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class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK561978_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for management of anticoagulant medication</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Perioperative care in adults</div><p><b>Evidence review F</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 180</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2020 Aug</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3827-8</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1"><h2 id="_niceng180er6_s1_">1. Management of anticoagulant medication</h2><div id="niceng180er6.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What is the most clinically and cost effective strategy for managing anticoagulant medication?</h3></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>People taking vitamin K antagonists (VKA), with an international normalised ratio (INR) target greater than 3, are at a particularly high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolus or stroke. These are often people with mechanical heart valves and therefore require a greater level of blood thinning than other people using anticoagulant therapies, such as VKA with an INR target lower than 3 or a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC).</p><p>To reduce this risk, it is usual practice to provide ‘bridging’ therapy in the perioperative period with either unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular heparin (LMWH). Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) cannot be used in people with mechanical heart valves. UFH requires an intravenous infusion, and is therefore a more complicated therapy to administer than LMWH. The potential harm of bridging therapy is increased postoperative bleeding or wound infections. There is variation in the practice of bridging therapy in hospitals.</p><p>It would be useful to know if there is any difference between UFH and LMWH in terms of reducing risk of events, causing harm and costs.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng180er6.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng180er6tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er6tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng180er6.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="niceng180er6.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant clinical studies comparing outpatient or self-administered low molecular weight subcutaneous heparin with inpatient intravenous unfractionated heparin were identified.</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng180er6.appc">appendix C</a>.</p><p>Excluded studies</p><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#niceng180er6.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>No relevant clinical studies were identified.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>No relevant clinical studies were identified.</p></div></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="niceng180er6.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>No health economic studies were included.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were excluded due to assessment of limited applicability or methodological limitations.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng180er6.appg">Appendix G</a>:.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Unit costs</h4><p>Relevant unit costs are provided below to aid consideration of cost effectiveness.</p><div id="niceng180er6.s1.5.3.1"><h5>Low molecular weight heparin</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng180er6tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er6tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. UK costs of low molecular weight heparin." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng180er6.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">UK costs of low molecular weight heparin. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng180er6tab3"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er6tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Costs associated with administering low molecular weight heparin." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng180er6.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Costs associated with administering low molecular weight heparin. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.5.3.2"><h5>Unfractionated heparin</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng180er6tab4"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er6tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. UK costs of unfractionated heparin." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng180er6.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">UK costs of unfractionated heparin. </p></div></div><p>The cost associated with a bed day required for administering unfractionated heparin is presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er6tab5" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab5">Table 5</a>. This is not bundled as part of the surgery they will have.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng180er6tab5"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er6tab5" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Costs associated with administering unfractionated heparin." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng180er6.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Costs associated with administering unfractionated heparin. </p></div></div><p>Cost of downstream events that could be avoided with the correct bridging therapy.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng180er6tab6"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er6tab6" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Potential downstream costs." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng180er6.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6tab6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Potential downstream costs. </p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="niceng180er6.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><p>No relevant published evidence was identified.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No relevant economic evaluations were identified.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="niceng180er6.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="niceng180er6.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee agreed that the main potential harm of bridging therapy is increased postoperative bleeding. As such, the committee considered critical outcomes for decision making to be health-related quality of life, mortality, bleeding, thromboembolism and stroke. The committee also considered length of hospital stay to be an important outcome towards decision making.</p><p>No evidence was identified for any of the outcomes.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>No evidence was identified.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>No clinical evidence was identified.</p><p>In people at high risk of thrombosis, for example, people with mechanical heart valves, bridging therapy with low molecular weight heparin or intravenous unfractionated heparin when warfarin is temporarily discontinued may be beneficial. However, increases in bleeding events have also been reported. No evidence was found to address this issue. The committee concluded that there was insufficient evidence upon which to base a recommendation regarding management strategies for anticoagulant medication in those who require bridging for surgery and therefore made a research recommendation.</p></div></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this question.</p><p>The committee were presented with some examples of unit costs. There are considerable differences in the upfront costs of the two interventions. Low molecular weight heparin has a lower upfront cost, as adults self-administer their heparin and do not need to be in hospital. The cost of low molecular weight heparin is dependent on the patient’s weight; ranging from £20 to £70 for five days. Some patients may require assistance from a district nurse to administer the injections, and it was assumed that this might apply to 10% of patients, which would cost an additional £25 per patient. Adherence may also be lower because of the self-administration required, which could have implications for whether the surgery could go ahead.</p><p>Unfractionated heparin involves an infusion, which is more expensive, and also requires up to five days in hospital pre-surgery, which has a high cost. Unfractionated heparin dose is also dependent on the weight of the adult, and ranges from £77 to £219. As adults who receive unfractionated heparin have to be in hospital, this leads to a high cost for their hospital stay. Based on NHS reference costs the average cost of a hospital bed day is around £365 and the total cost of five days would amount to £2,035.</p><p>Potential downstream costs are also of importance and were presented to the committee. The postoperative length of stay could depend on how well the adult has responded to their bridging therapy and can have an impact on their chances of having events such as a stroke, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism or bleeding events. These events have a high cost associated with them, for example, the average cost of a stroke is £6,176 and the average cost of deep vein thrombosis is £1,107. Also, the intervention that leads to better outcomes will have a positive impact on the adult such as improved quality of life.</p><p>As there is uncertainty about which intervention is more effective, the committee agreed to make a research recommendation.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.s1.7.3"><h4>1.7.3. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>The committee noted that people taking vitamin K antagonists (VKA), with an international normalised ratio (INR) target greater than 3 are at a particularly high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolus or stroke. These are often people with mechanical heart valves and therefore require a greater level of blood thinning than other people using anticoagulant therapies, such as VKA with an INR target lower than 3 or a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC).</p><p>The committee was aware of other published evidence suggesting that novel oral anticoagulants/direct oral anticoagulants are not licensed and are contraindicated in people with mechanical heart values. Low molecular weight heparin has similar pharmacodynamic properties, so may be equally effective in this population; however, no evidence was identified to support or refute this.</p><p>The committee discussed an INR of 2.5 as recommended in some International guidelines. However, it was noted that values are not the ones used in current practice. For example, for people with heart valves the range is between 2.5 and 3.5 and the target is 3.0. For this reason 3.0 was chosen as the INR value for the research recommendation. In addition, the BNF refers to target INR ranges rather than target values, however a target range is generally taken to be within 0.5 of the target (that is, a target value 3.5 equates to a target range of 3 to 4).</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng180er6.rl.r1"><h2 id="_niceng180er6_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref1">Akl
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A. Low molecular weight heparin and non valvular atrial fibrillation. Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux. 2006; 99(12):1210–1214 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18942523" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18942523</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref19">Eriksson
|
|
BI, Ekman
|
|
S, Kalebo
|
|
P, Zachrisson
|
|
B, Bach
|
|
D, Close
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P. Prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total hip replacement: direct thrombin inhibition with recombinant hirudin, CGP 39393. Lancet. 1996; 347(9002):635–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8596376" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8596376</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref20">Eriksson
|
|
BI, Ekman
|
|
S, Lindbratt
|
|
S, Baur
|
|
M, Bach
|
|
D, Torholm
|
|
C
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|
et al. Prevention of thromboembolism with use of recombinant hirudin. Results of a double-blind, multicenter trial comparing the efficacy of desirudin (Revasc) with that of unfractionated heparin in patients having a total hip replacement. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - American Volume. 1997; 79(3):326–33 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9070519" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9070519</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref21">Eriksson
|
|
BI, Wille-Jorgensen
|
|
P, Kalebo
|
|
P, Mouret
|
|
P, Rosencher
|
|
N, Bosch
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|
P
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et al. A comparison of recombinant hirudin with a low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent thromboembolic complications after total hip replacement. New England Journal of Medicine. 1997; 337(19):1329–35 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9358126" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9358126</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>22.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref22">Forster
|
|
R, Stewart
|
|
M. Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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2016, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004179. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004179.pub2. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10332795/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC10332795</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27027384" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27027384</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004179.pub2" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref23">Fricker
|
|
JP, Vergnes
|
|
Y, Schach
|
|
R, Heitz
|
|
A, Eber
|
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M, Grunebaum
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L
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et al. Low dose heparin versus low molecular weight heparin (Kabi 2165, Fragmin) in the prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications of abdominal oncological surgery. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1988; 18(6):561–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2852111" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2852111</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref24">Gallus
|
|
A, Cade
|
|
J, Ockelford
|
|
P, Hepburn
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S, Maas
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M, Magnani
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H. Orgaran (Org 10172) or heparin for preventing venous thrombosis after elective surgery for malignant disease? A double-blind, randomised, multicentre comparison. ANZ-Organon Investigators’ Group. Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 1993; 70(4):562–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7509509" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7509509</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref25">Godwin
|
|
JE, Comp.P., Davidson
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B, Rossi
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M. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous Rd heparin vs subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis in patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic-surgery for cancer. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 1993; 69(6):647</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref26">Guo
|
|
Q, Huang
|
|
B, Zhao
|
|
J, Ma
|
|
Y, Yuan
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D, Yang
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Y
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et al. Perioperative pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Surgery. 2017; 265(6):1087–93 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27849664" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27849664</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref27">Haas
|
|
S, Breyer
|
|
HG, Bacher
|
|
HP, Fareed
|
|
J, Misselwitz
|
|
F, Victor
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N
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et al. Prevention of major venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement: a randomized comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin (ECHOS Trial). International Angiology. 2006; 25(4):335–42 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17164738" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17164738</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref28">Haas
|
|
S, Wolf
|
|
H, Kakkar
|
|
AK, Fareed
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J, Encke
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A. Prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism and mortality in surgical patients: a randomized double-blind comparison of LMWH with unfractionated heparin. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2005; 94(4):814–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16270636" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16270636</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref29">Handoll
|
|
HH, Farrar
|
|
MJ, McBirnie
|
|
J, Tytherleigh-Strong
|
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GM, Milne
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AA, Gillespie
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WJ. Heparin, low molecular weight heparin and physical methods for preventing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following surgery for hip fractures. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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2002, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD000305. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000305. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12519540" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12519540</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000305" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref30">Heilmann
|
|
L, Von Tempelhoff
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GF, Kirkpatrick
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CJ, Schneider
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D, Hommel
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G, Pollow
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K. Comparison of unfractionated versus low molecular weight heparin for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis during breast and pelvic cancer surgery: efficacy, safety, and follow-up. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis-Hemostasis. 1998; 4(4):268–73</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref31">Jamula
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E, Woods
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K, Verhovsek
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M, Douketis
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JD, McDonald
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E. Comparison of pain and ecchymosis with low-molecular-weight heparin vs. unfractionated heparin in patients requiring bridging anticoagulation after warfarin interruption: a randomized trial. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 2009; 28(3):266–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19219405" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19219405</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>32.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref32">Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary (online). Available from: <a href="http://www.medicinescomplete.com" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.medicinescomplete.com</a> Last accessed: 04/04/19</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref33">Junqueira
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DR, Zorzela
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LM, Perini
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|
E. Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in postoperative patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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2017, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD007557. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007557.pub3. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6478064/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6478064</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28431186" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28431186</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007557.pub3" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>34.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref34">Kakkar
|
|
VV, Boeckl
|
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O, Boneu
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B, Bordenave
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L, Brehm
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OA, Brücke
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|
|
VV, Howes
|
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J, Sharma
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V, Kadziola
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Z. A comparative double-blind, randomised trial of a new second generation LMWH (bemiparin) and UFH in the prevention of post-operative venous thromboembolism. The Bemiparin Assessment group. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2000; 83(4):523–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10780310" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10780310</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref36">Lastoria
|
|
S, Rollo
|
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HA, Yoshida
|
|
WB, Giannini
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M, Moura
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R, Maffei
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FH. Prophylaxis of deep-vein thrombosis after lower extremity amputation: comparison of low molecular weight heparin with unfractionated heparin. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. 2006; 21(3):184–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16751933" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16751933</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref37">Lereun
|
|
C, Wells
|
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P, Diamantopoulos
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|
A, Rasul
|
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F, Lees
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M, Sengupta
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N. An indirect comparison, via enoxaparin, of rivaroxaban with dabigatran in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip or knee replacement. Journal of Medical Economics. 2011; 14(2):238–44 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21385145" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21385145</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref38">Matar
|
|
C, Kahale
|
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L, Hakoum
|
|
M, Tsolakian
|
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I, Etxeandia–Ikobaltzeta
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I, Yosuico
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V
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et al. Anticoagulation for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in people with cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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2018, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD009447. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009447.pub3. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6389341/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6389341</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29993117" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29993117</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009447.pub3" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref39">McLeod
|
|
RS, Geerts
|
|
WH, Sniderman
|
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KW, Greenwood
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C, Gregoire
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RC, Taylor
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BM
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et al. Subcutaneous heparin versus low-molecular-weight heparin as thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: results of the canadian colorectal DVT prophylaxis trial: a randomized, double-blind trial. Annals of Surgery. 2001; 233(3):438–44 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1421263/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1421263</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11224634" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11224634</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref40">Monreal
|
|
M, Lafoz
|
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E, Navarro
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|
A, Granero
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X, Caja
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V, Caceres
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E
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H, Lund
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T, Heimdal
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A, Arnesjo
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B. A low molecular weight heparin (KABI 2165) for prophylaxis of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 1986; 152:593–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3544625" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3544625</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref43">Ono
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K, Hidaka
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H, Koyama
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Y, Ishii
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K. Effects of heparin bridging anticoagulation on perioperative bleeding and thromboembolic risks. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2015; 120(3S_Suppl):S301 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27206420" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27206420</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref44">Pini
|
|
M, Tagliaferri
|
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A, Manotti
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C, Lasagni
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F, Rinaldi
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E, Dettori
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AG. Low molecular weight heparin (Alfa LHWH) compared with unfractionated heparin in prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after hip fractures. International Angiology. 1989; 8(3):134–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2556484" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2556484</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>45.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref45">Platz
|
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A, Hoffmann
|
|
R, Kohler
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A, Bischof
|
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T, Trentz
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O. [Prevention of thromboembolism in hip fracture: unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparin (a prospective, randomized study)]. Zeitschrift für Unfallchirurgie und Versicherungsmedizin. 1993; 86(3):184–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8130009" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8130009</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>46.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref46">Rader
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CP, Kramer
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C, König
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A, Gohlke
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F, Eulert
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J. Comparison between low-molecular and unfractionated heparin in the prevention of thrombosis in patients with total endoprosthetic replacement of hip and knee joint. Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Ihre Grenzgebiete. 1997; 135(1):52–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9199074" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9199074</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>47.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref47">Ramos
|
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J, Perrotta
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C, Badariotti
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G, Berenstein
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G. Interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in adults undergoing knee arthroscopy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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2008, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD005259. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005259.pub3. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18843687" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18843687</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005259.pub3" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>48.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref48">Renda
|
|
G, Di Pillo
|
|
R, D’Alleva
|
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A, Sciartilli
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A, Zimarino
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M, De Candia
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E
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|
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H, Acaroglu
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E, Ozdemir
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HM, Atilla
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B. Enoxaparin and heparin comparison of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in total hip replacement patients. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 2006; 126(1):1–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16333632" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16333632</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>50.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref50">Shaw
|
|
JR, Woodfine
|
|
JD, Douketis
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J, Schulman
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S, Carrier
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M. Perioperative interruption of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2018; 2(2):282–290 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6055497/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6055497</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30046730" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30046730</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>51.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref51">Speziale
|
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F, Verardi
|
|
S, Taurino
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M, Nicolini
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G, Rizzo
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L, Fiorani
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P
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|
|
J, Nydahl
|
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S, Egberg
|
|
N. Low molecular mass heparin instead of unfractionated heparin during infrainguinal bypass surgery. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 1996; 11(1):59–64 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8564488" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8564488</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>53.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref53">von Tempelhoff
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GF, Dietrich
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M, Niemann
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F, Schneider
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D, Hommel
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G, Heilmann
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L. Blood coagulation and thrombosis in patients with ovarian malignancy. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 1997; 77(3):456–61 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9065993" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9065993</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>54.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref54">von Tempelhoff
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GF, Harenberg
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J, Niemann
|
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F, Hommel
|
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G, Kirkpatrick
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CJ, Heilmann
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L. Effect of low molecular weight heparin (Certoparin) versus unfractionated heparin on cancer survival following breast and pelvic cancer surgery: A prospective randomized double-blind trial. International Journal of Oncology. 2000; 16(4):815–24 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10717252" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10717252</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>55.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref55">Wang
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CJ, Wang
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JW, Weng
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LH, Hsu
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CC, Huang
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CC, Yu
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PC. Prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty in Asian patients. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and indomethacin. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - American Volume. 2004; 86-A(1):136–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14711956" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14711956</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>56.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref56">Watanabe
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T, Matsubara
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S, Usui
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R, Izumi
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A, Kuwata
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T, Suzuki
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M. No increase in hemorrhagic complications with thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparin soon after cesarean section. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2011; 37(9):1208–11 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518131" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21518131</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>57.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er6.ref57">Zee
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AA, van
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LK, van
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dHM, Janssen
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L, Janzing
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HM. Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower-limb immobilization. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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2017, Issue 8. Art. No.: CD006681. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006681.pub4. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6483324/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6483324</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28780771" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28780771</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006681.pub4" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng180er6.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="niceng180er6.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK561978/bin/niceng180er6-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 7. Review protocol: Management of anticoagulant medication</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 159K)</span></p><p id="niceng180er6.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 8. Health economic review protocol</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er6.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014, updated 2018.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref41" rid="niceng180er6.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></p><p><i>For more detailed information, please see the</i>
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<a href="/books/NBK561978/bin/niceng180er6_bm2.pdf">Methodology</a>
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<i>Review</i>.</p><div id="niceng180er6.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the search where appropriate.</p><p id="niceng180er6.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appbtab1" class="figpopup">Table 9. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="niceng180er6.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appbtab2" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng180er6.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appbtab3" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng180er6.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appbtab4" class="figpopup">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er6.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to the perioperative care population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional health economics searches were run on Medline and Embase.</p><p id="niceng180er6.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appbtab5" class="figpopup">Table 10. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="niceng180er6.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appbtab6" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng180er6.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appbtab7" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng180er6.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appbtab8" class="figpopup">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng180er6.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="niceng180er6.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK561978/figure/niceng180er6.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of management of anticoagulant medication</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er6.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p>No relevant clinical studies were identified.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><p>No relevant clinical studies were identified.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p>No relevant clinical studies were identified.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="niceng180er6.appg.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK561978/figure/niceng180er6.appg.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appgfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er6.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="niceng180er6.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng180er6.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><p id="niceng180er6.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appitab1" class="figpopup">Table 11. Studies excluded from the clinical review</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er6.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p>Published health economic studies that met the inclusion criteria (relevant population, comparators, economic study design, published 2003 or later and not from non-OECD country or USA) but that were excluded following appraisal of applicability and methodological quality are listed below. See the health economic protocol for more details.</p><p id="niceng180er6.appi.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appitab2" class="figpopup">Table 12. Studies excluded from the health economic review</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng180er6.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Research recommendations</h3><div id="niceng180er6.appj.s1"><h4>J.1. Anticoagulant medication</h4><div id="niceng180er6.appj.s1.1"><h5>Research question: What is the most clinically and cost effective strategy for managing anticoagulant medication?</h5><p>
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<b>Why this is important:</b>
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</p><p>The search criteria revealed no evidence comparing the different strategies for bridging anticoagulation in the perioperative period for patients requiring an INR >3.0. Evidence is required to compare the use of unfractionated heparin as an inpatient and LMWH as an outpatient in terms of clinical and cost effective outcomes.</p><p id="niceng180er6.appj.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er6appjtab1" class="figpopup">Criteria for selecting high-priority research recommendations</a></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews underpinning recommendation 1.3.9 in the NICE guideline</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer:</b> The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and, where appropriate, their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK561978</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32931180" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32931180</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6tab1"><div id="niceng180er6.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults 18 years and over who require bridging of anticoagulant medication (warfarin) for surgery due to high risk (target INR >3).</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outpatient or self-administered low molecular weight subcutaneous heparin</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inpatient intravenous unfractionated heparin</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>health-related quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>thromboembolism</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>stroke</div></li></ul>
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Important outcomes:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>length of hospital stay (pre and post-operative)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews of RCTs.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6tab2"><div id="niceng180er6.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">UK costs of low molecular weight heparin</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Weight</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Drug<sup>(a)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dose</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Units/pack</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost/pack</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost/unit</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Units/day</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Totaldose</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost/day</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost/5 days</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Source of dosage</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40–43kg</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dalteparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7500 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£42.34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4.23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>7500 units</b>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4.23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£21.17</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enoxaparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£39.26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.93</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>60mg</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.93</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£19.63</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tinzaparin sodium<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2500 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£19.80</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.98</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>7350 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5.94</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£29.70</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44–56kg</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dalteparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10000 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£51.22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5.12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>10000 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5.12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£25.61</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enoxaparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£55.13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5.51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>80mg</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5.51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£27.57</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tinzaparin sodium<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4500 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£35.63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>8750 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£35.63</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57–68kg</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dalteparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12500 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£35.29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.06</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>12500 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.06</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£35.29</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enoxaparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£73.20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>100mg</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£36.60</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tinzaparin sodium<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2500 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£19.80</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.98</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>11025 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£9.90</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£49.50</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69–84kg</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dalteparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15000 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£42.34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£8.47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>15000 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£8.47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£42.34</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enoxaparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£87.93</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£8.79</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>120mg</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£8.79</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£43.97</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tinzaparin sodium<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14000 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£83.30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£8.33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>13475 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£8.33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£41.65</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85–103kg</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dalteparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18000 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£50.82</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>18000 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£50.82</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enoxaparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">150mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£99.91</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£9.99</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>150mg</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£9.99</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£49.96</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tinzaparin sodium<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2500 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£19.80</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.98</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>16450 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£51.55</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14000 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£83.30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£8.33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104–113kg</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dalteparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18000 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£50.82</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>18000 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£50.82</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enoxaparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£55.13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5.51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>160mg</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£11.03</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£55.13</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tinzaparin sodium<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20000 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£105.66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>19075 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£52.83</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114–130kg</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dalteparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18,000 units</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£50.82</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>18000 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£50.82</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enoxaparin sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£73.20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>200mg</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£14.64</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£73.20</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tinzaparin sodium<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£71.40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>22575 units</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£14.28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>£71.40</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng180er6.tab2_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Source: British National Formulary, August 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref32" rid="niceng180er6.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er6.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">All drugs are solutions for injection; where less is required the whole pack is costed as wastage is assumed to apply.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er6.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Tinzaparin sodium is based on a dose of 175 units/kg; therefore the midpoint of each weight range was used to calculate costs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6tab3"><div id="niceng180er6.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Costs associated with administering low molecular weight heparin</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Staff</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per hour<sup>(a)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of hours</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of visits</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Percentage of patients<sup>(b)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Total cost</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Practice nurse</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£50.35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£25</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Source: PSSRU 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref14" rid="niceng180er6.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er6.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">These costs include the ratio of direct to indirect time with patients of 1:33 from the PSSRU and include qualification costs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er6.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Percentage of patients requiring assistance administering low-molecular weight heparin was assumed to be 10% by the committee.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6tab4"><div id="niceng180er6.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">UK costs of unfractionated heparin</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Drug</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Formulation</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dose</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of hours</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Mg/units</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Units/pack</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost/pack</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost/unit</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Total cost</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Source of dosage</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heparinsodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Solution for injection</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">800–2,400 units per hour<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10,000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£64.59</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£6.45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£77.51–£219.61</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab4_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GC member</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Source: British National Formulary, August 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref32" rid="niceng180er6.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er6.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Based on the adult spending 5 days in hospital pre-surgery and the infusion being stopped 6 hours before surgery</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er6.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Based on weight range of 40–130kg</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6tab5"><div id="niceng180er6.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Costs associated with administering unfractionated heparin</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cost of hospital bed day</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cost of 5 days in hospital</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Source, assumptions</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£407</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2,035</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS reference costs 2017/18<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref16" rid="niceng180er6.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a> Based on elective inpatient excess bed days, all episodes excluding paediatrics</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6tab6"><div id="niceng180er6.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Potential downstream costs</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">HRG code</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Description</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cost per unit</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Source, assumptions</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">AA35A - AA35F</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stroke with CC scores 0 to 16+</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£6,176</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>NHS reference costs 2017/18<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref16" rid="niceng180er6.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></p>
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<p>Elective inpatient including excess bed days</p>
|
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<p>Weighted average was calculated</p>
|
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">YQ51A - YQ51E</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Deep Vein Thrombosis with CC Score 0 to 12+</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,107</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NHS reference costs 2017/18<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref16" rid="niceng180er6.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>Elective inpatient including excess bed days</p>
|
|
<p>Weighted average was calculated</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appatab1"><div id="niceng180er6.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Objectives</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search criteria</b>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the clinical review protocol above.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant health economic study design (cost–utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost–consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of health economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a health economic study filter – see <a href="#niceng180er6.appb">appendix B</a> below.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Review strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2003, abstract-only studies and studies from non-OECD countries or the USA will also be excluded.</p><p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in appendix H of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref41" rid="niceng180er6.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></p><p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’ then it will be included in the guideline. A health economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then a health economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><b>Where there is discretion</b></p><p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include health economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to selectively exclude the remaining studies. All studies excluded on the basis of applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation in the excluded health economic studies appendix below.</p><p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p><p><i>Setting:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Health economic study type:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost–utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost–benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–consequences analysis).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Year of analysis:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2003 or later but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly from before 2003 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2003 will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis match with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline. For example, economic evaluations based on observational studies will be excluded, when the clinical review is only looking for RCTs,</div></li></ul></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appbtab1"><div id="niceng180er6.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 30 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 30 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Cochrane Reviews to 2019 Issue 5 of 12</p>
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<p>CENTRAL to 2019 Issue 5 of 12</p>
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<p>DARE, and NHSEED to 2015 Issue 2 of 4</p>
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<p>HTA to 2016 Issue 4 of 4</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appbtab2"><div id="niceng180er6.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Preoperative Care/ or Preoperative Period/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre-operat* or preoperat* or pre-surg* or presurg*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((before or prior or advance or pre or prepar*) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 4 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/ or exp infant/) not (exp adolescent/ or exp adult/ or exp middle age/ or exp aged/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 not 6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/8-15</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 not 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18-24</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 not 25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">anticoagulants/ or acenocoumarol/ or coumarins/ or phenindione/ or phenprocoumon/ or warfarin/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(coumarin* or coumadin or dicoumarol or acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon or phenidione or (vitamin k adj2 antagonist*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/27-29</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 and 30</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clinical trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/32-38</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/40-49</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cohort studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Controlled Before-After Studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Historically Controlled Study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted Time Series Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/51-60</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/62-63</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 or 64</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/66-67</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 or 68</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 or 64 or 68</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 or 50 or 70</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 and 71</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 and (39 or 50 or 72)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appbtab3"><div id="niceng180er6.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*preoperative care/ or *preoperative period/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre-operat* or preoperat* or pre-surg* or presurg*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((before or prior or advance or pre or prepar*) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 4 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/ or exp infant/) not (exp adolescent/ or exp adult/ or exp middle age/ or exp aged/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 not 6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/8-12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 not 14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/15-22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 not 23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*anticoagulant agent/ or *acenocoumarol/ or *coumarin derivative/ or *phenindione/ or *phenprocoumon/ or *warfarin/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(coumarin* or coumadin or dicoumarol or acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon or phenidione or (vitamin k adj2 antagonist*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25-27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30-38</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/40-49</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cohort studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Controlled Before-After Studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Historically Controlled Study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted Time Series Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/51-60</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/62-63</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 or 64</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/66-67</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 or 68</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 or 64 or 68</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 or 50 or 70</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 and 71</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 and (39 or 50 or 72)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appbtab4"><div id="niceng180er6.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Preoperative Care] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Preoperative Period] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre-operat* or preoperati*or pre-surg* or presurg*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before or prior or advance or pre or prepar*) near/3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #1-#4)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Anticoagulants] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Acenocoumarol] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Coumarins] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Phenindione] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Phenprocoumon] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Warfarin] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #6-#11)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">warfarin*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(coumarin* or coumadin or dicoumarol or acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon or phenidione or (vitamin k adj2 antagonist*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12 or #13 or #14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5 and #15</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appbtab5"><div id="niceng180er6.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 30 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Health economics studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 30 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Health economics studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>HTA - Inception – 02 May 2019</p>
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<p>NHSEED - Inception to 02 May 2019</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appbtab6"><div id="niceng180er6.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Preoperative Care/ or exp Perioperative Care/ or exp Perioperative Period/ or exp Perioperative Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pre-operative* or preoperative* or preop* or pre-op* or pre-surg* or presurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((perioperative* or peri-operative* or intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((postoperative* or postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or recover* or monitor*) adj3 (before or prior or advance or during or after) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat* or perioperat* or peri-operat*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((during or duration) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 or 8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">postoperative care/ or exp Postoperative Period/ or exp Perioperative nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg* or perioperat* or peri-operat*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(after adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(post adj3 (operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 or 11 or 12 or 13</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Preoperative Care/ or Preoperative Period/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre-operat* or preoperat* or pre-surg* or presurg*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((before or prior or advance or pre or prepar*) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 or 16 or 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 or 9 or 14 or 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20-27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 not 29</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30-36</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 37</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 38 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/ or exp infant/) not (exp adolescent/ or exp adult/ or exp middle age/ or exp aged/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 not 40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “costs and cost analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">economics, pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effectiv* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/42-57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 and 58</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appbtab7"><div id="niceng180er6.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*preoperative period/ or *intraoperative period/ or *postoperative period/ or *perioperative nursing/ or *surgical patient/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pre-operative* or preoperative* or preop* or pre-op* or pre-surg* or presurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((perioperative* or peri-operative* or intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or recover* or monitor*) adj3 (before or prior or advance or during or after) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 or 2 or 3 or 4</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">peroperative care/ or exp peroperative care/ or exp perioperative nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat* or perioperat* or peri-operat*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((during or duration) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 or 7 or 8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">postoperative care/ or exp postoperative period/ or perioperative nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg* or perioperat* or peri-operat*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(after adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(post adj3 (operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 or 11 or 12 or 13</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp preoperative care/ or preoperative period/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre-operat* or preoperat* or pre-surg* or presurg*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((before or prior or advance or pre or prepar*) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 or 16 or 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 or 9 or 14 or 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20-24</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 not 26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/27-34</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 36 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/) not (exp adult/ or exp adolescent/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37 not 38</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effectiv* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/40-52</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 and 53</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appbtab8"><div id="niceng180er6.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Preoperative Care EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Perioperative Care EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Perioperative Period EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Perioperative Nursing EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((perioperative* or peri-operative* or intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or recover* or monitor*) adj3 (before or prior or advance or during or after) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((pre-operative* or preoperative* or preop* or pre-op* or pre-surg* or presurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((postoperative* or postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(* IN HTA)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(* IN NHSEED)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9 AND #10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9 AND #11</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Intraoperative Care EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat* or perioperat* or peri-operat*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((during or duration) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg* or perioperat* or peri-operat*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((after adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((post adj3 (operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pre-operat* or preoperat* or pre-surg* or presurg*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((before or prior or advance or pre or prepar*) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21 OR #22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10 AND #23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11 AND #23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12 OR #13 OR #24 OR #25</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er6appcfig1"><div id="niceng180er6.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20management%20of%20anticoagulant%20medication.&p=BOOKS&id=561978_niceng180er6appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561978/bin/niceng180er6appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of management of anticoagulant medication." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of management of anticoagulant medication</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er6appgfig1"><div id="niceng180er6.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20health%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=561978_niceng180er6appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561978/bin/niceng180er6appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>* Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appitab1"><div id="niceng180er6.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Akl 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref3" rid="niceng180er6.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Akl 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref2" rid="niceng180er6.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Akl 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref1" rid="niceng180er6.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anon 1988<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref13" rid="niceng180er6.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref4" rid="niceng180er6.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Attanasio 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref5" rid="niceng180er6.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bani-hani 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref6" rid="niceng180er6.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baykal 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref7" rid="niceng180er6.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bergqvist 1990<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref8" rid="niceng180er6.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boncinelli 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref9" rid="niceng180er6.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref10" rid="niceng180er6.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cheng 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref11" rid="niceng180er6.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohen 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref12" rid="niceng180er6.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dahan 1990<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref15" rid="niceng180er6.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design (narrative report)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dixon 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref17" rid="niceng180er6.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ederhy 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref18" rid="niceng180er6.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eriksson 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref19" rid="niceng180er6.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eriksson 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref20" rid="niceng180er6.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eriksson 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref21" rid="niceng180er6.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Forster 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref22" rid="niceng180er6.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fricker 1988<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref23" rid="niceng180er6.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gallus 1993<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref24" rid="niceng180er6.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Godwin 1993<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref25" rid="niceng180er6.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guo 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref26" rid="niceng180er6.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Haas 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref28" rid="niceng180er6.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Haas 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref27" rid="niceng180er6.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handoll 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref29" rid="niceng180er6.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heilmann 1998<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref30" rid="niceng180er6.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jamula 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref31" rid="niceng180er6.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Junqueira 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref33" rid="niceng180er6.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kakkar 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref34" rid="niceng180er6.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kakkar 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref35" rid="niceng180er6.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lastoria 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref36" rid="niceng180er6.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lereun 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref37" rid="niceng180er6.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matar 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref38" rid="niceng180er6.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mcleod 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref39" rid="niceng180er6.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Monreal 1989<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref40" rid="niceng180er6.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Onarheim 1986<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref42" rid="niceng180er6.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ono 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref43" rid="niceng180er6.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pini 1989<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref44" rid="niceng180er6.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Platz 1993<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref45" rid="niceng180er6.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rader 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref46" rid="niceng180er6.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ramos 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref47" rid="niceng180er6.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Renda 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref48" rid="niceng180er6.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Senaran 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref49" rid="niceng180er6.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shaw 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref50" rid="niceng180er6.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Speziale 1988<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref51" rid="niceng180er6.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Swedenborg 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref52" rid="niceng180er6.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Von tempelhoff 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref53" rid="niceng180er6.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Von tempelhoff 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref54" rid="niceng180er6.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref55" rid="niceng180er6.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Watanabe 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref56" rid="niceng180er6.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions. incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zee 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er6.ref57" rid="niceng180er6.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not guideline condition</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appitab2"><div id="niceng180er6.appi.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the health economic review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er6.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er6appjtab1"><div id="niceng180er6.appj.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Criteria for selecting high-priority research recommendations</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561978/table/niceng180er6.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er6.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PICO question</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Population: Adults 18 years and over who require bridging of anticoagulant medication (warfarin) for surgery due to high risk (target INR >3). This is often people with mechanical heart valves.</p>
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<p>This refers to target INR ranges rather than target values, however a target range is generally taken to be within 0.5 of the target (that is, a target value 3.5 equates to a target range of 3 to 4).</p>
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<p>Components: Outpatient or self-administered low molecular weight subcutaneous heparin or Inpatient intravenous unfractionated heparin</p>
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<p>Outcome(s): Health-related quality of life, mortality, bleeding, thromboembolism, stroke and length of hospital stay (pre and postoperative)</p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to patients or the population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">We need to know which strategy is most effective based on group consensus terms of providing safe prevention of clinical events and the impact on patient quality of life as well as service costs.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Currently Trusts adopt different strategies based on no evidence.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Consensus based recommendations would change practice. The potential to reduce length of hospital admission might be significant.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">National priorities</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None identified</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No studies that met the review criteria were identified.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None identified</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dephi survey of haematologists</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There are no feasibility issues but a good response to the survey is required if it to be representative</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other comments</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There is uncertainty that either method is equivalent to the use of VKA antagonists in patients who are high risk. The majority of patients will have mechanical heart valves</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er6.appj.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High: the research is essential to inform future updates of key recommendations in the guideline.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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