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class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK569605_"><span itemprop="name">Prevention and management of hypothermia and shivering</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Caesarean birth</div><p><b>Evidence review C</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 192</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Alliance (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2021 Mar</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-4052-3</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2021.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1"><h2 id="_niceng192er3_s1_">Hypothermia and shivering</h2><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1"><h3>Review question</h3><p>What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</p><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Hypothermia and shivering may be seen in people undergoing surgery and may be due to physical causes, such as exposure of skin in a cool operating theatre, the effects of certain anaesthetic agents, and to the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline. Shivering increases oxygen consumption and therefore may increase the risk of cardiac complications, while hypothermia may adversely affect blood clotting and wound healing. In addition, shivering also has practical consequences, as it makes it difficult to monitor blood pressure using non-invasive methods such as oscillometric blood pressure monitors.</p><p>Complications due to hypothermia are more of a problem for the elderly, and people with pre-existing cardiac disease, while the majority of the population of women having a caesarean birth are young and healthy. There is little evidence of adverse morbidity for mothers and babies due to hypothermia and shivering, but it is known to be unpleasant and may reduce the quality of the birth experience.</p><p>The aim of this review is to identify what procedures can be used to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth.</p></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>Please see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng192er3tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng192er3tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng192er3tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. Summary of the protocol (PICO table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng192er3.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PICO table). </p></div></div><p>For further details, see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng192er3.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3"><h4>Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>
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<u>(2014)</u>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#niceng192er3.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2014 conflicts of interest policy until 31 March 2018. From 1 April 2018, declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2018 <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/about/who-we-are/policies-and-procedures" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">conflicts of interest policy</a>. Those interests declared until April 2018 were reclassified according to NICE’s 2018 conflicts of interest policy (see Register of Interests).</p><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.1"><h5>Clinical evidence</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.1.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Twenty-three studies were included in this review. Twenty-one studies were patient level RCTs, and 2 were cluster RCTs (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9">Duryea 2016</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>). Cluster RCTs were downgraded once for imprecision as they provided insufficient information available for design effect adjustment. One study examined management of shivering (only intervening with women who were shivering, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>), and 22 studies assessed prevention of shivering, with measures administered before or during caesarean birth (CB), whether women were shivering or not.</p><p>Data were grouped by the comparison of interest, and the intervention type:
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<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng192er3tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng192er3tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng192er3.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3tab2">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">FAW: forced air warming; IV: intravenous </p></div></div></p><p>Studies were performed in women with a scheduled/elective/non-emergency caesarean birth, or included any caesarean birth:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Nine studies focused on spinal anaesthesia only (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8">Cobb 2016</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10">Fallis 2006</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref15" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref15">Jorgensen 2000</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19">Roy 2004</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24">Yokoyama 2009</a>).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Five studies focused on epidural anaesthesia only (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5">Chan 1989</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13">Horn 2002</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21">Sutherland 1991</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23">Workhoven 1986</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Five studies focused on combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1">Browning 2013</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22">Woolnough 2009</a>), or “regional” anaesthesia (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9">Duryea 2016</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Four studies included more than one type of anaesthesia: any neuraxial spinal/epidural (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4">Chakladar 2014</a>) or spinal or combined (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16">Munday 2018</a>, unspecified: <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies examined shivering and hypothermia in women having a caesarean birth with general anaesthesia, though 5 studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4">Chakladar 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8">Cobb 2016</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9">Duryea 2016</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>) reported general anaesthetic use or conversion to general anaesthesia where spinal was insufficient or had failed. Conversion was rare (<5% of study participants in studies reporting conversion was necessary). A further 2 studies reported that conversion to general anaesthesia was unnecessary in all women (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22">Woolnough 2009</a>).</div></li></ul></p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#niceng192er3.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng192er3.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.1.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#niceng192er3.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.2"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>A summary of the studies that were included in this review are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng192er3tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3tab3">Table 2</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng192er3tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng192er3tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of included studies." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng192er3.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3tab3">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies. </p></div></div><p>See the full evidence tables in <a href="#niceng192er3.appd">appendix D</a> and the forest plots in <a href="#niceng192er3.appe">appendix E</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.3"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical outcomes included in the evidence review</h5><p>See the clinical evidence profiles (GRADE tables) in <a href="#niceng192er3.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.4"><h5>Economic evidence</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.4.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>A systematic review of the economic literature was conducted but no economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#niceng192er3.appb">appendix B</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.5"><h5>Economic model</h5><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.6"><h5>Evidence statements</h5><p>When subgroups have been assessed, these statements are presented as bullet points below the main comparison</p></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.7"><h5>Active warming measures versus control</h5></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.8"><h5>Comparison 1. Warmed IV fluids versus control</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.8.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.8.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=216) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of hypothermia between the group who received warmed IV fluids and the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.8.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Low quality evidence from 6 RCTs (n=369) shows a clinically important difference between groups, with a lower incidence of shivering in the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Subgroup analysis:</b>
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=255) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between the group who received warmed IV fluids (maintained fluid warming 37–42°C) and the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=30) shows a clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between the groups, with a lower incidence of shivering in the group who received warmed IV fluids (pre-warmed fluids at 37–42°C) compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=44) shows a clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between the groups, with a lower incidence of shivering in the group who received warmed IV fluids (pre-warmed fluids at 30–34°C) compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=40) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between groups who received warmed IV fluids (maintained fluid warming at 36.5°C) compared to control group.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.8.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Low quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=249) shows no clinically important difference in the volume of blood loss between the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Subgroup analysis:</b>
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=149) shows no clinically important difference in estimated blood loss between the group who received warmed IV fluids (maintained fluid warming 37–42°C) compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=60) shows no clinically important difference in estimated blood loss between the group who received warmed IV fluids (pre-warmed fluids at 37–42°C) compared to the control group</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=40) shows no clinically important difference in estimated blood loss between the group who received warmed IV fluids (maintained fluid warming at 36.5°C) compared to control group</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=67) shows no clinically important difference in the need for blood products between the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.8.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.8.2.1"><h5>Maternal (core) temperature change</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=70) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature with less of a fall (change) in core temperature in the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.8.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative</b>: Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=246) shows a clinically important difference in intra-operative maternal temperature between groups, with a higher core temperature in the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Post-op, baseline, and 30 minutes later</b>: Very low and low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=97) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature at these time points with a higher core temperature in the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Post-op, 45 minutes or later</b>: Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=246) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature at these time points with a higher core temperature in the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Post-op, discharge/postpartum:</b> Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=216) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature at these time points with a higher core temperature in the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.8.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=30) shows no clinically important difference in thermal comfort between the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=75) shows a clinically important difference in thermal comfort with a lower incidence of scoring low (<4) on thermal comfort in the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=75) shows no clinically important difference in thermal comfort (incidence of scoring high (>6) on thermal comfort) between the group who received warmed IV fluids compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.8.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.9"><h5>Comparison 2. Forced air warming versus control</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.9.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.9.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=157) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of hypothermia between the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group, overall or for either subgroup (background of no additional warming or background of maintained warmed IV fluids).</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.9.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 6 RCTs (n=242) shows a clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering, with a lower incidence in the forced air warming group compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.9.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (N=147) shows no clinically important difference in estimated blood loss between the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group, overall or for either subgroup (background of no additional warming or background of maintained warmed IV fluids).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.9.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.9.2.1"><h5>Maternal temperature change</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Peri-operative change</b>: Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=30) shows no clinically important difference in rate of change of temperature between the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative change</b>: Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=142) shows no clinically important difference in rate of change of temperature between the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.9.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative, within 30 minutes</b>: Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=127) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature at this time point between the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative, immediately post-delivery</b>: Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=40) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature at this time point between the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative, end of surgery</b>: Very low quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=219) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature at this time point between the groups, with a higher core temperature in the group who received forced air warming group compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Post-op, recovery room, within 15 minutes</b>: Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature at this time point between the groups, with a higher core temperature in the group who received forced air warming group compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.9.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Pre-operative</b>: Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=70) shows a clinically important difference in thermal comfort between groups, with a higher level of thermal comfort in the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative, immediately post-delivery</b>: Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=40) shows a clinically important difference in thermal comfort between groups, with a higher level of thermal comfort in the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative, end of surgery</b>: Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=40) shows a clinically important difference in thermal comfort between groups, with a higher level of thermal comfort in the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Post-operative</b>: Low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (N=110) shows no clinically important difference in thermal comfort between the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group, overall or for either subgroup (post-op discharge or peri-operative)</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.9.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) shows no clinically important difference in wound infection between the group who received forced air warming compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.10"><h5>Comparison 3. Forced air warming + warmed IV fluid versus control</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.10.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.10.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=44) shows a clinically important difference in incidence of hypothermia between the groups, with a lower incidence of hypothermia in the in the group who received forced air warming and warmed IV fluid compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.10.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative</b>: Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=44) shows no clinically important difference in shivering between group who received forced air warming and warmed IV fluid compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Post-operative</b>: Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=44) shows no clinically important difference in shivering between group who received forced air warming and warmed IV fluid compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.10.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=44) shows no clinically important difference in estimated blood loss between group who received forced air warming and warmed IV fluid compared to the control group, based on the wide inter-quartile range (IQR) in both groups.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.10.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.10.2.1"><h5>Rate of change of temperature (maternal temperature change)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.10.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative/recovery room, baseline</b>: Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=44) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature at these time points between groups, with a higher core temperature in the group who received forced air warming and warmed IV fluid compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.10.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Post-op/recovery room, discharge</b>: Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=44) shows no clinically important difference in thermal comfort between group who received forced air warming and warmed IV fluid compared to the control group, based on the wide IQR in both groups</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.10.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.11"><h5>Comparison 4. Warmed mattress/under-body pad versus control</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.11.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.11.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=357) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of hypothermia between the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Subgroup analysis:</b>
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Undefined time point:</b> Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=204) shows a clinically important difference in the incidence of hypothermia between groups, with a lower incidence of hypothermia in the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Postpartum:</b> Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=153) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of hypothermia between the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.11.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=116) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.11.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=241) shows no clinically important difference in estimated blood loss between the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.11.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.11.2.1"><h5>Rate of change of temperature (maternal temperature change)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.11.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Intra-operative</b>: Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=357) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature between groups, with a higher core temperature in the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Subgroup analysis:</b>
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>First 30 minutes:</b> Moderate quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=204) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Anytime in operating room</b>: Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=153) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the groups, with a higher core temperature in the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Intra-op, recovery room, baseline</b>: very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=204) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Post-op, recovery room:</b> Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=241) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Post-op, postpartum:</b> Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=153) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the groups, with a higher core temperature in the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.11.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.11.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=88) shows no clinically important difference in wound infections between the group who received a warmed mattress/under-body pad compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.12"><h5>Active warming measures versus other active warming</h5></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.13"><h5>Comparison 5. Forced air warming versus warmed IV fluids</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.13.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.13.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.13.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=30) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between the group who received forced air warming compared to the group who received warmed IV fluids.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.13.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=30) shows no clinically important difference in estimated blood loss between the group who received forced air warming compared to the group who received warmed IV fluids.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.13.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.13.2.1"><h5>Maternal temperature change</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative, 45 minutes post-intervention:</b> Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=30) shows no clinically important difference in rate of change of temperature between the group who received forced air warming compared to the group who received warmed IV fluids.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.13.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.13.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=30) shows no clinically important difference in thermal comfort between the group who received forced air warming compared to the group who received warmed IV fluids.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.13.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.14"><h5>Comparison 6. Forced air warming versus mattress warming</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.14.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.14.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of hypothermia between the group who received forced air warming compared to the group who received mattress warming.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.14.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.14.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) shows no clinically important difference in estimated blood loss between the group who received forced air warming compared to the group who received mattress warming.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.14.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.14.2.1"><h5>Rate of change of temperature (maternal temperature change)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.14.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Pre-operative, 15 minutes post-anaesthetic</b>: Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the group who received forced air warming compared to the group who received mattress warming.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Intra-operative, recovery room, baseline</b>: Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the group who received forced air warming compared to the group who received mattress warming.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Post-operative, recovery room, after 15 minutes:</b> Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature between groups, with a higher core temperature in the group who received forced air warming compared to the group who received mattress warming.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.14.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.14.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) shows no clinically important difference in wound infections between the group who received forced air warming compared to the group who received mattress warming.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.15"><h5>Comparison 7. Warmed mattress/under body pad versus other warming (not control/ usual care)</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.15.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.15.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT and 1 cluster RCT (n=412) shows a clinically important difference in incidence of hypothermia between groups, with a lower incidence of hypothermia in the warmed mattress group compared to other warming group.</div><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Subgroup analysis:</b>
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 cluster RCT (n=262) shows a clinically important difference in the incidence of hypothermia between the groups, with a lower incidence of hypothermia in the warmed mattress group compared to other warming group, for the subgroup where the other warming group used warmed IV fluids, tinfoil hats, and warmed blankets.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=150) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of hypothermia between the groups, for the subgroup where the other warming group used warmed IV fluids only.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.15.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.15.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=150) shows no clinically important difference in estimated blood loss between the warmed mattress group compared to other warming group.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.15.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.15.2.1"><h5>Rate of change of temperature (maternal temperature change)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.15.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Intra-operative</b>: Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT and 1 cluster RCT (n=412) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the warmed mattress group compared to other warming group.</div><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Subgroup analysis:</b>
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 cluster RCT (n=262) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the groups, with a higher core temperature in the warmed mattress group compared to other warming, for the subgroup where the other warming group used warmed IV fluids, tinfoil hats, and warmed blankets.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=150) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the warmed mattress group compared to other warming group, for the subgroup where the other warming group used warmed IV fluids only.</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Post-operative, recovery room</b>: very low quality evidence from 1 RCT and 1 cluster RCT (n=634) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the warmed mattress group compared to other warming group, overall or in either subgroup.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Post-operative, postpartum</b>: Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=150) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature between the warmed mattress group compared to other warming group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.15.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.15.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 cluster RCT (n=484) shows no clinically important difference in wound infection between the warmed mattress group compared to other warming group.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.16"><h5>Thermal insulation measures</h5></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.17"><h5>Comparison 8. Higher versus lower ambient temperature</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.17.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.17.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 cluster RCT (n=791) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of hypothermia between the higher ambient temperature group compared to the lower ambient temperature group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.17.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.17.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.17.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.17.2.1"><h5>Rate of change of temperature (maternal temperature change)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.17.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.17.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.17.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 cluster RCT (n=791) shows no clinically important difference in wound infection between the higher ambient temperature group compared to the lower ambient temperature group.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.18"><h5>Pharmacological therapy</h5></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.19"><h5>Comparison 9. 5-HT3 antagonist versus control</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.19.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.19.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.19.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=116) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between the group receiving a 5-HT3 antagonist and the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=116) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering reaching a maximum value of 2–4 between the group receiving a 5-HT3 antagonist and the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.19.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.19.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.19.2.1"><h5>Rate of change of temperature (maternal temperature change)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.19.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.19.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.19.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.20"><h5>Comparison 10. Opioid-like analgesic (pethidine) versus other opioid (morphine)</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.20.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.20.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.20.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=119) shows a clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between the groups, with a lower incidence of shivering in the pethidine group compared to the morphine group.</div><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Subgroup analysis:</b>
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=59) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between pethidine group compared to the morphine group, for the subgroup who received 10mg pethidine compared to 0.1mg morphine</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=60) shows no clinically important in the incidence of shivering between pethidine group compared to the morphine group, for the subgroup who received 10mg pethidine compared to 0.2mg morphine</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.20.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.20.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.20.2.1"><h5>Rate of change of temperature (maternal temperature change)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.20.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.20.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.20.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.21"><h5>Comparison 11a. Opioid-like analgesic versus control <u>for prevention</u></h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.21.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.21.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.21.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=313) shows a clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between groups, with a lower incidence of shivering in the opioid-like analgesic group compared to the control group.</div><div class="half_rhythm"><b>Subgroup analysis:</b>
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=94) shows a clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between groups, with a lower incidence of shivering in the opioid-like analgesic group compared to the control group, for the sub-group receiving 25mg pethidine.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=60) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering in the opioid-like analgesic group compared to the control group, for the sub-group receiving 10mg pethidine.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=40) shows a clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering between groups, with a lower incidence of shivering in the opioid-like analgesic group compared to the control group, for the sub-group receiving 0.2mg/kg meperidine.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=59) shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering in the opioid-like analgesic group compared to the control group, for the sub-group receiving 0.1mg morphine.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=60 shows no clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering in the opioid-like analgesic group compared to the control group, for the sub-group receiving 0.2mg morphine.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.21.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.21.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.21.2.1"><h5>Rate of change of temperature (maternal temperature change)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.21.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.21.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.21.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22"><h5>Comparison 11b. Opioid-like analgesic (meperidine) versus control <u>for management</u></h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22.1.1"><h5>Incidence of hypothermia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22.1.2"><h5>Incidence of shivering</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>At 2, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes post infusion</b>: Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=40) shows a clinically important difference in the incidence of shivering at these time points between groups, with a lower incidence of shivering in the meperidine group compared to the control group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22.1.3"><h5>Estimated blood loss</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22.2.1"><h5>Rate of change of temperature (maternal temperature change)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22.2.2"><h5>Maternal temperature at different time points</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>At 2 and 5 minutes post infusion:</b> Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=40) shows no clinically important difference in maternal temperature at these time points between the meperidine group and the control group.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>At 15, 30, and 60 minutes post infusion</b>: Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=40) shows a clinically important difference in maternal temperature at these time points between groups, with a higher core temperature in the control group compared to meperidine group.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22.2.3"><h5>Thermal comfort</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22.2.4"><h5>Wound infection</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was available for this outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.22.3"><h5>Economic evidence statements</h5><p>No economic evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.23"><h5>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.23.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.23.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The incidence of hypothermia and shivering were considered to be the critical outcomes for this review as these were the symptoms of interest. Hypothermia may adversely affect clotting and so estimated blood loss was also considered to be critical outcome.</p><p>Hypothermia may also impair wound healing and so wound infection was an important outcome. Maternal temperature and rate of change of temperature were considered important as they would indicate if the prevention or management of hypothermia had been successful. Finally, as hypothermia and shivering are reported by women as impairing their experience of childbirth, thermal comfort was selected as an important outcome.</p></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.23.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The quality of evidence for this review was assessed using GRADE.</p><p>For active warming measures, the evidence was very low to moderate quality with only one outcome (from a small single study) in one comparison deemed high quality (thermal comfort score<4, n=75, comparison 1). The evidence for thermal insulation measures and pharmacological therapy was assessed as very low to low quality for all outcomes of interest.</p><p>Quality was largely downgraded for imprecision (wide confidence intervals), and unclear or high risk of bias across multiple domains (blinding of participants/personnel, and outcomes).</p></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.23.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>The committee discussed the potential causes of shivering and hypothermia during a caesarean birth, which may in part be due to the effects of the epidural or spinal anaesthesia. As the majority (up to 99% of elective and 97% of emergency caesarean births) are performed under regional anaesthesia, some complications such as shivering and thermal discomfort are evident in both the intra-operative and post-operative period. The committee noted that the incidence of hypothermia and shivering had decreased since the introduction of drapes which collected the amniotic fluid and so reduced the quantity of wet drapes that were in contact with the woman’s skin.</p><p>The committee noted that there were already existing NICE guidelines on Hypothermia: prevention and management in adults having surgery (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref17" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref17">NICE CG65, 2008</a>), and that this guideline provides guidance on the importance of avoiding peri-operative hypothermia to reduce the risk of postoperative complications, such as increased perioperative blood loss, longer post-anaesthetic recovery, postoperative shivering, thermal discomfort, morbid cardiac events including arrhythmia, altered drug metabolism, increased risk of wound infection, reduced patient satisfaction with the surgical experience, and longer stay in hospital. The committee discussed the differences between caesarean birth and general surgery populations, and noted that the risk of some of these adverse effects was reduced in women undergoing caesarean birth as they were usually younger, fitter and healthier than the general surgical population. In particular, the committee noted that the incidence of wound infection was low after caesarean birth, and so it may be difficult to see a difference in wound infection rates due to interventions for shivering and hypothermia.</p><p>The committee then discussed the evidence regarding the efficacy of different approaches to prevent hypothermia and reduce the risk of complications in women having a caesarean birth.</p><p>The evidence showed that none of the interventions reduced estimated blood loss. However, the committee agreed that if major obstetric haemorrhage occurs, maternal hypothermia can be a factor in impairing the function of coagulation proteins. It is therefore useful to maintain core temperature in women undergoing caesarean birth (particularly those at increased risk of post-partum haemorrhage) to minimise the risk of coagulopathy.</p><p>Similarly, none of the warming methods reduced the incidence of wound infection. However, the committee noted that the incidence of wound infection in the studies was very low (1/791 in <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9">Duryea 2016</a> and 5/484 in <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>) so the trials were unlikely to have been powered to detect a difference.</p><p>The committee noted that each method of active warming showed benefit compared to usual care (control) in the incidence of shivering and hypothermia, or in maternal temperature or thermal comfort. The comparisons of different active warming measures with each other showed that there were few significant differences between groups. Active warming measures showed benefit with regards to thermal comfort when they were applied intra-operatively, with fewer differences postoperatively when the active warming had been removed.</p><p>The committee noted that current NICE guideline for general surgical procedures recommend forced air warming measures when the procedure is longer than 30 minutes. The committee agreed that all caesarean births fulfil this criterion, and discussed that if they made recommendations consistent with general surgical guidelines, this would mean that all women undergoing caesarean birth would receive forced air warming. However, the committee again noted the physiological differences between women having a caesarean birth and the general surgical population – pregnant women retain heat more effectively, likely due to their comparatively young age and better health (for example, fewer comorbidities). Thus using additional warming before the woman experiences a drop in core temperature or initiation of shivering may not be necessary, and even though the majority of the evidence was for the prevention of hypothermia and shivering, not for management, the committee agreed that they would expect forced air warming methods to work well for management and so recommended its use for women who develop shivering or hypothermia. The committee agreed that a temperature of less than 36°C was an appropriate threshold used to define a patient who was hypothermic and at which there was an increased risk of adverse effects due to a reduced body temperature. This was also the threshold used in the NICE guideline for general surgical procedures and so the committee set this as the temperature threshold at which forced air warming should be commenced.</p><p>The use of warmed IV fluids alone or when in combination with another active warming measure (for example, forced air warming), was beneficial when compared to standard care/unwarmed fluids. Again, the committee noted that the current NICE guideline for general surgical procedures recommends warmed intravenous fluids and blood products if the volume is greater than 500 ml. The committee discussed the fact that women may receive small volume infusions (for example, antibiotics or analgesics) and these would not need warming, but agreed that all larger volumes could have a cooling effect if administered unwarmed. The committee noted that the studies included in the review used a variety of different methods to warm IV fluids – some used a warming cabinet, some used an in-line warmer, and 1 study used a combination of both. The committee therefore chose to not specify exactly which method should be used to warm IV fluids, and noted that this was the same as the recommendation in the NICE guideline for general surgical procedures which does not state the method to be used. The committee also noted that the studies warmed fluids to a variety of temperatures, but agreed that fluids should normally be warmed and administered at body temperature of 37°C. The committee discussed that there was no evidence from this review for the warming of irrigation fluids where used, but that this is considered best practice in all surgery, and is recommended in the NICE guideline for general surgical procedures. The committee therefore agreed to adopt the recommendation from this guideline for the prevention of shivering and hypothermia in women having a caesarean birth. The temperature range of 38°C to 40°C was also adopted from this guideline and the committee agreed that this was in accordance with their clinical experience, as irrigation fluids were warmed in a cabinet, and then removed for administration, so would cool down to 37°C by the time they were administered.</p><p>The committee discussed the availability of the various active warming measures assessed in the review and agreed that mattress warming/under-body pads were not widely used or available, would have to remain in the surgical suite, and had issues around cleaning and reusability. Forced air warming used disposable ‘blankets’ into which hot air could be blown, and could be utilised at multiple stages of the procedure, travelling with the woman into recovery and onto the ward if appropriate. The committee therefore recommended forced air warming and noted that this was in line with the recommendations in the current NICE guideline for general surgical procedures.</p><p>The evidence showed there was no benefit from the higher ambient temperature compared to the lower ambient temperature (thermal insulation) in the prevention of shivering and hypothermia, However, the committee agreed that the small (3°C) difference between 20°C and 23°C room temperature in the study was insufficient to make a difference to outcomes, and they routinely maintain temperatures above this during most surgical procedures already, and so did not make a recommendation.</p><p>The evidence for pharmacological interventions showed a benefit of opioids (pethidine/meperidine) to prevent and manage shivering, and this was the only comparison that looked specifically at the management of hypothermia and shivering as opposed to primary prevention. Intravenous pethidine (50 mg, immediately post-delivery) was used in women having a caesarean birth under epidural anaesthesia with lidocaine and adrenaline. This significantly reduced the incidence and severity of shivering without increasing the incidence of nausea or need for anti-emetics. The incidence of shivering in the control group was high (87%), which was attributed to the cold operating theatre and rapid infusion of cold solutions. The committee noted that there was a higher incidence of shivering but a lower incidence of hypothermia in the control group of women who were already shivering, but discussed that this may be due to the fact that the act of shivering raises core temperature, and so administering of the opioid reduced shivering but then led to a lower body temperature compared to the control group.</p><p>The committee considered the use of opioids as a second line treatment (following the implementation of active warming measures if this was ineffective). However, after further discussion they agreed that despite the evidence for opioids (pethidine) in both prevention and management of shivering and hypothermia, its use during a caesarean birth would negatively impact the woman’s ability to breastfeed in the hours after birth, and consequently they did not make a recommendation to use opioids. The committee also noted that although pethidine was the only intervention assessed for use in management once hypothermia and shivering occurs, this evidence was from one small study conducted in the 1980s.</p><p>The evidence for the 5-HT3 antagonist (ondansetron) showed no benefit in preventing shivering and the committee considered whether to make a recommendation highlighting the fact it should not be used for this purpose. However, the committee decided not to make a ‘do not use’ recommendation as ondansetron is used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting, so having a recommendation that it should not be used could be confusing for healthcare professionals.</p><p>The committee agreed that one of the main benefits of measures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering, such as use of forced air warming, was that it made the woman more comfortable and improved their birth experience, and that this was important to take into account.</p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.23.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>The committee discussed the cost implications of hypothermia and shivering, and noted that current practice is to retain the woman in the recovery ward if she is still shivering or has a core temperature below 36°C (hypothermia), so effective prevention and management of hypothermia and shivering may allow women to return to the postnatal ward earlier which would reduce resource use.</p><p>The committee noted that the cost-benefit analysis in the NICE guideline for the general surgical population had found that the expenditure on devices that were proven to prevent hypothermia was cost effective due to the reduction in wound infections. However, as noted above the rate of wound infection after caesarean birth is low, and no reduction in wound infection had been seen in this population.</p><p>The committee discussed the cost of the forced air warming blankets which were approximately £15 to £25 each, and recognised that even if the blankets were only used in women who were shivering or hypothermic, and not as prevention, there may be some cost implications to the NHS, depending on local current practice. However, they also noted that the number of women who would require warming would be a relatively low proportion of those having a caesarean birth as the room temperature is kept warm and warmed IV and irrigations fluids are used.</p><p>The committee agreed that warming of IV fluids and blood during infusion and warming irrigation fluids in a warming cabinet prior to administration is already standard practice.</p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.rl.r1"><h5>References</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1"><p id="p-549">
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</p>Paris, L. G., Seitz, M., McElroy, K. G., Regan, M., A randomized controlled trial to improve outcomes utilizing various warming techniques during cesarean birth, JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 43, 719–28, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25316112" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25316112</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19"><p id="p-567">
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<strong>Roy 2004</strong>
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</p>Roy, J. D., Girard, M., Drolet, P., Intrathecal meperidine decreases shivering during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia, 98, 230–4, table of contents, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14693625" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14693625</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20"><p id="p-568">
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<strong>Smith 2000</strong>
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</p>Smith, Charles E, Fisgus, John R, Kan, Margaret, Lengen, Sarah K, Myles, Clifford, Jacobs, Dennis, Choi, Emil, Bolden, Norman, Pinchak, Alfred C, Hagen, Joan F, Original Studies-Efficacy of IV Fluid Warming in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section With Regional Anesthesia-Does warming IV fluids result in higher core temperatures and less intraoperative, American Journal of Anesthesiology, 27, 84–88, 2000</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21"><p id="p-569">
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<strong>Sutherland 1991</strong>
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</p>Sutherland, J., Seaton, H., Lowry, C., The influence of epidural pethidine on shivering during lower segment caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia, Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 19, 228–32, 1991 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2069245" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2069245</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22"><p id="p-570">
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<strong>Woolnough 2009</strong>
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</p>Woolnough,M., Allam,J., Hemingway,C., Cox,M., Yentis,S.M., Intra-operative fluid warming in elective caesarean section: a blinded randomised controlled trial, International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 18, 346–351, 2009 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19665366" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19665366</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23"><p id="p-571">
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<strong>Workhoven 1986</strong>
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</p>Workhoven, M. N., Intravenous fluid temperature, shivering, and the parturient, Anesthesia & Analgesia, 65, 496–8, 1986 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963436" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3963436</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24"><p id="p-572">
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<strong>Yokoyama 2009</strong>
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</p>Yokoyama,K., Suzuki,M., Shimada,Y., Matsushima,T., Bito,H., Sakamoto,A., Effect of administration of pre-warmed intravenous fluids on the frequency of hypothermia following spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery, Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 21, 242–248, 2009 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19502035" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19502035</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng192er3.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appa.s1"><h4>Review protocol for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><p id="niceng192er3.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 3. Review protocol for hypothermia and shivering</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appb.s1"><h4>Literature search strategies for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><div id="niceng192er3.appb.s1.1"><h5>Review question search strategies</h5><div id="niceng192er3.appb.s1.1.1"><h5>Databases: Medline; Medline EPub Ahead of Print; and Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appbtab1" class="figpopup">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appb.s1.1.2"><h5>Databases: Embase; and Embase Classic</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appbtab2" class="figpopup">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appb.s1.1.3"><h5>Databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appbtab3" class="figpopup">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appb.s1.2"><h5>Health economics search strategies</h5><div id="niceng192er3.appb.s1.2.1"><h5>Databases: Medline; Medline EPub Ahead of Print; and Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appbtab4" class="figpopup">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appb.s1.2.2"><h5>Databases: Embase; and Embase Classic</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appbtab5" class="figpopup">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appb.s1.2.3"><h5>Database: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appbtab6" class="figpopup">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</a></p></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence study selection</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appc.s1"><h4>Clinical study selection for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><p id="niceng192er3.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Study selection flow chart</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appd.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><p id="niceng192er3.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 4. Clinical evidence tables for hypothermia and shivering</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 995K)</span></p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s1"><h4>Forest plots for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><p>This section includes forest plots only for outcomes that are meta-analysed. Outcomes from single studies are not presented here, but the quality assessment for these outcomes is provided in the GRADE profiles in <a href="#niceng192er3.appf">appendix F</a>.</p><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s1.1"><h5>Active warming measures versus control</h5></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s2"><h4>Comparison 1. Warmed IV fluids versus control</h4><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s2.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig1" class="figpopup">1.1. Incidence of hypothermia</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig2" class="figpopup">1.2. Incidence of shivering</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig3" class="figpopup">1.3. Estimated blood loss</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s2.2"><h5>Important outomes</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig4" class="figpopup">1.5. Maternal (core) temperature change</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig5" class="figpopup">1.6. Maternal temp (intra-op)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig6" class="figpopup">1.7. Maternal temp (post-op, baseline)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig7" class="figpopup">1.8. Maternal temp (post-op, 30 mins)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig8" class="figpopup">1.9. Maternal temp (post-op, recovery room, 45+ mins)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig9" class="figpopup">1.10. Maternal temp (post-op, discharge/postpartum)</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s3"><h4>Comparison 2. Forced air warming versus control</h4><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s3.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig10" class="figpopup">2.1. Incidence of hypothermia</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig11"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig11" class="figpopup">2.2. Incidence of shivering</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig12"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig12" class="figpopup">2.3. Estimated blood loss</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s3.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig13"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig13" class="figpopup">2.5. Maternal temp change (intra-op change)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig14"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig14" class="figpopup">2.6. Maternal temp (intra-op, within 30mins)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig15"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig15" class="figpopup">2.8. Maternal temp (intra-op, end of surgery)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig16"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig16" class="figpopup">2.10. Thermal comfort (pre-op)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig17"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig17" class="figpopup">2.13. Thermal comfort (post-op)</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s4"><h4>Comparison 4. Warmed mattress/under-body pad versus control</h4><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s4.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig18"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig18" class="figpopup">4.1. Incidence of hypothermia</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig19"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig19" class="figpopup">4.3. Estimated blood loss</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s4.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig20"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig20" class="figpopup">4.4. Maternal temp (intra-op)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig21"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig21" class="figpopup">4.5. Maternal temp (recovery room, baseline)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig22"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig22" class="figpopup">4.6. Maternal temp (post-op, recovery room)</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s5"><h4>Active warming measures versus other active warming</h4></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s6"><h4>Comparison 7. Warmed mattress/under-body pad vs other warming</h4><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s6.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig23"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig23" class="figpopup">7.1. Incidence of hypothermia</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s6.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig24"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig24" class="figpopup">7.3. Maternal temp (intra-op)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig25"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig25" class="figpopup">7.4. Maternal temp (post op, recovery room)</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s6.3"><h5>Pharmacological therapy</h5></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s7"><h4>Comparison 10. Opioid-like analgesic (pethidine) vs other opioid (morphine)</h4><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s7.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig26"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig26" class="figpopup">10.1. Incidence of shivering</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s8"><h4>Comparison 11a. Opioid-like analgesic vs control for <u>prevention</u></h4><div id="niceng192er3.appe.s8.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appe.fig27"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appe.fig27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appefig27" class="figpopup">11a.1. Incidence of shivering</a></p></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appf.s1"><h4>GRADE tables for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><div id="niceng192er3.appf.s1.1"><h5>Active warming measures versus control</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab1" class="figpopup">Comparison 1. Warmed IV fluids versus control</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab2" class="figpopup">Comparison 2. Forced air warming versus control</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab3" class="figpopup">Comparison 3. Forced air warming (FAW) + warmed IV fluid versus control</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab4" class="figpopup">Comparison 4. Warmed mattress/under-body pad versus control</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appf.s1.2"><h5>ACTIVE WARMING MEASURES VERSUS OTHER ACTIVE WARMING</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab5" class="figpopup">Comparison 5. Forced air warming versus warmed IV fluids</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab6" class="figpopup">Comparison 6. Forced air warming versus mattress warming</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab7" class="figpopup">Comparison 7. Warmed mattress/under body pad versus other warming CLUSTER</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appf.s1.3"><h5>Thermal insulation measures</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab8" class="figpopup">Comparison 8. Higher versus lower ambient temperature</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appf.s1.4"><h5>Pharmacological therapy</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab9" class="figpopup">Comparison 9. 5-HT3 antagonist versus control</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab10" class="figpopup">Comparison 10. Opioid-like analgesic (pethidine) versus other opioid (morphine)</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab11" class="figpopup">Comparison 11a. Opioid-like analgesic versus control FOR PREVENTION</a></p><p id="niceng192er3.appf.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appftab12" class="figpopup">Comparison 11b. Opioid-like analgesic (Pethidine) versus control FOR MANAGEMENT</a></p></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appg.s1"><h4>Economic evidence study selection for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><p>No evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question.</p><p id="niceng192er3.appg.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK569605/figure/niceng192er3.appg.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appgfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Study selection flow chart</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><div id="niceng192er3.apph.s1"><h4>Economic evidence tables for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><p>No evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Economic evidence profiles</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appi.s1"><h4>Economic evidence profiles for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><p>No evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question</p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Economic analysis</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appj.s1"><h4>Economic evidence analysis for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><p>No economic analysis was conducted for this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appk.s1"><h4>Excluded studies for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><div id="niceng192er3.appk.s1.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><p id="niceng192er3.appk.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng192er3appktab1" class="figpopup">Table 5. Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</a></p></div><div id="niceng192er3.appk.s1.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng192er3.appl"><h3>Appendix L. Research recommendations</h3><div id="niceng192er3.appl.s1"><h4>Research recommendations for review question: What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</h4><p>No research recommendations were made for this review question.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence review</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Alliance which is a part of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2021.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK569605</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33877754" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">33877754</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3tab1"><div id="niceng192er3.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>For <b><u>prevention</u></b> of hypothermia/shivering: All women having a caesarean birth</p>
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<p>For <b><u>management</u></b> of hypothermia/shivering: Women having a caesarean birth who are identified as having hypothermia and/or shivering
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>include any of the different modes of anaesthesia (general anaesthesia/epidural anaesthesia/spinal anaesthesia)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>include any type of caesarean birth (emergency or planned)</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Active warming measures (a process that transfers heat to the patient)
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>forced air warming</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>electric blanket</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>radiant heater</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>warmed cotton blankets</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>fluid warming including
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<dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">(IV) fluid warmers (including blood/blood products)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">other methods of fluid warming</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>heating pad</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal insulation measures
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>leg wrapping</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>compression boots</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>room temperature</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>reflective (“space”) blankets</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacological therapy
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>used to reduce heat redistribution (e.g. vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine, metaraminol, noradrenaline/norepinephrine)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>other post-delivery drugs</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>pethidine</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Each of the interventions outlined above</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No treatment/usual care</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Incidence of hypothermia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li></ul>
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<b>Important outcomes</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Rate of change of temperature/ maternal temperature change (increase or decrease)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temperature at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound infection</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3tab2"><div id="niceng192er3.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ACTIVE WARMING MEASURES (TRANSFER HEAT TO PATIENT) versus CONTROL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1. Warmed IV fluids versus control</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5">Chan 1989</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref15" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref15">Jorgensen 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22">Woolnough 2009</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23">Workhoven 1986</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24">Yokoyama 2009</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2. FAW versus control</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10">Fallis 2006</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13">Horn 2002</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16">Munday 2018</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3. FAW + warmed IV fluids versus control</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8">Cobb 2016</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4. Mattress warming versus control</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4">Chakladar 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ACTIVE WARMING MEASURES versus OTHER ACTIVE WARMING</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5. FAW versus warmed IV fluids</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6. FAW versus mattress warming</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7. Mattress warming versus other warming</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_9_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">THERMAL INSULATION MEASURES</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8. Higher (23oC) versus lower (20oC) ambient temperature</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9">Duryea 2016</a></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_11_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9. 5-HT3 antagonist versus control</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1">Browning 2013</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10. Pethidine versus morphine (opioid versus opioid)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11a. Opioid versus control (prevention)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19">Roy 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21">Sutherland 1991</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11b. Opioid versus control (management)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">FAW: forced air warming; IV: intravenous</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3tab3"><div id="niceng192er3.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1">Browning 2013</a>
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</p>
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<p>RCT</p>
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<p>Australia</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Scheduled for elective CB
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=118 ondansetron</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=60 control</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Intervention (ondansetron 8mg)</p>
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<p>versus</p>
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<p>saline placebo</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Combined spinal-epidural</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>
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</p>
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<p>RCT</p>
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<p>USA</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Scheduled for CB
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=15 forced air-warming unit</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=15 control</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Intervention (forced air warming – lower body, 43°C)</p>
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<p>versus</p>
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<p>placebo cover (warmer switched off)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypothermia (incidence)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp change</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal or epidural</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>
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</p>
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<p>RCT</p>
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<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=46 studied overall (23 per group);</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=40 treated for shivering</div></li></ul>
|
|
(20 per group)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: intravenous meperidine 50 mg</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>control IV 0.9% saline</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Management</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Epidural</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Of the 46 observed, only 40 were analysed as they were treated for shivering.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4">Chakladar 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Elective CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=59 mattress warming</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=60 control</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention (mattress warmer set at 40°C)</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>placebo mattress (identical with warmer switched off)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypothermia (incidence)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal or epidural</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5">Chan 1989</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Elective CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=21 warmed group</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=19 control group</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: IV fluid warmer (36.5°C) + cleansers warmed (42°C) + extra gowns/socks/blankets</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>control: unwarmed fluids, with single hospital gown</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp change</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Epidural</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Elective CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=44 standard care (IV fluid warming group)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=44 forced air-warming</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=44 conduction mattress warming</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Standard care (inc warmed IV fluids)</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>Conduction mattress warming</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>Forced air warming (38°C)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypothermia (incidence)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound infection</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>3-arm trial;</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>All participants received warmed IV fluid, delivered through a fluid warmer set to 40°C</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>South Korea</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Elective CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=15 fluid warming</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=15 forced air-warming</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=15 standard care</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Fluid warming (warming cabinet 40°C)</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>Forced air warming (upper body at 43°C)</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>Control (no additional warming/stan dard care)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp change</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>3-arm trial</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8">Cobb 2016</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Scheduled CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=23 warmed IV fluid and forced air-warming</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=23 no warming</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: received IV fluid warmed to 41ºC through a fluid warmer + air-warming blanket (lower body)</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>no warming (blanket provided but not switched on)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9">Duryea 2016</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Cluster RCT</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CB in high risk labour ward
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=419 lower ambient temp 20°C</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=406 higher ambient temp 23°C</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Operating room temperature was set at either 20°C or 23°C</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypothermia (incidence)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound infection</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Regional</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10">Fallis 2006</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Elective CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=32 forced air-warming group</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=30 standard care</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Forced air warming (upper body) 43 C</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>standard care (warmed cotton blankets)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp change</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Cluster RCT</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Any CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=243 warming mattress</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=241 standard care</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Warming mattress set to 37°C</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>standard care (tinfoil hat + warmed blankets + warmed IV fluids</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypothermia (incidence)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound infection</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Unspecified (results state 3% had general anaesthetic)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>South Korea</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Elective CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=30 control (B)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=30 (BM0.1)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=30 (BM0.2)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=30 (BP)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Control (B) group: 8–10mg of 0.5% bupivacaine</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>BM0.1: 0.1mg morphine</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>BM0.2: 0.2mg morphine</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>BP: 10mg pethidine</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Combined spinal-epidural</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>4-arm trial;</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>All groups used 8–10mg of 0.5% bupivacaine</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Germany</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Any CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=19 active forced-air warming</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=21 control</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Forced air cover (upper body) 44°C</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>control (warmed blanket from 40°C heating cabinet)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypothermia (incidence)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13">Horn 2002</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Any CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=15 forced-air heating</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=15 control</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Forced air cover (upper body) “high”</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>Control (single cotton blanket).</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Epidural</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref15" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref15">Jorgensen 2000</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Denmark</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Any CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n= 60 warm saline</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n= 60 control</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Warm saline</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>cold saline</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16">Munday 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Any CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=25 pre-warming</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=25 control</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20mins forced air warming at 43°C</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>control (no warming)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp change</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal or combined spinal-epidural</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=73 warmed IV fluids</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=77 warmed under body pad</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=76 control/usual care</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Warmed IV fluids: IV fluids</p>
|
|
<p>warmed to 41ºC versus foam warming pad at 40.3 C</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>control: standard hospital linens and no warming</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypothermia (incidence)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>3-arm trial</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19">Roy 2004</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-emergency CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=40; 20 per group</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: meperidine (0.2mg/kg)</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>control/placebo: saline (0.2mg/kg)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Both groups received hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.75%; 10.5 mg), morphine 0.15 mg</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Scheduled CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=35 intervention (warmed fluids)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=32 control (room temperature fluids)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Warmed fluids/hotline 42°C</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>control: IV room temp fluids (20–22°C)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypothermia (incidence)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Regional (spinal or epidural)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21">Sutherland 1991</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Any CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=47 pethidine</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=47 control</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: pethidine 25mg</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>control/placebo: saline solution</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Epidural</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22">Woolnough 2009</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Any CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=25 room temperature (control)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=25 cabinet</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=25 hotline</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Room temperature fluids</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>cabinet: pre-warming cabinet at 45°C</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>hotline: continuous IV warming at 42°C</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Combined spinal-epidural</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>3-arm trial</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23">Workhoven 1986</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Any CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=22 warmed IV fluids</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=22 control/room temperature IV fluids</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: Pre-warming cabinet at 30–34°C</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>control: fluids at room temp 20–22°C</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Epidural</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24">Yokoyama 2009</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Japan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Any CB
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=15 warmed fluid group</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>n=15 control</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pre-warmed in cabinet (41°C) + infused through warmer coil</p>
|
|
<p>versus</p>
|
|
<p>Control: stored in room at 25°C</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temp at different time points</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CB: caesarean birth; IV: intravenous; N: number of women; RCT: randomised controlled trial</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appatab1"><div id="niceng192er3.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Review protocol for hypothermia and shivering</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a>)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual review question</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What are the procedures to prevent and manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative periods?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>To identify the most effective methods to prevent hypothermia or shivering from occurring, and the most effective methods to manage hypothermia and shivering in women having a caesarean birth. Interventions will be considered for the pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative periods. The focus of this review is on maternal outcomes, rather than neonatal outcomes.</p>
|
|
<p><u>Background:</u> Shivering increases oxygen consumption dramatically, therefore patients are put at risk of cardiac complications. However, this is more of a problem for the elderly, and people with pre-existing cardiac disease (not common in the obstetric population). Shivering also has practical consequences, as it makes it difficult to monitor blood pressure using non-invasive methods (e.g. oscillometric blood pressure monitors). Hypothermia is a concern as it affects blood clotting and wound healing. In the non-obstetric population, the majority of surgical procedures are carried out under general anaesthesia, which prevents intra-operative shivering and allows the patient to be fully covered to prevent heat loss. The opposite is true for women having caesarean birth where almost all procedures are performed using a regional anaesthetic.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – <b>population</b>/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>For <u>prevention</u> of hypothermia/shivering:</p>
|
|
<p>All women undergoing caesarean birth
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>include any of the different modes of anaesthesia (general anaesthesia/epidural anaesthesia/spinal anaesthesia)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>include any type of caesarean birth (emergency or planned)</div></li></ul>
|
|
For <u>management</u> of hypothermia/shivering</p>
|
|
<p>Women undergoing caesarean birth who are identified as having hypothermia and/or shivering
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>include any of the different modes of anaesthesia (general anaesthesia/epidural anaesthesia/spinal anaesthesia)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>include any type of caesarean birth (emergency or planned)</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – <b>intervention</b>(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Active warming measures (a process that transfers heat to the patient)
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>forced air warming</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>electric blanket</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>radiant heater</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>warmed cotton blankets</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>fluid warming including
|
|
<dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">(IV) fluid warmers (including blood/blood products)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">other methods of fluid warming</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>heating pad</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal insulation measures (for example,
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>leg wrapping</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>compression boots</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>room temperature</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>reflective (“space”) blankets</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacological therapy
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>used to reduce heat redistribution (e.g. vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine, metaraminol, noradrenaline/norepinephrine)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other post-delivery drugs
|
|
<dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Pethidine</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – <b>comparator(s)</b>/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Each of the interventions outlined above</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No treatment/usual care
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>consider other interventions such as cotton sheets, cotton blankets or wool blankets as “usual care”</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Outcomes and prioritisation</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Incidence of hypothermia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shivering</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Estimated blood loss</div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Important outcomes</b>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Rate of change of temperature/ Maternal temperature change (increase or decrease)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Maternal temperature at different time points</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Thermal comfort</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Wound infection</div></li></ul>
|
|
As noted, this question covers three distinct time periods – pre-, peri- and post-operative. There are also three relevant time periods for reporting of outcomes
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>during the pre-operative period (the hour before the start of surgery)
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>includes outcomes reported at induction of anaesthesia (relevant for pre-warming interventions)</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>intra-operative period
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>e.g. 30 minutes into surgery, 60 minutes into surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>includes outcomes reported at end of surgery/transfer to recovery room</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>post-operative period
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>includes up to 24 hours post-surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>first 2 hours post-surgery are the most relevant
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<ul class="square"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If studies report outcomes at multiple time points, only those up to 2 hours post-op will be reported.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study reports post-op outcomes at a time after 2 hours, but within the first 24 hours, then the nearest time point to 2 hours will be reported.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – <b>study design</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Only published full text papers
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic reviews/meta-analyses of RCTs</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>RCTs</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion <b>exclusion criteria</b></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclude conference abstracts</p>
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<p>Exclude studies from developing countries</p>
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<p>Exclude studies where participants are women with sepsis</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed stratified, sensitivity/<b>sub-group analysis</b>, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Subgroup analyses (in case of heterogeneity):</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Different modes of anaesthesia for caesarean birth (general anaesthesia/epidural anaesthesia/spinal anaesthesia/combined spinal epidural)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Women with significant blood loss (i.e. major obstetric haemorrhage)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Women with raised BMI</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate screening/selection/analysis will not be undertaken for this review as this question was not prioritised for it. Included and excluded studies will be cross checked with the committee and with published systematic reviews when available.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>If pairwise meta-analyses are undertaken, they will be performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
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<p>‘GRADE’ will be used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
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<p>STAR will be used for bibliographies/citations and study sifting.</p>
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<p>Microsoft Word will be used for data extraction and quality assessment/critical appraisal</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p><u>Sources to be searched</u>: Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, and Embase.</p>
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<p><u>Limits (e.g. date, study design)</u>: Study design limited to Systematic Reviews and RCTs. Apply standard animal/non-English language filters. No date limit.</p>
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<p><u>Supplementary search techniques</u>: No supplementary search techniques will be used.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No – this is a new review question to be added to the guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Developer: National Guideline Alliance</p>
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<p>
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<a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="KU.GRO.GOCR@seiriuqne-AGN" class="oemail">KU.GRO.GOCR@seiriuqne-AGN</a>
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</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#niceng192er3.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#niceng192er3.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#niceng192er3.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#niceng192er3.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#niceng192er3.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Appraisal of methodological quality:</p>
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<p>The methodological quality of each study will be assessed using an appropriate checklist:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>ROBIS for systematic reviews</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised studies</div></li></ul>
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For details please see section 6.2 of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</p>
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<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence will evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for quantitative analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Synthesis of data:</p>
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<p>Meta-analysis will be conducted where appropriate using Review Manager.</p>
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<p>
|
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<u>Minimum important differences</u>
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</p>
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<p><b>Maternal temperature at different times</b>.</p>
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<p>In line with the NICE guideline on the prevention and management of hypothermia in adults having surgery, a difference of 0.5°C compared to the control group temperature is considered to be clinically significant for a control group temperature above 36°C and a difference of 0.20°C is considered to be clinically significant for control group temperatures below 36°C.</p>
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<p>For other outcomes, default values will be used of: 0.8 and 1.25 for dichotomous outcomes; 0.5 times SD for continuous outcomes, unless more appropriate values are identified by the guideline committee or in the literature.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – what is known</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by the NGA and chaired by Sarah Fishburn in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>Staff from the NGA undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details please see the methods chapter of the full guideline.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The NGA is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The NGA is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds the NGA to develop guidelines for the NHS in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered to PROSPERO</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CDSR: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; CENTRAL: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; DARE: Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; HTA: Health Technology Assessment; NGA: National Guideline Alliance; NHS: National health service; NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; RCT: randomised controlled trial; RoB: risk of bias; SD: standard deviation</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appbtab1"><div id="niceng192er3.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp CESAREAN SECTION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(c?esar#an$ or c section$ or csection$ or (deliver$ adj3 abdom$)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HYPOTHERMIA/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypothermia?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SHIVERING/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">shiver$.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/4–7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 and 8</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 9 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LETTER/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">EDITORIAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEWS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp HISTORICAL ARTICLE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANECDOTES AS TOPIC/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">COMMENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CASE REPORT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/11–18</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 20</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMALS/ not HUMANS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMALS, LABORATORY/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp MODELS, ANIMAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp RODENTIA/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/21–27</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 28</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appbtab2"><div id="niceng192er3.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp CESAREAN SECTION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(c?esar#an$ or c section$ or csection$ or (deliver$ adj3 abdom$)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HYPOTHERMIA/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypothermia?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SHIVERING/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">shiver$.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/4–7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">and 8</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 9 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or LETTER/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CASE REPORT/ or CASE STUDY/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/11–15</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 not 17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMAL/ not HUMAN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NONHUMAN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMAL EXPERIMENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMAL MODEL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp RODENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18–25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 26</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appbtab3"><div id="niceng192er3.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [CESAREAN SECTION] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cesarean* or caesarean* or “c section*” or csection* or (deliver* near/3 abdom*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 or #2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [HYPOTHERMIA] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypothermia*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [SHIVERING] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">shiver*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4 or #5 or #6 or #7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3 and #8</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appbtab4"><div id="niceng192er3.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ECONOMICS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VALUE OF LIFE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ECONOMICS, HOSPITAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ECONOMICS, MEDICAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp RESOURCE ALLOCATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ECONOMICS, NURSING/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ECONOMICS, PHARMACEUTICAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “FEES AND CHARGES”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp BUDGETS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees or expenditure* or saving*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">resourc* allocat*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fund or funds or funding* or funded).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ration or rations or rationing* or rationed).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ec.fs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–20</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp CESAREAN SECTION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(c?esar#an$ or c section$ or csection$ or (deliver$ adj3 abdom$)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22–23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HYPOTHERMIA/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypothermia?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SHIVERING/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">shiver$.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25–28</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 29</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 30 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LETTER/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">EDITORIAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEWS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp HISTORICAL ARTICLE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANECDOTES AS TOPIC/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">COMMENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CASE REPORT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/32–39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 not 41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMALS/ not HUMANS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMALS, LABORATORY/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp MODELS, ANIMAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp RODENTIA/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/42–48</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 not 49</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 and 50</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appbtab5"><div id="niceng192er3.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HEALTH ECONOMICS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ECONOMIC EVALUATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp HEALTH CARE COST/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp FEE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BUDGET/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">FUNDING/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RESOURCE ALLOCATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees or expenditure* or saving*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">resourc* allocat*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fund or funds or funding* or funded).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ration or rations or rationing* or rationed).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–16</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp CESAREAN SECTION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(c?esar#an$ or c section$ or csection$ or (deliver$ adj3 abdom$)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18–19</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HYPOTHERMIA/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypothermia?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SHIVERING/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">shiver$.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/21–24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 and 25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 26 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or LETTER/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CASE REPORT/ or CASE STUDY/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/28–32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 not 34</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMAL/ not HUMAN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NONHUMAN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMAL EXPERIMENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMAL MODEL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp RODENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/35–42</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 not 43</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 and 44</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appbtab6"><div id="niceng192er3.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Date last searched: 22/11/2019</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [ECONOMICS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [VALUE OF LIFE] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [ECONOMICS, HOSPITAL] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [ECONOMICS, MEDICAL] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [RESOURCE ALLOCATION] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [ECONOMICS, NURSING] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [ECONOMICS, PHARMACEUTICAL] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [FEES AND CHARGES] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [BUDGETS] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees or expenditure* or saving*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value near/2 (money or monetary)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">resourc* allocat*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fund or funds or funding* or funded):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ration or rations or rationing* or rationed) .ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13 or #14 or #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [CESAREAN SECTION] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cesarean* or caesarean* or “c section*” or csection* or (deliver* near/3 abdom*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21 or #22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [HYPOTHERMIA] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypothermia*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [SHIVERING] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">shiver*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24 or #25 or #26 or #27</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23 and #28</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20 and #29</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appcfig1"><div id="niceng192er3.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Study%20selection%20flow%20chart.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Study selection flow chart." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Study selection flow chart</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig1"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=1.1.%20Incidence%20of%20hypothermia.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef1.jpg" alt="1.1. Incidence of hypothermia." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">1.1</span><span class="title">Incidence of hypothermia</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig2"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=1.2.%20Incidence%20of%20shivering.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef2.jpg" alt="1.2. Incidence of shivering." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">1.2</span><span class="title">Incidence of shivering</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig3"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=1.3.%20Estimated%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef3.jpg" alt="1.3. Estimated blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">1.3</span><span class="title">Estimated blood loss</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig4"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=1.5.%20Maternal%20(core)%20temperature%20change.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef4.jpg" alt="1.5. Maternal (core) temperature change." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">1.5</span><span class="title">Maternal (core) temperature change</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig5"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=1.6.%20Maternal%20temp%20(intra-op).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef5.jpg" alt="1.6. Maternal temp (intra-op)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">1.6</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (intra-op)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig6"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=1.7.%20Maternal%20temp%20(post-op%2C%20baseline).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef6.jpg" alt="1.7. Maternal temp (post-op, baseline)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">1.7</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (post-op, baseline)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig7"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=1.8.%20Maternal%20temp%20(post-op%2C%2030%20mins).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef7.jpg" alt="1.8. Maternal temp (post-op, 30 mins)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">1.8</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (post-op, 30 mins)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig8"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=1.9.%20Maternal%20temp%20(post-op%2C%20recovery%20room%2C%2045%2B%20mins).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef8.jpg" alt="1.9. Maternal temp (post-op, recovery room, 45+ mins)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">1.9</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (post-op, recovery room, 45+ mins)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig9"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=1.10.%20Maternal%20temp%20(post-op%2C%20discharge%2Fpostpartum).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef9.jpg" alt="1.10. Maternal temp (post-op, discharge/postpartum)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">1.10</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (post-op, discharge/postpartum)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig10"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=2.1.%20Incidence%20of%20hypothermia.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef10.jpg" alt="2.1. Incidence of hypothermia." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">2.1</span><span class="title">Incidence of hypothermia</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig11"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=2.2.%20Incidence%20of%20shivering.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef11.jpg" alt="2.2. Incidence of shivering." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">2.2</span><span class="title">Incidence of shivering</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig12"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=2.3.%20Estimated%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef12.jpg" alt="2.3. Estimated blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">2.3</span><span class="title">Estimated blood loss</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig13"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=2.5.%20Maternal%20temp%20change%20(intra-op%20change).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef13.jpg" alt="2.5. Maternal temp change (intra-op change)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">2.5</span><span class="title">Maternal temp change (intra-op change)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig14"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=2.6.%20Maternal%20temp%20(intra-op%2C%20within%2030mins).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef14.jpg" alt="2.6. Maternal temp (intra-op, within 30mins)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">2.6</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (intra-op, within 30mins)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig15"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=2.8.%20Maternal%20temp%20(intra-op%2C%20end%20of%20surgery).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef15.jpg" alt="2.8. Maternal temp (intra-op, end of surgery)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">2.8</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (intra-op, end of surgery)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig16"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=2.10.%20Thermal%20comfort%20(pre-op).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef16.jpg" alt="2.10. Thermal comfort (pre-op)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">2.10</span><span class="title">Thermal comfort (pre-op)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig17"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=2.13.%20Thermal%20comfort%20(post-op).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef17.jpg" alt="2.13. Thermal comfort (post-op)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">2.13</span><span class="title">Thermal comfort (post-op)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig18"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=4.1.%20Incidence%20of%20hypothermia.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef18.jpg" alt="4.1. Incidence of hypothermia." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">4.1</span><span class="title">Incidence of hypothermia</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig19"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig19" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=4.3.%20Estimated%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef19.jpg" alt="4.3. Estimated blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">4.3</span><span class="title">Estimated blood loss</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig20"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig20" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=4.4.%20Maternal%20temp%20(intra-op).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef20.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef20.jpg" alt="4.4. Maternal temp (intra-op)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">4.4</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (intra-op)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig21"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig21" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=4.5.%20Maternal%20temp%20(recovery%20room%2C%20baseline).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef21.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef21.jpg" alt="4.5. Maternal temp (recovery room, baseline)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">4.5</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (recovery room, baseline)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig22"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig22" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=4.6.%20Maternal%20temp%20(post-op%2C%20recovery%20room).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef22.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef22.jpg" alt="4.6. Maternal temp (post-op, recovery room)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">4.6</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (post-op, recovery room)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig23"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig23" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=7.1.%20Incidence%20of%20hypothermia.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef23.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef23.jpg" alt="7.1. Incidence of hypothermia." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">7.1</span><span class="title">Incidence of hypothermia</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig24"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig24" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=7.3.%20Maternal%20temp%20(intra-op).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef24.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef24.jpg" alt="7.3. Maternal temp (intra-op)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">7.3</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (intra-op)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig25"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig25" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=7.4.%20Maternal%20temp%20(post%20op%2C%20recovery%20room).&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef25.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef25.jpg" alt="7.4. Maternal temp (post op, recovery room)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">7.4</span><span class="title">Maternal temp (post op, recovery room)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig26"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig26" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=10.1.%20Incidence%20of%20shivering.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef26.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef26.jpg" alt="10.1. Incidence of shivering." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">10.1</span><span class="title">Incidence of shivering</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appefig27"><div id="niceng192er3.appe.fig27" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=11a.1.%20Incidence%20of%20shivering.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appef27.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appef27.jpg" alt="11a.1. Incidence of shivering." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">11a.1</span><span class="title">Incidence of shivering</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab1"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 1</span><span class="title">Warmed IV fluids versus control</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other consideratio ns</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warmed IV fluids</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of hypothermia (<36 C) - Maintained warming (37–42 C)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30/108</p>
|
|
<p>(27.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36/108</p>
|
|
<p>(33.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.81 (0.4 to 1.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63 fewer per 1000 (from 200 fewer to 213 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5">Chan 1989</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref15" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref15">Jorgensen 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22">Woolnough 2009</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23">Workhoven 1986</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>51/200</p>
|
|
<p>(25.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70/169</p>
|
|
<p>(41.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.59 (0.44 to 0.8)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">170 fewer per 1000 (from 83 fewer to 232 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - Maintained warming (37–42 C)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref15" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref15">Jorgensen 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22">Woolnough 2009</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>35/142</p>
|
|
<p>(24.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>35/113</p>
|
|
<p>(31%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.74 (0.5 to 1.1)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 fewer per 1000 (from 155 fewer to 31 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - Pre-warmed only (37–42 C)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/15</p>
|
|
<p>(13.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/15</p>
|
|
<p>(53.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.25 (0.06 to 0.99)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">400 fewer per 1000 (from 5 fewer to 501 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - Pre-warmed only (30–34 C)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref23">Workhoven 1986</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/22</p>
|
|
<p>(13.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/22</p>
|
|
<p>(63.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.21 (0.07 to 0.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">503 fewer per 1000 (from 229 fewer to 592 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - Maintained (36.5 C) plus blankets</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5">Chan 1989</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/21</p>
|
|
<p>(52.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/19</p>
|
|
<p>(68.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.77 (0.46 to 1.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">157 fewer per 1000 (from 369 fewer to 185 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Estimated blood loss (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5">Chan 1989</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24">Yokoyama 2009</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.55 higher (35.11 lower to 54.22 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Estimated blood loss - Maintained warming (37–42 C) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 42.2 higher (15.24 lower to 99.64 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Estimated blood loss - Pre-warmed only (37–42 C) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24">Yokoyama 2009</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 45.31 lower (131.67 lower to 41.04 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Estimated blood loss - Maintained (36.5 C) plus blankets (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5">Chan 1989</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 30 lower (154.85 lower to 94.85 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Estimated blood loss (need for blood products)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>11</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/35</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/32</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup>12</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 60 fewer to 60 more)<sup>16</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal (core) temperature change (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref5">Chan 1989</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.4 higher (0.36 to 0.44 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temp (intraoperative) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24">Yokoyama 2009</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>14</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.36 higher (0.09 to 0.64 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temp (post-op, baseline) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24">Yokoyama 2009</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>16</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.61 higher (0.22 to 1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temp (post-op, 30mins) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24">Yokoyama 2009</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>16</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.71 higher (0.32 to 1.1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temp (post-op, recovery room, 45mins+) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref24">Yokoyama 2009</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>17</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>18</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.51 higher (0.05 to 0.96 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temp (post-op, discharge/postpartum) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref20">Smith 2000</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>19</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>20</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.68 higher (0.16 to 1.2 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thermal comfort (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>21</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 10 higher (0.11 lower to 20.11 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thermal comfort <4</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22">Woolnough 2009</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/50</p>
|
|
<p>(8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/25</p>
|
|
<p>(32%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.25 (0.08 to 0.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">240 fewer per 1000 (from 80 fewer to 294 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thermal comfort >6</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref22">Woolnough 2009</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/50</p>
|
|
<p>(40%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/25</p>
|
|
<p>(32%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.25 (0.64 to 2.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80 more per 1000 (from 115 fewer to 458 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in 2+ domains or unclear ROB in 4+ domains in each study</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">i2=67% (using random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MID boundaries (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_4"><p class="no_margin">High and unclear ROB in majority of studies</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_5"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_6"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 4+ domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_7"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in 2+ domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_8"><p class="no_margin">MID = +/-0.5*SD in control group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_9"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 4+ domains in one study, low ROB in one study</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_10"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-102)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_11"><p class="no_margin">OIS<300: No relative measure CI for assessment, sample size <300</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_12"><p class="no_margin">risk difference calculated as zero cases in each group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_13"><p class="no_margin">absolute effect calculated from risk difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_14"><p class="no_margin">i2=83% (using random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_15"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.20)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_16"><p class="no_margin">i2=80% (using random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_17"><p class="no_margin">i2=94% (using random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_18"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.22)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_19"><p class="no_margin">i2=90% (using random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_20"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.29)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab1_21"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-8)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab2"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 2</span><span class="title">Forced air warming versus control</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Forced air warming</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of hypothermia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/77</p>
|
|
<p>(11.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/80</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.35 (0.03 to 3.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">162 fewer per 1000 (from 243 fewer to 640 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of hypothermia – both groups had no additional warming (other than intervention)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/34</p>
|
|
<p>(26.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/36</p>
|
|
<p>(55.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.35 (0.03 to 3.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">361 fewer per 1000 (from 539 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of hypothermia – both control and intervention groups also had maintained warmed IV fluids (41 C)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/43</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/44</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 40 fewer to 40 more)<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10">Fallis 2006</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13">Horn 2002</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16">Munday 2018</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/121</p>
|
|
<p>(18.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>47/121</p>
|
|
<p>(38.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.47 (0.3 to 0.72)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">206 fewer per 1000 (from 109 fewer to 272 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Estimated blood loss (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 11.23 higher (42.26 lower to 64.71 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Estimated blood loss – no additional warming (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 41.8 higher (28.78 lower to 112.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Estimated blood loss – both groups also with maintained warmed IV fluids (41 C) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 30 lower (111.96 lower to 51.96 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature change (peri-op change) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>11</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 higher (0.25 lower to 0.25 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature change (intra-op change) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10">Fallis 2006</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16">Munday 2018</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>12</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>13</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.06 higher (0.21 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (intra-op, within 30mins) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>12</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>14</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.11 lower (0.4 lower to 0.17 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (intra-op, immediately post-delivery) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 lower (0.38 lower to 0.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (intra-op, end of surgery) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref10">Fallis 2006</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13">Horn 2002</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>16</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>17</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.4 higher (0.01 to 0.8 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (post-op, recovery room, 15mins) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>18</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 higher (0.02 to 0.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thermal comfort (pre-op) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref13">Horn 2002</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>19</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>20</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.46 higher (2.2 to 10.73 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thermal comfort (intra-op, immediately post-delivery) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>21</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 8 higher (1.37 to 14.63 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thermal comfort (intra-op, end of surgery) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref14">Horn 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 16 higher (9.79 to 22.21 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thermal comfort (post-op) (Better indicated by higher values)L</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16">Munday 2018</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.23 higher (0.17 lower to 0.63 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Thermal comfort (post-op) - post-op, recovery room, discharge (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref2">Butwick 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>22</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.28 higher (0.98 lower to 7.54 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Thermal comfort (post-op) - peri-operative (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref16">Munday 2018</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>23</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>24</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 higher (0.2 lower to 0.6 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wound infection</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/43</p>
|
|
<p>(2.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/44</p>
|
|
<p>(6.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.34 (0.04 to 3.15)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 fewer per 1000 (from 65 fewer to 147 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 4 (or more) domains in each study</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">i2=81% (using random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MID boundaries (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_4"><p class="no_margin">OIS<300: No relative measure CI for assessment, sample size <300</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_5"><p class="no_margin">risk difference calculated due to zero cases in both arms</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_6"><p class="no_margin">absolute effect calculated from risk difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_7"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in 2 domains in one (or more) studies, unclear in 4+ domains in 2 (or more) studies</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_8"><p class="no_margin">MID = +/- 0.5*SD in control group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_9"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-58.75)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_10"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-100)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_11"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MID boundaries (+/-0.15)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_12"><p class="no_margin">i2=70% (using random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_13"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.245)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_14"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.175)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_15"><p class="no_margin">95%CI cross one MID boundary (+/-0.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_16"><p class="no_margin">i2=94% (using random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_17"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.2)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_18"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.1)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_19"><p class="no_margin">i2=58%</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_20"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-4.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_21"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-4.5)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>22</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_22"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-5.48)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_23"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in 2 domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab2_24"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses on MID boundary (+/-0.37)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab3"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 3</span><span class="title">Forced air warming (FAW) + warmed IV fluid versus control</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">FAW + warmed IV fluid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of hypothermia (peri-op)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8">Cobb 2016</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/22</p>
|
|
<p>(63.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/22</p>
|
|
<p>(90.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.7 (0.5 to 0.99)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">273 fewer per 1000 (from 9 fewer to 455 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering (intra-op)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8">Cobb 2016</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/22</p>
|
|
<p>(22.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/22</p>
|
|
<p>(45.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.5 (0.2 to 1.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">227 fewer per 1000 (from 364 fewer to 105 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering (post-op)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8">Cobb 2016</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/22</p>
|
|
<p>(18.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/22</p>
|
|
<p>(18.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.29 to 3.5)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 129 fewer to 455 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Estimated blood loss<sup>4</sup> (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8">Cobb 2016</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22</p>
|
|
<p>median [IQR] 950 [800–1000] mL</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22</p>
|
|
<p>median [IQR] 975 [800–1000] mL</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">median diff 25 lower<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (intra-op, recovery room, baseline) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8">Cobb 2016</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.4 higher (0.1 to 0.7 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thermal comfort (post-op, recovery room, discharge)<sup>4</sup> (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref8">Cobb 2016</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22</p>
|
|
<p>median [IQR] 100 [95–100]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22</p>
|
|
<p>median [IQR] 90 [70–100]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">median difference 10 higher<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in one domain</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MIDs (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab3_4"><p class="no_margin">effect could not be calculated</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab3_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS<300: No relative measure CI for assessment, sample size <300</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab3_6"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses on MID (+/- 0.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab3_7"><p class="no_margin">MID = +/-0.5*SD in control group</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab4"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 4</span><span class="title">Warmed mattress/under-body pad versus control</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warmed mattress/under-body pad</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of hypothermia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4">Chakladar 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/179</p>
|
|
<p>(7.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23/178</p>
|
|
<p>(12.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.56 (0.3 to 1.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57 fewer per 1000 (from 90 fewer to 8 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of hypothermia - undefined time point</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4">Chakladar 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/102</p>
|
|
<p>(2.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/102</p>
|
|
<p>(10.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.27 (0.08 to 0.93)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79 fewer per 1000 (from 8 fewer to 99 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of hypothermia – postpartum</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/77</p>
|
|
<p>(13%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/76</p>
|
|
<p>(15.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.82 (0.38 to 1.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 fewer per 1000 (from 98 fewer to 125 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4">Chakladar 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/58</p>
|
|
<p>(17.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/58</p>
|
|
<p>(13.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.25 (0.53 to 2.94)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34 more per 1000 (from 65 fewer to 268 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Estimated blood loss (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.41 lower (56.12 lower to 55.3 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (intra-op) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4">Chakladar 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">178</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.06 higher (0.01 to 0.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Maternal temperature (intra-op) - start/first 30mins (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4">Chakladar 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.03 higher (0.04 lower to 0.1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Maternal temperature (intra-op) - anytime in operating room (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.12 higher (0.03 to 0.21 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (intra-op, recovery room, baseline) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref4">Chakladar 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>11</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.09 higher (0.11 lower to 0.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (post-op, recovery room) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>13</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>14</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.16 higher (0.16 lower to 0.48 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (post-op, postpartum) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.98 higher (0.81 to 1.15 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wound infection</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>15</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/44</p>
|
|
<p>(4.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/44</p>
|
|
<p>(6.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.12 to 3.8)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 fewer per 1000 (from 60 fewer to 191 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in at least 2 domains in one study, unclear ROB in at least 2 domains in two studies</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in at least 2 domains in both studies</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_4"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in 3 domains, unclear in one domain</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_5"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MIDs (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_6"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 2 domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_7"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in 2+ domains in one study, unclear in 4 domains in one study</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_8"><p class="no_margin">MID = +/- 0.5*SD in control group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_9"><p class="no_margin">i2=56%</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_10"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/- 0.18)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_11"><p class="no_margin">i2=78% (with random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_12"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.15)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_13"><p class="no_margin">i2=94% (with random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_14"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.16)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab4_15"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 4 domains</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab5"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 5</span><span class="title">Forced air warming versus warmed IV fluids</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Forced air warming</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warmed IV fluids</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/15</p>
|
|
<p>(20%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/15</p>
|
|
<p>(13.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.5 (0.29 to 7.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67 more per 1000 (from 95 fewer to 897 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Estimated blood loss (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 80 higher (20.2 lower to 180.2 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature change (intra-op, 45 minutes after intervention) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 lower (0.35 lower to 0.15 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thermal comfort (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref7">Chung 2012</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.3 lower (9.36 lower to 8.76 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 6 domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MID boundaries (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">MID = +/-0.5*SD in control group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab5_4"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-70)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab5_5"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.15)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab5_6"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MID boundaries (+/- 6.05)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab6"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 6</span><span class="title">Forced air warming versus mattress warming</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Forced air warming</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mattress warming</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of hypothermia (<36 C)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/43</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/44</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 40 fewer to 40 more)<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Estimated blood loss (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 20 lower (110.85 lower to 70.85 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (pre-op, 15 minutes after anaesthetic) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 higher (0.08 lower to 0.08 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (intra-op, recovery room, baseline) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 higher (0.08 lower to 0.08 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (post-op, recovery room, 15 min) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 higher (0.02 to 0.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wound infection</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref6">Chebbout 2017</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/43</p>
|
|
<p>(2.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/44</p>
|
|
<p>(4.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.51 (0.05 to 5.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 fewer per 1000 (from 43 fewer to 202 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 4 domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS<300: No relative measure CI for assessment, sample size <300</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">risk difference calculated due to zero cases in both arms</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab6_4"><p class="no_margin">absolute effect calculated from risk difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab6_5"><p class="no_margin">MID = +/- 0.5*SD in control group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab6_6"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.1)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab6_7"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MID boundaries (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab7"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 7</span><span class="title">Warmed mattress/under body pad versus other warming CLUSTER</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warmed mattress/under body pad</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other warming</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of hypothermia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>98/208</p>
|
|
<p>(47.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>119/204</p>
|
|
<p>(58.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.82 (0.7 to 0.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105 fewer per 1000 (from 23 fewer to 175 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of hypothermia - Warmed IV fluids, tinfoil hats, warmed blankets</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>88/131</p>
|
|
<p>(67.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105/131</p>
|
|
<p>(80.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.84 (0.72 to 0.97)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128 fewer per 1000 (from 24 fewer to 224 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of hypothermia - Warmed IV fluids (maintained)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/77</p>
|
|
<p>(13%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/73</p>
|
|
<p>(19.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.68 (0.32 to 1.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 fewer per 1000 (from 130 fewer to 82 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Estimated blood loss - Warmed IV fluids (maintained) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 37.11 lower (101.5 lower to 27.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (intra-op) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">208</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">204</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.08 higher (0.14 lower to 0.31 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Maternal temperature (intra-op) - Warmed IV fluids, tinfoil hats, warmed blankets (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 higher (0.08 to 0.32 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Maternal temperature (intra-op) - Warmed IV fluids (maintained) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.03 lower (0.12 lower to 0.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (post-op, recovery room) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">320</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">314</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.05 higher (0.03 lower to 0.13 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Maternal temperature (post-op, recovery room) - Warmed IV fluids, tinfoil hats, warmed blankets (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">243</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">241</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 higher (0.11 lower to 0.11 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Maternal temperature (post-op, recovery room) - Warmed IV fluids (maintained) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.11 higher (0.01 lower to 0.23 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal temperature (post-op, postpartum) - Warmed IV fluids (maintained) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref18">Paris 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.05 higher (0.1 lower to 0.2 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wound infection - Warmed IV fluids, tinfoil hats, warmed blankets</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref11">Grant 2015</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/243</p>
|
|
<p>(1.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/241</p>
|
|
<p>(0.41%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.97 (0.45 to 35.24)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 more per 1000 (from 2 fewer to 142 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in at least 2 domains per study</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded once for cluster RCT with insufficient information available for design effect adjustment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7_3"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7_4"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MIDs (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7_5"><p class="no_margin">MID = +/- 0.5*SD in control group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7_6"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-78)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7_7"><p class="no_margin">i2=89% (with random effects model)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7_8"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.2)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7_9"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab7_10"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.18)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab8"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 8</span><span class="title">Higher versus lower ambient temperature</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Higher ambient temperature</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lower ambient temperature</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of hypothermia <36 C</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9">Duryea 2016</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>104/390</p>
|
|
<p>(26.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>132/401</p>
|
|
<p>(32.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.81 (0.65 to 1.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63 fewer per 1000 (from 115 fewer to 3 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wound infection</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref9">Duryea 2016</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/390</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/401</p>
|
|
<p>(0.25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">POR 0.14 (0.00 to 7.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 fewer per 1000 (from 2 fewer to 15 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in 4 domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded once for cluster RCT with insufficient information available for design effect adjustment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab8_4"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MIDs (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab9"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 9</span><span class="title">5-HT3 antagonist versus control</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5-HT3 antagonist</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1">Browning 2013</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23/56</p>
|
|
<p>(41.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28/60</p>
|
|
<p>(46.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.88 (0.58 to 1.33)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 fewer per 1000 (from 196 fewer to 154 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering (reached score 2–4)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref1">Browning 2013</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18/56</p>
|
|
<p>(32.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/60</p>
|
|
<p>(33.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.96 (0.57 to 1.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 fewer per 1000 (from 143 fewer to 210 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in one domain, unclear in one domain</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MID boundaries (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab10"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 10</span><span class="title">Opioid-like analgesic (pethidine) versus other opioid (morphine)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Opioid-like analgesic (pethidine)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other opioid (morphine)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/60</p>
|
|
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/59</p>
|
|
<p>(15.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.22 (0.05 to 0.97)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119 fewer per 1000 (from 5 fewer to 145 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - peth (10mg) vs morphine (0.1mg)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/30</p>
|
|
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/29</p>
|
|
<p>(17.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.19 (0.02 to 1.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">140 fewer per 1000 (from 169 fewer to 97 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - peth (10mg) vs morphine (0.2mg)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/30</p>
|
|
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/30</p>
|
|
<p>(13.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.25 (0.03 to 2.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 fewer per 1000 (from 129 fewer to 148 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 5 domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MID boundaries (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab11"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 11a</span><span class="title">Opioid-like analgesic versus control FOR PREVENTION</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Opioid-like analgesic</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19">Roy 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21">Sutherland 1991</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24/156</p>
|
|
<p>(15.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>55/157</p>
|
|
<p>(35%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.44 (0.29 to 0.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">196 fewer per 1000 (from 119 fewer to 249 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - pethidine (25mg)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref21">Sutherland 1991</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/47</p>
|
|
<p>(10.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/47</p>
|
|
<p>(36.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.29 (0.12 to 0.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">257 fewer per 1000 (from 98 fewer to 318 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - pethidine (10mg)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/30</p>
|
|
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/30</p>
|
|
<p>(23.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.14 (0.02 to 1.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">201 fewer per 1000 (from 229 fewer to 21 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - meperidine (0.2mg/kg)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref19">Roy 2004</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/20</p>
|
|
<p>(45%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/20</p>
|
|
<p>(85%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.53 (0.32 to 0.89)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">400 fewer per 1000 (from 94 fewer to 578 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - morphine (0.1mg)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/29</p>
|
|
<p>(17.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/30</p>
|
|
<p>(23.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.74 (0.26 to 2.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 fewer per 1000 (from 173 fewer to 250 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUBGROUP: Incidence of shivering - morphine (0.2mg)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref12">Hong 2005</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/30</p>
|
|
<p>(13.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/30</p>
|
|
<p>(23.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.57 (0.19 to 1.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 fewer per 1000 (from 189 fewer to 175 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 5 domains in 2 studies, high ROB in one domain and unclear in one domain in one study</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 5 domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">High ROB in one domain, unclear in one domain</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab11_5"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses two MIDs (0.8 to 1.25)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appftab12"><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Comparison 11b</span><span class="title">Opioid-like analgesic (Pethidine) versus control FOR MANAGEMENT</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appf.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Opioid-like analgesic (Meperidine)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering (2 mins post infusion)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>8/20</p>
|
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<p>(40%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>19/20</p>
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<p>(95%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.42 (0.24 to 0.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">551 fewer per 1000 (from 256 fewer to 722 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering (5 mins post infusion)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>5/20</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/20</p>
|
|
<p>(75%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.33 (0.15 to 0.74)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">502 fewer per 1000 (from 195 fewer to 637 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering (15mins post)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>3/20</p>
|
|
<p>(15%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/20</p>
|
|
<p>(85%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>RR 0.18</p>
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<p>(0.06 to 0.51)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">697 fewer per 1000 (from 417 fewer to 799 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering (30 mins post)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/20</p>
|
|
<p>(30%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18/20</p>
|
|
<p>(90%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.33 (0.17 to 0.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">603 fewer per 1000 (from 306 fewer to 747 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incidence of shivering (60 mins post)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/20</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/20</p>
|
|
<p>(70%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.36 (0.16 to 0.8)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">448 fewer per 1000 (from 140 fewer to 588 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal core temp (2mins post) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 higher (0.12 lower to 0.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal core temp (5mins post) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 lower (0.26 lower to 0.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal core temp (15mins post) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.3 lower (0.42 to 0.18 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal core temp (30mins post) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 lower (0.62 to 0.38 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maternal core temp (60mins post) (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3" rid="niceng192er3.s1.1.3.ref3">Casey 1988</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.4 lower (0.56 to 0.24 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Unclear ROB in 6 domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">MID = 0.5*SD in control group</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses 2 MID boundaries (+/-0.1)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng192er3.appf.tab12_4"><p class="no_margin">95%CI crosses one MID boundary (+/-0.15)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng192er3appgfig1"><div id="niceng192er3.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Study%20selection%20flow%20chart.&p=BOOKS&id=569605_niceng192er3appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK569605/bin/niceng192er3appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Study selection flow chart." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Study selection flow chart</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng192er3appktab1"><div id="niceng192er3.appk.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK569605/table/niceng192er3.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng192er3.appk.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Abdel-Ghaffar, H. S., Moeen, S. M., Prophylactic Granisetron for post-spinal anesthesia shivering in Caesarean Section: a randomized controlled clinical study, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, (no pagination), 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29424008" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29424008</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from Egypt (developing country).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Adesiyan, A. O., Kushimo, O. T., Tobi, K. U., Intrathecal fentanyl does not increase bupivacaine-induced adverse thermoregulatory effects in women undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, International journal of obstetric anesthesia. Conference: annual meeting of the obstetric anaesthetists’ association 2017. Belgium, 31, S20, 2017
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Allen, T. K., Habib, A. S., Inadvertent Perioperative Hypothermia Induced by Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery Might Be More Significant Than We Think: Are We Doing Enough to Warm Our Parturients?, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126, 7–9, 2018 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5748140/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5748140</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29252474" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29252474</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative opinion paper. No primary data.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Anaraki, A. N., Mirzaei, K., The Effect of Different Intrathecal Doses of Meperidine on Shivering during Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia, International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3, 706–12, 2012 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3482998/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3482998</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23112897" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23112897</span></a>]
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from Iran (developing country).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Atashkhoyi, S., Iranpour, A., Effect of tramadol on prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section, BJOG, 115, 90, 2008
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Atashkhoyi, S., Negargar, S., Effect of tramadol for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section, Journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine, 21, 61, 2008
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Azam, M., Asad, N., Butt, T. A., Ahmad, W., Efficacy of prophylactic intravenous ketamine vs tramadol for prevention of intraoperative shivering in spinal anesthesia for patient undergoing cesarean section, Pakistan journal of medical and health sciences, 12, 455–458, 2018
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from Pakistan (developing country).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Badawy, A. A., Mokhtar, A. M., The role of ondansetron in prevention of post-spinal shivering (PSS) in obstetric patients: A double-blind randomized controlled trial, Egyptian journal of anaesthesia, 33, 29–33, 2017
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from Egypt (developing country).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Bao, Z., Zhou, C., Wang, X., Zhu, Y., Intravenous dexmedetomidine during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: A meta-analysis of randomized trials, Journal of International Medical Research, 45, 924–932, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5536398/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5536398</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28553766" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28553766</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: analyses cannot be used in entirety, included studies checked for inclusion (excluded as all were from developing/non-OECD countries).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Bernardis, R. C. G. D., Siaulys, M. M., Vieira, J. E., Mathias, L. A. S. T., Perioperative warming with a thermal gown prevents maternal temperature loss during elective cesarean section. A randomized clinical trial, Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology, 66, 451–455, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27421966" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27421966</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from Brazil (developing country).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Butwick, A. J., Lipman, S. S., Andes, L., Cohen, S. E., Carvalho, B., Does forced air-warming reduce hypothermia and shivering for patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia?, Anesthesiology, 102, 29, 2005
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract. Full text included.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Canturk, M., Canturk, F. K., Kocaoglu, N., Hakki, M., The effects of crystalloid warming on maternal body temperature and fetal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial, Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology, 2018 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9391735/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9391735</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448094" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30448094</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-English language article.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Capogna, G., Celleno, D., IV clonidine for post-extradural shivering in parturients: a preliminary study, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 71, 294–5, 1993 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8123410" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8123410</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-relevant intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chakladar, A., Harper, C. M., Peri-operative warming in caesarean sections: guidance would be NICE, Anaesthesia, 65, 212–3, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20402853" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20402853</span></a>]
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/Commentary only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chan, A. M., Ng, K. F., Tong, E. W., Jan, G. S., Control of shivering under regional anesthesia in obstetric patients with tramadol, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 46, 253–8, 1999 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10210050" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10210050</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-relevant intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chen, A. K., Kwan, W. F., Harrity, W. V., The effect of epidural butorphanol and fentanyl on shivering during cesarean section, Regional Anesthesia, 16, 30, 1991
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
de Figueiredo Locks, G., Incidence of shivering after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia with or without intrathecal sufentanil: a randomized study, Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 62, 676–84, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22999400" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22999400</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from Brazil (developing country)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
El-Deeb, A., Barakat, R., Could ephedrine replace meperidine for prevention of shivering in women undergoing Cesarean Section under spinal anesthesia? A randomized study, Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 28, 237–241, 2012
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from Egypt (developing country)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Faiz, S. H. R., Rahimzadeh, P., Imani, F., Bakhtiari, A., Intrathecal injection of magnesium sulfate: shivering prevention during cesarean section: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled study, Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 65, 293–298, 2013 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3822019/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3822019</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228140" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24228140</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from Iran (developing country)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Feng, L. S., Hong, G., Yan, Z., Qiu, L. Y., Liang, L. A., Intrathecal sufentanil does not reduce shivering during neuraxial anesthesia: A meta-analysis, Medical Science Monitor, 22, 258–266, 2016 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4732550/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4732550</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26806131" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26806131</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-relevant intervention (Sufentanil not licensed in UK)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gang, S., Zhengyuan, S., Chunnan, J., The effectiveness of active warming for women undergoing elective caesarean section on maternal shivering: A meta-analysis, Biomedical Research (India), 28, 8728–8730, 2017
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: analyses cannot be used in entirety, included studies checked for inclusion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Goyal, Parveen, Kundra, Sandeep, Sharma, Shruti, Grewal, Anju, Kaul, Tej, Singh, M, Efficacy of intravenous fluid warming for maintenance of core temperature during lower segment cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, Journal of Obstetric Anaesthesia and Critical Care, 1, 73–77, 2011
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing/non-OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gulhas,N., Tekdemir,D., Durmus,M., Yucel,A., Erdil,F.A., Yologlu,S., Ersoy,M.O., The effects of ephedrine on maternal hypothermia in caesarean sections: a double blind randomized clinical trial, European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 17, 2051–2058, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23884826" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23884826</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Turkey). Specific sub-population of women who developed hypotension.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Han, J. W., Kang, H. S., Choi, S. K., Park, S. J., Park, H. J., Lim, T. H., Comparison of the Effects of Intrathecal Fentanyl and Meperidine on Shivering after Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia, Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 52, 657–662, 2007
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-English language article.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
He, L., Xu, J. M., Liu, S. M., Chen, Z. J., Li, X., Zhu, R., Intrathecal dexmedetomidine alleviates shivering during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 40, 169–173, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28154256" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28154256</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study in developing/non-OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hernandez-Bernal, C. E., Martinez-Sanchez, A., Oriol-Lopez, S. A., Castelazo-Arredondo, J. A., Tremor and epidural blocking in caesarean, Revista mexicana de anestesiologia, 32, 107–113, 2009
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-English language.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Honarmand, A., Safavi, M., Hirmanpour, A., Afzali, S., The effect of intravenous hydrocortisone (1 or 2 mg/kg) on postoperative shivering in cesarean section with spinal anesthesia, Journal of isfahan medical school, 35, 821–827, 2017
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hui,C.K., Huang,C.H., Lin,C.J., Lau,H.P., Chan,W.H., Yeh,H.M., A randomised double-blind controlled study evaluating the hypothermic effect of 150 microg morphine during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section, Anaesthesia, 61, 29–31, 2006 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16409339" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16409339</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing/non-OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jabalameli, M., Radmanesh, A., Comparing the efficacy of prophylactic intravenous dexamethasone and pethidine on postoperative shivering in elective cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, Journal of isfahan medical school, 32, 678–689, 2014
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jabalameli, M., Sadeghi, A., Hirmanpour, A., Prevention of shivering during regional anesthesia in cesarean section: comparison of the two different doses of ketamine and placebo, Journal of isfahan medical school, 34, 1168–1173, 2016
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Javaherforoosh, F., Akhondzadeh, R., Aein, K. B., Olapour, A., Samimi, M., Effects of tramadol on shivering post spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean section, Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 25, 12–17, 2009
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jeon, W. J., Kim, D. H., Choi, D. H., Patient Controlled Sedation Using Propofol during Regional Anesthesia for Cesarean Section, Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 39, 534–541, 2000
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-English language.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ji, W., Wang, C., Lin, P., Effects of intrathecal morphine on shivering in parturients during cesarean section, Journal of clinical anesthesiology, 1, 20–21, 2000
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Khan,Z.H., Zanjani,A.P., Makarem,J., Samadi,S., Antishivering effects of two different doses of intrathecal meperidine in caesarean section: a prospective randomised blinded study, European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 28, 202–206, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21325901" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21325901</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Khezri, M. B., Al-sadat Mosallaei, M., Ebtehaj, M., Mohammadi, N., Comparison of preemptive effect of intravenous ketorolac versus meperidine on postoperative shivering and pain in patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, Caspian journal of internal medicine, 9, 151–157, 2018 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5912223/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5912223</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29732033" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29732033</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Khezri, M. B., Bandari, A. M., Asefzade, S., Atlasbaf, A., The effect of diclofenac na supp on postoperative shivering in patients undergoing elective cesarean section surgery, Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 27, 1145–1148, 2011
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kishore, N., Payaayaayal, Y. S., Kumar, N., Chauhan, N., In spinal anaesthesia for cesarean section the temperature of bupivacaine affects the onset of shivering but not the incidence: a randomized control trial, Journal of clinical and diagnostic research, 10, UC18–UC21, 2016 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4740682/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4740682</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26894154" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26894154</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (India).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kose, E. A., Honca, M., Dal, D., Akinci, S. B., Aypar, U., Prophylactic ketamine to prevent shivering in parturients undergoing Cesarean delivery during spinal anesthesia, Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 25, 275–80, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23664773" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23664773</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Turkey).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kwan, W. F., Chen, B. J., Wu, Y., Chuah, E. C., Epidural butorphanol but not nalbuphine ceases shivering in parturients during cesarean section, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 80, S259, 1995
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lamontagne, C., Lidzborski, E., Crochetiere, C., Villeneuve, E., Lesage, S., Intravenous dexmedetomidine for the treatment of shivering during cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 64, S5–S6, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30945105" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30945105</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lema, G. F., Gebremedhn, E. G., Gebregzi, A. H., Desta, Y. T., Kassa, A. A., Efficacy of intravenous tramadol and low-dose ketamine in the prevention of post-spinal anesthesia shivering following cesarean section: a double-blinded, randomized control trial, International Journal of Women’s Health, 9, 681–688, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5628673/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5628673</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29270031" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29270031</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing/non-OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Li, Z., Tian, M., Zhang, C. Y., Li, A. Z., Huang, A. J., Shi, C. X., Xin, D. Q., Qi, J., Li, K. Z., A Randomised Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Intrathecal Bupivacaine Combined with Different Adjuvants (Fentanyl, Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine) in Caesarean Section, Drug research, 65, 581–586, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25504002" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25504002</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing/non-OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Liu, Jie, Wang, Yong, Ma, Wuhua, Shivering prevention and treatment during cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia: a systematic review, Minerva Anestesiologica, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29945433" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29945433</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: analyses cannot be used in entirety, included studies checked for inclusion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Liu, W. H., Luxton, M. C., The effect of prophylactic fentanyl on shivering in elective caesarean section under epidural analgesia, Anaesthesia, 46, 344–8, 1991 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2035777" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2035777</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-relevant intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
McCarroll, S. M., Cartwright, P., Weeks, S. K., Donati, F., Warming intravenous fluids and the incidence of shivering during caesarean sections under epidural anaesthesia, Canadian anaesthetists’ society journal, 33, 72–73, 1986
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Moola, S., Lockwood, C., Effectiveness of strategies for the management and/or prevention of hypothermia within the adult perioperative environment, International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 9, 337–45, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22093385" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22093385</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: analyses cannot be used in entirety, included studies checked for inclusion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Moola, Sandeep, Lockwood, Craig, The effectiveness of strategies for the management and/or prevention of hypothermia within the adult perioperative environment: systematic review, JBI library of systematic reviews, 8, 752–792, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27820534" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27820534</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: analyses cannot be used in entirety, included studies checked for inclusion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Munday, J., Hines, S., Wallace, K., Chang, A. M., Gibbons, K., Yates, P., A systematic review of the effectiveness of warming interventions for women undergoing cesarean section, Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 11, 383–93, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25269994" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25269994</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: analyses cannot be used in entirety, included studies checked for inclusion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Munday,J., Hines,S., Wallace,K., Chang,A.M., Gibbons,K., Yates,P., The clinical effectiveness of interventions to assist perioperative temperature management for women undergoing cesarean section: A systematic review, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 11, 45–111, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27820449" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27820449</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate article of systematic review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Najafianaraki, A., Mirzaei, K., Akbari, Z., Macaire, P., The effects of warm and cold intrathecal bupivacaine on shivering during delivery under spinal anesthesia, Saudi journal of anaesthesia, 6, 336–40, 2012 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3591550/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3591550</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23493460" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23493460</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nallam, Srinivasa Rao, Cherukuru, Kavya, Sateesh, Gokul, Efficacy of Intravenous Ondansetron for Prevention of Postspinal Shivering during Lower Segment Cesarean Section: A Double-Blinded Randomized Trial, Anesthesia, essays and researches, 11, 508–513, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5490147/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5490147</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28663651" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28663651</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (India).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nasseri, K., Ghadami, N., Nouri, B., Effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on shivering after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a double-blind randomized clinical trial, Drug design, development & therapy, 11, 1107–1113, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5388208/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5388208</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28435222" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28435222</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nasseri, K., Shami, S., Sarshivie, F., Intrathecal morphine decreases shivering during caesarean section under spinal anesthesia, Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Conference: 35th Annual European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy Congress, ESRA 2016. Netherlands. Conference Start: 20160907. Conference End: 20160910. 41, e125, 2016
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nct,, Effect of a Warming Mattress on Perioperative Hypothermia Following Cesarean Delivery, <a href="http://Https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02837913" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Https:<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​//clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/show/nct02837913</a>, 2016
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trial registration only. No data.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nct,, A Study to Determine the Effectiveness of a Warming Mattress in Preventing Inadvertent Peri-operative Hypothermia and Shivering in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section, <a href="http://Https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct01054209" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Https:<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​//clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/show/nct01054209</a>, 2010
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trial registration only. No data.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nct,, Active Warming Versus Non Active Warming During Caesarean Section for Preventing Neonatal Hypothermia, <a href="http://Https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct03316716" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Https:<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​//clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/show/nct03316716</a>, 2017
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trial registration only. No data.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nct,, Pre-warming Prevents Hypothermia in Elective Cesarean Section, <a href="http://Https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02091466" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Https:<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​//clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/show/nct02091466</a>, 2014
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trial registration only. No data.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nct,, Shivering Treatment After Cesarean Delivery: meperidine vs. Dexmedetomidine, <a href="http://Https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct03115047" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Https:<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​//clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/show/nct03115047</a>, 2017
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trial registration only. No data.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nct,, Intravenous Dexmedetomidine for Treatment of Shivering During Cesarean Section Under Neuraxial Anesthesia, <a href="http://Https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02384343" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Https:<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​//clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/show/nct02384343</a>, 2015
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trial registration only. No data.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nct,, Evaluation of the Active Warming Effects on Maternal and Neonatal Outcome During Cesarean Delivery, <a href="http://Https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct03473470" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Https:<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​//clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/show/nct03473470</a>, 2018
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trial registration only. No data.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Onyekwulu, F. A., Agu, E. E., Amucheazi, A. O., Efficacy of intravenous tramadol in the control of shivering following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section, Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 23, 116–20, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27623721" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27623721</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Nigeria).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Oshvandi, Khodayar, Hasan Shiri, Fatemeh, Safari, Mahmoud, Fazel, Mohamad Reza, Salavati, Mohsen, Hassan Tehrani, Tayebeh, Effect of Pre-warmed Intravenous Fluid Therapy on Prevention of Postoperative Shivering after Caesarean Section, Hayat, 17, 5–15, 2012
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text only available in Arabic</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Oshvandi, Khodayar, Shiri, Fatemeh Hasan, Fazel, Mohammad Reza, Safari, Mahmoud, Ravari, Ali, The effect of pre-warmed intravenous fluids on prevention of intraoperative hypothermia in cesarean section, Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 19, 64–9, 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3917187/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3917187</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24554962" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24554962</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Parsa, T., Dabir, S., Radpay, B., Efficacy of pethidine and buprenorphine for prevention and treatment of postanesthetic shivering, Tanaffos, 6, 54–58, 2007
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Patel, M. D., Balachander, H., Bhat, R. R., Krishanappa, S., Nagappa, M., Intravenous vs intrathecal fentanyl in prevention of intraoperative shivering, Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology, 26, 11–14, 2010
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (India).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pazuki, S., Kamali, A., Shahrokhi, N., Jamilian, M., Comparison of the effects of intrathecal midazolam and tramadol with the conventional method of postoperative pain and shivering control after elective cesarean section, Biomedical and pharmacology journal, 9, 995–1003, 2016
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ponte, J., Collett, B. J., Walmsley, A., Anaesthetic temperature and shivering in epidural anaesthesia, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 30, 584–7, 1986 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3811803" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3811803</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-relevant intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Rastegarian, A., Ghobadifar, M. A., Kargar, H., Mosallanezhad, Z., Intrathecal meperidine plus lidocaine for prevention of shivering during cesarean section, The Korean journal of pain, 26, 379–86, 2013 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3800711/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3800711</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24156005" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24156005</span></a>]
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Reidy, J., Preston, R., Douglas, J., Sherlock, R., Tyler, J., The effect of maternal warming during cesarean delivery on neonatal temperature, UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT, 2008
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable (unpublished manuscript)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Roth, Jonathan V., Hypothermia During Cesarean Delivery, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126, 2151–2152, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29533262" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29533262</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter to editor.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Roy, J. D., Girard, M., Drolet, P., Guay, J., Cesarean section: the effect of intrathecal meperidine on shivering, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 48, A4, 2001
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sachidananda, Roopa, Basavaraj, K., Shaikh, Safiya
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I., Umesh, G., Bhat, Triveni, Arpitha, B., Comparison of Prophylactic Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate with Tramadol for Postspinal Shivering in Elective Cesarean Section: A Placebo Controlled Randomized Double-blind Pilot Study, Anesthesia, essays and researches, 12, 130–134, 2018 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5872849/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5872849</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29628568" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29628568</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (India)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sadegh, Ali, Tazeh-Kand, Nasrin
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Faridi, Eslami, Bita, Intrathecal fentanyl for prevention of shivering in spinal anesthesia in cesarean section, Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 26, 85–9, 2012 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3587896/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3587896</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23483276" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23483276</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Shami, S., Nasseri, K., Shirmohammadi, M., Effect of low dose intrathechal meperidine on the incidence of shivering during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia; a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind-clinical trial, Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Conference: 35th Annual European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy Congress, ESRA 2016. Netherlands. Conference Start: 20160907. Conference End: 20160910. 41, e38, 2016
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Shami, S., Nasseri, K., Shirmohammadi, M., Sarshivi, F., Ghadami, N., Ghaderi, E., Pouladi, M., Barzanji, A., Effect of low dose of intrathecal pethidine on the incidence and intensity of shivering during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, Drug design, development & therapy, 10, 3005–3012, 2016 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5036596/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5036596</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27703328" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27703328</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sharkey, A., Gulden, R. H., Lipton, J. M., Giesecke, A. H., Effect of radiant heat on the metabolic cost of postoperative shivering, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 70, 449–50, 1993 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8499207" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8499207</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed population of women undergoing CS or tubal ligation.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Siedentopf, J. P., Does surrounding temperature influence the rate of hypothermia during Caesarean section?, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 119, 838, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29121313" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29121313</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter to the editor.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sultan, P., Carvalho, B., Does the addition of active body warming to in-line intravenous fluid warming prevent maternal hypothermia during elective caesarean section? A randomised controlled trial, International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 35, 115–116, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29343417" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29343417</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter to the editor</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sultan, P., Habib, A. S., Cho, Y., Carvalho, B., The Effect of patient warming during Caesarean delivery on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a meta-analysis, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 115, 500–10, 2015 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4574493/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4574493</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26385660" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26385660</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: analyses cannot be used in entirety, included studies checked for inclusion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sun, H. L., Ling, Q. D., Sun, W. Z., Wu, R. S. C., Wu, T. J., Wang, S. C., Chien, C. C., Lower limb wrapping prevents hypotension, but not hypothermia of shivering, after the introduction of epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 99, 241–244, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15281537" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15281537</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing/non-OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sun, Y., Xu, Y., Wang, G. N., Comparative Evaluation of Intrathecal Bupivacaine Alone, Bupivacaine-fentanyl, and Bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine in Caesarean Section, Drug research, 65, 468–472, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25207707" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25207707</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing/non-OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Talakoub, R., Meshkati, ShN, Tramadol versus meperidine in the treatment of shivering during spinal anesthesia in cesarean section, Journal of research in medical sciences, 11, 151–155, 2006
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Turkey). Letter to the editor.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Techanivate, A., Rodanant, O., Tachawattanawisal, W., Somsiri, T., Intrathecal fentanyl for prevention of shivering in cesarean section, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 88, 1214–21, 2005 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16536107" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16536107</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Thailand).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Tsai, Y. C., Chu, K. S., A comparison of tramadol, amitriptyline, and meperidine for postepidural anesthetic shivering in parturients, Anesthesia & Analgesia, 93, 1288–92, 2001 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11682416" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11682416</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing/non-OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Verma, A., Bhandari, D., Dhande, P., Jain, S., Tidke, S., Comparative evaluation of dexmedetomidine and tramadol for attenuation of post-spinal anaesthesia shivering, Journal of clinical and diagnostic research, 12, UC01–UC04, 2018
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (India).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Woolnough, M. J., Newton, R. S., Walters, M., Chebbout, R., Active warming for elective caesarean section: a randomised controlled trial, International journal of obstetric anesthesia., 26, S10, 2016
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Xue, X., Lv, Y., Zhao, Y., Leng, Y., Zhang, Y., Efficacy of prophylactic epidural ketamine for reducing shivering in patients undergoing caesarean section with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, Biomedical reports, 8, 485–490, 2018 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5920941/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5920941</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29732150" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29732150</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing/non-OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Zabetian, H., Jahromi, A. S., Karami, M. Y., Ghobadifar, M. A., Antishivering effect of low dose meperidine in caesarean section under spinal anesthesia: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, International Journal of Pharmacology, 9, 305–11, 2013
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study from developing country (Iran).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Wang, H., Zhou, H., Tian, T., Wu, A., Dexmedetomidine as a neuraxial adjuvant for prevention of perioperative shivering: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, PLoS ONE, 12, e0183154, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5567500/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5567500</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28829798" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28829798</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng192er3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review. Five studies assessed C-section, all five assessed for inclusion</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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