosan-coated sutures do not reduce leg wound infections after coronary artery bypass grafting. Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery
|
|
15(3), 15–3 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3422962/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3422962</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22691378" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22691378</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref29">Steingrimsson
|
|
S, Thimour-Bergstrom
|
|
L, Roman-Emanuel
|
|
C, Schersten
|
|
H, Friberg
|
|
O, Gudbjartsson
|
|
T, and Jeppsson
|
|
A (2015) Triclosan-coated sutures and sternal wound infections: a prospective randomized clinical trial. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|
|
34(12), 34–12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26432552" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26432552</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref30">Talpur
|
|
Altaf Ahmed, Awan
|
|
Mohammad Sharif, and Surhio
|
|
Abdul Rasheed (2011) Closure of elective abdominal incisions with monofilament, non-absorbable suture material versus polyfilament absorbable suture material. Journal of Ayub Medical College, and Abbottabad : JAMC
|
|
23(2), 23–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24800342" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24800342</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref31">Tanaka
|
|
Akira, Sadahiro
|
|
Sotaro, Suzuki
|
|
Toshiyuki, Okada
|
|
Kazutake, and Saito
|
|
Gota (2014) Randomized controlled trial comparing subcuticular absorbable suture with conventional interrupted suture for wound closure at elective operation of colon cancer. Surgery
|
|
155(3), 155–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24439741" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24439741</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref32">Thimour-Bergstrom
|
|
Linda, Roman-Emanuel
|
|
Christine, Schersten
|
|
Henrik, Friberg
|
|
Orjan, Gudbjartsson
|
|
Tomas, and Jeppsson
|
|
Anders (2013) Triclosan-coated sutures reduce surgical site infection after open vein harvesting in coronary artery bypass grafting patients: a randomized controlled trial. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery
|
|
44(5), 44–5 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3794438/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3794438</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23435526" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23435526</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref33">Tsujinaka
|
|
Toshimasa, Yamamoto
|
|
Kazuyoshi, Fujita
|
|
Junya, Endo
|
|
Shunji, Kawada
|
|
Junji, Nakahira
|
|
Shin, Shimokawa
|
|
Toshio, Kobayashi
|
|
Shogo, Yamasaki
|
|
Makoto, Akamaru
|
|
Yusuke, Miyamoto
|
|
Atsushi, Mizushima
|
|
Tsunekazu, Shimizu
|
|
Junzo, Umeshita
|
|
Koji, Ito
|
|
Toshinori, Doki
|
|
Yuichiro, Mori
|
|
Masaki, Clinical Study Group of Osaka University on Section of Risk, and Management (2013) Subcuticular sutures versus staples for skin closure after open gastrointestinal surgery: a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, and England)
|
|
382(9898), 382–9898 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24075050" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24075050</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref34">Turtiainen
|
|
Johanna, Saimanen
|
|
Eija I. T, Makinen
|
|
Kimmo T, Nykanen
|
|
Antti I, Venermo
|
|
Maarit A, Uurto
|
|
Ilkka T, and Hakala
|
|
Tapio (2012) Effect of triclosan-coated sutures on the incidence of surgical wound infection after lower limb revascularization surgery: a randomized controlled trial. World journal of surgery
|
|
36(10), 36–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22618956" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22618956</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.appk.rl.r2"><h4>Excluded Studies</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref35">Acar
|
|
Ahmet Huseyin, Kazancioglu
|
|
Hakki Oguz, Erdem
|
|
Necip Fazil, and Asutay
|
|
Fatih (2017) Is Horizontal Mattress Suturing More Effective Than Simple Interrupted Suturing on Postoperative Complications and Primary Wound Healing After Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery?. The Journal of craniofacial surgery
|
|
28(7), e657–e661 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28857982" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28857982</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref36">Agarwal
|
|
Akhilesh, Hossain
|
|
Zahid, Agarwal
|
|
Anshu, Das
|
|
Amitabha, Chakraborty
|
|
Saurav, Mitra
|
|
Nilanjan, Gupta
|
|
Madhumita, and Ray
|
|
Udipta (2011) Reinforced tension line suture closure after midline laparotomy in emergency surgery. Tropical doctor
|
|
41(4), 41–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21831931" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21831931</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref37">Agrawal
|
|
Vivek, Sharma
|
|
Naveen, Joshi
|
|
Mohit Kumar, and Minocha
|
|
V R (2009) Role of suture material and technique of closure in wound outcome following laparotomy for peritonitis. Tropical gastroenterology : official journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation
|
|
30(4), 30–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20426290" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20426290</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref38">Agrawal
|
|
Chandra, Tiwari
|
|
Pamit, Mishra
|
|
Sangeeta, Rao
|
|
Arpit, Hadke
|
|
Niladhar, Adhikari
|
|
Shailesh, and Srivastava
|
|
Anurag (2014) Interrupted Abdominal Closure Prevents Burst: Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Interrupted-X and Conventional Continuous Closures in Surgical and Gynecological Patients. Indian Journal of Surgery
|
|
76(4), 76–4 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4175669/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4175669</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25278649" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25278649</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref39">Amin
|
|
Mohamed, Glynn
|
|
Fergal, and Timon
|
|
Conrad A (2008) Randomized Trial Tissue Adhesive/Staples in Thyroidectomy. Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery
|
|
139(2), P44–P44</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref40">Anderson
|
|
ER, and Gates
|
|
S (2004) Techniques and materials for closure of the abdominal wall in caesarean section.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (4), CD004663 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9036625/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9036625</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15495122" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15495122</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref41">Annamalai, Kampan N, Shafiee
|
|
Mn, Che
|
|
Man Z, Azurah
|
|
N, Azlin
|
|
N, Yee
|
|
Lc, and Shan
|
|
Lp (2015) Comparing efficacy of octyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive glue versus polyglactin 910 sized 3/0 suture for closure of caesarean section skin incision. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research. 41, 73–74</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref42">Ansari
|
|
M S. H, Fareed
|
|
N, and Asim
|
|
I (2016) Comparison of use of polypropylene with polydioxanon E for closure of midline abdominal incisions. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
|
|
10(3), 10–3</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref43">Anuar
|
|
Ramdhan, I M, Zulmi
|
|
W, Hidayah
|
|
A N, Kamel
|
|
M J. M, Fadhil
|
|
M S. M, Anwar Hau, and M (2013) Comparative study between coaptive film versus suture for wound closure after long bone fracture fixation. Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal
|
|
7(1), 7–1 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4341050/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4341050</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25722808" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25722808</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref44">Apisarnthanarak
|
|
Anucha, Singh
|
|
Nalini, Bandong
|
|
Aila Nica, and Madriaga
|
|
Gilbert (2015) Triclosan-coated sutures reduce the risk of surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection control and hospital epidemiology
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|
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K, Hongnaparak
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T, and Tangtrakulwanich
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B (2016) A randomised controlled trial comparing skin closure in total knee arthroplasty in the same knee: nylon sutures versus skin staples. Bone & joint research
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5(5), 5–5 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4921055/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4921055</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27190132" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27190132</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref223">Zabd-Ur-Rehman
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A R, Naveed
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M, Javeed
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M U, and Akbar
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A (2013) Comparison of wound dehiscence in interrupted with continuous closure of laparotomy. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
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7(3), 7–3</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref224">Zaid
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Tarrik M, Herring
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Whitney P, and Meeks
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G Rodney (2010) A randomized trial of secondary closure of superficial wound dehiscence by surgical tape or suture. Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery
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16(4), 16–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22453351" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22453351</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref225">Zaki
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Mary N, Wing
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Deborah A, and McNulty
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Jennifer A (2018) Comparison of staples vs subcuticular suture in class III obese women undergoing cesarean: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
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218(4), 451.e1–451.e8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29474843" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29474843</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref226">Zhang
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Wei, Xue
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Deting, Yin
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Houfa, Xie
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Hui, Ma
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Honghai, Chen
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Erman, Hu
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Dongcai, and Pan
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Zhijun (2016) Barbed versus traditional sutures for wound closure in knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific reports
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6, 19764 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4726393/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4726393</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26805714" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26805714</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.appk.ref227">Zhuang
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C-P, Cai
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G-Y, and Wang
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Y-Q (2009) Comparison of two absorbable sutures in abdominal wall incision. Journal of clinical rehabilitative tissue engineering research
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13(21), 13–21</div></p></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Guideline version (FINAL)</p></div><div><p>These evidence reviews were developed by NICE Guideline Updates Team</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK569837</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33905192" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">33905192</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab1"><div id="ch4.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO table: Which closure methods are clinically effective in the prevention of a surgical site infection?</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People of any age undergoing any surgery, including minimally invasive surgery (arthroscopic, thoracoscopic and laparoscopic surgery)</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Closure of the skin and closure of internal layers using the following materials:</p>
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<p>Suture materials:
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<ul id="ch4.l1"><li id="ch4.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>Traditional sutures including coated polyglactin sutures</div></li><li id="ch4.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated and impregnated sutures (including triclosan coated sutures)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures (including polydioxanone and polyglyconate monofilament)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures, including polypropylene and polyamide monofilament</div></li></ul>
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Non-suture materials:
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<ul id="ch4.l2"><li id="ch4.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Staples</div></li><li id="ch4.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tissue adhesives (including butylcyanoacrylate and octylcyanoarcylate)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adhesive tapes</div></li></ul>
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Closure of the skin and internal layers using the following techniques:
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<ul id="ch4.l3"><li id="ch4.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continuous suturing (including subcuticular suturing, running closure, running lock suturing and purse string suturing)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Interrupted suturing (including simple sutures, vertical mattress and horizontal mattress)</div></li></ul></p></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For skin closure and closure of the internal layers:
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<ul id="ch4.l4"><li id="ch4.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated and impregnated sutures compared to traditional sutures</div></li><li id="ch4.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures versus traditional sutures</div></li><li id="ch4.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>Staples compared with sutures</div></li><li id="ch4.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tissues adhesives compared with adhesive tapes</div></li></ul>
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Comparison of suture techniques:
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<ul id="ch4.l5"><li id="ch4.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Running closure compared with running lock suturing</div></li><li id="ch4.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Simple sutures compared with vertical mattress</div></li><li id="ch4.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continuous technique compared with interrupted technique.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Surgical site infection (including SSIs up to 30 days and 1 year) defined using appropriate criteria such as CDC SSI criteria.</p>
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<p>Wound dehiscence (superficial/partial dehiscence and complete wound dehiscence)</p>
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<p>Mortality post-surgery</p>
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<p>Length of hospital stay</p>
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<p>Postoperative antibiotic use</p>
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<p>Hospital readmission</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab2"><div id="ch4.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary table of included studies: Materials</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Short Title</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Title</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study details</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Interventions</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparator</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcome measure(s)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref1" rid="ch4.appk.ref1">Baracs (2011)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical site infections after abdominal closure in colorectal surgery using triclosan-coated absorbable suture (PDS Plus) vs. uncoated sutures (PDS II): a randomized multicenter study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l8"><li id="ch4.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Hungary</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Multicentre study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>December 2009 - November 2010</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l9"><li id="ch4.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Running looped triclosan-coated PDS Plus (polydioxanone) suture</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l10"><li id="ch4.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Running looped PDS (polydioxanone) suture</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l11"><li id="ch4.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha (2010)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized controlled trial of wound complication rates of subcuticular suture vs staples for skin closure at cesarean delivery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l12"><li id="ch4.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>USA</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Community hospital</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>March 2008 - May 2009</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>2–4 weeks</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l13"><li id="ch4.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-suture material: Staples</div><div><i>Stainless steel staples</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l14"><li id="ch4.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Subcuticular 4–0 Monocryl sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l15"><li id="ch4.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch4.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital readmission</div></li><li id="ch4.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative antibiotic use</div></li><li id="ch4.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref3" rid="ch4.appk.ref3">Bloemen (2011)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized clinical trial comparing polypropylene or polydioxanone for midline abdominal wall closure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l16"><li id="ch4.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Netherlands</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Single centre study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>October 2001 - January 2005</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<ul id="ch4.l17"><li id="ch4.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Slowly absorbable monofilament polydioxanone sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l18"><li id="ch4.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Non-absorbable polypropylene (Prolene) sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l19"><li id="ch4.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref4" rid="ch4.appk.ref4">Buresch (2017)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of Subcuticular Suture Type for Skin Closure After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l20"><li id="ch4.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>USA</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Single centre study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>May 2015 - August 2016</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<ul id="ch4.l21"><li id="ch4.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Subcuticular using slow absorbing sutures (Poliglecaprone 25)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<ul id="ch4.l22"><li id="ch4.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Subcuticular closure using fast absorbing sutures (Polyglactin 910)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l23"><li id="ch4.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref5" rid="ch4.appk.ref5">Buttaro (2015)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Skin staples versus intradermal wound closure following primary hip arthroplasty: A prospective, randomised trial including 231 cases</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<ul id="ch4.l24"><li id="ch4.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Argentina</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt67" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Single centre study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>September 2011 - May 2012</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>45 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>None reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l25"><li id="ch4.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-suture material: Staples</div><div><i>Skin staples (Leukosan SkinStapler PTW-35). Vicryl 0 used for deep fascia and deep subcutaneous fat tissue. Subcuticular used to close superficial soft tissues</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l26"><li id="ch4.lt72" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Non-absorbable sutures</div><div class="half_rhythm"><i>Polypropelene suture (Prolene, Ethicon) intradermal sutures Vicryl 0 used for deep fascia and deep subcutaneous fat tissue</i>.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l27"><li id="ch4.lt73" class="half_rhythm"><div>Deep SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt74" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref6" rid="ch4.appk.ref6">Cameron (1987)</a>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A randomised comparison of polydioxanone (PDS) and polypropylene (Prolene) for abdominal wound closure.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l28"><li id="ch4.lt75" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>UK study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt76" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Kings College Hospital</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt77" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>10 month period.</i></div><div><i>Dates not reported</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt78" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>Early follow up: Up to 1 month</i></div><div><i>Late follow up: Minimum 12 months (mean 14.7 months)</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt79" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l29"><li id="ch4.lt80" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Polydioxanone 1</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l30"><li id="ch4.lt81" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Polypropylene 1</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l31"><li id="ch4.lt82" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt83" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref7" rid="ch4.appk.ref7">Chen 2011</a>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Do antibacterial-coated sutures reduce wound infection in head and neck cancer reconstruction?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l32"><li id="ch4.lt84" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Study location</div><div class="half_rhythm">Taipei, Taiwan</div></li><li id="ch4.lt85" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Study setting</div><div class="half_rhythm">Medical Centre</div></li><li id="ch4.lt86" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Study dates</div><div class="half_rhythm">January 2007 to December 2009</div></li><li id="ch4.lt87" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Duration of follow-up</div><div class="half_rhythm">Not specified</div></li><li id="ch4.lt88" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Sources of funding</div><div class="half_rhythm">Civilian Administration Division of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l33"><li id="ch4.lt89" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antimicrobial coated/impregnated sutures 3–0 Triclosan-coated polyglactin 190 sutures (Vicryl PLus, 70 cm; Ethicon)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l34"><li id="ch4.lt90" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures 3–0 polyglactin 190 sutures (Vicryl, 70 cm; Ethicon0.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l35"><li id="ch4.lt91" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">SSI</div><div class="half_rhythm">Infection of the neck wound was defined as local erythematous change in the sutured wound with purulent discharge, cervical wound dehiscence, or neck skin necrosis.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt92" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener (2014)</a>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effectiveness of triclosan-coated PDS Plus versus uncoated PDS II sutures for prevention of surgical site infection after abdominal wall closure: the randomised controlled PROUD trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l36"><li id="ch4.lt93" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Germany</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt94" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Multicentre study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt95" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>April 2010 - October 2012</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt96" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt97" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Johnson & Johnson Medical Limited</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l37"><li id="ch4.lt98" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Abdominal wall closure using triclosan-coated polydioxanone sutures (PDS Plus)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l38"><li id="ch4.lt99" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Abdominal wall closure using standard polydioxanone sutures (PDS II)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l39"><li id="ch4.lt100" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt101" class="half_rhythm"><div>Deep SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt102" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality post surgery</div></li><li id="ch4.lt103" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch4.lt104" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref9" rid="ch4.appk.ref9">Figueroa (2013)</a>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical staples compared with subcuticular suture for skin closure after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l40"><li id="ch4.lt105" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>USA</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt106" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>University Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt107" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>August 2009 - November 2010</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt108" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>3–4 days 4–6 weeks</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt109" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>NIH Women’s Reproductive Health Research</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l41"><li id="ch4.lt110" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-suture material: Staples</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l42"><li id="ch4.lt111" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>4–0 Monocryl</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l43"><li id="ch4.lt112" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>Purulent drainage, cellulitis, abscess or wound requiring drainage, debridement and antibiotics associated with a clinical diagnosis of infection</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt113" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div><div><i>Subcutaneo us or fascial dehiscence</i></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref10" rid="ch4.appk.ref10">Galal (2011)</a>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Impact of using triclosan-antibacterial sutures on incidence of surgical site infection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l44"><li id="ch4.lt114" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Egypt</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt115" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Cairo University Hospital</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt116" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt117" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>Most surgery: 30 days (weekly)</i></div><div><i>Prosthetic surgery: 1 year (monthly)</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt118" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l45"><li id="ch4.lt119" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Triclosan-coated polyglactin 910</i> antibacterial <i>suture (Vicryl Plus)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l46"><li id="ch4.lt120" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Polyglactin 910 suture (Vicryl)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l47"><li id="ch4.lt121" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt122" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref13" rid="ch4.appk.ref13">Ichida (2018)</a>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effect of triclosan-coated sutures on the incidence of surgical site infection after abdominal wall closure in gastroenterologic al surgery: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in a single center</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l48"><li id="ch4.lt123" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Japan</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt124" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>De partment of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt125" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>March 2014 - March 2017</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt126" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt127" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l49"><li id="ch4.lt128" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Abdominal fascia and peritoneum closure: Interrupted polyglactin 910</i> antibacterial <i>sutures coated with tri-closan (Vicryl Plus) Skin closure: Interrupted subcutaneous sutures using poly-dioxanone</i> antibacterial <i>sutures coated with triclosan (PDS Plus)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l50"><li id="ch4.lt129" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Abdominal fascia and peritoneum closure: Interrupted uncoated polyglactin 910</i> antibacterial <i>sutures (Vicryl Skin closure: Interrupted subcutaneous sutures using poly-dioxanone sutures (PDS II)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l51"><li id="ch4.lt130" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt131" class="half_rhythm"><div>Deep SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref14" rid="ch4.appk.ref14">Imamura (2016)</a>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized Comparison of Subcuticular Sutures Versus Staples for Skin Closure After Open Abdominal Surgery: a Multicenter Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l52"><li id="ch4.lt132" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Japan</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt133" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Three Tokyo Metropolitan institutions in Japan</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt134" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>September 2010 - August 2015</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt135" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt136" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Tokyo Metropolitan Government</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l53"><li id="ch4.lt137" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Interrupted subcuticular sutures with 4–0 monofilament</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l54"><li id="ch4.lt138" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-suture material: Staples</div><div><i>Metallic skin staples at 10–15 mm intervals</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l55"><li id="ch4.lt139" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>Purulent discharge; microorganisms isolated from an aseptically obtained culture of fluid or tissue from the superficial incision; and at least one of the following symptoms of infection: pain or tenderness, localized swelling, redness or heat, and a superficial incision deliberately opened by the surgeon provided the incision was not culture negative</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt140" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref15" rid="ch4.appk.ref15">Isik (2012)</a>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficiency of antibacterial suture material in cardiac surgery: a double-blind randomized prospective study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l56"><li id="ch4.lt141" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Turkey</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt142" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Private hospital, Istanbul</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt143" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>April 2008 - September 2009</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt144" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days (every 10 days)</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt145" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l57"><li id="ch4.lt146" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Polyglactin 910 triclosan-coated suture</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l58"><li id="ch4.lt147" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Polyglactin 910 traditional suture</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l59"><li id="ch4.lt148" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>Including subgroup: diabetes</i></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref16" rid="ch4.appk.ref16">Justinger (2013)</a>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical-site infection after abdominal wall closure with triclosan-impregnated polydioxanone sutures: results of a randomized clinical pathway facilitated trial (<a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00998907" title="Study NCT00998907" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00998907</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l60"><li id="ch4.lt149" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Germany</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt150" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Single centre</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt151" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>September 2009 - September 2011</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt152" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>2 weeks</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt153" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Johnson&Johnson, Summerville, NJ</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l61"><li id="ch4.lt154" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Fascia closed with atriclosan impregnated 2–0 polydioxanone loop (PDS Plus, 150 cm)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l62"><li id="ch4.lt155" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Fascia closed with 2–0 polydioxanone loop (PDS II, 150 cm)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l63"><li id="ch4.lt156" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref17" rid="ch4.appk.ref17">Kobayashi (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized clinical trial of skin closure by subcuticular suture or skin stapling after elective colorectal cancer surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l64"><li id="ch4.lt157" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Japan</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt158" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Multicentre study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt159" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>August 2012 - April 2012</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt160" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt161" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l65"><li id="ch4.lt162" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-suture material: Staples</div><div><i>Skin staples with the dermis attached at intervals of 10–15 mm</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l66"><li id="ch4.lt163" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Dermal layers attached using 4/0 or 5/0 absorbable monofilament sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l67"><li id="ch4.lt164" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt165" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch4.lt166" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref18" rid="ch4.appk.ref18">Leaper (1985)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdominal wound closure: a controlled trial of polyamide (nylon) and polydioxanone suture (PDS).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l68"><li id="ch4.lt167" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>UK</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt168" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Two centres</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt169" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>10 months.</i></div><div><i>Dates not reported</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt170" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>6 months</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt171" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l69"><li id="ch4.lt172" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Polydioxanone absorbable suture (PDS)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l70"><li id="ch4.lt173" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures</div><div><i>No 1 (BPC) polyamide (Nylon) sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l71"><li id="ch4.lt174" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt175" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref19" rid="ch4.appk.ref19">Mackeen (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suture compared with staple skin closure after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l72"><li id="ch4.lt176" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>USA</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt177" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Multicentre study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt178" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>2010 - 2012</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt179" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>6 weeks</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt180" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l73"><li id="ch4.lt181" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-suture material: Staples</div><div><i>Closure of skin with stainless steel staples</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l74"><li id="ch4.lt182" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Skin closure with subcuticular continuous 4–0 sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l75"><li id="ch4.lt183" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt184" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch4.lt185" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital readmission</div></li><li id="ch4.lt186" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref20" rid="ch4.appk.ref20">Maehara (2017)</a>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Impact of intra-abdominal absorbable sutures on surgical site infection in gastrointestinal and hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery: results of a multicenter, randomized, prospective, phase II clinical trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l76"><li id="ch4.lt187" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Japan</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt188" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Multicentre study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt189" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>February 2009 - June 2010</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt190" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt191" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Japan Surgical Society Clinical Investigation Progect Award Health Labour Science Research Grant</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l77"><li id="ch4.lt192" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Polyglactin 910 or polydioxanone sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l78"><li id="ch4.lt193" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Silk sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l79"><li id="ch4.lt194" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt195" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt196" class="half_rhythm"><div>Deep SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt197" class="half_rhythm"><div>Organ/space SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt198" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref21" rid="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Triclosan-Coated Sutures on Surgical Site Infection after Colorectal Surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l80"><li id="ch4.lt199" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Italy</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt200" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Four university hospitals</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt201" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>January 2010 - March 2013</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt202" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt203" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>None reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l81"><li id="ch4.lt204" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Peritoneum: triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 (0 Vicryl Plus) Skin: triclosan-coated polydiaxanone (PDS Plus)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l82"><li id="ch4.lt205" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Peritoneum: Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) Skin: polydiaxanone (PDS II)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l83"><li id="ch4.lt206" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>Infection occurring within 30 days and involving only skin or subcutaneous tissue. Purulent drainage, pain or tenderness, localised swelling, redness or heat</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt207" class="half_rhythm"><div>Deep SSI</div><div><i>Occurring within 30 days and involving deep soft tissues (fascial and muscle layers). Purulent drainage from the incision but not from organ/space, spontaneous dehiscence or deliberate incision by surgeon when fever is present, localised pain or tenderness</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt208" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref22" rid="ch4.appk.ref22">Nakamura (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triclosan-coated sutures reduce the incidence of wound infections and the costs after colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l84"><li id="ch4.lt209" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Japan</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt210" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Single centre study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt211" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt212" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l85"><li id="ch4.lt213" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Wound closed with Triclosan-caoted polyglactin 910 sutures (Vicryl Plus). Skin closure with staples</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l86"><li id="ch4.lt214" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Would closure with Polyglactin 910 sutures (Vicryl). Skin closure with staples</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l87"><li id="ch4.lt215" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria up to 30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt216" class="half_rhythm"><div>Organ/space SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt217" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref23" rid="ch4.appk.ref23">Orr (2003)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Continuous abdominal fascial closure: a randomized controlled trial of poly(L-lactide/glycolide).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l88"><li id="ch4.lt218" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>USA</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt219" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Multi-centre study</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt220" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>June 1999 - June 2000</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt221" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>6 months</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt222" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Ethicon, Inc</i>.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l89"><li id="ch4.lt223" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>No 1 poly (L-lactide/glycolide) using running mass technique</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l90"><li id="ch4.lt224" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures</div><div><i>No 1 permanent monofilament suture (Prolene) using running mass technique</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l91"><li id="ch4.lt225" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>Definition not provided</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt226" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref24" rid="ch4.appk.ref24">Pandey (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Non-absorbable Polypropylene (Prolene) and Delayed Absorbable Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) Suture Material in Mass Closure of Vertical Laparotomy Wounds</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l92"><li id="ch4.lt227" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>India</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt228" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt229" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>September 2009 - August 2011</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt230" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>90 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt231" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l93"><li id="ch4.lt232" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Mass closure using polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l94"><li id="ch4.lt233" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Mass closure using polypropylene (prolene) sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l95"><li id="ch4.lt234" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Renko (2016)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triclosan-containing sutures versus ordinary sutures for reducing surgical site infections in children: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l96"><li id="ch4.lt235" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Finland</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt236" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Oulu University Hospital</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt237" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>September 2010 - December 2014</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt238" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt239" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>The Alma and K A Snellman Foundation</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l97"><li id="ch4.lt240" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Triclosan sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l98"><li id="ch4.lt241" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Standard absorbable sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l99"><li id="ch4.lt242" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt243" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt244" class="half_rhythm"><div>Deep SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt245" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref27" rid="ch4.appk.ref27">Seiler (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted or continuous slowly absorbable sutures for closure of primary elective midline abdominal incisions: a multicenter randomized trial (INSECT: ISRCTN24023541)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l100"><li id="ch4.lt246" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Germany</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt247" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Multi-centre trial</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt248" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>July 2004 - September 2006</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt249" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>1 year</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt250" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>BBD-Aesculap, GmbH Johnson & Johnson Covidien Healthcare Deutschland GmbH</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l101"><li id="ch4.lt251" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continuous suturing technique</div><div><i>Fascial closure using slowly absorbable monofilament materials. 2 groups: 1 - with longitudinal elasticity (Monoplus USP 1) 2 - no longitudinal elasticity (PDS II USP 1) No subcutaneous suture or drainage inserted. Skin closed with staples</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l102"><li id="ch4.lt252" class="half_rhythm"><div>Interrupted suturing technique</div><div><i>Fascial closure using absorbable braided material (Vicryl USP 2) No subcutaneous suture or drainage inserted. Skin closed with staples</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l103"><li id="ch4.lt253" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>Redness, wound dehiscence with secretion of putrid fluid or requiring antibiotic treatment or surgical intervention</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt254" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div><div><i>Fascial dehiscence after completed superficial wound healing with or without a prolapse of abdominal organs</i></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref28" rid="ch4.appk.ref28">Seim (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triclosan-coated sutures do not reduce leg wound infections after coronary artery bypass grafting</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l104"><li id="ch4.lt255" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Norway</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt256" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Oslo University Hospital</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt257" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>September 2009 - September 2011</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt258" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>4 weeks</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt259" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l105"><li id="ch4.lt260" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Triclosan-cated Vicryl Plus suture</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l106"><li id="ch4.lt261" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Conventional Vicryl suture</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l107"><li id="ch4.lt262" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref29" rid="ch4.appk.ref29">Steingrimsson (2015)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triclosan-coated sutures and sternal wound infections: a prospective randomized clinical trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l108"><li id="ch4.lt263" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Sweden</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt264" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>University Hospital</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt265" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>March 2009 - February 2012</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt266" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>60 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt267" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Vastra Gothaland Healthcare Region Ethicon, Inc</i>.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l109"><li id="ch4.lt268" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Fascia & subcutaneous tissue closed with 2–0 Vicryl Plus Intracutaneously closed with 4–0 Monocryl Plus</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l110"><li id="ch4.lt269" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Fascia & subcutaneous tissue closed with 2–0 Vicryl Intracutaneou sly closed with 4–0 Monocryl</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l111"><li id="ch4.lt270" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria within 60 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt271" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria within 60 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt272" class="half_rhythm"><div>Deep SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria within 60 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt273" class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative antibiotic use</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref30" rid="ch4.appk.ref30">Talpur (2011)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Closure of elective abdominal incisions with monofilament, non-absorbable suture material versus polyfilament absorbable suture material</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l112"><li id="ch4.lt274" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Pakistan</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt275" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Multi-centre</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt276" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>January 2005 - October 2009</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt277" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>6 months</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt278" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l113"><li id="ch4.lt279" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Abdominal wall closed with polyfilament absorbable co-polymer of polyglycolide with Polyactide (Vicryl) No 1</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l114"><li id="ch4.lt280" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Abdominal wall closed with monofilament non-absorbable polypropylene (Prolene) suture No 1</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l115"><li id="ch4.lt281" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt282" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref31" rid="ch4.appk.ref31">Tanaka (2014)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized controlled trial comparing subcuticular absorbable suture with conventional interrupted suture for wound closure at elective operation of colon cancer</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l116"><li id="ch4.lt283" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Japan</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt284" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Tokai University Hospital</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt285" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>November 2007 - November 2011</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt286" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt287" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l117"><li id="ch4.lt288" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Interrupted subcuticular absorbable 4–0 polydiaxonne suture</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l118"><li id="ch4.lt289" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Interrupted transdermal 3–0 nylon suture</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l119"><li id="ch4.lt290" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>CDC definition</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt291" class="half_rhythm"><div>Organ/space SSI</div><div><i>CDC definition</i></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref32" rid="ch4.appk.ref32">Thimour-Bergstrom (2013)</a>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triclosan-coated sutures reduce surgical site infection after open vein harvesting in coronary artery bypass grafting patients: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l120"><li id="ch4.lt292" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Sweden</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt293" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Sahlgrenska University Hospital</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt294" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>March 2009 - February 2012</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt295" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days, 60 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt296" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Västra Götaland Healthcare Region Ethicon, Inc</i>.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l121"><li id="ch4.lt297" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Subcutaneous layer closed with 3.0 monofilament polyglactin suture coated with triclosan (Vicryl Plus®) Intracutaneous layer closed with 4.0 triclosan-coated monofilament polyglecaprone suture (Monocryl Plus®)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l122"><li id="ch4.lt298" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Subcutaneous layer closed with 3.0 monofilament polyglactin suture (Vicryl) Intracutaneous layer closed with 4.0 monofilament polyglecaprone suture (Monocryl)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<ul id="ch4.l123"><li id="ch4.lt299" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt300" class="half_rhythm"><div>Deep SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria affecting fascia or muscle layers</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt301" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div><div><i>Non-infectious leg-wound dehiscence</i></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref33" rid="ch4.appk.ref33">Tsujinaka (2013)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subcuticular sutures versus staples for skin closure after open gastrointestinal surgery: a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l124"><li id="ch4.lt302" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Japan</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt303" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>24 centres</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt304" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>June 2009 - February 2012</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt305" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt306" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Johnson & Johnson</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l125"><li id="ch4.lt307" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-suture material: Staples</div><div><i>Metallic skin staples 10–15 mm apart</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l126"><li id="ch4.lt308" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Interrupted subcuticular sutures with 3–0 or 4–0 mono filament absorbable suture (polydioxanone)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l127"><li id="ch4.lt309" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>Within 30 days. CDC criteria</i>.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt310" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref34" rid="ch4.appk.ref34">Turtiainen (2012)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effect of triclosan-coated sutures on the incidence of surgical wound infection after lower limb revascularization surgery: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l128"><li id="ch4.lt311" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Finland</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt312" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Multicentre</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt313" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt314" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>Minimum 30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt315" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l129"><li id="ch4.lt316" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated/impregnated sutures</div><div><i>Subcutaneous sutures: 2–0 Vicryl Plus Continuous intracutaneous sutures: 3–0 Monocryl Plus</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l130"><li id="ch4.lt317" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures</div><div><i>Subcutaneous sutures: 2–0 Vicryl Continuous intracutaneous sutures: 3–0 Monocryl</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l131"><li id="ch4.lt318" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt319" class="half_rhythm"><div>Superficial SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt320" class="half_rhythm"><div>Deep SSI</div><div><i>CDC criteria</i></div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab3"><div id="ch4.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Summary table of included studies: Techniques of wound closure</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Short Title</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Title</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study details</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Interventions</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparator</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcome measure(s)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref11" rid="ch4.appk.ref11">Gililland (2014)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barbed versus standard sutures for closure in total knee arthroplasty: A multicenter prospective randomized trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l132"><li id="ch4.lt321" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>USA</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt322" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt323" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt324" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>2 weeks and 6 weeks</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt325" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l133"><li id="ch4.lt326" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Barbed sutures</div><div class="half_rhythm"><i>Two-layer closure using barbed suture with a running, knotless technique. Arthrotomy closure using running knotless #2 Quill SRS PDO and subdermal closure using running knotless 0 Quill SRS Monoderm. Both using running baseball stitch</i>.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l134"><li id="ch4.lt327" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Knotted sutures</div><div class="half_rhythm"><i>Standard interrupted, knotted suture technique. Arthrotomy closure using interrupted #1 Ethibond in figure of eight fashion. Subdermal closure using 2–0 Monocryl in interrupted buried fashion</i>.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l135"><li id="ch4.lt328" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>at 2 and 6 weeks</i></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref155" rid="ch4.appk.ref155">Niggebrugge (1999)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Influence of abdominal-wound closure technique on complications after surgery: a randomised study.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l136"><li id="ch4.lt329" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Netherlands</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt330" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>Community Hospital Leyenburg</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt331" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>January 1994 - January 1997</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt332" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>30 days</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt333" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l137"><li id="ch4.lt334" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continuous double-loop closure</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l138"><li id="ch4.lt335" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continuous suturing technique</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l139"><li id="ch4.lt336" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt337" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality post surgery</div></li><li id="ch4.lt338" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch4.lt339" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref26" rid="ch4.appk.ref26">Rubin (2014)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing absorbable barbed sutures versus conventional absorbable sutures for dermal closure in open surgical procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l140"><li id="ch4.lt340" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>USA and Europe</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt341" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>9 institutions across the United States and Europe</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt342" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>August 2009 - January 2010</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt343" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>12 weeks</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt344" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Covidien</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l141"><li id="ch4.lt345" class="half_rhythm"><div>Barbed sutures</div><div><i>Closure of deep dermal layer wiht interrupted 3–0 Monocryl sutures (optional) Intra-dermal layer closed with running subcuticular barbed sutures (either fast- or slow-absorbing)</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l142"><li id="ch4.lt346" class="half_rhythm"><div>Interrupted suturing technique</div><div><i>Closure of deep dermal layer with interrupted 3–0 Monocryl sutures no further than 2 cm apart Closure of intradermal layer with running 3–0 Moncryl sutures</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l143"><li id="ch4.lt347" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div></li><li id="ch4.lt348" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab4"><div id="ch4.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Summary table of included studies: Materials and techniques for wound closure</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Short Title</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Title</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study details</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Interventions</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparator</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcome measure(s)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref12" rid="ch4.appk.ref12">Gislason (1995)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Burst abdomen and incisional hernia after major gastrointestinal operations--comparison of three closure techniques.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l144"><li id="ch4.lt349" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study location</div><div><i>Norway</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt350" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study setting</div><div><i>University hospital</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt351" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study dates</div><div><i>December 1990 - February 1992</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt352" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of follow-up</div><div><i>1 year</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt353" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sources of funding</div><div><i>Not reported</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l145"><li id="ch4.lt354" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continuous suturing technique</div><div><i>Continuous mass polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) sutures. In layers for transverse incisions. Mass closure for midline incisions</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l146"><li id="ch4.lt355" class="half_rhythm"><div>Interrupted suturing technique</div><div><i>Interrupted mass polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) sutures. In layers for transverse incisions. Mass closure for midline incisions</i></div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l147"><li id="ch4.lt356" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSI</div><div><i>Inflammation of the wound with inflammation or discharge or both. Confirmed by standard signs (fever, raised white cell count, Creactive protein concentration) and the presence of a pathogen on culture of wound fluid</i></div></li><li id="ch4.lt357" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence</div><div><i>Either ascitic fluid or abdominal viscera escaping from the wound</i></div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab5"><div id="ch4.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Monocryl plus antibacterial (Poliglecaprone 25) sutures and Monocryl absorbable monofilament (taken from NHS Supply Chain August 2018)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Description</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Brand</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Unit of issue</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Units</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Band 1 price</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Price each</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MCP218H 70cm poliglacaprone plus antibacterial suture violet 4–0 SH-1 22mm 1/2 circle taperpoint plus</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Monocryl Plus</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Pack</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">127.91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£3.55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">MCP220H 70cm poliglecaprone plus antibacterial absorbable suture violet 2–0 SH-1 22mm 1/2 circle taperpoint plus</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Monocryl Plus</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Pack</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">121.82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£3.38</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">W3660 70cm poliglecapronel absorbable monofilament violet 4/0 22mm 1/2 circle taper point plus needle</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Monocryl</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Pack</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">32.17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£2.68</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">W3662 70cm poliglecaprone absorbable monofilament violet 2/0 22mm 1/2 circle taper point plus needle</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Monocryl</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Box</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">31.6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£2.63</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab6"><div id="ch4.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Vycryl and Vycryl Plus absorbable sutures (taken from NHS Supply Chain August 2018)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Description</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Brand</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Unit of issue</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Units</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Band 1 price</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Price each</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">VCP231H 70cm polyglactin plus antibacterial absorbable coated braided undyed 4/0 22mm 1/2 circle tapercut needle</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Vicryl Plus</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Box</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">165.97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£4.61</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">V231H 70cm polyglactin absorbable coated braided undyed 4/0 22mm 1/2 circle tapercut needle</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Vicryl</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Box</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">182.69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£5.07</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab1"><div id="ch4.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Criteria for using systematic reviews as a source of data</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Use of systematic review</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fully applicable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data from the published systematic review were used instead of undertaking a new literature search or data analysis. Searches were only done to cover the period of time since the search date of the review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data from the published systematic review were used instead of undertaking a new literature search and data analysis for the relevant subsection of the protocol. For this section, searches were only done to cover the period of time since the search date of the review. For other sections not covered by the systematic review, searches were undertaken as normal.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fully applicable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Details of included studies were used instead of undertaking a new literature search. Full-text papers of included studies were still retrieved for the purposes of data analysis. Searches were only done to cover the period of time since the search date of the review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Details of included studies were used instead of undertaking a new literature search for the relevant subsection of the protocol. For this section, searches were only done to cover the period of time since the search date of the review. For other sections not covered by the systematic review, searches were undertaken as normal.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab2"><div id="ch4.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Rationale for downgrading quality of evidence for intervention studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">GRADE criteria</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reasons for downgrading quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Not serious: If less than 33.3% of the weight in a meta-analysis came from studies at moderate or high risk of bias, the overall outcome was not downgraded.</p>
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<p>Serious: If greater than 33.3% of the weight in a meta-analysis came from studies at moderate or high risk of bias, the outcome was downgraded one level.</p>
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<p>Very serious: If greater than 33.3% of the weight in a meta-analysis came from studies at high risk of bias, the outcome was downgraded two levels.</p>
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<p>Outcomes meeting the criteria for downgrading above were not downgraded if there was evidence the effect size was not meaningfully different between studies at high and low risk of bias.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Not serious: If less than 33.3% of the weight in a meta-analysis came from partially indirect or indirect studies, the overall outcome was not downgraded.</p>
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<p>Serious: If greater than 33.3% of the weight in a meta-analysis came from partially indirect or indirect studies, the outcome was downgraded one level.</p>
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<p>Very serious: If greater than 33.3% of the weight in a meta-analysis came from indirect studies, the outcome was downgraded two levels.</p>
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<p>Outcomes meeting the criteria for downgrading above were not downgraded if there was evidence the effect size was not meaningfully different between direct and indirect studies.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Concerns about inconsistency of effects across studies, occurring when there is unexplained variability in the treatment effect demonstrated across studies (heterogeneity), after appropriate pre-specified subgroup analyses have been conducted. This was assessed using the I<sup>2</sup> statistic.</p>
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<p>N/A: Inconsistency was marked as not applicable if data on the outcome was only available from one study.</p>
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<p>Not serious: If the I<sup>2</sup> was less than 33.3%, the outcome was not downgraded.</p>
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<p>Serious: If the I<sup>2</sup> was between 33.3% and 66.7%, the outcome was downgraded one level.</p>
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<p>Very serious: If the I<sup>2</sup> was greater than 66.7%, the outcome was downgraded two levels.</p>
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<p>Outcomes meeting the criteria for downgrading above were not downgraded if there was evidence the effect size was not meaningfully different between studies with the smallest and largest effect sizes.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>If an MID other than the line of no effect was defined for the outcome, the outcome was downgraded once if the 95% confidence interval for the effect size crossed one line of the MID, and twice if it crosses both lines of the MID.</p>
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<p>If the line of no effect was defined as an MID for the outcome, it was downgraded once if the 95% confidence interval for the effect size crossed the line of no effect (i.e. the outcome was not statistically significant), and twice if the sample size of the study was sufficiently small that it is not plausible any realistic effect size could have been detected.</p>
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<p>Outcomes meeting the criteria for downgrading above were not downgraded if the confidence interval was sufficiently narrow that the upper and lower bounds would correspond to clinically equivalent scenarios.</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab3"><div id="ch4.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Applicability criteria</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Level</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Explanation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Directly applicable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The study meets all applicability criteria, or fails to meet one or more applicability criteria but this is unlikely to change the conclusions about cost effectiveness</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The study fails to meet one or more applicability criteria, and this could change the conclusions about cost effectiveness</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The study fails to meet one or more applicability criteria, and this is likely to change the conclusions about cost effectiveness. These studies are excluded from further consideration</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab4"><div id="ch4.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Methodological criteria</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Level</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Explanation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meets all quality criteria, or fails to meet one or more quality criteria but this is unlikely to change the conclusions about cost effectiveness</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fails to meet one or more quality criteria and this could change the conclusions about cost effectiveness</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fails to meet one or more quality criteria and this is highly likely to change the conclusions about cost effectiveness. Such studies should usually be excluded from further consideration</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appctab1"><div id="ch4.appc.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appc.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appc.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Databases</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Date searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Version/files</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cochranelibrary/search/quick" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Issue 6 of 12, June 2018</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cochranelibrary/search/quick" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Issue 6 of 12, June 2018</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cochranelibrary/search/quick" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect (DARE)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Issue 2 of 4, April 2015</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HTA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Issue 4 of 4, October 2016</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="http://ovidsp.uk.ovid.com/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Embase (Ovid)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 to 2018 June 28</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="http://ovidsp.uk.ovid.com/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MEDLINE (Ovid)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 to Present with Daily Update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="http://ovidsp.uk.ovid.com/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MEDLINE In-Process (Ovid)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">June 28, 2018</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="http://ovidsp.uk.ovid.com/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print</a>
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<sup>a</sup>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">June 28, 2018</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CINAHL Plus with full text (EBSCO)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MHRA – Drug Safety Alerts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appctab2"><div id="ch4.appc.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appc.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appc.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Databases</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Date searched</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="http://ovidsp.uk.ovid.com/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Embase (Ovid)</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="http://ovidsp.uk.ovid.com/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MEDLINE (Ovid)</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="http://ovidsp.uk.ovid.com/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MEDLINE In-Process (Ovid)</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="http://ovidsp.uk.ovid.com/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">EconLit (Ovid)</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cochranelibrary/search/quick" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) (legacy database)</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cochranelibrary/search/quick" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Health Technology Assessment (HTA Database)</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CINAHL Plus with Fulltext (EBSCO)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appc.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29/06/2018</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appdfig1"><div id="ch4.appd.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appdf1&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appdf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appdf1.jpg" alt="Image ch4appdf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig1"><div id="ch4.appf.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff1&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff1.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig2"><div id="ch4.appf.fig2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff2&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff2.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig3"><div id="ch4.appf.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff3&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff3.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig4"><div id="ch4.appf.fig4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff4&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff4.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff4" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig5"><div id="ch4.appf.fig5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff5&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff5.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff5" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig6"><div id="ch4.appf.fig6" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff6&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff6.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff6" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig7"><div id="ch4.appf.fig7" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff7&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff7.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff7" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig8"><div id="ch4.appf.fig8" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff8&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff8.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff8" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig9"><div id="ch4.appf.fig9" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff9&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff9.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff9" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig10"><div id="ch4.appf.fig10" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff10&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff10.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff10" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig11"><div id="ch4.appf.fig11" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff11&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff11.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff11" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig12"><div id="ch4.appf.fig12" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff12&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff12.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff12" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig13"><div id="ch4.appf.fig13" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff13&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff13.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff13" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig14"><div id="ch4.appf.fig14" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff14&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff14.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff14" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig15"><div id="ch4.appf.fig15" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff15&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff15.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff15" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig16"><div id="ch4.appf.fig16" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff16&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff16.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff16" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig17"><div id="ch4.appf.fig17" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff17&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff17.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff17" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig18"><div id="ch4.appf.fig18" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff18&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff18.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff18" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig19"><div id="ch4.appf.fig19" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff19&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff19.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff19" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appffig20"><div id="ch4.appf.fig20" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appff20&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4appff20.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4appff20.jpg" alt="Image ch4appff20" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab1"><div id="ch4.appg.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>11</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref1" rid="ch4.appk.ref1">Baracs 2011</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref10" rid="ch4.appk.ref10">Galal 2011</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref13" rid="ch4.appk.ref13">Ichida 2018</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref15" rid="ch4.appk.ref15">Isik 2012</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref16" rid="ch4.appk.ref16">Justinger 2013</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref21" rid="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli 2015</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref22" rid="ch4.appk.ref22">Nakamura 2013</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref25" rid="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko 2017</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref28" rid="ch4.appk.ref28">Seim 2012</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref34" rid="ch4.appk.ref34">Turtianen 2012</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7648</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.80 (0.70, 0.93)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 per 100 (7, 9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>4</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref13" rid="ch4.appk.ref13">Ichida 2018</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref21" rid="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli 2015</a>
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|
</p>
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|
<p>
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref25" rid="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4170</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.01 (0.69, 1.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100 (2, 8)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (deep) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4</p>
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|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref13" rid="ch4.appk.ref13">Ichida 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
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|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref21" rid="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli 2015</a>
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|
</p>
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|
<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref25" rid="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko 2017</a>
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|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4170</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.37, 1.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100 (0, 3)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (organ/space) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<p>1</p>
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|
<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref22" rid="ch4.appk.ref22">Nakamura 2013</a>
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|
</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">410</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.24 (0.34, 4.54)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (1, 9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2</p>
|
|
<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
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|
<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref25" rid="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2857</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.79 (0.61, 1.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100 (3, 7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of Stay (MD<0 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref21" rid="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref22" rid="ch4.appk.ref22">Nakamura 2013</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref34" rid="ch4.appk.ref34">Turtianen 2012</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2210</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.23 (−0.38, 0.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref34" rid="ch4.appk.ref34">Turtianen 2012</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1500</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.74 (0.24, 2.29)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100 (1, 15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Post-operative antimicrobial use (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref25" rid="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko 2017</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1633</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.31 (0.18, 0.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (1, 4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">I<sup>2</sup> between 33.3%-66.7%. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab1_4"><p class="no_margin">Non-significant result. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab1_5"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab1_6"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab1_7"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab2"><div id="ch4.appg.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Cardiac (sternal) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref15" rid="ch4.appk.ref15">Isik 2012</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">510</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.22, 2.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (1, 7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Lower limb (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>3</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref15" rid="ch4.appk.ref15">Isik 2012</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref28" rid="ch4.appk.ref28">Seim 2012</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref34" rid="ch4.appk.ref34">Turtianen 2012</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1,001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.99 (0.70, 1.40)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 per 100 (11, 23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Abdominal (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>4</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref1" rid="ch4.appk.ref1">Baracs 2011</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref13" rid="ch4.appk.ref13">Ichida 2018</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref16" rid="ch4.appk.ref16">Justinger 2013</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3488</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.88 (0.73, 1.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 100 (8, 12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Multiple procedures (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref10" rid="ch4.appk.ref10">Galal 2011</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">450</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.49 (0.28, 0.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 100 (4, 13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Paediatrics (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref25" rid="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko 2017</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1633</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.48 (0.28, 0.80)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100 (2,4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Colorectal (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref21" rid="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref22" rid="ch4.appk.ref22">Nakamura 2013</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">710</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.77 (0.30, 1.95)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 per 100 (3, 19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial): Abdominal (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref13" rid="ch4.appk.ref13">Ichida 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2247</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.02 (0.75, 1.39)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 100 (5, 9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial): Colorectal (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref21" rid="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">300</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.01 (0.84, 4.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 100 (4, 24)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial): Paediatric (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref25" rid="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1633</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.61 (0.34, 1.10)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (1, 4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (deep): Abdominal (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref13" rid="ch4.appk.ref13">Ichida 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2247</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.95 (0.60, 1.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100 (2, 5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (deep): Colorectal (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref21" rid="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">300</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.50 (0.16, 1.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100 (1, 9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (deep): Paediatric (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref25" rid="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko 2017</a>
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|
</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1633</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.21 (0.06, 0.74)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 100 (0, 1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (organ/space): Colorectal (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref22" rid="ch4.appk.ref22">Nakamura 2013</a>
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|
</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">410</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.24 (0.34, 4.54)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (1, 9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Abdominal (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1224</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.83 (0.61, 1.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 per 100 (8, 15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Paediatric (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref25" rid="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1633</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.72 (0.46, 1.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100 (3, 7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of Stay: Abdominal (MD<0 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1224</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.50 (−0.28, 1.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of Stay: Colorectal (MD<0 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref21" rid="ch4.appk.ref21">Mattavelli 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref22" rid="ch4.appk.ref22">Nakamura 2013</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">710</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD −0.82 (2.29, 0.65)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of Stay: Lower limb arterial (MD<0 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref34" rid="ch4.appk.ref34">Turtianen 2012</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">276</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.30 (−1.00, 1.60)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality: Abdominal (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref8" rid="ch4.appk.ref8">Diener 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1224</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.46 (0.21, 1.00)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (1, 3)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality: Lower limb arterial (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1</p>
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|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref34" rid="ch4.appk.ref34">Turtianen 2012</a>
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|
</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">276</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.48 (0.43, 5.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100 (1, 15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Post-operative antimicrobial use: Paediatric (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref25" rid="ch4.appk.ref25">Renko 2017</a>
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</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1633</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.31 (0.18, 0.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (1, 4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">I<sup>2</sup> between 33.3%-66.7%. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab2_4"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab2_5"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab2_6"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab2_7"><p class="no_margin">Non-significant result. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab3"><div id="ch4.appg.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref29" rid="ch4.appk.ref29">Steingrimmson 2015</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref32" rid="ch4.appk.ref32">Thimour-Bergstrom 2013</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">749</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.83 (0.46, 1.50)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 per 100 (7, 24)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref29" rid="ch4.appk.ref29">Steingrimmson 2015</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">357</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.24 (0.67, 2.32)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 per 100 (6, 21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (deep) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref29" rid="ch4.appk.ref29">Steingrimmson 2015</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">357</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.75 (0.17, 3.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (0, 7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Deshiscence (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref32" rid="ch4.appk.ref32">Thimour-Bergstrom 2013</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">392</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.80 (0.37, 1.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 100 (3, 15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">I<sup>2</sup> between 33.3%-66.7%. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab4"><div id="ch4.appg.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Cardiac (sternal) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref29" rid="ch4.appk.ref29">Steingrimmson 2015</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">392</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.14 (0.65, 2.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 per 100 (7, 23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Cardiac (lower limb) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref32" rid="ch4.appk.ref32">Thimour-Bergstrom 2013</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">374</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.63 (0.39, 1.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 per 100 (8, 20)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial): Cardiac (sternal) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref29" rid="ch4.appk.ref29">Steingrimmson 2015</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">357</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.24 (0.67, 2.32)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 per 100 (6, 21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (deep): Cardiac (sternal) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>Steingrimmson</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">357</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.75 (0.17, 3.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (0, 7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Cardiac (lower limb) (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref32" rid="ch4.appk.ref32">Thimour-Bergstrom 2013</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">392</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.80 (0.37, 1.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 100 (3, 15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab5"><div id="ch4.appg.tab5" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (RR<1 favours triclosan coated sutures) – Head and Neck surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref7" rid="ch4.appk.ref7">Chen 2011</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">241</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.03 (0.56, 1.88)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 per 100 (8, 28)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of Stay: Colorectal (MD<0 favours triclosan coated sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref7" rid="ch4.appk.ref7">Chen 2011</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">241</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.24 (0.67, 2.32)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgrade 1 level for serious risk of bias due to unclear allocation concealment and blinding of outcome assessment.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgrade 1 level for serious indirectness as study did not specify follow up period, CDC SSI defintion was not utilised and focused on Taiwanese population.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab5_4"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab5_5"><p class="no_margin">Non-significant result. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab6"><div id="ch4.appg.tab6" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (RR<1 favours staples)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref9" rid="ch4.appk.ref9">Figueroa 2013</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">398</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.34 (0.01, 8.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 100 (0, 4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial) (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>3</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref14" rid="ch4.appk.ref14">Imamura 2016</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref17" rid="ch4.appk.ref17">Kobayashi 2015</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref33" rid="ch4.appk.ref33">Tsujinaka 2013</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2745</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.10 (0.86, 1.40)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 per 100 (7, 12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (deep) (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref5" rid="ch4.appk.ref5">Buttaro 2015</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">219</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.35 (0.01, 8.60)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 100 (0, 7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious <sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>3</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha 2010</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref9" rid="ch4.appk.ref9">Figueroa 2013</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref33" rid="ch4.appk.ref33">Tsujinaka 2013</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1908</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.28 (2.41, 7.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 per 100 (3, 11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of Stay (MD<0 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha 2010</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">430</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.10 (−0.01, 0.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hospital Readmission (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha 2010</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">430</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.56 (0.14, 2.19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (0, 6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Post-operative antimicrobial use (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha 2010</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">430</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.39 (0.56, 3.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 per 100 (2, 13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab6_4"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab6_5"><p class="no_margin">Non-significant result. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab6_6"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab7"><div id="ch4.appg.tab7" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Caesarean (RR<1 favours staples)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref9" rid="ch4.appk.ref9">Figueroa 2013</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">398</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.34 (0.01, 8.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 100 (0, 4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial): Abdominal laparotomy (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref14" rid="ch4.appk.ref14">Imamura 2016</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">401</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.06 (0.64, 1.77)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 per 100 (8, 22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial): Colorectal (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref17" rid="ch4.appk.ref17">Kobayashi 2015</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1264</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.13 (0.79, 1.60)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 100 (7, 14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial): Gastrointestinal (not laparotomy) (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref33" rid="ch4.appk.ref33">Tsjuinaka 2013</a>
|
|
</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1080</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.09 (0.69, 1.70)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 100 (4, 11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (deep): Hip arthroplasty (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<p>1</p>
|
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref5" rid="ch4.appk.ref5">Buttaro 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">219</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.35 (0.01, 8.60)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 100 (0, 7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Caesarean (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha 2010</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref9" rid="ch4.appk.ref9">Figueroa 2013</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">828</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.66 (2.46, 8.85)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 per 100 (6, 23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Gastrointestinal (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref33" rid="ch4.appk.ref33">Tsujinaka 2013</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1080</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.89 (0.77, 10.85)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (0, 6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of Stay: Caesarean (MD<0 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha 2010</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">430</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.10 (−0.01, 0.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hospital Readmission: Caesarean (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha 2010</a>
|
|
</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">430</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.56 (0.14, 2.19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (0, 6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Post-operative antimicrobial use: Caesarean (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref2" rid="ch4.appk.ref2">Basha 2010</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">430</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.39 (0.56, 3.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 per 100 (2, 13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab7_3"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab7_4"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab7_5"><p class="no_margin">I<sup>2</sup> between 33.3%-66.7%. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab7_6"><p class="no_margin">Non-significant result. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab7_7"><p class="no_margin">2. 95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab7_8"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab8"><div id="ch4.appg.tab8" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Caesarean (RR<1 favours staples)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref9" rid="ch4.appk.ref9">Figueroa 2013</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref19" rid="ch4.appk.ref19">Mackeen 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1144</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.19 (0.61, 2.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100 (2, 6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Caesarean (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref9" rid="ch4.appk.ref9">Figueroa 2013</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref19" rid="ch4.appk.ref19">Mackeen 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1144</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.32 (2.33, 8.00)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 per 100 (5, 17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hospital Readmission: Caesarean (RR<1 favours staples)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref19" rid="ch4.appk.ref19">Mackeen 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">746</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.48 (0.25, 8.78)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100 (0, 5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">I<sup>2</sup> between 33.3%-66.7%. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab9"><div id="ch4.appg.tab9" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>3</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref3" rid="ch4.appk.ref3">Bloemen 2011</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref6" rid="ch4.appk.ref6">Cameron 1987</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref20" rid="ch4.appk.ref20">Maehara 2017</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.04 (0.63, 1.72)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 per 100 (9, 23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial) (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref31" rid="ch4.appk.ref31">Tanaka 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">293</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.00 (0.52, 1.92)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 per 100 (6, 21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (organ/space) (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref31" rid="ch4.appk.ref31">Tanaka 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">293</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.76 (0.39, 1.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 per 100 (5, 18)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref6" rid="ch4.appk.ref6">Cameron 1987</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">301</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.11 (0.01, 0.85)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100 (0, 5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of Stay (MD<0 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref20" rid="ch4.appk.ref20">Maehara 2017</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1174</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.63 (−4.23, 5.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">I<sup>2</sup> between 33.3%-66.7%. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab9_3"><p class="no_margin">Non-significant result. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab9_4"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab9_5"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab9_6"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab10"><div id="ch4.appg.tab10" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Laparotomy (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref3" rid="ch4.appk.ref3">Bloemen 2011</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref6" rid="ch4.appk.ref6">Cameron 1987</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">822</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.83 (0.39, 1.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 per 100 (4, 17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Gastrointestinal (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref20" rid="ch4.appk.ref20">Maehara 2017</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1174</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.34 (1.05, 1.71)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 per 100 (17, 27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial): Colectomy (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref31" rid="ch4.appk.ref31">Tanaka 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">293</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.00 (0.52, 1.92)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 per 100 (6, 21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (organ/space): Colectomy (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref31" rid="ch4.appk.ref31">Tanaka 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">293</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.76 (0.39, 1.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 per 100 (5, 18)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Laparotomy (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref6" rid="ch4.appk.ref6">Cameron 1987</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">301</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.11 (0.01, 0.85)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100 (0, 5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of Stay: Gastrointestinal (MD<0 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref20" rid="ch4.appk.ref20">Maehara 2017</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1174</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.63 (−4.23, 5.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">I<sup>2</sup> between 33.3%-66.7%. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab10_4"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab10_5"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab10_6"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab10_7"><p class="no_margin">Non-significant result. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab11"><div id="ch4.appg.tab11" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Abdominal (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref18" rid="ch4.appk.ref18">Leaper 1985</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref23" rid="ch4.appk.ref23">Orr 2003</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">436</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.60 (0.87, 2.92)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 per 100 (7, 23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial): Abdominal (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref30" rid="ch4.appk.ref30">Talpur 2011</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">274</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.14 (0.45, 2.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 100 (3, 17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Abdominal (RR<1 favours absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>3</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref23" rid="ch4.appk.ref23">Orr 2003</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref24" rid="ch4.appk.ref24">Pandey 2013</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref30" rid="ch4.appk.ref30">Talpur 2011</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">688</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.95 (0.23, 3.90)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 per 100 (1, 22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">2. 95% confidence interval crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab11_5"><p class="no_margin">I<sup>2</sup> >66.7%. Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab11_6"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab12"><div id="ch4.appg.tab12" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Caesarean (RR<1 favours slow-absorbable sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref4" rid="ch4.appk.ref4">Buresch 2017</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">550</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.63 (0.34, 1.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 per 100 (3, 11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (superficial):Caesarean</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref4" rid="ch4.appk.ref4">Buresch 2017</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">550</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.76 (0.29, 2.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100 (1, 7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (deep) (RR<1 favours slow-absorbable sutures): Caesarean</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref4" rid="ch4.appk.ref4">Buresch 2017</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">550</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.59 (0.22, 1.59)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (1, 6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (organ/space) (RR<1 favours slow-absorbable sutures): Caesarean</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref4" rid="ch4.appk.ref4">Buresch 2017</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">550</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.49 (0.12, 1.93)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100 (0, 5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence (RR<1 favours slow-absorbable sutures): Caesarean</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref4" rid="ch4.appk.ref4">Buresch 2017</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">550</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.53 (0.21, 1.30)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100 (1, 7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab12_4"><p class="no_margin">3. >33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab13"><div id="ch4.appg.tab13" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control *</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Gastrointestinal (RR<1 favours slow-absorbable sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref12" rid="ch4.appk.ref12">Gislason 1995</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">599</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.64 (0.93, 2.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 per 100 (10, 30)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Not</p>
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<p>Serious</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Gastrointestinal (RR<1 favours slow-absorbable sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref12" rid="ch4.appk.ref12">Gislason 1995</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">599</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.63 (0.71, 9.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100 (1, 15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab13_3"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab13_4"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab13_5"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab14"><div id="ch4.appg.tab14" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Knee arthroplasty (RR<1 favours barbed sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1</p>
|
|
<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref11" rid="ch4.appk.ref11">Gilliland 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">411</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.61 (0.18, 2.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (1, 7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab14_4"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab15"><div id="ch4.appg.tab15" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI (RR<1 favours barbed sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref11" rid="ch4.appk.ref11">Gilliland 2014</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref26" rid="ch4.appk.ref26">Rubin 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">640</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.64 (0.64, 4.17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100 (1, 9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence (RR<1 favours barbed sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref26" rid="ch4.appk.ref26">Rubin 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">229</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.00 (0.18, 21.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (0, 19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab15_3"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab15_4"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab16"><div id="ch4.appg.tab16" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Knee arthroplasty (RR<1 favours barbed sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref11" rid="ch4.appk.ref11">Gilliland 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">411</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.49 (0.48, 4.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 100 (1, 11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Breast surgery (RR<1 favours barbed sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref26" rid="ch4.appk.ref26">Rubin 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">229</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.00 (0.37, 10.71)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 100 (1, 19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Breast surgery (RR<1 favours barbed sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref26" rid="ch4.appk.ref26">Rubin 2014</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">229</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.00 (0.18, 21.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (0, 19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">2. >33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies partially directly applicable. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab16_3"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab16_4"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appgtab17"><div id="ch4.appg.tab17" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appg.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appg.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: control *</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute risk: intervention (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_10" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSI: Abdominal (RR<1 favours continuous sutures)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref12" rid="ch4.appk.ref12">Gislason 1995</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref27" rid="ch4.appk.ref27">Seiler 2009</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1224</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.27 (0.89, 1.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 per 100 (10, 19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_7 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_8 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_9 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_10 hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dehiscence: Abdominal (RR<1 favours continuous sutures)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref12" rid="ch4.appk.ref12">Gislason 1995</a>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">599</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.48 (0.25, 8.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_6 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 per 100 (0, 9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_7 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_8 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_9 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_10 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_1_11 hd_b_ch4.appg.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">>33.3% of studies at moderate or high risk of bias. Downgraded 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab17_3"><p class="no_margin">Inconsistency not applicable</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appg.tab17_4"><p class="no_margin">95% confidence interval crosses both ends of a defined MID interval (0.8, 1.25). Downgraded 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4apphfig1"><div id="ch4.apph.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4apphf1&p=BOOKS&id=569837_ch4apphf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569837/bin/ch4apphf1.jpg" alt="Image ch4apphf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appitab1"><div id="ch4.appi.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Short Title</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Title</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref35" rid="ch4.appk.ref35">Acar (2017)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Is Horizontal Mattress Suturing More Effective Than Simple Interrupted Suturing on Postoperative Complications and Primary Wound Healing After Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l176"><li id="ch4.lt569" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref36" rid="ch4.appk.ref36">Agarwal (2011)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reinforced tension line suture closure after midline laparotomy in emergency surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l177"><li id="ch4.lt570" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref37" rid="ch4.appk.ref37">Agrawal (2009)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Role of suture material and technique of closure in wound outcome following laparotomy for peritonitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l178"><li id="ch4.lt571" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt572" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt573" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref38" rid="ch4.appk.ref38">Agrawal (2014)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted Abdominal Closure Prevents Burst: Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Interrupted-X and Conventional Continuous Closures in Surgical and Gynecological Patients</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l179"><li id="ch4.lt574" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt575" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref39" rid="ch4.appk.ref39">Amin (2008)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized Trial Tissue Adhesive/Staples in Thyroidectomy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l180"><li id="ch4.lt576" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref40" rid="ch4.appk.ref40">Anderson (2004)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Techniques and materials for closure of the abdominal wall in caesarean section.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l181"><li id="ch4.lt577" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review did not match review protocol</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andrade (2016)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Appendectomy Skin Closure Technique, Randomized Controlled Trial: Changing Paradigms (ASC)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref41" rid="ch4.appk.ref41">Annamalai (2015)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparing efficacy of octylcyanoacrylate adhesive glue versus polyglactin 910 sized 3/0 suture for closure of caesarean section skin incision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l182"><li id="ch4.lt578" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref42" rid="ch4.appk.ref42">Ansari (2016)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of use of polypropylene with polydioxanon E for closure of midline abdominal incisions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l183"><li id="ch4.lt579" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref43" rid="ch4.appk.ref43">Anuar (2013)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparative study between coaptive film versus suture for wound closure after long bone fracture fixation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l184"><li id="ch4.lt580" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt581" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref44" rid="ch4.appk.ref44">Apisarnthanarak (2015)</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triclosan-coated sutures reduce the risk of surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l185"><li id="ch4.lt582" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref45" rid="ch4.appk.ref45">Arslan (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effect of triclosan coated sutures on surgical site infection rate in pilonidal sinus disease: single-blinded randomized trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l186"><li id="ch4.lt583" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref46" rid="ch4.appk.ref46">Assadian (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The effect of triclosan-coated sutures in wound healing and triclosan degradation in the environment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l187"><li id="ch4.lt584" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref47" rid="ch4.appk.ref47">Ates (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of intracorporeal knot-tying suture (polyglactin) and titanium endoclips in laparoscopic appendiceal stump closure: a prospective randomized study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l188"><li id="ch4.lt585" class="half_rhythm"><div>Does not contain a population of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref48" rid="ch4.appk.ref48">Bashar (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A comparison of fibrin sealant versus standard closure in the reduction of postoperative morbidity after groin dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l189"><li id="ch4.lt586" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref49" rid="ch4.appk.ref49">Beam (2008)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tissue adhesives for simple traumatic lacerations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l190"><li id="ch4.lt587" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref50" rid="ch4.appk.ref50">Beresford (1993)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A prospective comparison of abdominal hysterectomy using absorbable staples.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l191"><li id="ch4.lt588" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt589" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref51" rid="ch4.appk.ref51">Berretta (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised prospective study of abdominal wall closure in patients with gynaecological cancer</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l192"><li id="ch4.lt590" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt591" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref52" rid="ch4.appk.ref52">Bhatia (2002)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparative study of “staples versus sutures” in skin closure following Dupuytren’s surgery.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l193"><li id="ch4.lt592" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref53" rid="ch4.appk.ref53">Bhattacharyya (2008)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intraoperative handling and wound healing of arthroscopic portal wounds: a clinical study comparing nylon suture with wound closure strips</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l194"><li id="ch4.lt593" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not a relevant study design</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref54" rid="ch4.appk.ref54">Biancari (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Staples versus sutures for closing leg wounds after vein graft harvesting for coronary artery bypass surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l195"><li id="ch4.lt594" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref55" rid="ch4.appk.ref55">Boesch (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effects of wound closure on wound healing in gynecologic surgery: a systematic literature review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l196"><li id="ch4.lt595" class="half_rhythm"><div>More recent systematic review included that covers the same topic</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bosanquet (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic Review and Meta-Regression of Factors Affecting Midline Incisional Hernia Rates: Analysis of 14,618 Patients</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l197"><li id="ch4.lt596" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review did not contain new relevant papers</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref57" rid="ch4.appk.ref57">Buchweitz (2005)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A prospective randomized trial of closing laparoscopic trocar wounds by transcutaneous versus subcuticular suture or adhesive papertape.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l198"><li id="ch4.lt597" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt598" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref58" rid="ch4.appk.ref58">Buchweitz (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tissue adhesive versus suture for the closure of laparoscopic wounds. A prospective randomized trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l199"><li id="ch4.lt599" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref4" rid="ch4.appk.ref4">Buresch (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of Subcuticular Suture Type for Skin Closure After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l200"><li id="ch4.lt600" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt601" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref59" rid="ch4.appk.ref59">Camacho-Mauries (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized, clinical trial that demonstrates the elimination of wound infection following pursestring versus conventional closure of ostomy wounds</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l201"><li id="ch4.lt602" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref60" rid="ch4.appk.ref60">Camacho-Mauries (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized clinical trial of intestinal ostomy takedown comparing pursestring wound closure vs conventional closure to eliminate the risk of wound infection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l202"><li id="ch4.lt603" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt604" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref61" rid="ch4.appk.ref61">Carlson (1995)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Polyglyconate (Maxon) versus nylon suture in midline abdominal incision closure: a prospective randomized trial.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l203"><li id="ch4.lt605" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref62" rid="ch4.appk.ref62">Cetin (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evaluation of intradermal absorbable and mattress sutures to close pilonidal sinus wounds with Limberg flap: a prospective randomized comparative study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l204"><li id="ch4.lt606" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt607" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref63" rid="ch4.appk.ref63">Chan (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Does Barbed Suture Lower Cost and Improve Outcome in Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Randomized Controlled Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l205"><li id="ch4.lt608" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt609" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref64" rid="ch4.appk.ref64">Chang (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triclosan-impregnated sutures to decrease surgical site infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l206"><li id="ch4.lt610" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref66" rid="ch4.appk.ref66">Chibbaro (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of skin glue versus traditional wound closure methods in brain surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l207"><li id="ch4.lt611" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt612" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref67" rid="ch4.appk.ref67">Chughtai (2000)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clips versus suture technique: is there a difference?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l208"><li id="ch4.lt613" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt614" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref68" rid="ch4.appk.ref68">Chunder (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A randomised controlled trial on suture materials for skin closure at caesarean section: Do wound infection rates differ?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l209"><li id="ch4.lt615" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref69" rid="ch4.appk.ref69">Chung (1991)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effect of Wound Closure Technique on Wound Infection in the Morbidly Obese: results of a randomized trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l210"><li id="ch4.lt616" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt617" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref70" rid="ch4.appk.ref70">Clay (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Staples vs subcuticular sutures for skin closure at cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l211"><li id="ch4.lt618" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref71" rid="ch4.appk.ref71">Colak (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A comparison of nonabsorbable polymeric clips and endoloop ligatures for the closure of the appendicular stump in laparoscopic appendectomy: a prospective, randomized study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l212"><li id="ch4.lt619" class="half_rhythm"><div>Does not contain a population of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref72" rid="ch4.appk.ref72">Coulthard (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tissue adhesives for closure of surgical incisions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l213"><li id="ch4.lt620" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref73" rid="ch4.appk.ref73">Croce (2007)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cesarean section, techniques and skin suture materials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l214"><li id="ch4.lt621" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study not reported in English</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref74" rid="ch4.appk.ref74">Daoud (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-analysis of prevention of surgical site infections following incision closure with triclosan-coated sutures: robustness to new evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l215"><li id="ch4.lt622" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref75" rid="ch4.appk.ref75">Daykan (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Skin closure at cesarean delivery, glue vs subcuticular sutures: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l216"><li id="ch4.lt623" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt624" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref75" rid="ch4.appk.ref75">Daykan (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of skin closure at cesarean delivery, glue (Dermabond) versus intracuticular (Monocril) sutures: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l217"><li id="ch4.lt625" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref77" rid="ch4.appk.ref77">de Jonge (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l218"><li id="ch4.lt626" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Deliaert (2009)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The effect of triclosan-coated sutures in wound healing. A double blind randomised prospective pilot study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trial - Material
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l219"><li id="ch4.lt627" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref78" rid="ch4.appk.ref78">Dignon (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Which is the better method of wound closure in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery: sutures or skin clips?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l220"><li id="ch4.lt628" class="half_rhythm"><div>More recent systematic review included that covers the same topic</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref79" rid="ch4.appk.ref79">Doorly (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Microbial sealants do not decrease surgical site infection for cleancontaminated colorectal procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l221"><li id="ch4.lt629" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref80" rid="ch4.appk.ref80">Dowson (2006)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing n-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (LiquiBand) with sutures for skin closure after laparoscopic general surgical procedures.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l222"><li id="ch4.lt630" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt631" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref81" rid="ch4.appk.ref81">Dresang (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topics in maternity care. What is the best skin closure for a cesarean section?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l223"><li id="ch4.lt632" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review article but not a systematic review</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref82" rid="ch4.appk.ref82">Dumville (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tissue adhesives for closure of surgical incisions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l224"><li id="ch4.lt633" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref83" rid="ch4.appk.ref83">E F Magann (2002)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subcutaneous stitch closure versus subcutaneous drain to prevent wound disruption after cesarean delivery: A randomized clinical trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l225"><li id="ch4.lt634" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref84" rid="ch4.appk.ref84">Edmiston (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Is there an evidence-based argument for embracing an antimicrobial (triclosan)-coated suture technology to reduce the risk for surgical-site infections?: A meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l226"><li id="ch4.lt635" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref85" rid="ch4.appk.ref85">Eggers (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A Comparison of Wound Closure Techniques for Total Knee Arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l227"><li id="ch4.lt636" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt637" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref86" rid="ch4.appk.ref86">Eldrup (1981)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised trial comparing Proximate stapler with conventional skin closure.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l228"><li id="ch4.lt638" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref87" rid="ch4.appk.ref87">Elsolh (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Effect of Antibiotic-Coated Sutures on the Incidence of Surgical Site Infections in Abdominal Closures: a Meta-Analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l229"><li id="ch4.lt639" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref88" rid="ch4.appk.ref88">Eymann (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glue instead of stitches: a minor change of the operative technique with a serious impact on the shunt infection rate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l230"><li id="ch4.lt640" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt641" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref89" rid="ch4.appk.ref89">Falk-Brynhildsen (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bacterial growth and wound infection following saphenous vein harvesting in cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial of the impact of microbial skin sealant</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l231"><li id="ch4.lt642" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study not relevant to RQ</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref90" rid="ch4.appk.ref90">Fisher (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A randomized, prospective study of total hip wound closure with resorbable subcuticular staples</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l232"><li id="ch4.lt643" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref91" rid="ch4.appk.ref91">Fitzwater (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wound morbidity with staples compared with suture for cesarean skin closure by diabetic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l233"><li id="ch4.lt644" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt645" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref92" rid="ch4.appk.ref92">Ford (2005)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intraoperative handling and wound healing: controlled clinical trial comparing coated VICRYL plus antibacterial suture (coated polyglactin 910 suture with triclosan) with coated VICRYL suture (coated polyglactin 910 suture).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l234"><li id="ch4.lt646" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref93" rid="ch4.appk.ref93">Freitas (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized clinical trial comparing 2-octylcyanoacrylate versus intradermic suture with nylon: similar cosmetic results with different safety profile</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l235"><li id="ch4.lt647" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fujita (2009)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suture materials and techniques for midline abdominal closure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l236"><li id="ch4.lt648" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not a peer reviewed publication</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref94" rid="ch4.appk.ref94">Fujita (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antibiotic sutures against surgical site infections</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l237"><li id="ch4.lt649" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref95" rid="ch4.appk.ref95">Gaikwad (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">An ideal suture for midline abdominal closure?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l238"><li id="ch4.lt650" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt651" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref96" rid="ch4.appk.ref96">Gazivoda (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A clinical study on the influence of suturing material on oral wound healing</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l239"><li id="ch4.lt652" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt653" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref97" rid="ch4.appk.ref97">Gkegkes (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adhesive strips for the closure of surgical incisional sites: a systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l240"><li id="ch4.lt654" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref98" rid="ch4.appk.ref98">Gong (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stapled vs hand suture closure of loop ileostomy: a meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l241"><li id="ch4.lt655" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref100" rid="ch4.appk.ref100">Guo (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy of triclosan-coated sutures for reducing risk of surgical site infection in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l242"><li id="ch4.lt656" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref101" rid="ch4.appk.ref101">Gupta (2008)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of interrupted versus continuous closure in abdominal wound repair: a meta-analysis of 23 trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l243"><li id="ch4.lt657" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Technique</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref102" rid="ch4.appk.ref102">Gurusamy (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Continuous versus interrupted skin sutures for non-obstetric surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l244"><li id="ch4.lt658" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Technique</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref103" rid="ch4.appk.ref103">Gys (1989)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A prospective comparative clinical study between monofilament absorbable and non-absorbable sutures for abdominal wall closure.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l245"><li id="ch4.lt659" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt660" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref104" rid="ch4.appk.ref104">Han (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gunsight versus pursestring procedure for closing the wound following ostomy closure: a prospective randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l246"><li id="ch4.lt661" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref105" rid="ch4.appk.ref105">Harvey (1986)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A prospective trial of skin staples and sutures in skin closure.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l247"><li id="ch4.lt662" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt663" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref106" rid="ch4.appk.ref106">Hasdemir (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of subcuticular suture materials in cesarean skin closure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l248"><li id="ch4.lt664" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not a relevant study design</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref107" rid="ch4.appk.ref107">Hemming (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review of systematic reviews and panoramic meta-analysis: staples versus sutures for surgical procedures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l249"><li id="ch4.lt665" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Henriksen (2017)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triclosan-coated sutures and surgical site infection in abdominal surgery: the TRISTAN review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l250"><li id="ch4.lt666" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref108" rid="ch4.appk.ref108">Hochberg (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suture choice and other methods of skin closure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l251"><li id="ch4.lt667" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review article but not a systematic review</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref109" rid="ch4.appk.ref109">Hsieh (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pursestring Closure versus Conventional Primary Closure Following Stoma Reversal to Reduce Surgical Site Infection Rate: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l252"><li id="ch4.lt668" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Technique</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref110" rid="ch4.appk.ref110">Huppelschoten (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Different ways of subcutaneous tissue and skin closure at cesarean section: A randomized clinical trial on the long-term cosmetic outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l253"><li id="ch4.lt669" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref111" rid="ch4.appk.ref111">Huszár (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of wound infection rates after colon and rectal surgeries using triclosan-coated or bare sutures -- a multi-center, randomized clinical study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l254"><li id="ch4.lt670" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study not reported in English</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref112" rid="ch4.appk.ref112">Iavazzo (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sutures versus staples for the management of surgical wounds: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l255"><li id="ch4.lt671" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref113" rid="ch4.appk.ref113">Jan (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LiquiBand Surgical S topical adhesive versus sutures for the closure of laparoscopic wounds. A randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l256"><li id="ch4.lt672" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt673" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref114" rid="ch4.appk.ref114">Javadi (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of subcuticular and interrupted suturing methods for skin closure after appendectomy: A randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l257"><li id="ch4.lt674" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt675" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref115" rid="ch4.appk.ref115">Jeppsson (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triclosan-coated sutures reduce surgical site infections after open vein harvesting in coronary artery bypass graft patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l258"><li id="ch4.lt676" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref116" rid="ch4.appk.ref116">Johnson (1997)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cutaneous closure after cardiac operations: a controlled, randomized, prospective comparison of intradermal versus staple closures.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l259"><li id="ch4.lt677" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data not reported in an extractable format</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref117" rid="ch4.appk.ref117">Kakeji (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Phase II multi-center randomized clinical trial on the use of synthetic absorbable sutures to prevent wound infection in surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l260"><li id="ch4.lt678" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study not reported in English</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref118" rid="ch4.appk.ref118">Kim (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Evaluating Skin Closure After Total Knee Arthroplasty-What Is the Best Method?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l261"><li id="ch4.lt679" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review did not match review protocol</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref119" rid="ch4.appk.ref119">Konstantelias (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infections: a meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l262"><li id="ch4.lt680" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kotaluoto (2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wound healing after open appendectomies in adult patients: a prospective, randomised trial comparing two methods of wound closure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l263"><li id="ch4.lt681" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data not reported in an extractable format</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref120" rid="ch4.appk.ref120">Krishnamoorthy (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A randomized study comparing traditional monofilament knotted sutures with barbed knotless sutures for donor leg wound closure in coronary artery bypass surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l264"><li id="ch4.lt682" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt683" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref121" rid="ch4.appk.ref121">Krishnan (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparing sutures versus staples for skin closure after orthopaedic surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l265"><li id="ch4.lt684" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref122" rid="ch4.appk.ref122">Krukowski (1987)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Polydioxanone or polypropylene for closure of midline abdominal incisions: a prospective comparative clinical trial.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l266"><li id="ch4.lt685" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not a relevant study design</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref123" rid="ch4.appk.ref123">Kuroki (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wound Complication Rates After Staples or Suture for Midline Vertical Skin Closure in Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l267"><li id="ch4.lt686" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt687" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref124" rid="ch4.appk.ref124">Lazar (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adhesive strips versus subcuticular suture for mediansternotomy wound closure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l268"><li id="ch4.lt688" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt689" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref125" rid="ch4.appk.ref125">Leaper (1985)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subcuticular skin closure after inguinal surgery. A controlled trial of polypropylene or polydioxanone.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l269"><li id="ch4.lt690" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt691" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref126" rid="ch4.appk.ref126">Leaper (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The role of antimicrobial sutures in preventing surgical site infection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l270"><li id="ch4.lt692" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review article but not a systematic review</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref127" rid="ch4.appk.ref127">Lee (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pursestring closure of the stoma site leads to fewer wound infections: results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l271"><li id="ch4.lt693" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt694" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref128" rid="ch4.appk.ref128">Leung (2008)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of stapled versus handsewn loop ileostomy closure: a meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l272"><li id="ch4.lt695" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref129" rid="ch4.appk.ref129">Li (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full fascia closure with interrupted absorbable suture and layered closure with interrupted silk suture in abdominal incision: comparison of curative effects and biocompatibility</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l273"><li id="ch4.lt696" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study not reported in English</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin (2016)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Efficacy and Safety of Knotless Barbed Sutures in the Surgical Field: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l274"><li id="ch4.lt697" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref130" rid="ch4.appk.ref130">Lipp (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cyanoacrylate microbial sealants for skin preparation prior to surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l275"><li id="ch4.lt698" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study not reported in English</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref131" rid="ch4.appk.ref131">Loffler (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HAnd Suture Versus STApling for Closure of Loop Ileostomy (HASTA Trial): results of a multicenter randomized trial (DRKS00000040)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l276"><li id="ch4.lt699" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref132" rid="ch4.appk.ref132">Loffler (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hand suture versus stapler for closure of loop ileostomy--a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l277"><li id="ch4.lt700" class="half_rhythm"><div>Does not contain a population of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref133" rid="ch4.appk.ref133">Lopez (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing the outcomes of circumferential subcuticular wound approximation (CSWA) with conventional wound closure after stoma reversal</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l278"><li id="ch4.lt701" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt702" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref134" rid="ch4.appk.ref134">Maartense (2002)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized study of the effectiveness of closing laparoscopic trocar wounds with octylcyanoacrylate, adhesive papertape or poliglecaprone.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l279"><li id="ch4.lt703" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt704" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref135" rid="ch4.appk.ref135">Mackeen (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Techniques and materials for skin closure in caesarean section</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l280"><li id="ch4.lt705" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt706" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref136" rid="ch4.appk.ref136">Mackeen (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suture versus staples for skin closure after cesarean: a meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l281"><li id="ch4.lt707" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref137" rid="ch4.appk.ref137">Maged (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subcuticular interrupted versus continuous skin suturing in elective cesarean section in obese women: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l282"><li id="ch4.lt708" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt709" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref138" rid="ch4.appk.ref138">Maino (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Influence of suturing technique on wound healing and patient morbidity after connective tissue harvesting. A randomized clinical trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l283"><li id="ch4.lt710" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt711" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref139" rid="ch4.appk.ref139">Markides (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-analysis of handsewn versus stapled reversal of loop ileostomy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l284"><li id="ch4.lt712" class="half_rhythm"><div>Does not contain a population of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref140" rid="ch4.appk.ref140">Marquez (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wound infection following stoma takedown: primary skin closure versus subcuticular purse-string suture</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l285"><li id="ch4.lt713" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not a relevant study design</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref141" rid="ch4.appk.ref141">McCartan (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Purse-string approximation is superior to primary skin closure following stoma reversal: a systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l286"><li id="ch4.lt714" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Technique</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref142" rid="ch4.appk.ref142">Meena (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barbed versus standard sutures in total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l287"><li id="ch4.lt715" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Technique</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref143" rid="ch4.appk.ref143">Millbourn (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effect of stitch length on wound complications after closure of midline incisions: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l288"><li id="ch4.lt716" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not a relevant study design</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref144" rid="ch4.appk.ref144">Millbourn (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk factors for wound complications in midline abdominal incisions related to the size of stitches</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l289"><li id="ch4.lt717" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not a relevant study design</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref145" rid="ch4.appk.ref145">Mingmalairak (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy of antimicrobial coating suture coated polyglactin 910 with triclosan (Vicryl plus) compared with polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) in reduced surgical site infection of appendicitis, double blind randomized control trial, preliminary safety report</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l290"><li id="ch4.lt718" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt719" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref146" rid="ch4.appk.ref146">Mudd (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A prospective randomized comparison of two skin closure techniques in acetabular fracture surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l291"><li id="ch4.lt720" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt721" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref147" rid="ch4.appk.ref147">Mullen (1999)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reduction of leg wound infections following coronary artery bypass surgery.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l292"><li id="ch4.lt722" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt723" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref148" rid="ch4.appk.ref148">Murphy (1995)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Skin closure and the incidence of groin wound infection: a prospective study.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l293"><li id="ch4.lt724" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt725" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref149" rid="ch4.appk.ref149">Murphy (2004)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of clips versus sutures in orthopaedic wound closure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l294"><li id="ch4.lt726" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt727" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref150" rid="ch4.appk.ref150">Nadeem (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of extracorporeal knot-tying suture and endoclips in laparoscopic appendiceal stump closure in uncomplicated acute appendicitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l295"><li id="ch4.lt728" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref151" rid="ch4.appk.ref151">Nadeem (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of extra-corporeal knot-tying suture and metallic endo-clips in laparoscopic appendiceal stump closure in uncomplicated acute appendicitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l296"><li id="ch4.lt729" class="half_rhythm"><div>Does not contain a population of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref152" rid="ch4.appk.ref152">Nasir (2001)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Continuous double loop closure for midline laparotomy wounds.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l297"><li id="ch4.lt730" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref153" rid="ch4.appk.ref153">Navali (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of three skin closure methods in knee mid-anterior incisions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l298"><li id="ch4.lt731" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref154" rid="ch4.appk.ref154">Neutzling (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stapled versus handsewn methods for colorectal anastomosis surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l299"><li id="ch4.lt732" class="half_rhythm"><div>Does not contain a population of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref155" rid="ch4.appk.ref155">Niggebrugge (1999)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Influence of abdominal-wound closure technique on complications after surgery: a randomised study.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l300"><li id="ch4.lt733" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref156" rid="ch4.appk.ref156">Nuthalapaty (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Staples compared with subcuticular suture for skin closure after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l301"><li id="ch4.lt734" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref157" rid="ch4.appk.ref157">Odijk (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The MOVE-trial: Monocryl vs. Vicryl RapideTM for skin repair in mediolateral episiotomies: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l302"><li id="ch4.lt735" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt736" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref158" rid="ch4.appk.ref158">Ohira (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Synthetic polyglycomer short-term absorbable sutures vs. polydioxanone long-term absorbable sutures for preventing incisional hernia and wound dehiscence after abdominal wall closure: a comparative randomized study of patients treated for gastric or colon cancer</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l303"><li id="ch4.lt737" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt738" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref159" rid="ch4.appk.ref159">Ong (2002)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparing wound closure using tissue glue versus subcuticular suture for pediatric surgical incisions: a prospective, randomised trial.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l304"><li id="ch4.lt739" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref160" rid="ch4.appk.ref160">Ong (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective randomised study to evaluate the use of DERMABOND ProPen (2-octylcyanoacrylate) in the closure of abdominal wounds versus closure with skin staples in patients undergoing elective colectomy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l305"><li id="ch4.lt740" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt741" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref161" rid="ch4.appk.ref161">Orci (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review and meta-analysis of fibrin sealants for patients undergoing pancreatic resection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l306"><li id="ch4.lt742" class="half_rhythm"><div>Does not contain a population of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref162" rid="ch4.appk.ref162">Orr (1990)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Continuous or interrupted fascial closure: a prospective evaluation of No. 1 Maxon suture in 402 gynecologic procedures.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l307"><li id="ch4.lt743" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref163" rid="ch4.appk.ref163">Osther (1995)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized comparison of polyglycolic acid and polyglyconate sutures for abdominal fascial closure after laparotomy in patients with suspected impaired wound healing.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l308"><li id="ch4.lt744" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data not reported in an extractable format</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref164" rid="ch4.appk.ref164">Oswal (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical Staples: A Superior Alternative to Sutures for Skin Closure After Neck Dissection-A Single-Blinded Prospective Randomized Clinical Study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l309"><li id="ch4.lt745" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref87" rid="ch4.appk.ref87">Patel (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Closure methods for laparotomy incisions for preventing incisional hernias and other wound complications</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l310"><li id="ch4.lt746" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref165" rid="ch4.appk.ref165">Pauniaho (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-absorbable interrupted versus absorbable continuous skin closure in pediatric appendectomies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l311"><li id="ch4.lt747" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt748" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt749" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pinkney (2010)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sutures v staples. What about the NICE guidelines?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref166" rid="ch4.appk.ref166">Pogorelić (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A Comparison of Endoloop Ligatures and Nonabsorbable Polymeric Clips for the Closure of the Appendicular Stump During Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l312"><li id="ch4.lt750" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref167" rid="ch4.appk.ref167">Pronio (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Closure of cutaneous incision after thyroid surgery: A comparison between metal clips and cutaneous octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive. A prospective randomized clinical trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l313"><li id="ch4.lt751" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt752" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref168" rid="ch4.appk.ref168">R J Cardos (2006)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subcutaneous management of vertical incisions with 3 or more centimetres of subcutaneous fat</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l314"><li id="ch4.lt753" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref169" rid="ch4.appk.ref169">Rakic (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Analysis of endoloops and endostaples for closing the appendiceal stump during laparoscopic appendectomy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l315"><li id="ch4.lt754" class="half_rhythm"><div>Does not contain a population of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref170" rid="ch4.appk.ref170">Ranaboldo (1992)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Closure of laparotomy wounds: skin staples versus sutures.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l316"><li id="ch4.lt755" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref171" rid="ch4.appk.ref171">Ray (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of Two Different Suture Materials for Transvaginal Sacrospinous Fixation of the Vault: A Prospective Randomized Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l317"><li id="ch4.lt756" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref172" rid="ch4.appk.ref172">Rezaie (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized comparison of nylon versus absorbing polyglactin 910 for fascial closure in caesarean section</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l318"><li id="ch4.lt757" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data not reported in an extractable format</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref173" rid="ch4.appk.ref173">Rogers (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effect of triclosan-coated sutures on incidence of surgical wound infection after lower limb revascularization surgery: a randomized controlled trial. By Turtiainen et al. DOI:10.1007/s00268-012-1655-4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l319"><li id="ch4.lt758" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref174" rid="ch4.appk.ref174">Romero (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing a tissue adhesive (DermabondTM) with adhesive strips (Steri-StripsTM) for the closure of laparoscopic trocar wounds in children</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l320"><li id="ch4.lt759" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt760" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref175" rid="ch4.appk.ref175">Rondelli (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Purse-string closure versus conventional primary closure of wound following stoma reversal: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l321"><li id="ch4.lt761" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Technique</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref176" rid="ch4.appk.ref176">Rozzelle (2008)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antimicrobial suture wound closure for cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l322"><li id="ch4.lt762" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref177" rid="ch4.appk.ref177">Rubio-Perez (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sis-e fellowship project ‘subcuticular continuous suture versus skin staples to reduce surgical site infections in colorectal surgery patients’: current status of the investigation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l323"><li id="ch4.lt763" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref178" rid="ch4.appk.ref178">Rui (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A prospective randomised comparison of 2 skin closure techniques in primary total hip arthroplasty surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l324"><li id="ch4.lt764" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt765" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref179" rid="ch4.appk.ref179">Ruiz-Tovar (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Association between Triclosan-Coated Sutures for Abdominal Wall Closure and Incisional Surgical Site Infection after Open Surgery in Patients Presenting with Fecal Peritonitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l325"><li id="ch4.lt766" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt767" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref180" rid="ch4.appk.ref180">Sadick (1994)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The modified buried vertical mattress suture. A new technique of buried absorbable wound closure associated with excellent cosmesis for wounds under tension.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l326"><li id="ch4.lt768" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt769" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref181" rid="ch4.appk.ref181">Sah (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Is There an Advantage to Knotless Barbed Suture in TKA Wound Closure? A Randomized Trial in Simultaneous Bilateral TKAs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l327"><li id="ch4.lt770" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt771" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref182" rid="ch4.appk.ref182">Sajid (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-analysis of skin adhesives versus sutures in closure of laparoscopic port-site wounds</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l328"><li id="ch4.lt772" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref183" rid="ch4.appk.ref183">Sajid (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review on the effectiveness of slowly-absorbable versus non-absorbable sutures for abdominal fascial closure following laparotomy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l329"><li id="ch4.lt773" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref185" rid="ch4.appk.ref185">Sajid (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fibrin glue instillation under skin flaps to prevent seroma-related morbidity following breast and axillary surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l330"><li id="ch4.lt774" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review did not match review protocol</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref184" rid="ch4.appk.ref184">Sajid (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of antibacterial sutures for skin closure in controlling surgical site infections: a systematic review of published randomized, controlled trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l331"><li id="ch4.lt775" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref184" rid="ch4.appk.ref184">Sajid (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review and meta-analysis of published, randomized, controlled trials comparing suture anastomosis to stapled anastomosis for ileostomy closure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l332"><li id="ch4.lt776" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sajid (2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review of absorbable vs non-absorbable sutures used for the closure of surgical incisions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l333"><li id="ch4.lt777" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sala-Perez (2016)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antibacterial suture vs silk for the surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. A randomized clinical study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l334"><li id="ch4.lt778" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not relevant to review question</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref186" rid="ch4.appk.ref186">Sandini (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review and meta-analysis of sutures coated with triclosan for the prevention of surgical site infection after elective colorectal surgery according to the PRISMA statement</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l335"><li id="ch4.lt779" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shantz (2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sutures versus staples for wound closure in orthopaedic surgery: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l336"><li id="ch4.lt780" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref187" rid="ch4.appk.ref187">Sharma (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A randomized controlled trial comparing cosmetic outcome after skin closure with ‘staples’ or ‘subcuticular sutures’ in emergency cesarean section</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l337"><li id="ch4.lt781" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any of the outcomes of interest</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref188" rid="ch4.appk.ref188">Shoar (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of prophylactic retention suture in reducing dehiscince in midline laparotomy in high risk patients: a randomized clinical trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l338"><li id="ch4.lt782" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref189" rid="ch4.appk.ref189">Shrestha (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A randomized trial comparing skin closure in cesarean section: interrupted suture with nylon vs subcuticular suture with No ‘1’ polyfilament</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l339"><li id="ch4.lt783" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt784" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref190" rid="ch4.appk.ref190">Siddique (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Polydioxanone vs prolene closure for midline abdominal incisions: To compare postoperative wound dehiscence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l340"><li id="ch4.lt785" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt786" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref191" rid="ch4.appk.ref191">Singh (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antibacterial suture reduces surgical site infections in coronary artery bypass grafting</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l341"><li id="ch4.lt787" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref192" rid="ch4.appk.ref192">Sinha (2001)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A single blind, prospective, randomized trial comparing n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (Indermil) and sutures for skin closure in hand surgery.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l342"><li id="ch4.lt788" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt789" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref193" rid="ch4.appk.ref193">Slade (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sutures versus staples for wound closure in orthopaedic surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l343"><li id="ch4.lt790" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt791" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref194" rid="ch4.appk.ref194">Smith (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sutures versus staples for skin closure in orthopaedic surgery: meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l344"><li id="ch4.lt792" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref195" rid="ch4.appk.ref195">Smith (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barbed versus traditional sutures: Closure time, cost, and wound related outcomes in total joint arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l345"><li id="ch4.lt793" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt794" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref196" rid="ch4.appk.ref196">Soni (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparing cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and conventional subcuticular skin sutures for maxillofacial incisions--a prospective randomized trial considering closure time, wound morbidity, and cosmetic outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l346"><li id="ch4.lt795" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt796" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sprowson (2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The effect of triclosan coated sutures on rate of surgical site infection after hip and knee replacement: a protocol for a double-blind randomised controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l347"><li id="ch4.lt797" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref197" rid="ch4.appk.ref197">Sprowson (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The effect of triclosan-coated sutures on the rate of surgical site infection after hip and knee arthroplasty: a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 2546 patients</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l348"><li id="ch4.lt798" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not a relevant study design-Quasi-randomised trial</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref198" rid="ch4.appk.ref198">Stenvik (2006)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effect of subcutaneous suture line and surgical technique on wound infection after saphenectomy in coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective randomised study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l349"><li id="ch4.lt799" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref199" rid="ch4.appk.ref199">Sureshkumar (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparing Surgical Site Infection and Scar Cosmesis Between Conventional Linear Skin Closure Versus Purse-string Skin Closure in Stoma Reversal - A Randomized Controlled Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l350"><li id="ch4.lt800" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt801" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref200" rid="ch4.appk.ref200">Tejani (2012)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A comparison of cosmetic outcomes of lacerations of the trunk and extremity repaired using absorbable versus non-absorbable sutures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l351"><li id="ch4.lt802" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref201" rid="ch4.appk.ref201">Tejani (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A comparison of cosmetic outcomes of lacerations on the extremities and trunk using absorbable versus non-absorbable sutures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l352"><li id="ch4.lt803" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt804" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref202" rid="ch4.appk.ref202">Toriumi (1998)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of octyl-2-cyanoacrylate for skin closure in facial plastic surgery.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l353"><li id="ch4.lt805" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data not reported in an extractable format</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref203" rid="ch4.appk.ref203">Towfigh (2008)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Significant reduction in incidence of wound contamination by skin flora through use of microbial sealant</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l354"><li id="ch4.lt806" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref204" rid="ch4.appk.ref204">Tuuli (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Staples compared with subcuticular suture for skin closure after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l355"><li id="ch4.lt807" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref205" rid="ch4.appk.ref205">Uchino (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Efficacy of Antimicrobial-Coated Sutures for Preventing Incisional Surgical Site Infections in Digestive Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l356"><li id="ch4.lt808" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref206" rid="ch4.appk.ref206">van den Ende (2004)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adhesive bonds or percutaneous absorbable suture for closure of surgical wounds in children. Results of a prospective randomized trial.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l357"><li id="ch4.lt809" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt810" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref207" rid="ch4.appk.ref207">Vats (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of Efficacy of Three Suture Materials, i.e., Poliglecaprone 25, Polyglactin 910, Polyamide, as Subcuticular Skin Stitches in Post-Cesarean Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l358"><li id="ch4.lt811" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt812" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref208" rid="ch4.appk.ref208">Velmahos (2002)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe Trauma is Not an Excuse for Prolonged Antibiotic Prophylaxis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l359"><li id="ch4.lt813" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref209" rid="ch4.appk.ref209">Vo (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trial: Study shows insufficient decrease in wound complications with sutured versus stapled skin closure in gastrointestinal operations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l360"><li id="ch4.lt814" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref210" rid="ch4.appk.ref210">Wade (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absorbable versus non-absorbable sutures for skin closure after carpal tunnel decompression surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l361"><li id="ch4.lt815" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref211" rid="ch4.appk.ref211">Wang (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review and meta-analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l362"><li id="ch4.lt816" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref212" rid="ch4.appk.ref212">Wang (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subcuticular sutures versus staples for skin closure after cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l363"><li id="ch4.lt817" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref213" rid="ch4.appk.ref213">Weldrick (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A comparison of fibrin sealant versus standard closure in the reduction of postoperative morbidity after groin dissection: A systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l364"><li id="ch4.lt818" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref214" rid="ch4.appk.ref214">Williams (2011)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomized trial of antimicrobial-coated sutures to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l365"><li id="ch4.lt819" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt820" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref215" rid="ch4.appk.ref215">Wolterbeek (2002)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Skin closure after infrainguinal bypass surgery: a prospective randomised study.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l366"><li id="ch4.lt821" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt822" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref216" rid="ch4.appk.ref216">Wu (2017)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antimicrobial-coated sutures to decrease surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l367"><li id="ch4.lt823" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref217" rid="ch4.appk.ref217">Wu (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Correction to: Antimicrobial-coated sutures to decrease surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l368"><li id="ch4.lt824" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wyles (2016)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Chitranjan Ranawat Award: Running Subcuticular Closure Enables the Most Robust Perfusion After TKA: A Randomized Clinical Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l369"><li id="ch4.lt825" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt826" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref218" rid="ch4.appk.ref218">Xu (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absorbable Versus Non-absorbable Sutures for Skin Closure: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l370"><li id="ch4.lt827" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Material</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref219" rid="ch4.appk.ref219">Yamaguchi (2014)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A randomized phase III trial of skin closure by subcuticular suture versus skin stapler to prevent incisional surgical site infection after elective colorectal cancer surgery: results of the subcuticular suture against infection (SSI) study</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l371"><li id="ch4.lt828" class="half_rhythm"><div>Conference abstract</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref220" rid="ch4.appk.ref220">Yang (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Closure of skin incision after thyroidectomy through a supraclavicular approach: a comparison between tissue adhesive and staples</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l372"><li id="ch4.lt829" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt830" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref221" rid="ch4.appk.ref221">Yoon (2015)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical trial on the incidence of wound infection and patient satisfaction after stoma closure: comparison of two skin closure techniques</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l373"><li id="ch4.lt831" class="half_rhythm"><div>Not a relevant study design</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref222" rid="ch4.appk.ref222">Yuenyongviwat (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A randomised controlled trial comparing skin closure in total knee arthroplasty in the same knee: nylon sutures versus skin staples</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l374"><li id="ch4.lt832" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt833" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref223" rid="ch4.appk.ref223">Zabd-Ur-Rehman (2013)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of wound dehiscence in interrupted with continuous closure of laparotomy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l375"><li id="ch4.lt834" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - technique</div></li><li id="ch4.lt835" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref224" rid="ch4.appk.ref224">Zaid (2010)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A randomized trial of secondary closure of superficial wound dehiscence by surgical tape or suture</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l376"><li id="ch4.lt836" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt837" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref225" rid="ch4.appk.ref225">Zaki (2018)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of staples vs subcuticular suture in class III obese women undergoing cesarean: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l377"><li id="ch4.lt838" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study does not contain any relevant interventions</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang (2011)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cosmetic outcome and surgical site infection rates of antibacterial absorbable (Polyglactin 910) suture compared to Chinese silk suture in breast cancer surgery: a randomized pilot research</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l378"><li id="ch4.lt839" class="half_rhythm"><div>Randomised controlled trial - Material</div></li><li id="ch4.lt840" class="half_rhythm"><div><200 subjects</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref226" rid="ch4.appk.ref226">Zhang (2016)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barbed versus traditional sutures for wound closure in knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l379"><li id="ch4.lt841" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review - Technique</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref227" rid="ch4.appk.ref227">Zhuang (2009)</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of two absorbable sutures in abdominal wall incision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l380"><li id="ch4.lt842" class="half_rhythm"><div>Study not reported in English</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appitab2"><div id="ch4.appi.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paper</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Primary reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abbott (2017) In Pursuit of the Most Cost-Effective Pediatric Laparoscopic Appendectomy: The Effect of Disposable Instrument Choice on Operative Time and Surgeon-Controllable Cost</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alkhoury (2011) Cost and clinical outcomes of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight polypropylene mesh</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Al-Temimi (2017) Endostapler versus Hem-O-Lok clip to secure the appendiceal stump and mesoappendix during laparoscopic appendectomy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arkadopoulos (2016) Cost-Effective Surgical Management of Liver Disease Amidst a Financial Crisis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arroyo (2015) Open-label clinical trial comparing the clinical and economic effectiveness of using a polyurethane film surgical dressing with gauze surgical dressings in the care of post-operative surgical wounds</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barth (2008) Watertight dural closure: is it necessary? A prospective randomized trial in patients with supratentorial craniotomies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Begum (2012) The use of vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy in thoracic operations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bejko (2012) Nitinol flexigrip sternal closure system and chest wound infections: insight from a comparative analysis of complications and costs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Black (2014) Surgical site infections in gynecology</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref56" rid="ch4.appk.ref56">Borzio (2016)</a> Barbed sutures in total hip and knee arthroplasty: what is the evidence? A meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chopra (2016) The Economic Impact of Closed-Incision Negative-Pressure Therapy in High-Risk Abdominal Incisions: A Cost-Utility Analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Deerenberg (2015) Small bites versus large bites for closure of abdominal midline incisions (STITCH): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref10" rid="ch4.appk.ref10">Galal (2011)</a> Impact of using triclosan-antibacterial sutures on incidence of surgical site infection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hagen (2012) Reducing cost of surgery by avoiding complications: the model of robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Köşüş (2010) Rifamycin SV Application to Subcutanous Tissue for Prevention of Post-Cesarean Surgical Site Infection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref127" rid="ch4.appk.ref127">Lee (2014)</a> An Economic Model: Value of Antimicrobial-Coated Sutures to Society, Hospitals, and Third-Party Payers in Preventing Abdominal Surgical Site Infections</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mansour (2013) The use of barbed sutures during scoliosis fusion wound closure: A quality improvement analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Millbourn (2013) Cost analysis of the use of small stitches when closing midline abdominal incisions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Monsen (2015) A randomised study of NPWT closure versus alginate dressings in peri-vascular groin infections: quality of life, pain and cost</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref22" rid="ch4.appk.ref22">Nakamura (2013)</a> Triclosan-coated sutures reduce the incidence of wound infections and the costs after colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nickl (2018) First Experiences with Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in a High-Risk Poststernotomy Patient Population treated with Pectoralis Major Muscle Flap for Deep Sternal Wound Infection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Olesen (2017) The cost of infection in severe open tibial fractures treated with a free flap</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ooi (2016) Transcatheter Versus Surgical Closure of Atrial Septal Defects in Children: A Value Comparison</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ortega-Zilic (2010) EpiDex Swiss field trial 2004–2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Singh (2014) An economic model: value of antimicrobial-coated sutures to society, hospitals, and third-party payers in preventing abdominal surgical site infections</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Siribumrungwong (2018) Comparison of Superficial Surgical Site Infection Between Delayed Primary Versus Primary Wound Closure in Complicated Appendicitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref195" rid="ch4.appk.ref195">Smith (2014)</a> Barbed versus traditional sutures: Closure time, cost, and wound related outcomes in total joint arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stanirowski (2016) Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Dialkylcarbamoyl Chloride Impregnated Dressings for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Adult Women Undergoing Cesarean Section</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warner (2010) Comparison of vacuum-assisted closure to the antibiotic bead pouch for the treatment of blast injury of the extremity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Watson (2016) Comparison of stapled haemorrhoidopexy with traditional excisional surgery for haemorrhoidal disease (eTHoS): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Webster (2014) Negative pressure wound therapy for skin grafts and surgical wounds healing by primary intention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ye (2014) Use of ValtracTM-secured intracolonic bypass in laparoscopic rectal cancer resection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.appk.ref226" rid="ch4.appk.ref226">Zhang (2016)</a> Barbed versus traditional sutures for wound closure in knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost utility study</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appjtab1"><div id="ch4.appj.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PICO</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<b>Population:</b>
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</p>
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<p>People of any age undergoing any surgery, including minimally invasive surgery (arthroscopic, thoracoscopic and laparoscopic surgery)</p>
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<p><b>Interventions:</b>
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<ul id="ch4.l381"><li id="ch4.lt843" class="half_rhythm"><div>Barbed suture</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><b>Comparator:</b>
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<ul id="ch4.l382"><li id="ch4.lt844" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures (including polydioxanone and polyglyconate monofilament)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt845" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other sutures (traditional, absorbable, non-absorbable)</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><b>Outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch4.l383"><li id="ch4.lt846" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection (including SSIs up to 30 days and 1 year) defined using appropriate criteria such as CDC SSI criteria.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt847" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence (superficial/partial dehiscence and complete wound dehiscence)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt848" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality post-surgery</div></li><li id="ch4.lt849" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch4.lt850" class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative antibiotic use</div></li><li id="ch4.lt851" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital readmission</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 RCTs of very low/low quality</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trial</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appjtab2"><div id="ch4.appj.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appj.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PICO</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>
|
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<b>Population:</b>
|
|
</p>
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<p>People of any age undergoing any surgery, including minimally invasive surgery (arthroscopic, thoracoscopic and laparoscopic surgery)</p>
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<p><b>Interventions:</b>
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|
<ul id="ch4.l384"><li id="ch4.lt852" class="half_rhythm"><div>Triclosan coated sutures</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><b>Comparator:</b>
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<ul id="ch4.l385"><li id="ch4.lt853" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures (including polydioxanone and polyglyconate monofilament)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt854" class="half_rhythm"><div>Different layer of closure</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><b>Outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch4.l386"><li id="ch4.lt855" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection (including SSIs up to 30 days and 1 year) defined using appropriate criteria such as CDC SSI criteria.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt856" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence (superficial/partial dehiscence and complete wound dehiscence)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt857" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality post-surgery</div></li><li id="ch4.lt858" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch4.lt859" class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative antibiotic use</div></li><li id="ch4.lt860" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital readmission</div></li><li id="ch4.lt861" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events such as: antimicrobial resistance</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 RCTs of varying quality</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trial</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appjtab3"><div id="ch4.appj.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569837/table/ch4.appj.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appj.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PICO</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>
|
|
<b>Population:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
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<p>People of any age undergoing emergency surgery</p>
|
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<p>
|
|
<b>Interventions:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Closure of the skin and closure of internal layers using the following materials:</p>
|
|
<p>Suture materials:
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l387"><li id="ch4.lt862" class="half_rhythm"><div>Traditional sutures including coated polyglactin sutures</div></li><li id="ch4.lt863" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated and impregnated sutures (including triclosan coated sutures)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt864" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures (including polydioxanone and polyglyconate monofilament)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt865" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-absorbable sutures, including polypropylene and polyamide monofilament</div></li></ul></p>
|
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<p>Non-suture materials:
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|
<ul id="ch4.l388"><li id="ch4.lt866" class="half_rhythm"><div>Staples</div></li><li id="ch4.lt867" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tissue adhesives (including butylcyanoacrylate and octylcyanoarcylate)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt868" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adhesive tapes</div></li></ul></p>
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<p>Closure of the skin and internal layers using the following techniques:
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<ul id="ch4.l389"><li id="ch4.lt869" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continuous suturing (including subcuticular suturing, running closure, running lock suturing and purse string suturing)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt870" class="half_rhythm"><div>Interrupted suturing (including simple sutures, vertical mattress and horizontal mattress)</div></li></ul></p>
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<p>
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<b>Comparator:</b>
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</p>
|
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<p>For skin closure and closure of the internal layers:
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<ul id="ch4.l390"><li id="ch4.lt871" class="half_rhythm"><div>Absorbable antibacterial coated and impregnated sutures compared to traditional sutures</div></li><li id="ch4.lt872" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other absorbable sutures versus traditional sutures</div></li><li id="ch4.lt873" class="half_rhythm"><div>Staples compared with sutures</div></li><li id="ch4.lt874" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tissues adhesives compared with adhesive tapes</div></li></ul></p>
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<p>Comparison of suture techniques:
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<ul id="ch4.l391"><li id="ch4.lt875" class="half_rhythm"><div>Running closure compared with running lock suturing</div></li><li id="ch4.lt876" class="half_rhythm"><div>Simple sutures compared with vertical mattress</div></li><li id="ch4.lt877" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continuous technique compared with interrupted technique.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><b>Outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch4.l392"><li id="ch4.lt878" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection (including SSIs up to 30 days and 1 year) defined using appropriate criteria such as CDC SSI criteria.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt879" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound dehiscence (superficial/partial dehiscence and complete wound dehiscence)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt880" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality post-surgery</div></li><li id="ch4.lt881" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch4.lt882" class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative antibiotic use</div></li><li id="ch4.lt883" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital readmission</div></li><li id="ch4.lt884" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events such as: antimicrobial resistance</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 RCTs</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appj.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trial</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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