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stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-done" class="wsprkl btn" title="Dismiss find">✘</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style"><div class="fm-sec bkr_bottom_sep"><div class="bkr_thumb"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng180er11-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence review for blood glucose control management" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK561962_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for blood glucose control management</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Perioperative care in adults</div><p><b>Evidence review K</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 180</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2020 Aug</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3827-8</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1"><h2 id="_niceng180er11_s1_">1. Blood glucose control management</h2><div id="niceng180er11.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of blood glucose control management in adults undergoing surgery?</h3></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>The prevalence of diabetes in the general UK population is thought to be about 6.5% but data from the 2017 National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (NaDIA) suggests that on average across the UK 18% of all inpatients have diabetes, and for people presenting for surgery this figure is probably higher. As well as having increased length of stay, as a result of complications, surgical patients with diabetes have increased mortality. Complications not only cause immediate patient harm, but patients who have suffered perioperative complications continue to experience increased morbidity for several years. It is therefore necessary to prevent perioperative complications. Non-diabetic patients are also a risk of complication from hyperglycemia.</p><p>NaDIA 2017 identified that harm to inpatients with diabetes has multiple causes including hypoglycaemia, hospital acquired diabetic ketoacidosis, medication errors and inappropriate use of insulin infusions. There has been much debate on whether the benefits of tight glycaemic control with insulin outweigh the risk of harm from hypoglycaemia caused by intensive insulin therapy with intravenous insulin infusions.</p><p>Current NICE recommendations suggest that adults with type1 diabetes should aim for a fasting plasma glucose level of 5–7mmol/litre in the community and 5–8mmol/ litre during surgery or acute illness. The purpose of this review is to determine whether these recommendations are applicable to people with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic people.</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng180er11.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng180er11tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er11tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng180er11.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="niceng180er11.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>Thirty randomised controlled trials were included in the review;<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref1" rid="niceng180er11.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref5" rid="niceng180er11.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref9" rid="niceng180er11.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref26" rid="niceng180er11.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref27" rid="niceng180er11.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref31" rid="niceng180er11.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref32" rid="niceng180er11.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref39" rid="niceng180er11.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref43" rid="niceng180er11.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref52" rid="niceng180er11.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref55" rid="niceng180er11.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref59" rid="niceng180er11.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref60" rid="niceng180er11.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref74" rid="niceng180er11.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref77" rid="niceng180er11.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref78" rid="niceng180er11.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref113" rid="niceng180er11.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref114" rid="niceng180er11.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref120" rid="niceng180er11.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref137" rid="niceng180er11.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref142" rid="niceng180er11.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref143" rid="niceng180er11.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref146" rid="niceng180er11.ref146"><sup>146</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref153" rid="niceng180er11.ref153"><sup>153</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref157" rid="niceng180er11.ref157"><sup>157</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref159" rid="niceng180er11.ref159"><sup>159</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref162" rid="niceng180er11.ref162"><sup>162</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref166" rid="niceng180er11.ref166"><sup>166</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref169" rid="niceng180er11.ref169"><sup>169</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref170" rid="niceng180er11.ref170"><sup>170</sup></a> these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er11tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11tab2">Table 2</a> below. Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er11tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11tab3">Table 3</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng180er11.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#niceng180er11.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#niceng180er11.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#niceng180er11.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#niceng180er11.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng180er11tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er11tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng180er11.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng180er11.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.4.4"><h4>1.4.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng180er11tab3"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er11tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Clinical evidence summary: Glucose control versus standard care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng180er11.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Glucose control versus standard care. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng180er11tab4"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng180er11tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Evidence not suitable for GRADE analysis: Glucose control versus standard care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng180er11.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Evidence not suitable for GRADE analysis: Glucose control versus standard care. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng180er11.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="niceng180er11.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>No health economic studies were included.</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were excluded due to assessment of limited applicability or methodological limitations.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng180er11.appg">Appendix G</a>:.</p></div></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><p>No evidence was identified for health-related quality of life or unplanned ICU admission.</p><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.1.1"><h5>Glucose control versus standard care</h5><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.1.1.1"><h5>Mortality</h5><p>Twenty one studies demonstrated a clinically important benefit of glucose control in 30-day mortality compared to and standard care (21 studies, n=5623, moderate quality evidence).</p><p>Five studies showed no clinically important difference in mortality after 1 year between glucose control and standard care (5 studies, n=3087, moderate quality evidence).</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.1.1.2"><h5>Adverse events</h5><p>Three studies found a clinically important benefit of glucose control for the number of post-operative complications compared to standard care (3 studies, n=298, moderate quality evidence).</p><p>Seven studies showed no clinically important difference in pulmonary complications between glucose control and standard care (7 studies, n=1138, low quality evidence).</p><p>Twelve studies showed no clinically important difference in cardiovascular complications between glucose control and standard care (12 studies, n=3868, high quality evidence).</p><p>Two studies showed no clinically important difference in cardiovascular complications (cardiac complications) between glucose control and standard care (2 studies, n=306, low quality evidence).</p><p>Four studies showed no clinically important difference in cardiovascular complications (cardiac arrest) between glucose control and standard care (4 studies, n=1332, moderate quality evidence).</p><p>Two studies showed no clinically important difference in cardiovascular complications (myocardial infarction) between glucose control and standard care (2 studies, n=469, low quality evidence).</p><p>Seven studies showed no clinically important difference in cardiovascular complications (atrial fibrillation) between glucose control and standard care (7 studies, n=2305, high quality evidence).</p><p>One study showed no clinically important difference in cardiovascular complications (arrhythmia) between glucose control and standard care (1 study, n=381, low quality evidence).</p><p>One study showed no clinically important difference in cardiovascular complications (sternal instability) between glucose control and standard care (1 study, n=75, low quality evidence).</p><p>Five studies showed no clinically important difference in neurological complications (neurological deficit) between glucose control and standard care (5 studies, n=1726, high quality evidence).</p><p>Five studies showed no clinically important difference in neurological complications (stroke) between glucose control and standard care (5 studies, n=1521, low quality evidence).</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.1.1.3"><h5>Infection</h5><p>Seventeen studies showed no clinically important difference for infections between glucose control and standard care (17 studies, n=3948, high quality evidence).</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.1.1.4"><h5>Hypoglycaemic events</h5><p>Twenty two studies showed no clinically important difference for hypoglycaemic events between glucose control and standard care (21 studies, n=5665, high quality evidence).</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.1.1.5"><h5>Length of hospital stay</h5><p>Ten studies showed no clinically important difference in length of hospital stay between glucose control and standard care (10 studies, n=1081, moderate quality evidence).</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.1.1.6"><h5>Length of ICU stay</h5><p>Eleven studies showed no clinically important difference in length of ICU stay between glucose control and standard care (11 studies, n=1145, low quality evidence).</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.1.1.7"><h5>Readmissions</h5><p>Two studies showed no clinically important difference in hospital readmissions between glucose control and standard care (2 studies, n=478, moderate quality evidence).</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.1.1.8"><h5>Evidence not suitable for GRADE analysis</h5><p>Two studies found no statistically significant difference in quality of life between glucose control and standard care (2 studies, n=644, high risk of bias).</p><p>Seven studies showed no statistically significant difference in length of hospital stay between glucose control and standard care (7 studies, n=2865, low risk of bias).</p><p>Five studies showed no statistically significant difference in length of ICU stay between glucose control and standard care (5 studies, n=2668, high risk of bias).</p><p>Three studies showed a trend to harm with glucose control for hypoglycaemic events compared to standard care.</p><p>Two studies showed a statistically significant benefit with tight glucose control for risk of infection compared to standard care (2 studies, n=149, very high risk of bias).</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No relevant economic evaluations were identified.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><p>Please see recommendations 1.4.6 – 1.4.7 in the guideline.</p><div id="niceng180er11.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="niceng180er11.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee highlighted that inadequate glucose control is associated with risk of increased length of stay as a result of complications and even increased mortality. There has also been debate as to whether the benefits of tight glycaemic control with insulin outweighs the risk of harm from hypoglycaemia caused by intensive insulin therapy with intravenous insulin infusions. As such, the committee considered critical outcomes for decision making to be health-related quality of life, mortality, adverse events and complications, infections and hypoglycaemia, and important outcomes to be length of hospital stay, unplanned ICU admission, ICU length of stay and hospital readmission</p><p>No evidence was identified for health-related quality of life or unplanned ICU admission.</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The quality of evidence that was suitable for GRADE analysis ranged from low to high. The majority of the evidence was graded at moderate quality. This was mostly due to imprecision of data, reducing the certainty with which the committee could make conclusions from the evidence. The committee felt that the evidence presented was of sufficient quality and quantity to support the recommendations made.</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>The committee reviewed the body of evidence comparing tight glucose control to standard care.</p><p>Across most of the outcomes there was little evidence of clinically important difference between the two glucose control methods.</p><p>There was a visible trend of more hypoglycaemic events with tight glucose control, although this difference did not meet the threshold of clinically important difference. The committee felt that this was still a significant observation, given the significance of hypoglycaemic events and the efforts that should be made to avoid such outcomes.</p><p>Evidence showed a slight increase in risk in mortality at 30 days, although this difference was not seen at 1 year post-operatively. The committee considered that across all of the evidence from mortality, there was little to suggest a significant impact from glucose control.</p><p>Evidence from three studies showed a lower risk of post-operative complications with tight glucose control. However, evidence from seven studies showed no difference in pulmonary complications, evidence from 13 studies showed no difference in cardiovascular complications, and evidence from 10 studies showed no difference in neurological complications. There was also no evidence of difference in rate of infections, length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay or hospital readmissions.</p><p>The committee agreed that people undergoing surgery may require some blood glucose control to reduce the risk of infections, but also that healthcare professionals should endeavour to avoid the adverse events such as hypoglycaemic events from lowering a patient’s blood sugar too much in an attempt to achieve a tight blood glucose control due to the serious health implications. The committee added that a more liberal blood glucose control may allow planned surgery to go ahead even if the person undergoing surgery’s blood sugar is outside of the optimum range, where this surgery may have otherwise been unnecessarily cancelled.</p></div></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>No economic evaluations were identified for this question.</p><p>The clinical review showed that there was little evidence of an important difference between the two blood glucose control methods. The committee highlighted that both forms of blood glucose control would require monitoring the patient during surgery, which requires nurse time. The amount of insulin required to maintain the adequate blood glucose level varies between people, but with tight glucose control it may require more insulin and additional staff time as the patients are being monitored more strictly. Conclusions could not be made regarding the cost effectiveness of tight blood glucose control during surgery due to the clinical evidence not showing a benefit, and that it may lead to an increase in resource use.</p><p>The committee acknowledged that the recommendation would not lead to a substantial resource impact as current practice across most centres is to not routinely aim for tight blood glucose control.</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.s1.7.3"><h4>1.7.3. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>The committee recognised the importance of consulting with an inpatient specialist diabetes team before decisions around blood glucose monitoring and diabetes management are made during perioperative surgery.</p><p>The committee discussed that the range for blood glucose could be 6–10 mmol/L was desirable but this was not the focus of the evidence review.</p><p>The committee noted that patients who undergo surgery often develop a hypermetabolic stress response, which is characterised by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. The committee suggested that hyperglycaemia can often be an index of the stress the patient is undergoing perioperatively. The aim of intensive or tight glucose control is to achieve normoglycemia, although the evidence showed no overall clinical benefit to this strategy.</p><p>The committee were aware of a large body of research conducted in ICU medical patients reviewing the efficacy of tight glucose control. The committee noted that this evidence suggested an increased risk of hypoglycaemic events with tight glucose control. The committee considered this evidence when making a recommendation for patients undergoing surgery.</p><p>The recommendation will prevent surgical cancellations if a patient does not have optimised glucose control.</p><p>The committee were aware of the recommendations on target blood glucose in the NICE guideline of type 2 diabetes (NG28)</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng180er11.rl.r1"><h2 id="_niceng180er11_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref1">Abdelmalak
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BB, Bonilla
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A, Mascha
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EJ, Maheshwari
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A, Tang
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WH, You
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et al. Dexamethasone, light anaesthesia, and tight glucose control (DeLiT) randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2013; 111(2):209–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23539236" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23539236</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref2">Abdelmalak
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BB, Duncan
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AE, Bonilla
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A, Yang
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I, Fergany
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et al. The intraoperative glycemic response to intravenous insulin during noncardiac surgery: a subanalysis of the DeLiT randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2016; 29:19–29 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4762183/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4762183</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26897443" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26897443</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref3">Albacker
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T, Carvalho
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K. High-dose insulin therapy attenuates systemic inflammatory response in coronary artery bypass grafting patients. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2008; 86(1):20–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18573392" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18573392</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref4">Albacker
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T, Lachapelle
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K. Insulin therapy for improving cardiac surgical outcomes. Current Drug Targets. 2009; 10(6):499–504 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19519351" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19519351</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref5">Albacker
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TB, Carvalho
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K. Myocardial protection during elective coronary artery bypass grafting using high-dose insulin therapy. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2007; 84(6):1920–7; discussion 1920–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18036907" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18036907</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref6">Anonymous. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. The NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009; 360(13):1283–1297 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19318384" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19318384</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref7">Arabi
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YM, Dabbagh
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OC, Tamim
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HM, Al-Shimemeri
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ZA, Haddad
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et al. Intensive versus conventional insulin therapy: a randomized controlled trial in medical and surgical critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine. 2008; 36(12):3190–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18936702" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18936702</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref8">Azagury
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DE, Ris
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F, Pichard
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C, Volonte
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F, Karsegard
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L, Huber
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O. Does perioperative nutrition and oral carbohydrate load sustainably preserve muscle mass after bariatric surgery? A randomized control trial. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 2015; 11(4):920–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25851776" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25851776</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref9">Azarfarin
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R, Sheikhzadeh
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D, Mirinazhad
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M, Bilehjani
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E, Alizadehasl
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A. Do nondiabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery require intraoperative management of hyperglycemia?
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Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica. 2011; 49(2):41–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21729808" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21729808</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref10">Barcellos Cda
|
|
S, Wender
|
|
OC, Azambuja
|
|
PC. Clinical and hemodynamic outcome following coronary artery bypass surgery in diabetic patients using glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution: a randomized clinical trial. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular. 2007; 22(3):275–84 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18157412" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18157412</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref11">Behrendt
|
|
W, Raumanns
|
|
J, Hanse
|
|
J, Giani
|
|
G. Glucose, fructose, and xylitol in postoperative hypocaloric parenteral nutrition. Infusionstherapie. 1988; 15(4):170–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3141296" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3141296</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref12">Berkers
|
|
J, Gunst
|
|
J, Vanhorebeek
|
|
I, Van den Berghe
|
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G. Glycaemic control and perioperative organ protection. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology. 2008; 22(1):135–49 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18494393" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18494393</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref13">Bertrand
|
|
OF, Poirier
|
|
P, Rodés-Cabau
|
|
J, Rinfret
|
|
S, Title
|
|
L, Dzavik
|
|
V
|
|
et al. A multicentre, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating rosiglitazone for the prevention of atherosclerosis progression after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes. Design and rationale of the VeIn-Coronary aTherOsclerosis and Rosiglitazone after bypass surgerY (VICTORY) trial. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2009; 25(9):509–515 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2780908/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2780908</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19746240" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19746240</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref14">Besch
|
|
G, Perrotti
|
|
A, Mauny
|
|
F, Puyraveau
|
|
M, Baltres
|
|
M, Flicoteaux
|
|
G
|
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et al. Clinical effectiveness of intravenous exenatide infusion in perioperative glycemic control after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A phase II/III randomized trial. Anesthesiology. 2017; 127(5):775–787 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28820780" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28820780</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref15">Besogul
|
|
Y, Tunerir
|
|
B, Aslan
|
|
R, Isiksoy
|
|
S, Colak
|
|
O, Kural
|
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T. Clinical, biochemical and histochemical assessment of pretreatment with glucose-insulin-potassium for patients undergoing mitral valve replacement in the third and fourth functional groups of the New York Heart Association. Cardiovascular Surgery. 1999; 7(6):645–50 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10519674" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10519674</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref16">Bhamidipati
|
|
CM, LaPar
|
|
DJ, Stukenborg
|
|
GJ, Morrison
|
|
CC, Kern
|
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JA, Kron
|
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IL
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et al. Superiority of moderate control of hyperglycemia to tight control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2011; 141(2):543–51 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3099050/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3099050</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21163498" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21163498</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref17">Bilotta
|
|
F, Caramia
|
|
R, Paoloni
|
|
FP, Delfini
|
|
R, Rosa
|
|
G. Safety and efficacy of intensive insulin therapy in critical neurosurgical patients. Anesthesiology. 2009; 110(3):611–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19237874" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19237874</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref18">Blaha
|
|
J, Mraz
|
|
M, Kopecky
|
|
P, Stritesky
|
|
M, Lips
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M, Matias
|
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M
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et al. Perioperative tight glucose control reduces postoperative adverse events in nondiabetic cardiac surgery patients. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2015; 100(8):3081–3089 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26079777" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26079777</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref19">Blixt
|
|
C, Ahlstedt
|
|
C, Ljungqvist
|
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O, Isaksson
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B, Kalman
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S, Rooyackers
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O. The effect of perioperative glucose control on postoperative insulin resistance. Clinical Nutrition. 2012; 31(5):676–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22409999" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22409999</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref20">Bode
|
|
BW, Braithwaite
|
|
SS, Steed
|
|
RD, Davidson
|
|
PC. Intravenous insulin infusion therapy: indications, methods, and transition to subcutaneous insulin therapy. Endocrine Practice. 2004; 10(Suppl 2):71–80 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15251644" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15251644</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref21">Boldt
|
|
J, Knothe
|
|
C, Zickmann
|
|
B, Dunnes
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S, Dapper
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F, Hempelmann
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G. Influence of different glucose-insulin-potassium regimes on glucose homeostasis and hormonal response in cardiac surgery patients. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1993; 76(2):233–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8424497" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8424497</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>22.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref22">Bothe
|
|
W, Olschewski
|
|
M, Beyersdorf
|
|
F, Doenst
|
|
T. Glucose-insulin-potassium in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2004; 78(5):1650–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15511450" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15511450</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref23">Brodin
|
|
LA, Dahlgren
|
|
G, Ekestrom
|
|
S, Settergren
|
|
G, Ohqvist
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G. Influence of glucose-insulin-potassium on left ventricular function during coronary artery bypass grafting. Scandinavian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1993; 27(1):27–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8493493" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8493493</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref24">Bruemmer-Smith
|
|
S, Avidan
|
|
MS, Harris
|
|
B, Sudan
|
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S, Sherwood
|
|
R, Desai
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JB
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et al. Glucose, insulin and potassium for heart protection during cardiac surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2002; 88(4):489–95 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12066723" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12066723</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref25">Buchleitner
|
|
AM, Martínez-Alonso
|
|
M, Hernández
|
|
M, Solà
|
|
I, Mauricio
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D. Perioperative glycaemic control for diabetic patients undergoing surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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|
|
J, Wagenknecht
|
|
LE, Legault
|
|
C, Zaccaro
|
|
DJ, Kon
|
|
ND, Hammon
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JW, Jr.
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et al. Attempted control of hyperglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass fails to improve neurologic or neurobehavioral outcomes in patients without diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2005; 130(5):1319 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16256784" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16256784</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref27">Cao
|
|
S, Zhou
|
|
Y, Chen
|
|
D, Niu
|
|
Z, Wang
|
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D, Lv
|
|
L
|
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et al. Intensive versus conventional insulin therapy in nondiabetic patients receiving parenteral nutrition after D2 gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2011; 15(11):1961–1968 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21904964" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21904964</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref28">Cao
|
|
SG, Zhou
|
|
YB, Zhang
|
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CK, Chen
|
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D, Yu
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YY, Lu
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LF. Effect of intensive insulin therapy on the clinical results of postoperative patients with gastric cancer. Chinese Journal of Surgery. 2008; 46(12):918–920 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19035150" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19035150</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref29">Cardona
|
|
S, Pasquel
|
|
FJ, Fayfman
|
|
M, Peng
|
|
L, Jacobs
|
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S, Vellanki
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P
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et al. Hospitalization costs and clinical outcomes in CABG patients treated with intensive insulin therapy. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 2017; 31(4):742–747 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28161384" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28161384</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref30">Celkan
|
|
MA, Kazaz
|
|
H, Daglar
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B, Celik
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A, Koruk
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S, Kocoglu
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H. Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium solution on cardiac cytokines and enzymes. Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon. 2006; 54(8):532–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17151968" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17151968</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref31">Chan
|
|
RP, Galas
|
|
FR, Hajjar
|
|
LA, Bello
|
|
CN, Piccioni
|
|
MA, Auler
|
|
JO, Jr.
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Intensive perioperative glucose control does not improve outcomes of patients submitted to open-heart surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Clinics. 2009; 64(1):51–60 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2671976/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2671976</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19142552" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19142552</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>32.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref32">Chaney
|
|
MA, Nikolov
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MP, Blakeman
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BP, Bakhos
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M. Attempting to maintain normoglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass with insulin may initiate postoperative hypoglycemia. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1999; 89(5):1091–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10553817" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10553817</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref33">Chin
|
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KJ, Macachor
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J, Ong
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KC, Ong
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BC. A comparison of 5% dextrose in 0.9% normal saline versus non-dextrose-containing crystalloids as the initial intravenous replacement fluid in elective surgery. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 2006; 34(5):613–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17061636" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17061636</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>34.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref34">Chuah
|
|
LL, Miras
|
|
AD, Papamargaritis
|
|
D, Jackson
|
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SN, Olbers
|
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T, le Roux
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CW. Impact of perioperative management of glycemia in severely obese diabetic patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 2015; 11(3):578–84 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25863535" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25863535</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>35.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref35">Codere-Maruyama
|
|
T, Schricker
|
|
T, Shum-Tim
|
|
D, Wykes
|
|
L, Nitschmann
|
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E, Guichon
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C
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et al. Hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp administered together with amino acids induces anabolism after cardiac surgery. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative & Comparative Physiology. 2016; 311(6):R1085–R1092 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27707724" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27707724</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref36">Coleman
|
|
GM, Gradinac
|
|
S, Taegtmeyer
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H, Sweeney
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M, Frazier
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OH. Efficacy of metabolic support with glucose-insulin-potassium for left ventricular pump failure after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Circulation. 1989; 80(3 Pt 1):I91–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2670331" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2670331</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref37">D’Alessandro
|
|
C, Leprince
|
|
P, Golmard
|
|
JL, Ouattara
|
|
A, Aubert
|
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S, Pavie
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A
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et al. Strict glycemic control reduces EuroSCORE expected mortality in diabetic patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2007; 134(1):29–37 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17599483" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17599483</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref38">De La Rosa
|
|
GDC, Donado
|
|
JH, Restrepo
|
|
AH, Quintero
|
|
AM, González
|
|
LG, Saldarriaga
|
|
NE
|
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et al. Strict glycaemic control in patients hospitalised in a mixed medical and surgical intensive care unit: a randomised clinical trial. Critical Care. 2008; 12:R120–R120 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2592751/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2592751</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18799004" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18799004</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref39">Desai
|
|
SP, Henry
|
|
LL, Holmes
|
|
SD, Hunt
|
|
SL, Martin
|
|
CT, Hebsur
|
|
S
|
|
et al. Strict versus liberal target range for perioperative glucose in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2012; 143(2):318–25 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22137804" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22137804</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref40">Diez
|
|
JJ. Perioperative management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by two techniques of insulin infusion. A randomized clinical study. Endocrinologia. 1991; 38:108–112</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>41.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref41">Duncan
|
|
AE, Kateby Kashy
|
|
B, Sarwar
|
|
S, Singh
|
|
A, Stenina-Adognravi
|
|
O, Christoffersen
|
|
S
|
|
et al. Hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia does not meaningfully improve myocardial performance during cardiac surgery: A randomized trial. Anesthesiology. 2015; 123(2):272–87 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4511921/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4511921</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26200180" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26200180</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>42.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref42">Duncan
|
|
AE, Sessler
|
|
DI, Sato
|
|
H, Sato
|
|
T, Nakazawa
|
|
K, Carvalho
|
|
G
|
|
et al. Hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia during cardiac surgery reduces a composite of 30-day mortality and serious in-hospital complications: A randomized clinical trial. Anesthesiology. 2018; 128(6):1125–1139 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6509049/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6509049</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537981" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29537981</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref43">Emam
|
|
IA, Allan
|
|
A, Eskander
|
|
K, Dhanraj
|
|
K, Farag
|
|
el S, El-Kadi
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|
Y
|
|
et al. Our experience of controlling diabetes in the peri-operative period of patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2010; 88(3):242–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20395003" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20395003</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref44">Everett
|
|
E, Mathioudakis
|
|
N. Inpatient glycemic management of non-cardiac CVD: Focus on stroke and PVD. Current Diabetes Reports. 2018; 18:49 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7038821/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7038821</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29907898" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29907898</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>45.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref45">Fan
|
|
Y, Zhang
|
|
AM, Xiao
|
|
YB, Weng
|
|
YG, Hetzer
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|
R. Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2011; 40(1):192–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21075642" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21075642</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>46.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref46">Fisette
|
|
A, Hassanain
|
|
M, Metrakos
|
|
P, Doi
|
|
SA, Salman
|
|
A, Schricker
|
|
T
|
|
et al. High-dose insulin therapy reduces postoperative liver dysfunction and complications in liver resection patients through reduced apoptosis and altered inflammation. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2012; 97(1):217–226 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22031518" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22031518</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>47.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref47">Freitas
|
|
PS, Romanzini
|
|
AE, Ribeiro
|
|
JC, Bellusse
|
|
GC, Galvão
|
|
CM. Blood glucose control in the perioperative period: evidence for preventing surgical site infections. Revista Eletronica de Enfermagem. 2013; 15(2):541–550</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>48.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref48">Fujino
|
|
H, Itoda
|
|
S, Esaki
|
|
K, Tsukamoto
|
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M, Sako
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S, Matsuo
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K
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et al. Intra-operative administration of low-dose IV glucose attenuates post-operative insulin resistance. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014; 23(3):400–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25164450" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25164450</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>49.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref49">Fujita
|
|
Y, Tokunaga
|
|
C, Yamaguchi
|
|
S, Nakamura
|
|
K, Horiguchi
|
|
Y, Kaneko
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M
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et al. Effect of intraoperative amino acids with or without glucose infusion on body temperature, insulin, and blood glucose levels in patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy: a preliminary report. Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica. 2014; 52(3):101–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25085017" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25085017</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>50.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref50">Furnary
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AP, Wu
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|
Y, Bookin
|
|
SO. Effect of hyperglycemia and continuous intravenous insulin infusions on outcomes of cardiac surgical procedures: the Portland Diabetic Project. Endocrine Practice. 2004; 10(Suppl 2):21–33 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15251637" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15251637</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>51.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref51">Gandhi
|
|
GY, Murad
|
|
MH, Flynn
|
|
DN, Erwin
|
|
PJ, Cavalcante
|
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AB, Bay Nielsen
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H
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|
et al. Effect of perioperative insulin infusion on surgical morbidity and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2008; 83(4):418–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18380987" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18380987</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>52.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref52">Gandhi
|
|
GY, Nuttall
|
|
GA, Abel
|
|
MD, Mullany
|
|
CJ, Schaff
|
|
HV, O’Brien
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PC
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|
et al. Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2007; 146(4):233–43 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17310047" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17310047</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>53.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref53">Gandhi
|
|
H, Sarvaia
|
|
A, Malhotra
|
|
A, Acharya
|
|
H, Shah
|
|
K, Rajavat
|
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J. Effects of glargine insulin on glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus type II undergoing offpump coronary artery bypass graft. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia. 2018; 21(2):167–172 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5914217/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5914217</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29652278" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29652278</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>54.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref54">Ghods
|
|
K, Davari
|
|
H, Ebrahimian
|
|
A. Evaluation of the effect of metformin and insulin in hyperglycemia treatment after coronary artery bypass surgery in nondiabetic patients. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia. 2017; 20(4):427–431 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5661312/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5661312</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28994678" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28994678</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>55.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref55">Giakoumidakis
|
|
K, Eltheni
|
|
R, Patelarou
|
|
E, Theologou
|
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S, Patris
|
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V, Michopanou
|
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N
|
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et al. Effects of intensive glycemic control on outcomes of cardiac surgery. Heart and Lung. 2013; 42(2):146–51 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23453011" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23453011</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>56.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref56">Giannini
|
|
F, Latib
|
|
A, Jabbour
|
|
RJ, Ruparelia
|
|
N, Aurelio
|
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A, Ancona
|
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MB
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et al. Impact of post-procedural hyperglycemia on acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. International Journal of Cardiology. 2016; 221:892–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27434367" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27434367</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>57.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref57">Girard
|
|
C, Quentin
|
|
P, Bouvier
|
|
H, Blanc
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|
P, Bastien
|
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O, Lehot
|
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JJ
|
|
et al. Glucose and insulin supply before cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery: a double-blind study. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1992; 54(2):259–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1637215" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1637215</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>58.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref58">Gonzalez-Michaca
|
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L, Ahumada
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M, Ponce-de-Leon
|
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S. Insulin subcutaneous application vs. continuous infusion for postoperative blood glucose control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Archives of Medical Research. 2002; 33(1):48–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11825631" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11825631</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>59.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref59">Grey
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NJ, Perdrizet
|
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GA. Reduction of nosocomial infections in the surgical intensive-care unit by strict glycemic control. Endocrine Practice. 2004; 10(Suppl 2):46–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15251640" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15251640</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>60.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref60">Groban
|
|
L, Butterworth
|
|
J, Legault
|
|
C, Rogers
|
|
AT, Kon
|
|
ND, Hammon
|
|
JW. Intraoperative insulin therapy does not reduce the need for inotropic or antiarrhythmic therapy after cardiopulmonary bypass. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2002; 16(4):405–12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12154416" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12154416</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>61.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref61">Gustafson
|
|
PA, Zarro
|
|
DL, Palanzo
|
|
DA, Manley
|
|
NJ, Montesano
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|
RM, Quinn
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M
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et al. Conventional approach to glucose management for diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Perfusion. 2002; 17(2):141–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11958305" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11958305</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>62.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref62">Haga
|
|
KK, McClymont
|
|
KL, Clarke
|
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S, Grounds
|
|
RS, Ng
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KY, Glyde
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DW
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et al. The effect of tight glycaemic control, during and after cardiac surgery, on patient mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2011; 6:3 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3023693/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3023693</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21219624" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21219624</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>63.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref63">Haider
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W, Benzer
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H, Schutz
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|
W, Wolner
|
|
E. Improvement of cardiac preservation by preoperative high insulin supply. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1984; 88(2):294–300 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6379307" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6379307</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>64.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref64">Hallhagen
|
|
S, Svedjeholm
|
|
R, Ekroth
|
|
R, Nilsson
|
|
F, Svensson
|
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S, Vinnars
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E
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et al. Effects of insulin on myocardial uptake of branched chain amino acids soon after cardiac operations. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1992; 103(1):98–107 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1728720" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1728720</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>65.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref65">Hasegawa
|
|
A, Iwasaka
|
|
H, Hagiwara
|
|
S, Koga
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H, Hasegawa
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R, Kudo
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K
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et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of perioperative intensive insulin therapy during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Surgery Today. 2011; 41(10):1385–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21922361" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21922361</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>66.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref66">Hassanain
|
|
M, Metrakos
|
|
P, Fisette
|
|
A, Doi
|
|
SA, Schricker
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T, Lattermann
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R
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et al. Randomized clinical trial of the impact of insulin therapy on liver function in patients undergoing major liver resection. British Journal of Surgery. 2013; 100(5):610–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23339047" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23339047</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>67.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref67">Hatzakorzian
|
|
R, Carvalho
|
|
G, Bui
|
|
H, Sato
|
|
T, Wykes
|
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L, Shum-Tim
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D
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et al. High-dose insulin administration is associated with hypoaminoacidemia during cardiac surgery. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 2011; 60(10):1392–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21616512" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21616512</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>68.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref68">Hatzakorzian
|
|
R, Shum-Tim
|
|
D, Wykes
|
|
L, Hulshoff
|
|
A, Bui
|
|
H, Nitschmann
|
|
E
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et al. Glucose and insulin administration while maintaining normoglycemia inhibits whole body protein breakdown and synthesis after cardiac surgery. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2014; 117(11):1380–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25257875" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25257875</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>69.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref69">Hawkins
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K, Donihi
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AC, Korytkowski
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MT. Glycemic management in medical and surgical patients in the Non-ICU setting. Current Diabetes Reports. 2013; 13(1):96–106 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23100037" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23100037</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>70.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref70">Hayakawa
|
|
J, Motohashi
|
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H, Sairenji
|
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M, Kobayashi
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O, Takahashi
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M, Usuda
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Y. The effects of intraoperative glucose infusion on portal blood insulin concentration and hepatic mitochondrial redox state during surgery: comparison of short-term and continuous infusions. Surgery Today. 2000; 30(3):228–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10752774" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10752774</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>71.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref71">He
|
|
W, Zhang
|
|
TY, Zhou
|
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H, Li
|
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T, Zhao
|
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JY, Zhao
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D
|
|
et al. Impact of intensive insulin therapy on surgical critically ill patients. Chinese Journal of Surgery. 2007; 45(15):1052–1054 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18005588" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18005588</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>72.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref72">Hecking
|
|
M, Haidinger
|
|
M, Doller
|
|
D, Werzowa
|
|
J, Tura
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A, Zhang
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J
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|
et al. Early basal insulin therapy decreases new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2012; 23(4):739–749 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3312499/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3312499</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22343119" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22343119</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>73.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref73">Higgs
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M, Fernandez
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R. The effect of insulin therapy algorithms on blood glucose levels in patients following cardiac surgery: a systematic review. JBI Database Of Systematic Reviews And Implementation Reports. 2015; 13(5):205–43 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26455610" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26455610</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>74.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref74">Hoedemaekers
|
|
CW, Pickkers
|
|
P, Netea
|
|
MG, van Deuren
|
|
M, Van der Hoeven
|
|
JG. Intensive insulin therapy does not alter the inflammatory response in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN95608630]. Critical Care. 2005; 9:R790–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1414017/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1414017</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16356228" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16356228</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>75.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref75">Hua
|
|
J, Chen
|
|
G, Li
|
|
H, Fu
|
|
S, Zhang
|
|
LM, Scott
|
|
M
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et al. Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional insulin therapy during cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2012; 26(5):829–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22336691" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22336691</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>76.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref76">Hynninen
|
|
M, Borger
|
|
MA, Rao
|
|
V, Weisel
|
|
RD, Christakis
|
|
GT, Carroll
|
|
JA
|
|
et al. The effect of insulin cardioplegia on atrial fibrillation after high-risk coronary bypass surgery: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2001; 92(4):810–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11273907" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11273907</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>77.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref77">Ingels
|
|
C, Debaveye
|
|
Y, Milants
|
|
I, Buelens
|
|
E, Peeraer
|
|
A, Devriendt
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|
Y
|
|
et al. Strict blood glucose control with insulin during intensive care after cardiac surgery: impact on 4-years survival, dependency on medical care, and quality-of-life. European Heart Journal. 2006; 27(22):2716–24 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16608860" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16608860</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>78.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref78">Ji
|
|
Q, Ding
|
|
W, Mei
|
|
Y, Wang
|
|
X, Feng
|
|
J, Cai
|
|
J. Protective effects of tight glucose control during cardiopulmonary bypass on myocardium in adult nondiabetic patients undergoing valve replacement. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2014; 30(11):1429–35 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25228130" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25228130</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>79.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref79">Kalfon
|
|
P, Giraudeau
|
|
B, Ichai
|
|
C, Guerrini
|
|
A, Brechot
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N, Cinotti
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R
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et al. Tight computerized versus conventional glucose control in the ICU: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Medicine. 2014; 40(2):171–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24420499" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24420499</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>80.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref80">Kang
|
|
H, Ahn
|
|
KJ, Choi
|
|
JY, Park
|
|
HJ, Park
|
|
SJ, Lee
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SK. Efficacy of insulin glargine in perioperative glucose control in type 2 diabetic patients. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2009; 26(8):666–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19367171" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19367171</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>81.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref81">Kang
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ZQ, Huo
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JL, Zhai
|
|
XJ. Effects of perioperative tight glycemic control on postoperative outcomes: a meta-analysis. Endocrine Connections. 2018; 7(12):R316–R327 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6240152/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6240152</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30120204" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30120204</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>82.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref82">Kansagara
|
|
D, Fu
|
|
R, Freeman
|
|
M, Wolf
|
|
F, Helfand
|
|
M. Intensive insulin therapy in hospitalized patients: a systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2011; 154(4):268–82 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21320942" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21320942</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>83.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref83">Kirdemir
|
|
P, Yildirim
|
|
V, Kiris
|
|
I, Gulmen
|
|
S, Kuralay
|
|
E, Ibrisim
|
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E
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et al. Does continuous insulin therapy reduce postoperative supraventricular tachycardia incidence after coronary artery bypass operations in diabetic patients?
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Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2008; 22(3):383–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18503925" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18503925</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>84.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref84">Kittelson
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K. Glycemic control: a literature review with implications for perioperative nursing practice. AORN Journal. 2009; 90(5):714–26; quiz 727–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19953733" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19953733</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>85.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref85">Kjellman
|
|
UW, Bjork
|
|
K, Dahlin
|
|
A, Ekroth
|
|
R, Kirno
|
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K, Svensson
|
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G
|
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et al. Insulin(GIK) improves myocardial metabolism in patients during blood cardioplegia. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. 2000; 34(3):321–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10935781" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10935781</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>86.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref86">Korusic
|
|
A, Hauptman
|
|
A, Brundula
|
|
A, Duzel
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V, Husedzinovic
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I, Horic
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M
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et al. Perioperative management with glucose solution and insulin. Collegium Antropologicum. 2009; 33(2):653–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19662793" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19662793</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>87.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref87">Koskenkari
|
|
JK, Kaukoranta
|
|
PK, Kiviluoma
|
|
KT, Raatikainen
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MJ, Ohtonen
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PP, Ala-Kokko
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TI. Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of high-dose insulin treatment in aortic valve and coronary surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2005; 80(2):511–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16039195" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16039195</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>88.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref88">Koskenkari
|
|
JK, Kaukoranta
|
|
PK, Rimpilainen
|
|
J, Vainionpaa
|
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V, Ohtonen
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PP, Surcel
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HM
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et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of high-dose insulin treatment after urgent coronary revascularization surgery. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2006; 50(8):962–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16923091" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16923091</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>89.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref89">Kuusisto
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A. Insulin treatment for diabetes on the day of surgery. Duodecim. 1990; 106(5):415–421 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1670109" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1670109</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>90.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref90">Langenberg
|
|
CJ, Pietersen
|
|
HG, Geskes
|
|
G, Wagenmakers
|
|
AJ, Lange
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SD, Schouten
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HJ
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et al. The effect of glutamate infusion on cardiac performance is independent of changes in metabolism in patients undergoing routine coronary artery bypass surgery. Clinical Science. 2001; 101(6):573–80 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11724641" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11724641</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>91.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref91">Langlois
|
|
J, Bouyer
|
|
B, Larroque
|
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B, Dauzac
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C, Guigui
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P. Glycemic instability of non-diabetic patients after spine surgery: a prospective cohort study. European Spine Journal. 2014; 23(11):2455–2461 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25103953" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25103953</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>92.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref92">Lazar
|
|
HL, Chipkin
|
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S, Philippides
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G, Bao
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Y, Apstein
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C. Glucose-insulin-potassium solutions improve outcomes in diabetics who have coronary artery operations. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2000; 70(1):145–50 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10921699" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10921699</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>93.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref93">Lazar
|
|
HL, Chipkin
|
|
SR, Fitzgerald
|
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CA, Bao
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Y, Cabral
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H, Apstein
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CS. Tight glycemic control in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft patients improves perioperative outcomes and decreases recurrent ischemic events. Circulation. 2004; 109(12):1497–1502 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15006999" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15006999</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>94.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref94">Lazar
|
|
HL, Philippides
|
|
G, Fitzgerald
|
|
C, Lancaster
|
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D, Shemin
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RJ, Apstein
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C. Glucose-insulin-potassium solutions enhance recovery after urgent coronary artery bypass grafting. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1997; 113(2):354–60; discussion 360–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9040630" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9040630</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>95.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref95">Lell
|
|
WA, Nielsen
|
|
VG, McGiffin
|
|
DC, Schmidt
|
|
FE, Jr., Kirklin
|
|
JK, Stanley
|
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AW, Jr.
|
|
Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion for myocardial protection during off-pump coronary artery surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2002; 73(4):1246–51; discussion 1251–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11998815" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11998815</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>96.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref96">Li
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JY, Sun
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S, Wu
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SJ. Continuous insulin infusion improves postoperative glucose control in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Texas Heart Institute Journal. 2006; 33(4):445–51 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1764949/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1764949</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17215967" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17215967</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>97.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref97">Lindholm
|
|
L, Bengtsson
|
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A, Hansdottir
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V, Westerlind
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A, Jeppsson
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A. Insulin (GIK) improves central mixed and hepatic venous oxygenation in clinical cardiac surgery. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. 2001; 35(5):347–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11771827" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11771827</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>98.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref98">Lindholm
|
|
L, Nilsson
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B, Kirno
|
|
K, Sellgren
|
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J, Nilsson
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F, Jeppsson
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A. Is skeletal muscle luxury perfusion the main hemodynamic effect of high-dose insulin in cardiac surgery?
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Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. 2000; 34(4):396–402 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10983674" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10983674</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>99.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref99">Liu
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HC, Zhou
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YB, Chen
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D, Niu
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ZJ, Yu
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Y. Effect of intensive insulin therapy on resting energy expenditure in postoperative patients underwent radical distal gastrectomy. Chinese Journal of Surgery. 2011; 49(9):789–794 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22177431" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22177431</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>100.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref100">Ljungqvist
|
|
O, Thorell
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A, Gutniak
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M, Haggmark
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T, Efendic
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S. Glucose infusion instead of preoperative fasting reduces postoperative insulin resistance. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 1994; 178(4):329–336 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8149032" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8149032</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>101.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref101">Lolley
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DM, Myers
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WO, Ray
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JF, 3rd, Sautter
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RD, Tewksbury
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DA. Clinical experience with preoperative myocardial nutrition management. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 1985; 26(3):236–43 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3889009" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3889009</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>102.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref102">Lolley
|
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DM, Ray
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JF, 3rd., Myers
|
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WO, Sheldon
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G, Sautter
|
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RD. Reduction of intraoperative myocardial infarction by means of exogenous anaerobic substrate enhancement: prospective randomized study. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1978; 26(6):515–24 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/313765" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 313765</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>103.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref103">Ma
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|
L, Wu
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K, An
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YY, Song
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T, Yu
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XY. [Effect of intensive glucose control during peri-operative period on prognosis of patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis]. Chinese Critical Care Medicine. 2012; 24(4):201–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22464570" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22464570</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>104.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref104">Marfella
|
|
R, Di Filippo
|
|
C, Portoghese
|
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M, Ferraraccio
|
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F, Rizzo
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MR, Siniscalchi
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M
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et al. Tight glycemic control reduces heart inflammation and remodeling during acute myocardial infarction in hyperglycemic patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2009; 53(16):1425–1436 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19371826" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19371826</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>105.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref105">Marfella
|
|
R, Rizzo
|
|
MR, Siniscalchi
|
|
M, Paolisso
|
|
P, Barbieri
|
|
M, Sardu
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C
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et al. Peri-procedural tight glycemic control during early percutaneous coronary intervention up-regulates endothelial progenitor cell level and differentiation during acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: effects on myocardial salvage. International Journal of Cardiology. 2013; 168(4):3954–62 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23876463" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23876463</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>106.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref106">Marfella
|
|
R, Sasso
|
|
FC, Cacciapuoti
|
|
F, Portoghese
|
|
M, Rizzo
|
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MR, Siniscalchi
|
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M
|
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et al. Tight glycemic control may increase regenerative potential of myocardium during acute infarction. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2012; 97(3):933–942 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22170713" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22170713</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>107.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref107">Miriam
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A, Korula
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G. A simple glucose insulin regimen for perioperative blood glucose control: the Vellore regimen. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2004; 99(2):598–602 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15271748" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15271748</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>108.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref108">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual, updated 2018. London. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Available from: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/process/pmg20/chapter<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/introduction-and-overview</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26677490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26677490</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>109.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref109">Navaratnarajah
|
|
M, Rea
|
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R, Evans
|
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R, Gibson
|
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F, Antoniades
|
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C, Keiralla
|
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A
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et al. Effect of glycaemic control on complications following cardiac surgery: literature review. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2018; 13(1):10 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5773148/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5773148</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29343294" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29343294</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>110.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref110">Nicolson
|
|
SC, Jobes
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|
DR, Zucker
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|
HA, Steven
|
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JM, Schreiner
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MS, Betts
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EK. The effect of administering or withholding dextrose in pre-bypass intravenous fluids on intraoperative blood glucose concentrations in infants undergoing hypothermic circulatory arrest. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 1992; 6(3):316–318 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1610998" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1610998</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>111.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref111">Nilsson
|
|
FN, Berglin
|
|
EE, Ekroth
|
|
R, Holm
|
|
G, Milocco
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I, Mjos
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OD
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et al. Effects of graded insulin infusions on plasma levels of free fatty acids, adrenaline and noradrenaline directly after open heart surgery. Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon. 1987; 35(2):96–100 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2440143" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2440143</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>112.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref112">Okabayashi
|
|
T, Maeda
|
|
H, Sun
|
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ZL, Montgomery
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|
RA, Nishimori
|
|
I, Hanazaki
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K. Perioperative insulin therapy using a closed-loop artificial endocrine pancreas after hepatic resection. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2009; 15(33):4116–21 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2738805/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2738805</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19725143" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19725143</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>113.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref113">Okabayashi
|
|
T, Nishimori
|
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I, Maeda
|
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H, Yamashita
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K, Yatabe
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T, Hanazaki
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K. Effect of intensive insulin therapy using a closed-loop glycemic control system in hepatic resection patients: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32(8):1425–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2713620/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2713620</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19435954" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19435954</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>114.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref114">Okabayashi
|
|
T, Nishimori
|
|
I, Yamashita
|
|
K, Sugimoto
|
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T, Maeda
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H, Yatabe
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T
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et al. Continuous postoperative blood glucose monitoring and control by artificial pancreas in patients having pancreatic resection: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Archives of Surgery. 2009; 144(10):933–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19841361" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19841361</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>115.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref115">Okabayashi
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T, Shima
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Y. Are closed-loop systems for intensive insulin therapy ready for prime time in the ICU?
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2014; 17(2):190–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24378668" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24378668</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>116.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref116">Oldfield
|
|
GS, Commerford
|
|
PJ, Opie
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LH. Effects of preoperative glucose-insulin-potassium on myocardial glycogen levels and on complications of mitral valve replacement. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1986; 91(6):874–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3520160" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3520160</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>117.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref117">Ouattara
|
|
A, Lecomte
|
|
P, Le Manach
|
|
Y, Landi
|
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M, Jacqueminet
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S, Platonov
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I
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|
|
J, Roll
|
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GR, Wisel
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S, Rushakoff
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RJ, Hirose
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R. Effect of moderately intense perioperative glucose control on renal allograft function: a pilot randomized controlled trial in renal transplantation. Clinical Transplantation. 2016; 30(10):1242–1249 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8354204/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8354204</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27423055" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27423055</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>119.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref119">Pearlstone
|
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DB, Wolf
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RF, Berman
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RS, Burt
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M, Brennan
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MF. Effect of systemic insulin on protein kinetics in postoperative cancer patients. Annals of Surgical Oncology. 1994; 1(4):321–32 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7850531" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7850531</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>120.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref120">Pezzella
|
|
AT, Holmes
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SD, Pritchard
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G, Speir
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AM, Ad
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N. Impact of perioperative glycemic control strategy on patient survival after coronary bypass surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2014; 98(4):1281–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25134860" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25134860</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>121.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref121">Polderman
|
|
JA, Ma
|
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XL, Eshuis
|
|
WJ, Hollmann
|
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MW, DeVries
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JH, Preckel
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B
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|
|
JAW, van Steen
|
|
SCJ, Thiel
|
|
B, Godfried
|
|
MB, Houweling
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|
PL, Hollmann
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MW
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|
|
JC, Devos
|
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P, Ruiz-Santana
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|
S, Melot
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C, Annane
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D, Groeneveld
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|
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A, Humphrey
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LL, Chou
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R, Snow
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V, Shekelle
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P, Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of P. Use of intensive insulin therapy for the management of glycemic control in hospitalized patients: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2011; 154(4):260–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21320941" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21320941</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>125.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref125">Quinn
|
|
DW, Pagano
|
|
D, Bonser
|
|
RS, Rooney
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SJ, Graham
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TR, Wilson
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IC
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et al. Improved myocardial protection during coronary artery surgery with glucose-insulin-potassium: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2006; 131(1):34–42 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16399292" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16399292</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>126.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref126">Rabi
|
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D, Clement
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F, McAlister
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F, Majumdar
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S, Sauve
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R, Johnson
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SR, Ballehaninna
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UK, Chamberlain
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RS. The impact of perioperative blood glucose levels on pancreatic cancer prognosis and surgical outcomes: an evidence-based review. Pancreas. 2013; 42(8):1210–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24152946" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24152946</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>128.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref128">Ranasinghe
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AM, Quinn
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DW, Pagano
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D, Edwards
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N, Faroqui
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M, Graham
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V, Borger
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MA, Weisel
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RD, Ivanov
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GT, Cohen
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et al. Insulin cardioplegia for elective coronary bypass surgery. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2000; 119(6):1176–84 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10838535" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10838535</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>130.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref130">Rao
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V, Christakis
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GT, Weisel
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RD, Ivanov
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MA, Cohen
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G. The insulin cardioplegia trial: myocardial protection for urgent coronary artery bypass grafting. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2002; 123(5):928–35 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12019378" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12019378</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>131.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref131">Rao
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V, Cohen
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G, Weisel
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RD, Merante
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F, Ikonomidis
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JS, Ivanov
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AJ, Marrin
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CA, Arruda
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PK, Beach
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M, Yeager
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MP. Insulin infusion improves neutrophil function in diabetic cardiac surgery patients. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1999; 88(5):1011–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10320160" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10320160</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>133.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref133">Raucoules-Aime
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M, Labib
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Y, Levraut
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J, Gastaud
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|
|
M, Lugrin
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D, Boussofara
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M, Gastaud
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P, Dolisi
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D. Intraoperative glycaemic control in non-insulin-dependent and insulin-dependent diabetes. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1994; 73(4):443–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7999482" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7999482</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>135.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref135">Ray
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JF, 3rd., Tewksbury
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DA, Myers
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RD. Can the frequency of myocardial infarction be reduced during coronary artery operations. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1977; 23:14–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/299803" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 299803</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>136.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref136">Rucka
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Z, Koutna
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I, Tesarova
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L, Potesilova
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M, Stejskal
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S, Simara
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P
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P, Liabsuetrakul
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T, McNeil
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E, Chanchayanon
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T, Wasinwong
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W, Oofuvong
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M
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TA, Wasan
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SM, Charrette
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OP, Prashanth
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P, Tauro
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DI. Attempting to maintain normoglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass with insulin may initiate post-operative hypoglycemia. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 2003; 18(2):119–26 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3453891/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3453891</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23105402" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23105402</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>140.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref140">Sathya
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B, Davis
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R, Taveira
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T, Whitlatch
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H, Wu
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WC. Intensity of peri-operative glycemic control and postoperative outcomes in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2013; 102(1):8–15 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23746852" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23746852</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>141.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref141">Sato
|
|
H, Carvalho
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G, Sato
|
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T, Lattermann
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R, Matsukawa
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T, Schricker
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|
|
H, Hatzakorzian
|
|
R, Carvalho
|
|
G, Sato
|
|
T, Lattermann
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R, Matsukawa
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T
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|
|
H, Lattermann
|
|
R, Carvalho
|
|
G, Sato
|
|
T, Metrakos
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P, Hassanain
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M
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D, Yurtseven
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N, Tuygun
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AK, Aksoy
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P, Canik
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S. The effects of insulin given prior to release of cross-clamp on coronary sinus lactate levels in coronary artery surgery. Anatolian Journal of Cardiology. 2006; 6(3):248–252 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16943110" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16943110</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>145.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref145">Sawada
|
|
A, Kamada
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Y, Hayashi
|
|
H, Ichinose
|
|
H, Sumita
|
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S, Yamakage
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|
|
T, Sato
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H, Beaudry
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T, Codere
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T, Hatzakorzian
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R, Pruessner
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JC. Intraoperative maintenance of normoglycemia with insulin and glucose preserves verbal learning after cardiac surgery. PloS One. 2014; 9(6):e99661 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4062428/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4062428</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24941010" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24941010</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>147.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref147">Sebranek
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JJ, Lugli
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AK, Coursin
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DB. Glycaemic control in the perioperative period. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2013; 111(Suppl 1):i18–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24335396" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24335396</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>148.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref148">Shah
|
|
B, Berger
|
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JS, Amoroso
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|
NS, Mai
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X, Lorin
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JD, Danoff
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|
|
Z, Ma
|
|
L, Wang
|
|
H, Yang
|
|
Y, Li
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X, Schreiber
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A
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et al. Insulin and hypertonic glucose in the management of aseptic fat liquefaction of post-surgical incision: a meta-analysis and systematic review. International Wound Journal. 2013; 10(1):91–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7950496/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7950496</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22325039" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22325039</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>150.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref150">Shim
|
|
YH, Kweon
|
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TD, Lee
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JH, Nam
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SB, Kwak
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YL. Intravenous glucose-insulin-potassium during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery does not reduce myocardial injury. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2006; 50(8):954–61 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16923090" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16923090</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>151.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref151">Sieber
|
|
F, Smith
|
|
DS, Kupferberg
|
|
J, Crosby
|
|
L, Uzzell
|
|
B, Buzby
|
|
G
|
|
et al. Effects of intraoperative glucose on protein catabolism and plasma glucose levels in patients with supratentorial tumors. Anesthesiology. 1986; 64(4):453–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3516017" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3516017</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>152.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref152">Slas
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|
AJ, Craig
|
|
RM, Vazquez
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RM. Hypocaloric amino acid infusion in postoperative diabetics. American Journal of Intravenous Therapy and Clinical Nutrition. 1984; 11(1):22+30–31</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>153.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref153">Smith
|
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A, Grattan
|
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A, Harper
|
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M, Royston
|
|
D, Riedel
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|
BJ. Coronary revascularization: a procedure in transition from on-pump to off-pump? The role of glucose-insulin-potassium revisited in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2002; 16(4):413–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12154417" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12154417</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>154.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref154">Sokos
|
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GG, Bolukoglu
|
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H, German
|
|
J, Hentosz
|
|
T, Magovern
|
|
GJ, Jr., Maher
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|
TD
|
|
et al. Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on glycemic control and left ventricular function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. American Journal of Cardiology. 2007; 100(5):824–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17719327" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17719327</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>155.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref155">Subramaniam
|
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B, Panzica
|
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PJ, Novack
|
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V, Mahmood
|
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F, Matyal
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R, Mitchell
|
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JD
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|
et al. Continuous peri-operative insulin infusion decreases major cardiovascular events in patients undergoing vascular surgery: a prospective, randomized trial. Anesthesiology. 2009; 110(5):970–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19387173" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19387173</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>156.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref156">Svensson
|
|
S, Ekroth
|
|
R, Nilsson
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F, Ponten
|
|
J, William-Olsson
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|
G. Insulin as a vasodilating agent in the first hour after cardiopulmonary bypass. Scandinavian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1989; 23(2):139–43 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2665058" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2665058</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>157.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref157">Szabo
|
|
Z, Arnqvist
|
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H, Hakanson
|
|
E, Jorfeldt
|
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L, Svedjeholm
|
|
R. Effects of high-dose glucose-insulin-potassium on myocardial metabolism after coronary surgery in patients with Type II diabetes. Clinical Science. 2001; 101(1):37–43 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11410112" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11410112</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>158.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref158">Thomas
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DJ, Platt
|
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HS, Alberti
|
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KG. Insulin-dependent diabetes during the perioperative period. An assessment of continuous glucose-insulin-potassium infusion, and traditional treatment. Anaesthesia. 1984; 39(7):629–37 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6380335" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6380335</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>159.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref159">Tohya
|
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A, Kohjitani
|
|
A, Ohno
|
|
S, Yamashita
|
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K, Manabe
|
|
Y, Sugimura
|
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M. Effects of glucose-insulin infusion during major oral and maxillofacial surgery on postoperative complications and outcomes. JA Clinical Reports. 2018; 4:9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5804688/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5804688</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29457119" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29457119</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>160.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref160">Tsang
|
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MW, Davidoff
|
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R, Korach
|
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A, Apstein
|
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CS, Hesselvik
|
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JF, Nguyen
|
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H
|
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et al. Diastolic dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting- the effect of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion. Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 2007; 22(3):185–91 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17488411" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17488411</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>161.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref161">Umpierrez
|
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G, Cardona
|
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S, Pasquel
|
|
F, Jacobs
|
|
S, Peng
|
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L, Unigwe
|
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M
|
|
et al. Randomized controlled trial of intensive versus conservative glucose control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: GLUCO-CABG Trial. Diabetes Care. 2015; 38(9):1665–72 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4542267/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4542267</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26180108" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26180108</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>162.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref162">Umpierrez
|
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GE, Smiley
|
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D, Jacobs
|
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S, Peng
|
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L, Temponi
|
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A, Mulligan
|
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P
|
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et al. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing general surgery (RABBIT 2 surgery). Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(2):256–61 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3024330/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3024330</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21228246" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21228246</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>163.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref163">van den Berghe
|
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G, Wouters
|
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P, Weekers
|
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F, Verwaest
|
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C, Bruyninckx
|
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F, Schetz
|
|
M
|
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et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001; 345(19):1359–67 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11794168" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11794168</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>164.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref164">van Kuijk
|
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JP, Schouten
|
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O, Flu
|
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WJ, den Uil
|
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CA, Bax
|
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JJ, Poldermans
|
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D. Perioperative blood glucose monitoring and control in major vascular surgery patients. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2009; 38(5):627–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19608440" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19608440</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>165.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref165">Vanhorebeek
|
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I, Ingels
|
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C, Van den Berghe
|
|
G. Intensive insulin therapy in high-risk cardiac surgery patients: evidence from the Leuven randomized study. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2006; 18(4):309–16 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17395027" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17395027</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>166.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref166">Visser
|
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L, Zuurbier
|
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CJ, Hoek
|
|
FJ, Opmeer
|
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BC, de Jonge
|
|
E, de Mol
|
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BA
|
|
et al. Glucose, insulin and potassium applied as perioperative hyperinsulinaemic normoglycaemic clamp: effects on inflammatory response during coronary artery surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2005; 95(4):448–57 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16100235" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16100235</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>167.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref167">Wahby
|
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EA, Abo Elnasr
|
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MM, Eissa
|
|
MI, Mahmoud
|
|
SM. Perioperative glycemic control in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2016; 24(2):143–149</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>168.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref168">Wallin
|
|
M, Barr
|
|
G, Owall
|
|
A, Lindahl
|
|
SG, Brismar
|
|
K. The influence of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) on the GH/IGF-1/IGFBP-1 axis during elective coronary artery bypass surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2003; 17(4):470–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12968235" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12968235</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>169.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref169">Yuan
|
|
J, Liu
|
|
T, Zhang
|
|
X, Si
|
|
Y, Ye
|
|
Y, Zhao
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Intensive Versus Conventional Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes During Enteral Nutrition After Gastrectomy. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2015; 19(8):1553–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26084869" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26084869</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>170.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng180er11.ref170">Zheng
|
|
R, Gu
|
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C, Wang
|
|
Y, Yang
|
|
Z, Dou
|
|
K, Wang
|
|
J
|
|
et al. Impacts of intensive insulin therapy in patients undergoing heart valve replacement. Heart Surgery Forum. 2010; 13(5):E292–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20961828" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20961828</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng180er11.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="niceng180er11.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 5. Review protocol: Blood glucose control management</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 164K)</span></p><p id="niceng180er11.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 6. Health economic review protocol</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er11.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014, updated 2018.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref108" rid="niceng180er11.ref108"><sup>108</sup></a></p><p><i>For more detailed information, please see the</i>
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<a href="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11_bm2.pdf">Methodology Review</a>.</p><div id="niceng180er11.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the search where appropriate.</p><p id="niceng180er11.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appbtab1" class="figpopup">Table 7. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appbtab2" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appbtab3" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appbtab4" class="figpopup">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appbtab5" class="figpopup">Epistemonikos (Epistemonikos Foundation) search terms</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er11.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to the perioperative care population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional health economics searches were run on Medline and Embase.</p><p id="niceng180er11.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appbtab6" class="figpopup">Table 8. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appbtab7" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appbtab8" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appb.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appbtab9" class="figpopup">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng180er11.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="niceng180er11.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of blood glucose control management</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er11.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng180er11.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (760K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng180er11.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="niceng180er11.appe.s1"><h4>E.1. Glucose control versus standard care</h4><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Mortality <30 days</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Mortality >1 year</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 4. Post-operative complications</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 5. Pulmonary complications</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 6. Cardiovascular complications</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 7. Neurological complications</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig7" class="figpopup">Figure 8. Infection</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig8" class="figpopup">Figure 9. Hypoglycaemic events</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig9" class="figpopup">Figure 10. Length of hospital stay</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig10" class="figpopup">Figure 11. Length of ICU stay</a></p><p id="niceng180er11.appe.fig11"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appe.fig11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appefig11" class="figpopup">Figure 12. Hospital readmissions</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng180er11.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p id="niceng180er11.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 9. Clinical evidence profile: Glucose control versus standard care</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er11.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="niceng180er11.appg.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/figure/niceng180er11.appg.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appgfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 13. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er11.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="niceng180er11.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng180er11.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><p id="niceng180er11.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appitab1" class="figpopup">Table 10. Studies excluded from the clinical review</a></p></div><div id="niceng180er11.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p>Published health economic studies that met the inclusion criteria (relevant population, comparators, economic study design, published 2003 or later and not from non-OECD country or USA) but that were excluded following appraisal of applicability and methodological quality are listed below. See the health economic protocol for more details.</p><p id="niceng180er11.appi.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng180er11appitab2" class="figpopup">Table 11. Studies excluded from the health economic review</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews underpinning recommendations 1.4.6 and 1.4.7 in the NICE guideline</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and, where appropriate, their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK561962</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32931169" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32931169</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11tab1"><div id="niceng180er11.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er11.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er11.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults 18 years and over having surgery.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er11.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er11.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glucose control (insulin therapy, intra to postoperative)</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er11.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er11.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard care (liberal/no glucose control)</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er11.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er11.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>health-related quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events and complications (Clavien-Dindo, postoperative morbidity score (POMS), cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological complications)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>infections (including surgical site)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>hypoglycaemia</div></li></ul>
|
|
Important outcomes:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>unplanned ICU admission</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>ICU length of stay (planned and unplanned)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>hospital readmission</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng180er11.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng180er11.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews of RCTs.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11tab2"><div id="niceng180er11.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdelmalak 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref1" rid="niceng180er11.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Blood glucose concentrations were targeted to 4.4–6.1 mmol litre<sup>−1</sup> (80–110 mg/dl<sup>−1</sup>), beginning shortly after induction of anaesthesia.</p>
|
|
<p>N=196</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Blood glucose concentrations were targeted to 10–11.1 mmol litre<sup>−1</sup> (180–200 mg dl<sup>−1</sup>), beginning shortly after induction of anaesthesia..</p>
|
|
<p>N=185</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients having major noncardiac surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pulmonary</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurological</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Albacker 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref5" rid="niceng180er11.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Fixed high-dose systemic insulin infusion at 5 mU/kg/min. Dextrose 20% was infused in the same group at a rate adjusted to maintain a blood glucose of 4 to 6 mmol/L.</p>
|
|
<p>N=22</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Intraoperative titrated intravenous insulin infusion, titrated according to sliding scale starting at blood glucose level of 10 mmol/L.</p>
|
|
<p>N=22</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients undergoing elective cardiopulmonary bypass graft (CABG).</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pulmonary</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14/44 diabetics, type unclear.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Azarfarin 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref9" rid="niceng180er11.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>In the study group, insulin was infused to maintain blood glucose (BG) level between 110 mg/dL and 126 mg/dL. The measurement was performed every 30 minutes intraoperatively until the closure of the sternum and thereafter every 2 hours up to 48 hours postoperatively.</p>
|
|
<p>N=60</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No intervention was done unless the BG level exceeded 200 mg/dL (treated by bolus insulin).</p>
|
|
<p>N=60</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Nondiabetic patients of ASA status II or III who underwent elective cardiopulmonary bypass graft (CABG) surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>Iran</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pulmonary</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neuropsychological</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Butterworth 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref26" rid="niceng180er11.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Arterial blood samples were obtained at 15-minute intervals during CABG to measure blood glucose concentrations with a handheld glucose meter. After induction of anaesthesia, insulin infusion at 2 U/h in a 70-kg patient was started when the blood glucose concentration exceeded 100 mg/dL. When blood glucose concentrations decreased to less than 70 mg/dL, 100 to 200 mL of dextrose 5% was administered at the direction of the study nurse.</p>
|
|
<p>N=188</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Arterial blood samples were obtained at 15-minute intervals during CABG to measure blood glucose concentrations with a handheld glucose meter. Blood glucose concentrations were measured and recorded for later analysis. A saline infusion was periodically adjusted to preserve blinding.</p>
|
|
<p>N=193</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Nondiabetic patients scheduled to undergo CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass.</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pulmonary</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurological</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital readmission</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cao 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref27" rid="niceng180er11.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Intensive group in which the postoperative blood glucose was maintained at a level between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol/l.</p>
|
|
<p>N=125</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Conventional group in which the postoperative blood glucose was maintained at a level below 11.0 mmol/l.</p>
|
|
<p>N=123</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients who were to undergo open elective gastrectomy for gastric cancer anticipated to require parenteral nutrition.</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pulmonary</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Post-operative BG control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chan 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref31" rid="niceng180er11.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Tight glycaemic control, with target glucose level of 80–130 mg/dl.</p>
|
|
<p>N=55</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Standard glycaemic control, with target glucose level of 160–200 mg/dl</p>
|
|
<p>N=54</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients scheduled for open-heart surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass.</p>
|
|
<p>Brazil</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurological</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thirty-two patients were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and sixty-six were diagnosed as non-diabetic. Type of diabetes not reported.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chaney 1999<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref32" rid="niceng180er11.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Tight glucose control group received an IV infusion initiated regular insulin 2 units/hr to control BG. Infusion initiated during induction of anaesthesia that was continued until sternal closure at the end of surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>N=10</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No glucose control group were not administered insulin to control intraoperative blood glucose levels.</p>
|
|
<p>N=10</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Nondiabetic patients scheduled for CABG surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neuropsychological</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Desai 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref39" rid="niceng180er11.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a>/Pezzella 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref120" rid="niceng180er11.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Strict perioperative glycaemic control with a target glucose range of 90 to 120 mg/dL.</p>
|
|
<p>N=98</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Glucommander parameters for a target glucose range of 121 to 180 mg/dL.</p>
|
|
<p>N=91</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pulmonary</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurological</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intraoperative glucose measures and interventions were under the purview of the anaesthesiologist, whose goal was to maintain a BG level between 100 and 180 mg/dL. Maintenance of BG levels according to their randomized arm was started in the ICU using the programmed Glucommander.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duncan 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref41" rid="niceng180er11.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a>/Duncan 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref42" rid="niceng180er11.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Intraoperative glycaemic management with a fixed high-dose insulin and concomitant variable glucose infusion titrated to glucose concentrations of 80 to 110 mg/dl<sup>−1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>N=709</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Intraoperative glycaemic management with standard glycaemic management, low-dose insulin infusion targeting glucose >150 mg/dl<sup>−1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>N=730</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting, valve repair or replacement, or a combination of these procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass.</p>
|
|
<p>USA/Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurological</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic event</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital readmission</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear but presumed that data from earlier trial included in latter trial. Studies merged for shared outcomes.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diez 1991<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref40" rid="niceng180er11.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Intensified glucose control, added insulin given when BG were between 5.5 and 8.3 mmol/L.</p>
|
|
<p>N=7</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Infusion of fast-acting insulin to glucose solution according to a standard sliding scale protocol.</p>
|
|
<p>N=7</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients with type II diabetes admitted for programmed surgical procedures under general anaesthetic.</p>
|
|
<p>Spain</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic event</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Emam 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref43" rid="niceng180er11.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Strict perioperative glycaemic control following the Braithwaite protocol, with a target glucose range of 100 to 150 mg/dL.</p>
|
|
<p>N=80</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>BG control by a sliding scale to maintain BG <200 mg/dL.</p>
|
|
<p>N=40</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients with type II diabetes undergoing open heart procedures.</p>
|
|
<p>Saudi Arabia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic event</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gandhi 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref52" rid="niceng180er11.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Continuous insulin infusion to maintain intraoperative glucose levels between 4.4 (80 mg/dL) and 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL)</p>
|
|
<p>N=199</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Patients in the conventional treatment group were not given insulin during surgery unless glucose levels were greater than 11.1 mmol/L (>200 mg/dL).</p>
|
|
<p>N=201</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults with and without diabetes who were undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurological</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic event</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Both groups were treated with insulin infusion to maintain normoglycaemia after surgery.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Giakoumidakis 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref55" rid="niceng180er11.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Therapy group with blood glucose target 120–160 mg/dl.</p>
|
|
<p>N=105</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Post-operative targeted blood glucose levels 161–200 mg/dl</p>
|
|
<p>N=107</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Cardiac surgery patients admitted to ICU post-operatively.</p>
|
|
<p>Greece</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic event</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Post-operative BG control.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grey 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref59" rid="niceng180er11.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Intravenous insulin infusions were administered to maintain serum glucose values in the range of 80 to 120 mg/dL.</p>
|
|
<p>N=34</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Intravenous insulin infusions were administered to maintain serum glucose values in the range of 180 to 220 mg/dL</p>
|
|
<p>N=27</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adult patients admitted to a 12-bed surgical ICU requiring treatment of hyperglycemia (glucose values ≥140 mg/dL).</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic event</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Post-operative BG control.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Groban 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref60" rid="niceng180er11.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Intraoperative insulin infusion to maintain BG between 80–120 mg/dL, started if BG was >100mg/dL after induction.</p>
|
|
<p>N=188</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Received saline solution as placebo. BG levels were allowed to fluctuate without intervention.</p>
|
|
<p>N=193</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Nondiabetic patients scheduled for elective CABG surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hoedemaekers 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref74" rid="niceng180er11.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Intensive postoperative insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose between 80 and 110 mg/dl</p>
|
|
<p>N=10</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Conventional postoperative insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose less than 200 mg/dl</p>
|
|
<p>N=10</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Non-diabetic patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting.</p>
|
|
<p>The Netherlands</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic event</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Post-operative BG control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ingels 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref77" rid="niceng180er11.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Strict blood glucose control below 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) with intensive insulin therapy.</p>
|
|
<p>N=477</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Conventional postoperative insulin therapy to receive insulin therapy when blood glucose levels exceeded 12 mmol/L (220 mg/dL)</p>
|
|
<p>N=493</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Cardiac surgery patients.</p>
|
|
<p>Belgium</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Post-operative BG control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ji 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref78" rid="niceng180er11.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Tight glucose control. Continuous infusion of insulin during surgery to maintain BG of 80–110 mg/dL.</p>
|
|
<p>N=37</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Control group had BG measured every 20 minutes throughout surgery. If BG exceeded 200 mg/dL participants received a bolus of 4 units of insulin every hour until BG returned to <200 mg/dL.</p>
|
|
<p>N=38</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Nondiabetic patients with aortic valve disease referred for isolated valve replacement.</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Okabayashi 2009a<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref113" rid="niceng180er11.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Received programmed infusions of insulin determined by the control algorithm of the closed-loop system.</p>
|
|
<p>N=44</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Glucose levels were controlled using a manual injection of insulin according to the commonly used sliding scale.</p>
|
|
<p>N=44</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients undergoing hepatectomy.</p>
|
|
<p>Japan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Closed loop vs sliding scare</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Okabayashi 2009b<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref114" rid="niceng180er11.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Closed-loop glycemic control system maintained stable blood glucose concentrations by the automatic infusion of regular insulin or glucose into the circulation.</p>
|
|
<p>N=17</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Continuous monitoring of blood glucose by the artificial pancreas and routine checking by nursing staff every 2 hours. In this group, blood glucose levels were controlled by the subcutaneous injection of regular human insulin; the dose was determined by the sliding scale, and the target blood glucose level to avoid hypoglycemia was 150 to 200 mg/dL.</p>
|
|
<p>N=13</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients having elective pancreatic resection for pancreatic disease.</p>
|
|
<p>Japan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rujirojindakul 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref137" rid="niceng180er11.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>A hyperinsulinemic normoglycaemic clamp with GIK solution was used to maintain blood glucose levels between 4.4 and 8.3 mmol/l, and the solution was infused via central venous catheter after catheter insertion until sternal closure.</p>
|
|
<p>N=100</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>In the control group, insulin was administered bolus intravenously if blood glucose level was more than 13.8 mmol</p>
|
|
<p>N=100</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery with the cardiopulmonary bypass.</p>
|
|
<p>Thailand</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neuropsychological</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sato 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref142" rid="niceng180er11.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Applying the principles of the hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp technique in the GIN group, insulin was administered at 5mU/kg/min during surgery. Glucose 20% was infused at a rate adjusted to maintain blood glucose 4.0–6.0 mmol/L. BG was measured every 15 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>N=20</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Control group received insulin if BG was > 10.0mmol/L based on a sliding scale, also aiming at normoglycemia. BG was measured every 30 minutes.</p>
|
|
<p>N=20</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients undergoing elective CABG surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sato 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref143" rid="niceng180er11.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>GIN therapy group, insulin was administered at 2 mU/kg<sup>−1</sup>/min<sup>−1</sup> during surgery. At the end of surgery, the insulin infusion was decreased to 1 mU/kg<sup>−1</sup>/min<sup>−1</sup> and continued for 24 hours. Dextrose 20% was infused at a rate adjusted to maintain blood glucose within the target range of 3.5 to 6.1 mmol/L<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
|
|
<p>N=26</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Conventional insulin sliding scale during and after surgery. If the blood glucose was >6.1 mmol/ L<sup>−1</sup>/mg/ dL<sup>−1</sup> an insulin infusion of 1 U /h<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
|
|
<p>N=26</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients scheduled for elective resection of primary or secondary hepatic malignancy.</p>
|
|
<p>Japan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurological</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schricker 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref146" rid="niceng180er11.ref146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>GIN group: In the operating theatre, blood glucose levels were measured every 5–15 minutes and appropriate adjustments of the dextrose infusion rate were made to maintain the blood glucose within the target level of 3.5–6.1 mmol L<sup>−1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>N=16</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>In the control group, arterial blood glucose measurements were performed every 30 to 60 minutes while in the operating room. At any of these measurements, if the blood glucose was greater than 10.0 mmol L<sup>−1</sup>, an insulin bolus of 2 U was given followed by an infusion of 2 U h<sup>−1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>N=18</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pulmonary</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30% Diabetes mellitus (type not reported)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref153" rid="niceng180er11.ref153"><sup>153</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>GIK infusion, with BG levels measured at 0.5 hour intervals from start to 2 hours after cessation of the GIK infusion. BG levels were maintained at 5 to 10 mmol/L</p>
|
|
<p>N=22</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Received an equal volume of 5% dextrose in water as placebo.</p>
|
|
<p>N=22</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients scheduled for elective multivessel coronary artery surgery using either conventional CPB or OP-CAB techniques.</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cadiac</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Off-pump and on-pump groups combined.</p>
|
|
<p>Unclear if standard care group BP was controlled.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Szabo 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref157" rid="niceng180er11.ref157"><sup>157</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>High dose post-operative GIK treatment. Insulin was infused at a rate of 1 IU/h/kg for 6 hours. A bolus of 25 IU injected after 5 minutes. A 30% glucose solution was infused to keep BG between 7 and 10 mmol/L</p>
|
|
<p>N=10</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Standard post-operative glucose control. Insulin infusion was given if BG exceeded 10mmol/L.</p>
|
|
<p>N=10</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with type II diabetes undergoing elective coronary surgery.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Post-operative BG control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tohya 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref159" rid="niceng180er11.ref159"><sup>159</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Regular insulin was continuously applied with glucose-added acetate Ringer’s solution (5–10 g glucose per 500 mL). Blood glucose was adjusted within the target concentration of 80–120 mg/dL.</p>
|
|
<p>N=10</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Combination of acetate Ringer’s solution which contains 1% (W/V) glucose and lactate Ringer’s solution, which contains no glucose, was infused. Regular insulin was subcutaneously applied each time when a blood glucose concentration of ≥ 180 mg/dL occurred.</p>
|
|
<p>N=20</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Thirty patients aged ≥ 60 years undergoing a radical operation of oral malignant tumours with tissue reconstruction (≥8 h).</p>
|
|
<p>Japan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pulmonary</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Visser 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref166" rid="niceng180er11.ref166"><sup>166</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Standard institutional perioperative care with additional infusions of insulin and glucose (GIK) adjusted to maintain blood glucose levels within a target range of 4.0–5.5 mmol/L<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
|
|
<p>N=10</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Standard institutional perioperative care.</p>
|
|
<p>N=11</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients with normal left ventricular function scheduled for elective CABG.</p>
|
|
<p>The Netherland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay in ICU</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear if control group received BG control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yuan 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref169" rid="niceng180er11.ref169"><sup>169</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Intensive glycaemic management with continuous insulin infusion (target glucose 4.4–6.1 mmol/l (80–110 mg/dl))</p>
|
|
<p>N=106</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Conventional glycaemic management with intermittent bolus insulin (target glucose <11.1 mmol/l (<200 mg/dl))</p>
|
|
<p>N=106</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients with type II diabetes who underwent gastrectomy.</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pulmonary</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Post-operative BG control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zheng 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref170" rid="niceng180er11.ref170"><sup>170</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Glucose control:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Insulin continuously infused adjusted to maintain BG levels between 70–110 mmol/dL during and after surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>N=50</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Standard care:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Received standard institutional operative and post-operative care, but no control for blood glucose.</p>
|
|
<p>N=50</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Nondiabetic patients undergoing valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass.</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemic events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of ICU stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11tab3"><div id="niceng180er11.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Glucose control versus standard care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Standard care</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Glucose control (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5623</p>
|
|
<p>(21 studies)</p>
|
|
<p><30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RD −0.01</p>
|
|
<p>(−0.02 to 0.00)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 0 fewer to 20 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3087</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.98</p>
|
|
<p>(0.79 to 1.23)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 13 fewer to 14 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Post-operative complication</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>298</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RD 0</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to −0.03)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">252 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>111 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 30 fewer to 165 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications: pulmonary</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1138</p>
|
|
<p>(7 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.25</p>
|
|
<p>(0.76 to 2.07)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 12 fewer to 52 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications: cardiovascular - Cardiac</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>306</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.15</p>
|
|
<p>(0.46 to 3.06)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 0 fewer to 34 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications: cardiovascular - Cardiac arrest</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1332</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 3.39</p>
|
|
<p>(0.94 to 12.26)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 0 fewer to 34 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications: cardiovascular - MI</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>469</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.61</p>
|
|
<p>(0.24 to 1.52)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 35 fewer to 24 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications: cardiovascular - AF</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2305</p>
|
|
<p>(7 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊕</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.93</p>
|
|
<p>(0.81 to 1.06)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">210 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 40 fewer to 13 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications: cardiovascular - Arrhythmia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>381</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision, risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.91</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68 to 1.2)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">352 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>32 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 113 fewer to 70 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications: cardiovascular - Sternal instability</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.32</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01 to 7.66)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 31 fewer to 208 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications: neurological - Neurological deficit</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1726</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊕</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 52 fewer to 53 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications: neurological - Stroke</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1521</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RD 0.02</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 0.03)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 5 fewer to 5 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infections</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3948</p>
|
|
<p>(17 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊕</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.62</p>
|
|
<p>(0.5 to 0.77)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 26 fewer to 56 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hypoglycaemic events</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5665</p>
|
|
<p>(22 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊕</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RD 0.04</p>
|
|
<p>(0.03 to 0.05)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>44 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 33 more to 55 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1081</p>
|
|
<p>(10 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>12.89 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of hospital stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.19 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.27 to 0.11 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of ICU stay (hours)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1145</p>
|
|
<p>(11 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to inconsistency</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of ICU stay in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>89.3 hours</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of ICU stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.90 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(12.65 to 0.16 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital readmission</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>478</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.71</p>
|
|
<p>(0.41 to 1.21)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 49 fewer to 17 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er11.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er11.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because of heterogeneity, I2>50%, p<0.04, unexplained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er11.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er11.tab3_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the optimal information size to provide desired power is 80–90% or by 2 increments if <80%.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11tab4"><div id="niceng180er11.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Evidence not suitable for GRADE analysis: Glucose control versus standard care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study (no. of participants)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard care results</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glucose control results</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><i>P</i> value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Ingels 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref77" rid="niceng180er11.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(603)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median Nottingham health profile (IQR):</p>
|
|
<p>NHP I:13 (0–45)</p>
|
|
<p>NHP II: 0 (0–3)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median Nottingham health profile (IQR):</p>
|
|
<p>NHP I:15 (0–48)</p>
|
|
<p>NHP II: 0 (0–2)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.4</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pezzella 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref120" rid="niceng180er11.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(41)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SF-12: There was no difference between the glucose control groups in HRQL improvement at 6 months post-operation.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of hospital stay (days)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Albacker 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref5" rid="niceng180er11.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(44)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median:</p>
|
|
<p>6</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median:</p>
|
|
<p>5.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.48</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Butterworth 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref26" rid="niceng180er11.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(381)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (range):</p>
|
|
<p>6 (3–85)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (range):</p>
|
|
<p>7 (3–51)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">n/a</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Cao 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref27" rid="niceng180er11.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(248)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (range):</p>
|
|
<p>10 (7–28)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (range):</p>
|
|
<p>8 (6–26)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Duncan 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref42" rid="niceng180er11.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(1399)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (95% CI):</p>
|
|
<p>8 (6–12)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (95% CI):</p>
|
|
<p>8 (6–12)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Groban 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref60" rid="niceng180er11.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(381)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (range):</p>
|
|
<p>6 (3–85)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (range):</p>
|
|
<p>7 (3–51)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.62</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Okabayashi 2009<sup>a</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref113" rid="niceng180er11.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(88)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very high</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients in the artificial pancreas group required a significantly shorter hospitalisation than patients in the sliding scale group.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.049</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Rujirojindakul 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref137" rid="niceng180er11.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(199)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (IQR):</p>
|
|
<p>13 (10–17)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (IQR):</p>
|
|
<p>13 (10–17.5)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.48</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of ICU stay (hours)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Albacker 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref5" rid="niceng180er11.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(44)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The groups had a similar length of stay in the ICU at 24 hours.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.94</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Duncan 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref42" rid="niceng180er11.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(1320)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (95% CI):</p>
|
|
<p>27 (25.2–27.3)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (95% CI):</p>
|
|
<p>25 (24.9–26.3)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.025</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Ingels 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref77" rid="niceng180er11.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(960)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (IQR):</p>
|
|
<p>48 (48–96)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (IQR):</p>
|
|
<p>48 (48–72)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.4</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Rujirojindakul 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref137" rid="niceng180er11.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(199)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (IQR):</p>
|
|
<p>43.8 (24.6–82.5)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (IQR):</p>
|
|
<p>34.5 (21.6–85.4)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Szabo 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref157" rid="niceng180er11.ref157"><sup>157</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(20)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median:</p>
|
|
<p>24</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median:</p>
|
|
<p>24</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">n/a</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hypoglycaemia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Chan 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref31" rid="niceng180er11.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(98)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hypoglycaemic episodes per number of glucose measurements</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.67</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.9%</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Diez 1991<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref40" rid="niceng180er11.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></p>
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<p>(14)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 episode per 28 patient days</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 episode per 9.33 patient days</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">n/a</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Sato 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref143" rid="niceng180er11.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a></p>
|
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<p>(52)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very high</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mild hypoglycaemia occurred more frequently after surgery in the GIN therapy group than the standard therapy group.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infection</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Grey 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref59" rid="niceng180er11.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(61)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bloodstream infections, IVDI or IVDI-related bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections developed in a significantly higher percentage of patients in the standard glucose control group than the tight glucose control group.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><0.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Okabayashi 2009a<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref113" rid="niceng180er11.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(88)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very high</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The incidence of SSI in the artificial pancreas group was significantly lower than that in the sliding scale group.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.030</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appatab1"><div id="niceng180er11.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Objectives</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Search criteria</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the clinical review protocol above.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant health economic study design (cost–utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost–consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of health economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Search strategy</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a health economic study filter – see <a href="#niceng180er11.appb">appendix B</a> below.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Review strategy</b>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2003, abstract-only studies and studies from non-OECD countries or the USA will also be excluded.</p>
|
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<p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in appendix H of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref108" rid="niceng180er11.ref108"><sup>108</sup></a></p>
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<p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’ then it will be included in the guideline. A health economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then a health economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul>
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<b>Where there is discretion</b></p>
|
|
<p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include health economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to selectively exclude the remaining studies. All studies excluded on the basis of applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation in the excluded health economic studies appendix below.</p>
|
|
<p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p>
|
|
<p><i>Setting:</i>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
|
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<i>Health economic study type:</i>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost–utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost–benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–consequences analysis).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
|
|
<i>Year of analysis:</i>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2003 or later but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly from before 2003 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2003 will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
|
|
<i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis:</i>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis match with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline. For example, economic evaluations based on observational studies will be excluded, when the clinical review is only looking for RCTs,</div></li></ul></p>
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|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appbtab1"><div id="niceng180er11.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 30 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
|
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 30 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
|
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Cochrane Reviews to 2019 Issue 5 of 12</p>
|
|
<p>CENTRAL to 2019 Issue 5 of 12</p>
|
|
<p>DARE, and NHSEED to 2015 Issue 2 of 4</p>
|
|
<p>HTA to 2016 Issue 4 of 4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epistemonikos (Epistemonikos Foundation)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inception - 10 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review studies</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appbtab2"><div id="niceng180er11.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Preoperative Care/ or exp Perioperative Care/ or exp Perioperative Period/ or exp Perioperative Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pre-operative* or preoperative* or preop* or pre-op* or pre-surg* or presurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((perioperative* or peri-operative* or intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((postoperative* or postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine or complicat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or recover* or monitor*) adj3 (before or prior or advance or during or after) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Postoperative Complications/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 7 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/ or exp infant/) not (exp adolescent/ or exp adult/ or exp middle age/ or exp aged/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 not 9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Preoperative Care/ or exp Perioperative Care/ or exp Perioperative Period/ or exp Perioperative Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pre-operative* or preoperative* or preop* or pre-op* or pre-surg* or presurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((perioperative* or peri-operative* or intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((postoperative* or postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine or complicat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or recover* or monitor*) adj3 (before or prior or advance or during or after) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Postoperative Complications/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 7 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/ or exp infant/) not (exp adolescent/ or exp adult/ or exp middle age/ or exp aged/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 not 9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/11–18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/21–27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood Glucose/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(glucose adj2 (monitor* or measur* or control* or level* or regulat* or manag*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(blood sugar* adj2 (monitor* or measur* or control* or level* or regulat* or manag*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((glycaemic or glycemic or glycaemia or glycemia or hyperglycemia or hyperglycaemia or dysglycaemia or dysglycemia or hypoglycaemia or hypoglycemia) adj2 (monitor* or measur* or control* or level* or regulat* or manag*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(insulin adj2 (therap* or infusion* or intravenous* or IV)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Diabetes Mellitus/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(diabet* adj2 (mellitus or type 1 or type1 or type I or type one)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(diabet* adj2 (type 2 or type2 or type II or type two)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((glycosylated or glycated) adj2 (hemoglobin or haemoglobin)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Hb A1* or HbA1*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(glycohemoglobin A or glycohaemoglobin A).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–41</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 and 42</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clinical trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/44–50</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/52–61</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 and (51 or 62)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appbtab3"><div id="niceng180er11.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*preoperative period/ or *intraoperative period/ or *postoperative period/ or *perioperative nursing/ or *surgical patient/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pre-operative* or preoperative* or preop* or pre-op* or pre-surg* or presurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((perioperative* or peri-operative* or intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((postoperative* or postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine or complicat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or recover* or monitor*) adj3 (before or prior or advance or during or after) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Postoperative complication/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/) not (exp adult/ or exp adolescent/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 not 8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 9 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/11–15</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 not 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18–25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glucose blood level/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(glucose adj2 (monitor* or measur* or control* or level* or regulat* or manag*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(blood sugar* adj2 (monitor* or measur* or control* or level* or regulat* or manag*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((glycaemic or glycemic or glycaemia or glycemia or hyperglycemia or hyperglycaemia or dysglycaemia or dysglycemia or hypoglycaemia or hypoglycemia) adj2 (monitor* or measur* or control* or level* or regulat* or manag*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(insulin adj2 (therap* or infusion* or intravenous* or IV)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Diabetes Mellitus/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(diabet* adj2 (mellitus or type 1 or type1 or type I or type one)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(diabet* adj2 (type 2 or type2 or type II or type two)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((glycosylated or glycated) adj2 (hemoglobin or haemoglobin)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Hb A1* or HbA1*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(glycohemoglobin A or glycohaemoglobin A).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/28–39</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 and 40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/42–50</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/52–61</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 or 62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 and 63</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appbtab4"><div id="niceng180er11.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Preoperative Care] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Perioperative Care] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Perioperative Period] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Perioperative Nursing] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #1–#4)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pre-operative* or preoperative* or preop* or pre-op* or pre-surg* or presurg*) near/3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((perioperative* or peri-operative* or intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat*) near/3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((postoperative* or postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg*) near/3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine or complicat*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or recover* or monitor*) near/3 (before or prior or advance or during or after) near/3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Postoperative Complications] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #5–#10)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Blood Glucose] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(glucose near/2 (monitor* or measur* or control* or level* or regulat* or manag*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(blood sugar* near/2 (monitor* or measur* or control* or level* or regulat* or manag*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((glycaemic or glycemic or glycaemia or glycemia or hyperglycemia or hyperglycaemia or dysglycaemia or dysglycemia or hypoglycaemia or hypoglycemia) near/2 (monitor* or measur* or control* or level* or regulat* or manag*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(insulin near/2 (therap* or infusion* or intravenous* or IV)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Diabetes Mellitus] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(diabet* near/2 (mellitus or type 1 or type1 or type I or type one)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(diabet* near/2 (type 2 or type2 or type II or type two)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Glycated Hemoglobin A] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((glycosylated or glycated) near/2 (hemoglobin or haemoglobin)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Hb A1* or HbA1*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(glycohemoglobin A or glycohaemoglobin A):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #12–#23)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11 and #24</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appbtab5"><div id="niceng180er11.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Epistemonikos (Epistemonikos Foundation) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(title:(pre-operative* OR preoperative* OR preop* OR pre-op* OR pre-surg* OR presurg* OR perioperative* OR peri-operative* OR intraoperative* OR intra-operative* OR intrasurg* OR intra-surg* OR peroperat* OR per-operat* OR postoperative* OR postop* OR post-op* OR post-surg* OR postsurg*) OR abstract:(pre-operative* OR preoperative* OR preop* OR pre-op* OR pre-surg* OR presurg* OR perioperative* OR peri-operative* OR intraoperative* OR intra-operative* OR intrasurg* OR intra-surg* OR peroperat* OR per-operat* OR postoperative* OR postop* OR post-op* OR post-surg* OR postsurg*)) AND (title:(glucose OR sugar OR diabet*) OR abstract:(glucose OR sugar OR diabet*))</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appbtab6"><div id="niceng180er11.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 30 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 30 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>HTA - Inception – 02 May 2019</p>
|
|
<p>NHSEED - Inception to 02 May 2019</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appbtab7"><div id="niceng180er11.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Preoperative Care/ or exp Perioperative Care/ or exp Perioperative Period/ or exp Perioperative Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pre-operative* or preoperative* or preop* or pre-op* or pre-surg* or presurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((perioperative* or peri-operative* or intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((postoperative* or postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or recover* or monitor*) adj3 (before or prior or advance or during or after) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat* or perioperat* or peri-operat*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((during or duration) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 or 8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">postoperative care/ or exp Postoperative Period/ or exp Perioperative nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg* or perioperat* or peri-operat*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(after adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(post adj3 (operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 or 11 or 12 or 13</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Preoperative Care/ or Preoperative Period/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre-operat* or preoperat* or pre-surg* or presurg*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((before or prior or advance or pre or prepar*) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 or 16 or 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 or 9 or 14 or 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20–27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 not 29</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–36</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 37</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 38 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/ or exp infant/) not (exp adolescent/ or exp adult/ or exp middle age/ or exp aged/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 not 40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “costs and cost analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">economics, pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effectiv* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/42–57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 and 58</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appbtab8"><div id="niceng180er11.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*preoperative period/ or *intraoperative period/ or *postoperative period/ or *perioperative nursing/ or *surgical patient/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pre-operative* or preoperative* or preop* or pre-op* or pre-surg* or presurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((perioperative* or peri-operative* or intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or recover* or monitor*) adj3 (before or prior or advance or during or after) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 or 2 or 3 or 4</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">peroperative care/ or exp peroperative care/ or exp perioperative nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat* or perioperat* or peri-operat*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((during or duration) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 or 7 or 8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">postoperative care/ or exp postoperative period/ or perioperative nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg* or perioperat* or peri-operat*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(after adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(post adj3 (operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 or 11 or 12 or 13</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp preoperative care/ or preoperative period/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre-operat* or preoperat* or pre-surg* or presurg*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((before or prior or advance or pre or prepar*) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 or 16 or 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 or 9 or 14 or 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20–24</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 not 26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/27–34</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 36 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/) not (exp adult/ or exp adolescent/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37 not 38</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effectiv* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/40–52</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 and 53</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appbtab9"><div id="niceng180er11.appb.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appb.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appb.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Preoperative Care EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Perioperative Care EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Perioperative Period EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Perioperative Nursing EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((perioperative* or peri-operative* or intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or recover* or monitor*) adj3 (before or prior or advance or during or after) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((pre-operative* or preoperative* or preop* or pre-op* or pre-surg* or presurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((postoperative* or postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg*) adj3 (care* or caring or treat* or nurs* or monitor* or recover* or medicine)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(* IN HTA)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(* IN NHSEED)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9 AND #10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9 AND #11</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Intraoperative Care EXPLODE ALL TREES</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((intraoperative* or intra-operative* or intrasurg* or intra-surg* or peroperat* or per-operat* or perioperat* or peri-operat*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((during or duration) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((postop* or post-op* or post-surg* or postsurg* or perioperat* or peri-operat*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((after adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((post adj3 (operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pre-operat* or preoperat* or pre-surg* or presurg*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((before or prior or advance or pre or prepar*) adj3 (surg* or operat* or anaesthes* or anesthes*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21 OR #22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10 AND #23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11 AND #23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12 OR #13 OR #24 OR #25</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appcfig1"><div id="niceng180er11.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20blood%20glucose%20control%20management.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of blood glucose control management." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of blood glucose control management</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig1"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Mortality%20%3C30%20days.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Mortality <30 days." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Mortality <30 days</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig2"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Mortality%20%3E1%20year.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Mortality >1 year." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Mortality >1 year</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig3"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Post-operative%20complications.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Post-operative complications." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Post-operative complications</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig4"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Pulmonary%20complications.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Pulmonary complications." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Pulmonary complications</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig5"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Cardiovascular%20complications.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Cardiovascular complications." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Cardiovascular complications</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig6"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Neurological%20complications.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Neurological complications." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Neurological complications</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig7"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Infection.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Infection." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Infection</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig8"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Hypoglycaemic%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Hypoglycaemic events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Hypoglycaemic events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig9"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Length%20of%20hospital%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Length of hospital stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Length of hospital stay</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig10"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Length%20of%20ICU%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Length of ICU stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Length of ICU stay</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appefig11"><div id="niceng180er11.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Hospital%20readmissions.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Hospital readmissions." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Hospital readmissions</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appftab1"><div id="niceng180er11.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Glucose control versus standard care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Glucose control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality (follow-up <30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>62/2792</p>
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<p>(2.2%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.00)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 0 fewer to 20 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality (follow-up >1 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>134/1523</p>
|
|
<p>(8.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.98 (0.79 to 1.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1 fewer per 1000 (from 13 fewer to 14 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Post-operative complication</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/145</p>
|
|
<p>(14.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD −0.12 (−0.21 to −0.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">111 fewer per 1000 (from 30 fewer to 164 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complications: pulmonary</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31/566</p>
|
|
<p>(5.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.25 (0.76 to 2.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12 more per 1000 (from 12 fewer to 52 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complications: cardiovascular - Cardiac</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/150</p>
|
|
<p>(5.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.15 (0.43 to 3.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8 more per 1000 (from 30 fewer to 109 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complications: cardiovascular - Cardiac arrest</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/660</p>
|
|
<p>(1.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.39 (0.94 to 12.26)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7 more per 1000 (from 0 fewer to 34 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complications: cardiovascular - MI</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/240</p>
|
|
<p>(2.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.61 (0.24 to 1.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18 fewer per 1000 (from 35 fewer to 24 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complications: cardiovascular - AF</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>303/1137</p>
|
|
<p>(26.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.93 (0.81 to 1.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15 fewer per 1000 (from 40 fewer to 13 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complications: cardiovascular - Arrhythmia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60/188</p>
|
|
<p>(31.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.91 (0.68 to 1.2)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32 fewer per 1000 (from 113 fewer to 70 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complications: cardiovascular - Sternal instability</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/33</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.12%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.32 (0.01 to 7.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21 fewer per 1000 (from 31 fewer to 208 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complications: neurological - Neurological deficit</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/851</p>
|
|
<p>(1.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">52 fewer per 1000 (from 52 fewer to 53 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complications: neurological - Stroke</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/759</p>
|
|
<p>(2.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.02 (0 to 0.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5 fewer per 1000 (from 5 fewer to 5 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Infections</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>116/2000</p>
|
|
<p>(5.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.62 (0.5 to 0.77)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42 fewer per 1000 (from 26 fewer to 56 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypoglycaemic events</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>190/2854</p>
|
|
<p>(6.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.04 (0.03 to 0.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44 more per 1000 (from 33 more to 55 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of hospital stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">552</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">529</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.19 lower (2.27 to 0.11 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of ICU stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">592</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">553</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.90 lower (12.65 to 0.16 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hospital readmission</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/237</p>
|
|
<p>(8.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.71 (0.41 to 1.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24 fewer per 1000 (from 49 fewer to 17 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er11.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er11.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because of heterogeneity, I2>50%, p<0.04, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng180er11.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng180er11appgfig1"><div id="niceng180er11.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20health%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=561962_niceng180er11appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561962/bin/niceng180er11appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>* Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appitab1"><div id="niceng180er11.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Abdelmalak 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref2" rid="niceng180er11.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Albacker 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref3" rid="niceng180er11.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Albacker 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref4" rid="niceng180er11.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anonymous 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref6" rid="niceng180er11.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Arabi 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref7" rid="niceng180er11.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Azagury 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref8" rid="niceng180er11.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Barcellos Cda 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref10" rid="niceng180er11.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Behrendt 1988<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref11" rid="niceng180er11.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Berkers 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref12" rid="niceng180er11.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bertrand 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref13" rid="niceng180er11.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Besch 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref14" rid="niceng180er11.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Besogul 1999<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref15" rid="niceng180er11.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bhamidipati 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref16" rid="niceng180er11.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bilotta 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref17" rid="niceng180er11.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Blaha 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref18" rid="niceng180er11.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Blixt 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref19" rid="niceng180er11.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bode 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref20" rid="niceng180er11.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Boldt 1993<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref21" rid="niceng180er11.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bothe 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref22" rid="niceng180er11.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: references screened</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Brodin 1993<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref23" rid="niceng180er11.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bruemmer-Smith 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref24" rid="niceng180er11.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Buchleitner 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref25" rid="niceng180er11.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: references screened</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cao 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref28" rid="niceng180er11.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cardona 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref29" rid="niceng180er11.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Celkan 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref30" rid="niceng180er11.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chin 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref33" rid="niceng180er11.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chuah 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref34" rid="niceng180er11.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Codere-Maruyama 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref35" rid="niceng180er11.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Coleman 1989<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref36" rid="niceng180er11.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">D’Alessandro 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref37" rid="niceng180er11.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">De La Rosa 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref38" rid="niceng180er11.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Everett 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref44" rid="niceng180er11.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Fan 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref45" rid="niceng180er11.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: references screened</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Fisette 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref46" rid="niceng180er11.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Freitas 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref47" rid="niceng180er11.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Fujino 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref48" rid="niceng180er11.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Fujita 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref49" rid="niceng180er11.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Furnary 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref50" rid="niceng180er11.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gandhi 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref51" rid="niceng180er11.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gandhi 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref53" rid="niceng180er11.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ghods 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref54" rid="niceng180er11.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Giannini 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref56" rid="niceng180er11.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Girard 1992<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref57" rid="niceng180er11.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gonzalez-Michaca 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref58" rid="niceng180er11.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gustafson 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref61" rid="niceng180er11.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Haga 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref62" rid="niceng180er11.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Haider 1984<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref63" rid="niceng180er11.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hallhagen 1992<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref64" rid="niceng180er11.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hasegawa 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref65" rid="niceng180er11.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hassanain 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref66" rid="niceng180er11.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hatzakorzian 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref67" rid="niceng180er11.ref67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hatzakorzian 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref68" rid="niceng180er11.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hawkins 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref69" rid="niceng180er11.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hayakawa 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref70" rid="niceng180er11.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">He 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref71" rid="niceng180er11.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hecking 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref72" rid="niceng180er11.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Higgs 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref73" rid="niceng180er11.ref73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: not review PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hua 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref75" rid="niceng180er11.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: references screened</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hynninen 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref76" rid="niceng180er11.ref76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kalfon 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref79" rid="niceng180er11.ref79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kang 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref80" rid="niceng180er11.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kang 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref81" rid="niceng180er11.ref81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: references screened</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kansagara 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref82" rid="niceng180er11.ref82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: references screened</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kirdemir 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref83" rid="niceng180er11.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kittelson 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref84" rid="niceng180er11.ref84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kjellman 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref85" rid="niceng180er11.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Korusic 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref86" rid="niceng180er11.ref86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Koskenkari 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref88" rid="niceng180er11.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Koskenkari 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref87" rid="niceng180er11.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kuusisto 1990<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref89" rid="niceng180er11.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Langenberg 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref90" rid="niceng180er11.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Langlois 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref91" rid="niceng180er11.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lazar 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref92" rid="niceng180er11.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lazar 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref93" rid="niceng180er11.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lazar 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref94" rid="niceng180er11.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lell 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref95" rid="niceng180er11.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Li 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref96" rid="niceng180er11.ref96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lindholm 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref97" rid="niceng180er11.ref97"><sup>97</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lindholm 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref98" rid="niceng180er11.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Liu 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref99" rid="niceng180er11.ref99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ljungqvist 1994<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref100" rid="niceng180er11.ref100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lolley 1978<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref102" rid="niceng180er11.ref102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lolley 1985<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref101" rid="niceng180er11.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ma 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref103" rid="niceng180er11.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Marfella 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref104" rid="niceng180er11.ref104"><sup>104</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Marfella 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref105" rid="niceng180er11.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Marfella 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref106" rid="niceng180er11.ref106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Miriam 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref107" rid="niceng180er11.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navaratnarajah 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref109" rid="niceng180er11.ref109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nicolson 1992<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref110" rid="niceng180er11.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nilsson 1987<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref111" rid="niceng180er11.ref111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Okabayashi 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref112" rid="niceng180er11.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Okabayashi 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref115" rid="niceng180er11.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Oldfield 1986<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref116" rid="niceng180er11.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ouattara 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref117" rid="niceng180er11.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parekh 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref118" rid="niceng180er11.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pearlstone 1994<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref119" rid="niceng180er11.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Polderman 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref121" rid="niceng180er11.ref121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Polderman 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref122" rid="niceng180er11.ref122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Preiser 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref123" rid="niceng180er11.ref123"><sup>123</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Qaseem 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref124" rid="niceng180er11.ref124"><sup>124</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quinn 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref125" rid="niceng180er11.ref125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rabi 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref126" rid="niceng180er11.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Raghavan 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref127" rid="niceng180er11.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: not review PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranasinghe 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref128" rid="niceng180er11.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rao 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref131" rid="niceng180er11.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rao 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref129" rid="niceng180er11.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rao 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref130" rid="niceng180er11.ref130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rassias 1999<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref132" rid="niceng180er11.ref132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Raucoules-Aime 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref133" rid="niceng180er11.ref133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Raucoules-Aime 1994<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref134" rid="niceng180er11.ref134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ray 1977<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref135" rid="niceng180er11.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rucka 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref136" rid="niceng180er11.ref136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Salerno 1980<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref138" rid="niceng180er11.ref138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sanjay 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref139" rid="niceng180er11.ref139"><sup>139</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sathya 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref140" rid="niceng180er11.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: references screened</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sato 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref141" rid="niceng180er11.ref141"><sup>141</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Savaşkan 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref144" rid="niceng180er11.ref144"><sup>144</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sawada 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref145" rid="niceng180er11.ref145"><sup>145</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sebranek 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref147" rid="niceng180er11.ref147"><sup>147</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Shah 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref148" rid="niceng180er11.ref148"><sup>148</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Shi 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref149" rid="niceng180er11.ref149"><sup>149</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: not review PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Shim 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref150" rid="niceng180er11.ref150"><sup>150</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sieber 1986<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref151" rid="niceng180er11.ref151"><sup>151</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Slas 1984<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref152" rid="niceng180er11.ref152"><sup>152</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sokos 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref154" rid="niceng180er11.ref154"><sup>154</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subramaniam 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref155" rid="niceng180er11.ref155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Svensson 1989<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref156" rid="niceng180er11.ref156"><sup>156</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Thomas 1984<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref158" rid="niceng180er11.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tsang 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref160" rid="niceng180er11.ref160"><sup>160</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Umpierrez 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref161" rid="niceng180er11.ref161"><sup>161</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">van den Berghe 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref163" rid="niceng180er11.ref163"><sup>163</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">van Kuijk 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref164" rid="niceng180er11.ref164"><sup>164</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Vanhorebeek 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref165" rid="niceng180er11.ref165"><sup>165</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Wahby 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref167" rid="niceng180er11.ref167"><sup>167</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Wallin 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng180er11.ref168" rid="niceng180er11.ref168"><sup>168</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate outcome</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng180er11appitab2"><div id="niceng180er11.appi.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the health economic review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561962/table/niceng180er11.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng180er11.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">None</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng180er11.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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