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class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK561392_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for preoperative rehabilitation</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Joint replacement (primary): hip, knee and shoulder</div><p><b>Evidence review C</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 157</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2020 Jun</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3722-6</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1"><h2 id="_niceng157er3_s1_">1. Preoperative rehabilitation</h2><div id="niceng157er3.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: Is preoperative rehabilitation clinically and cost effective for people having primary elective joint replacement?</h3></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>For many people who undergo hip, knee or shoulder replacement, recovery is difficult, prolonged and often painful. Symptoms generally improve with time, but some patients never regain optimal function of their joints. People planning to undergo joint replacement could participate in preoperative rehabilitation programmes as one possible way to optimise post-operative recovery, but there are no recommended national standards for such programmes.</p><p>Most current NHS preoperative programmes, when delivered, start between two to six weeks before the planned joint replacement operation and can be one-off appointments. For individuals awaiting hip and knee replacement, they are most frequently delivered in a group setting along with others waiting for joint replacement surgery. Programmes can be delivered by a variety of healthcare professionals either alone or in combination and can include: the provision of information on the expected pathways; advice on strategies to improve recovery e.g. nutritional advice, advice on sex before and after joint replacement, reducing smoking, alcohol consumption, improving diet and other lifestyle choices; advice and provision of exercises in preparation for surgery; advice on techniques for managing activities of daily living; and the provision and practice in using adaptive equipment such as raised toilet seats, dressing aids and walking aids e.g. crutches. Similar group programmes for shoulder replacements are less common due to fewer operations being performed.</p><p>Currently there is national variation in preoperative rehabilitation provision in the UK, in terms of whether this is routinely offered, what the content of the programme is and whether this is delivered in a group setting or via a 1-to1 approach.</p><p>This review seeks to discover the clinical and cost effectiveness of preoperative rehabilitation before hip, knee or shoulder replacement and identify whether individualised programmes with specific aims delivered by a rehabilitation team are more effective than usual care.</p></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details, see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng157er3.appa">Appendix A</a>: dichotomous</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng157er3tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er3tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng157er3.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="niceng157er3.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>A search was conducted for randomised trials comparing the effectiveness of individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes versus no program or usual care for patients awaiting primary elective hip, knee or shoulder joint replacement surgery.</p><p>Eight randomised controlled trials were included in the review;<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref5" rid="niceng157er3.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref6" rid="niceng157er3.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref23" rid="niceng157er3.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref30" rid="niceng157er3.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref33" rid="niceng157er3.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref38" rid="niceng157er3.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref45" rid="niceng157er3.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref85" rid="niceng157er3.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a> these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er3tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab2">Table 2</a> below. Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er3tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab3">Table 3</a>).</p><p>The aims of the studies included assessment of whether undertaking an individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes improved preoperative experience, reduced length of stay in hospital, increased the speed of recovery of function after surgery and led to improved function and quality of life.</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng157er3.appc">Appendix C</a>: study evidence tables in <a href="#niceng157er3.appd">Appendix D</a>: forest plots in <a href="#niceng157er3.appe">Appendix E</a>: and GRADE tables in <a href="#niceng157er3.apph">Appendix H</a>:</p></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#niceng157er3.appi">Appendix I</a>:</p></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng157er3tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er3tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng157er3.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng157er3.appd">Appendix D</a>: for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.4.4"><h4>1.4.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng157er3tab3"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er3tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Clinical evidence summary: individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes versus usual care." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng157er3.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes versus usual care. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng157er3.appf">Appendix F</a>: for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="niceng157er3.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>One health economic study was identified with the relevant comparison and it has been included in this review.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref5" rid="niceng157er3.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> It is summarised in the health economic evidence profile below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er3tab5" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab5">Table 5</a>) and the health economic evidence table in <a href="#niceng157er3.apph">Appendix H</a>:</p></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>One health economic study that was relevant to this question was excluded due to an assessment of very serious limitations – see <a href="#niceng157er3.appi">Appendix I</a>:</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng157er3.appg">Appendix G</a>:</p></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Unit costs</h4><p>The weighted average of the HRG codes for primary elective hip, knee and shoulder replacements in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er3tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab4">Table 4</a> are based upon the average length of stay and average cost of an excess bed day.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng157er3tab4"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er3tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Weighted average unit cost for hip, knee and shoulder HRG codes." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng157er3.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Weighted average unit cost for hip, knee and shoulder HRG codes. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.5.4"><h4>1.5.4. Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng157er3tab5"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er3tab5" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Health economic evidence profile: Preoperative rehabilitation versus no preoperative rehabilitation." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng157er3.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Health economic evidence profile: Preoperative rehabilitation versus no preoperative rehabilitation. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="niceng157er3.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><p>Evidence from 8 studies reported on people who are scheduled for hip or knee replacement surgery. No evidence was found for people scheduled for shoulder replacement surgery. The evidence review found no clinically important difference between individualised preoperative rehabilitation programs and usual care through 2 quality of life outcomes, 5 PROMs outcomes and 2 pain outcomes (moderate to very low quality, range of n=36–109). Evidence indicated a clinically important benefit for individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes in terms of length of stay (4 studies, very low quality, n=531) and function (1 study, very low quality, n=33). No evidence was available for revision of joint replacement, depression or disability.</p></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><p>One cost-consequence analysis found that preoperative rehabilitation was only marginally more costly compared to usual care for patients waiting for total knee replacement with an indeterminate effect on quality of life. This analysis was assessed as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</p></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="niceng157er3.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="niceng157er3.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The critical outcomes were agreed to be quality of life (QOL), Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), time until joint replacements were revised, depression, and disability. PROMs measure health gain in patients undergoing joint replacement. PROMs vary in terms of content and can cover a range of clinical measures such as QOL, pain, stiffness, and function. Disability gives an indication of a person’s function, and consequently their ability to return to work or undertake leisure activities. Returning to work and leisure activities can be important in terms of a person’s QOL.</p><p>Important outcomes were hospital readmissions, muscle atrophy, and length of stay. It was agreed to utilise function or pain outcomes if they were reported separately and not included in a PROM extracted from the same study.</p><p>The follow-up timescales for QOL, PROMs, disability and function were 6 to 24 months. The committee agreed the meaningful longer-term effects of preoperative rehabilitation could be expected 6 months after surgery until 2 years after surgery. Adverse outcomes such as depression, muscle atrophy and pain could be measured up to 2 years after surgery. The hospital readmissions timescale was elected to be within 90 days to pick up varying serious clinical outcomes that can occur, for example surgical site infections, dislocations, thromboembolic disorders, postoperative pain and cardiac dysrhythmia.</p><p>30-day mortality after joint arthroplasty is a rare event usually due to pre-existing cardiovascular and/or pulmonary disease and the committee did not consider this to be altered by the usage of prescribed and supervised exercises and advice by a member of the rehabilitation team.</p><p>No evidence was found for the following critical outcomes: revision of joint replacement, depression, or disability.</p></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>There were 11 outcomes analysed from the studies, evidence quality tended to be graded as low or very low though in 1 case it was determined to be moderate. All outcomes were downgraded in quality due to risk of bias and in many cases due to imprecision. The most common reasons for increased risk of bias were lack of blinding of participants or outcome assessors and unclear methods of allocation concealment. The data from 1 study was considered indirect because it was unclear how many participants undertook the physical conditioning programme and thus the exercise aspect of the programme might have had limited coverage</p></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>The purpose of this clinical question was to consider a ’bigger package’ than usual care. Usual care in hip or knee replacement consists of 1 to 2 group sessions with exercises and information about the surgery in terms of what to expect from the surgery, what is expected of them at the hospital and the postoperative process after the surgery. These are standardised rather than individualised programmes and should be provided to all people undergoing hip or knee joint replacement surgery at the very least. The committee conceptualised a bigger package of preoperative rehabilitation for hip and knee joint replacement surgery as an individualised programme with information on the surgery and the process in hospital with expectations of the outcome including possible adverse events, exercise interventions, assessment of ADL performance with advice and interventions to maximise ongoing independence, and health psychological assessment. This could include counselling, cognitive therapy, weight control, pain medication review, and optimised medication usage, all being given several weeks before the date of surgery. It was stated that information around sex after surgery can be of great importance to people and can play a key role in maintaining wellbeing. A committee member indicated that some of these aspects could plainly benefit people undergoing shoulder replacement surgery who currently receive no pre-operative input. The committee believe these interventions would be important for general health, cardiovascular health and maintenance of function and would be effective preparation for the joint replacement surgery. The educational and health psychology to enable a patient to be ready for discharge combined with exercise therapy and ADL advice / intervention to increase the speed of functional recovery. Preoperative rehabilitation could make people better able to deal with the possible complications after joint replacement surgery, promote understanding and engagement with postoperative rehabilitation, and prepare the person better for existing with a replaced joint. The outpatient aspects of these benefits would not be based on a reduction in length of stay and therefore could therefore apply to shoulder replacement surgery as well as hip and knee replacement surgery.</p><p>Eight randomised controlled trials were included in this evidence review. The people in the studies either had hip or knee replacement surgery. There were no studies including people who had shoulder replacement surgery. The preoperative rehabilitation interventions themselves contained aspects of the committee’s understanding of what it should be but none had the combined duration, intensity and breadth of that specified as ideal by the committee. The committee concluded that this limited the abilities of the studies to show the true benefits of preoperative rehabilitation though benefits were seen in terms of function and length of stay.</p><p>The results of the evidence review saw no clinically important difference in terms of quality of life or in terms of 5 PROMs outcomes, and pain. In all cases, only 1 study reported on each outcome. A clinically important benefit for individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes was seen in terms of length of stay, which was reported in 4 studies and function, which was reported in a single study.</p><p>The committee agreed that the RCTs included in the evidence review were small and underpowered to show a clinically important benefit in terms of preoperative rehabilitation. In addition, the evidence informing the outcomes tended to be graded low or very low quality and this reduced trust in the evidence being an accurate representation of the interventions.</p><p>The length of stay data was consistent in all studies showing a reduction in the preoperative rehabilitation intervention group. However, 3 studies showed a small and consistent reduction whereas 1 study showed a much greater reduction. It was unclear why there was such variation in effect size, though the committee noted that this could have been influenced by the background healthcare setting. The meta-analysis of length of stay indicated a reduction of 1.22 days per person. However the committee noted that the mean length of stay in studies included in the review control arms were much higher than the current length of stay in NHS care. The review shows a mean of 8.9 days in the control arms, whereas the current NHS length of stay is 4.5 days for total knee arthroplasty, based on the current evidence available and the committee’s clinical expertise. The committee considered the NHS length of stay is lower than the studies due to the effectiveness of usual care and the improvements that have happened in surgery and perioperative care. Therefore the committee agreed that a1.22 day reduction in length of stay in the NHS setting was unlikely to be fully realised but even reduced estimations could still be clinically and cost effective for NHS care. A lay member on the committee stated that wellbeing is improved by earlier discharge home and that these reductions would be of value to people who have had joint replacement surgery. The committee agreed that a mean reduction of 1 third of a day would still be a clinically important benefit. In terms of shoulder replacement, a committee member commented that shoulder replacement length of stay tends to be 1 night and shoulder replacement surgery in the USA is regularly undertaken as a day case. This very short length of stay and possible movement to a day case model means people having shoulder replacement surgery have a different length of stay model compared to people having hip and knee joint replacement. The committee agreed that length of stay is less of a driver for this intervention for shoulder joint replacement surgery.</p><p>The committee commented on the lack of consistency of the preoperative rehabilitation interventions in the RCTs included in the review. All included at least some form of exercise and advice and the sessions were individualised and as stated in the protocol with more than 1 rehabilitation session. There was inter-study variation in the exercise and information offered in terms of content and number of sessions and studies often included additional sessions, for example relaxation techniques or cognitive therapy within the preoperative rehabilitation. Thus it was difficult to exactly define what preoperative rehabilitation was in terms of the included randomised controlled trials outside of the definitive prescribed and supervised exercises and advice by a member of the rehabilitation team. Taken as a whole, the preoperative rehabilitation programmes found in the evidence-covered all the aspects stated by the committee. However no single study contained a preoperative rehabilitation programme that covered them all.</p><p>The interventions started at varying times before surgery, in 1 case it ranged from 1 to 24 weeks prior to surgery though multiple studies started 1 month prior to surgery. The committee agreed that exercise therapy is best undertaken at least 6 week prior to surgery and that this tended not to happen in the included studies and it was noted that this may have led to reduced positive effects of the intervention.</p><p>The committee also agreed through the evidence and consensus to offer preoperative rehabilitation advice to people having primary hip or knee replacement surgery but could not make a recommendation for people having shoulder replacement surgery. The committee stated a minimum set of areas that should be covered such as exercise advice, lifestyle advice, and advice about maximising functional independence and quality of life before and after surgery. This would include mobility independence. In addition the committee stated that wellbeing is a broad concept that includes personal dignity (including treatment of the individual with respect) physical and mental health and emotional wellbeing. They concluded preoperative rehabilitation could make people better able to deal with the possible complications after surgery, promote understanding and engagement with postoperative rehabilitation, and prepare the person better for existing with a replaced joint. The committee did not feel the evidence was strong enough to recommend an individualised programme and the advice offered was more similar to those in detailed in the RCTs included rather than the fuller programme detailed in the research recommendation. The committee discussed the type of exercises to prescribe. They agreed that these should be tailored to the person’s needs and circumstances, taking into account their activities of daily living. No timing aspect was stated in the recommendation as the committee were conscious that while lengthier rehabilitation could be more effective, it could delay surgery and that might be in conflict with the wishes of people undergoing the surgery due to the continued pain, impaired function, and reduced quality of life.</p><p>The committee spoke about their understanding of similarities and differences inherent between shoulder replacement surgery and hip or knee replacement surgery. The similarities can be seen in terms of the benefits of giving structured individualised information on the surgery itself, and the possible postoperative experiences in the immediate and long term. Also there are benefits to having good cardiovascular exercise prior to surgery in the post-surgery period. However the committee did not feel there was a great deal of benefit attempting to learn post-surgery exercise routines prior to surgery as the exercises are unlikely to be possible before surgery. For similar reasons it is not possible to build up important muscle groups in the affected arm prior to surgery. Finally the number of people having shoulder replacement surgery is much lower than those having hip or knee surgery and the committee were unsure provision of preoperative rehabilitation would be cost saving or cost neutral in this group. Based on the lack of evidence of clinical benefit and uncertainty around the cost of preoperative rehabilitation the committee decided not to make a recommendation in people having shoulder replacement surgery.</p><p>The committee commented that there is a lack of research in this field and made a research recommendation to investigate a fuller, earlier programme of preoperative rehabilitation before hip, knee or shoulder replacement surgery with the usual care as comparator. This research should indicate whether or not there are additional benefits in the preoperative period to be found on top of current care when a full preoperative rehabilitation programme is employed.</p></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>A single published economic evaluation was included. It found that preoperative rehabilitation was only marginally more costly compared with no preoperative rehabilitation for people waiting for primary total knee replacement. No evidence was found for hip and shoulder population.</p><p>This study was a randomised controlled trial included in the above clinical review. The length of stay reduction was typical of studies in that review, although the baseline mean length of stay was substantially higher than is typical in the UK today. The intervention was particularly intensive and the cost savings were partly attributable to reduction in readmissions, which was not studied in the other trials. The study also had limited applicability, since it was conducted in a Canadian setting, nearly twenty years ago and it was underpowered to detect an improvement in quality of life.</p><p>The committee expressed concerns about recommending a full preoperative rehabilitation programme (including a personalised, comprehensive and intensive intervention) due to the large resource impact and limitations of the evidence. However, the committee felt that the clinical and economic evidence was sufficient to make a strong recommendation in favour of advice on preoperative rehabilitation for people waiting for hip, and knee replacement. As the recommendation only concerns advice on preoperative rehabilitation, rather than a full programme, the recommendation will not have a large resource impact.</p><p>The recommendation was made for hip and knee surgery but not for shoulder replacement due to the differences between shoulder replacement surgery and hip or knee replacement surgery. Unlike for hip and knee replacement, it is difficult to learn post-operative exercise routines prior to shoulder surgery as the exercises are unlikely to be possible before surgery. For similar reasons it is not possible to build up important muscle groups in the affected arm prior to shoulder surgery.</p><p>In current practice, preoperative rehabilitation is often provided in the form of a joint school for hip and knee replacements, which would be a one-off appointment providing education and exercises. There may however, be some resource impact for those areas where there is no joint school or pre-operative class in the form of additional staff time or venue location in order to give out the advice. This additional cost might be offset through a reduction in length of stay through patient adherence to preoperative rehabilitation advice.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.rl.r1"><h2 id="_niceng157er3_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref1">Alghadir
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S. Comparison of the effect of pre- and post-operative physical therapy versus post-operative physical therapy alone on pain and recovery of function after total knee arthroplasty. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2016; 28(10):2754–2758 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5088120/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5088120</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27821929" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27821929</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref2">Aoki
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S. Home stretching exercise is effective for improving knee range of motion and gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2009; 21(2):113–9</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref3">Aydin
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H. No major effects of preoperative education in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement--a systematic review. Danish Medical Journal. 2015; 62(7):A5106 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26183051" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26183051</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref4">Aytekin
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DB. The effect of a preoperative exercise and education program on functional recovery, health related quality of life, and health service utilization following primary total knee arthroplasty. Journal of Rheumatology. 2004; 31(6):1166–73 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15170931" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15170931</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref6">Berge
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R. Pre-operative and post-operative effect of a pain management programme prior to total hip replacement: A randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2004; 110(1–2):33–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15275749" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15275749</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref7">Biau
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DJ, Porcher
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A, Babinet
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et al. Neither pre-operative education or a minimally invasive procedure have any influence on the recovery time after total hip replacement. International Orthopaedics. 2015; 39(8):1475–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25971655" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25971655</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref8">Bitterli
|
|
R, Sieben
|
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JM, Hartmann
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|
M, de Bruin
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ED. Pre-surgical sensorimotor training for patients undergoing total hip replacement: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011; 32(9):725–32 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21630176" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21630176</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref9">Blasco
|
|
JM, Igual-Camacho
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C, Roig-Casasus
|
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S. In-home versus hospital preoperative balance and proprioceptive training in patients undergoing TKR; Rationale, design, and method of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2017; 18:518 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5723092/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5723092</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29221471" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29221471</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref10">Borjesson
|
|
M, Robertson
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E, Weidenhielm
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L, Mattsson
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E, Olsson
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E. Physiotherapy in knee osteoarthrosis: Effect on pain and walking. Physiotherapy Research International. 1996; 1(2):89–97 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9238726" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9238726</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref11">Brown
|
|
K, Loprinzi
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PD, Brosky
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|
JA, Topp
|
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R. Prehabilitation influences exercise-related psychological constructs such as self-efficacy and outcome expectations to exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2014; 28(1):201–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23588484" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23588484</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref12">Brown
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|
K, Topp
|
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R, Brosky
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JA, Lajoie
|
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AS. Prehabilitation and quality of life three months after total knee arthroplasty: A pilot study. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2012; 115(3):765–74 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23409591" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23409591</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref13">Butler
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GS, Hurley
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CA, Buchanan
|
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KL, Smith-VanHorne
|
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J. Prehospital education: Effectiveness with total hip replacement surgery patients. Patient Education and Counseling. 1996; 29(2):189–97 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9006235" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9006235</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref14">Cabilan
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CJ, Hines
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|
S, Munday
|
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J. The effectiveness of prehabilitation or preoperative exercise for surgical patients: A systematic review. JBI Database Of Systematic Reviews And Implementation Reports. 2015; 13(1):146–87 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26447015" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26447015</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref15">Cabilan
|
|
CJ, Hines
|
|
S, Munday
|
|
J. The impact of prehabilitation on postoperative functional status, healthcare utilization, pain, and quality of life: A systematic review. Orthopaedic Nursing. 2016; 35(4):224–37 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27441877" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27441877</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref16">Calatayud
|
|
J, Casana
|
|
J, Ezzatvar
|
|
Y, Jakobsen
|
|
MD, Sundstrup
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E, Andersen
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LL. High-intensity preoperative training improves physical and functional recovery in the early post-operative periods after total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2017; 25(9):2864–2872 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26768606" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26768606</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref17">Cavill
|
|
S, McKenzie
|
|
K, Munro
|
|
A, McKeever
|
|
J, Whelan
|
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L, Biggs
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L
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et al. The effect of prehabilitation on the range of motion and functional outcomes in patients following the total knee or hip arthroplasty: A pilot randomized trial. Physiotherapy Theory & Practice. 2016; 32(4):262–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27050325" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27050325</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref18">Chen
|
|
H, Li
|
|
S, Ruan
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T, Liu
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L, Fang
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L. Is it necessary to perform prehabilitation exercise for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physician & Sportsmedicine. 2018; 46(1):36–43 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29125384" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29125384</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref19">Chesham
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RA, Shanmugam
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S. Does preoperative physiotherapy improve postoperative, patient-based outcomes in older adults who have undergone total knee arthroplasty? A systematic review. Physiotherapy Theory & Practice. 2017; 33(1):9–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27736286" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27736286</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref20">Clode-Baker
|
|
E, Draper
|
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E, Raymond
|
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N, Haslam
|
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C, Gregg
|
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P. Preparing patients for total hip replacement: A randomized controlled trial of a preoperative educational intervention. Journal of Health Psychology. 1997; 2(1):107–14 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22012802" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22012802</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref21">Cooil
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J, Bithell
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C. Pre-operative education for patients undergoing total hip replacement: A comparison of two methods. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 1997; 13(2):163–173</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>22.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref22">Cooke
|
|
M, Walker
|
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R, Aitken
|
|
LM, Freeman
|
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A, Pavey
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S, Cantrill
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R. Pre-operative self-efficacy education vs. usual care for patients undergoing joint replacement surgery: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 2016; 30(1):74–82 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25857374" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25857374</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref23">Crowe
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J, Henderson
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J. Pre-arthroplasty rehabilitation is effective in reducing hospital stay. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2003; 70(2):88–96 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12704972" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12704972</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref24">Czyzewska
|
|
A, Glinkowski
|
|
WM, Walesiak
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K, Krawczak
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K, Cabaj
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D, Gorecki
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A. Effects of preoperative physiotherapy in hip osteoarthritis patients awaiting total hip replacement. Archives of Medical Science. 2014; 10(5):985–991 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4223143/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4223143</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25395951" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25395951</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref25">D’Lima
|
|
DD, Colwell
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CW, Jr., Morris
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|
BA, Hardwick
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ME, Kozin
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F. The effect of preoperative exercise on total knee replacement outcomes. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1996; (326):174–82 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8620638" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8620638</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref26">Daltroy
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|
LH, Morlino
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CI, Eaton
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HM, Poss
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R, Liang
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MH. Preoperative education for total hip and knee replacement patients. Arthritis Care and Research. 1998; 11(6):469–78 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10030179" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10030179</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref27">Department of Health. NHS reference costs 2017–18. 2018. Available from: <a href="https://improvement.nhs.uk/resources/reference-costs/#rc1718" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://improvement<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nhs<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/resources/reference-costs/#rc1718</a> Last accessed: 18/07/2019</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref28">Doering
|
|
S, Behensky
|
|
H, Rumpold
|
|
G, Schatz
|
|
DS, Rössler
|
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S, Hofstötter
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B
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et al. Videotape preparation of patients before hip replacement surgery improves mobility after three months. Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie. 2001; 47(2):140–152 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11593458" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11593458</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref29">Doiron-Cadrin
|
|
P, Kairy
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|
D, Vendittoli
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|
PA, Lowry
|
|
V, Poitras
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S, Desmeules
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F. Effects of a tele-prehabilitation program or an in-person prehabilitation program in surgical candidates awaiting total hip or knee arthroplasty: Protocol of a pilot single blind randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. 2016; 4(2016):192–198 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5935896/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5935896</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29736482" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29736482</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref30">Doiron-Cadrin
|
|
P, Kairy
|
|
D, Vendittoli
|
|
PA, Lowry
|
|
V, Poitras
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S, Desmeules
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F. Feasibility and preliminary effects of a tele-prehabilitation program and an in-person prehablitation program compared to usual care for total hip or knee arthroplasty candidates: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2019; Epublication [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30638076" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30638076</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref31">Evgeniadis
|
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G, Beneka
|
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A, Malliou
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P, Mavromoustakos
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S, Godolias
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G. Effects of pre- or postoperative therapeutic exercise on the quality of life, before and after total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 2008; 21(3):161–169</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>32.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref32">Fernandes
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|
L, Roos
|
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EM, Overgaard
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S, Villadsen
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A, Sogaard
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R. Supervised neuromuscular exercise prior to hip and knee replacement: 12-month clinical effect and cost-utility analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2017; 18(1):5 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5217578/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5217578</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28061841" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28061841</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref33">Ferrara
|
|
PE, Rabini
|
|
A, Maggi
|
|
L, Piazzini
|
|
DB, Logroscino
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G, Magliocchetti
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G
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J, Mulholland
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CW. Effect of preparatory information prior to elective total hip replacement on post-operative physical coping outcomes. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 1996; 33(6):589–604 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8970857" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8970857</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>35.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref35">Gilbey
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HJ, Ackland
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TR, Tapper
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J, Wang
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AW. Perioperative exercise improves function following total hip arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Musculoskeletal Research. 2003; 7(2):111–23</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref36">Gill
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SD, McBurney
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H. Does exercise reduce pain and improve physical function before hip or knee replacement surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2013; 94(1):164–76 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22960276" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22960276</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref37">Giraudet-Le Quintrec
|
|
JS, Coste
|
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J, Vastel
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L, Pacault
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V, Jeanne
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L, Lamas
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JP
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et al. Positive effect of patient education for hip surgery: A randomized trial. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2003; (414):112–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12966284" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12966284</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref38">Gocen
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|
Z, Sen
|
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A, Unver
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B, Karatosun
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V, Gunal
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I. The effect of preoperative physiotherapy and education on the outcome of total hip replacement: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2004; 18(4):353–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15180117" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15180117</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref39">Goh
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ML, Chua
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JY, Lim
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L. Total knee replacement pre-operative education in a Singapore tertiary hospital: A best practice implementation project. International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing. 2015; 19(1):3–14 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25787812" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25787812</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref40">Gstoettner
|
|
M, Raschner
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C, Dirnberger
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E, Leimser
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H, Krismer
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M. Preoperative proprioceptive training in patients with total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2011; 18(4):265–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20801047" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20801047</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>41.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref41">Hayes
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Inc. Preoperative physical therapy for severe osteoarthritis of the knee. Lansdale. HAYES Inc, 2014. Available from: <a href="http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb/Showrecord.asp?LinkFrom=OAI&ID=32015000332" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.crd.york.ac<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/crdweb/Showrecord<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.asp?LinkFrom=OAI&ID<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​=32015000332</a></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>42.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref42">Hermann
|
|
A, Holsgaard-Larsen
|
|
A, Zerahn
|
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B, Mejdahl
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S, Overgaard
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S. Preoperative progressive explosive-type resistance training is feasible and effective in patients with hip osteoarthritis scheduled for total hip arthroplasty - a randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2016; 24(1):91–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26285180" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26285180</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref43">Hoogeboom
|
|
TJ, Dronkers
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|
JJ, van den Ende
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CH, Oosting
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E, van Meeteren
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NL. Preoperative therapeutic exercise in frail elderly scheduled for total hip replacement: A randomized pilot trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2010; 24(10):901–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20554640" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20554640</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref44">Hopman-Rock
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M, Westhoff
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MH. The effects of a health educational and exercise program for older adults with osteoarthritis for the hip or knee. Journal of Rheumatology. 2000; 27(8):1947–54 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10955337" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10955337</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>45.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref45">Huang
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SW, Chen
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PH, Chou
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YH. Effects of a preoperative simplified home rehabilitation education program on length of stay of total knee arthroplasty patients. Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research. 2012; 98(3):259–64 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22480863" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22480863</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>46.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref46">Huber
|
|
EO, de Bie
|
|
RA, Roos
|
|
EM, Bischoff-Ferrari
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HA. Effect of pre-operative neuromuscular training on functional outcome after total knee replacement: A randomized-controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2013; 14:157 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3651334/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3651334</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23641782" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23641782</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>47.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref47">Huber
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EO, Roos
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EM, Meichtry
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A, de Bie
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P, Sands
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G, Beswick
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AD, Davis
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M, Jennrich
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J, Alentorn-Geli
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E, Gines-Cespedosa
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V. The effectiveness of orthopedic patient education in improving patient outcomes: A systematic review protocol. JBI Database Of Systematic Reviews And Implementation Reports. 2015; 13(1):122–33 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26447013" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26447013</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>54.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref54">Mancuso
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CA, Graziano
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LM, Peterson
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MG, Pellicci
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S. Preoperative physiotherapy and short-term functional outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty. Singapore Medical Journal. 2016; 57(3):138–43 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4800724/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4800724</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26996450" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26996450</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>56.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref56">Matassi
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H, Bellemans
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S, Page
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AH, Rylands
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K. The impact of preoperative information on state anxiety, postoperative pain and satisfaction with pain management. Patient Education and Counseling. 2003; 51(2):169–76 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14572947" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14572947</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>76.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref76">Skoffer
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B, Maribo
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R, White
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PM, Nyland
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P, Taraldsen
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Y, Weingkum
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P. The effect of preoperative quadriceps exercise on functional outcome after total knee arthroplasty. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2012; 95:(Suppl 10):S58–66 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23451440" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23451440</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>82.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref82">Van Leeuwen
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DM, De Ruiter
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CJ, Nolte
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PA, De Haan
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A. Preoperative strength training for elderly patients awaiting total knee arthroplasty. Rehabilitation Research and Practice. 2014; 2014:462750 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3945933/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3945933</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24693435" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24693435</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>83.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref83">Villadsen
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A. Neuromuscular exercise prior to joint arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Danish Medical Journal. 2016; 63(4):B5235 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27034190" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27034190</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>84.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref84">Villadsen
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A, Overgaard
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S, Holsgaard-Larsen
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A, Christensen
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R, Roos
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EM. Postoperative effects of neuromuscular exercise prior to hip or knee arthroplasty: A randomised controlled trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2014; 73(6):1130–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23661494" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23661494</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>85.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref85">Vukomanovic
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A, Popovic
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Z, Durovic
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A, Krstic
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L. The effects of short-term preoperative physical therapy and education on early functional recovery of patients younger than 70 undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Vojnosanitetski Pregled. 2008; 65(4):291–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18499950" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18499950</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>86.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref86">Walls
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RJ, McHugh
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G, O’Gorman
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DJ, Moyna
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NM, O’Byrne
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JM. Effects of preoperative neuromuscular electrical stimulation on quadriceps strength and functional recovery in total knee arthroplasty. A pilot study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2010; 11:119 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2896350/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2896350</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20540807" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20540807</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>87.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref87">Wang
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AW, Gilbey
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HJ, Ackland
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TR. Perioperative exercise programs improve early return of ambulatory function after total hip arthroplasty: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2002; 81(11):801–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12394990" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12394990</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>88.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref88">Wang
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L, Lee
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M, Zhang
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Z, Moodie
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J, Cheng
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D, Martin
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J. Does preoperative rehabilitation for patients planning to undergo joint replacement surgery improve outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e009857 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4746481/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4746481</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26839013" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26839013</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>89.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref89">Weaver
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FM, Hughes
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SL, Almagor
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O, Wixson
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R, Manheim
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L, Fulton
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B
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et al. Comparison of two home care protocols for total joint replacement. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2003; 51(4):523–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12657073" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12657073</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>90.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref90">Weidenhielm
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L, Mattsson
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E, Brostrom
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LA, Wersall-Robertsson
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E. Effect of preoperative physiotherapy in unicompartmental prosthetic knee replacement. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 1993; 25(1):33–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8465163" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8465163</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>91.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref91">Wijgman
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AJ, Dekkers
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GH, Waltjé
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E, Krekels
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T, Arens
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HJ. No positive effect of preoperative exercise therapy and teaching in patients to be subjected to hip arthroplasty. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 1994; 138(19):949–952 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8196788" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8196788</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>92.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref92">Williamson
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L, Wyatt
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MR, Yein
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K, Melton
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JT. Severe knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial of acupuncture, physiotherapy (supervised exercise) and standard management for patients awaiting knee replacement. Rheumatology. 2007; 46(9):1445–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17604311" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17604311</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>93.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref93">Wilson
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RA, Watt-Watson
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J, Hodnett
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E, Tranmer
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J. A randomized controlled trial of an individualized preoperative education intervention for symptom management after total knee arthroplasty. Orthopaedic Nursing. 2016; 35(1):20–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26814004" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26814004</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>94.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref94">Yin
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B, Goldsmith
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L, Gambardella
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R. Web-based education prior to knee arthroscopy enhances informed consent and patient knowledge recall: A prospective, randomized controlled study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American Volume). 2015; 97(12):964–971 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26085529" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26085529</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>95.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er3.ref95">Zeng
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R, Lin
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J, Wu
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S, Chen
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L, Chen
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S, Gao
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H
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et al. A randomized controlled trial: Preoperative home-based combined Tai Chi and Strength Training (TCST) to improve balance and aerobic capacity in patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA). Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2015; 60(2):265–71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25533574" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25533574</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng157er3.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="niceng157er3.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 6. Review protocol: preoperative rehabilitation</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 211K)</span></p><p id="niceng157er3.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 7. Health economic review protocol</a></p></div><div id="niceng157er3.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref63" rid="niceng157er3.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></p><p><i>For more detailed information, please see the</i>
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<a href="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3_bm1.pdf">Methodology Review</a>.</p><div id="niceng157er3.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the searches where appropriate.</p><p id="niceng157er3.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appbtab1" class="figpopup">Table 8. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appbtab2" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appbtab3" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appbtab4" class="figpopup">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</a></p></div><div id="niceng157er3.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to the joint replacement population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional health economic searches were run in Medline and Embase.</p><p id="niceng157er3.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appbtab5" class="figpopup">Table 9. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appbtab6" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appbtab7" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appbtab8" class="figpopup">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="niceng157er3.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of preoperative rehabilitation</a></p></div><div id="niceng157er3.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng157er3.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (332K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng157er3.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="niceng157er3.appe.s1"><h4>E.1. Individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes versus usual care</h4><p id="niceng157er3.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Quality of life: SF36 MCS</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Quality of life: SF36 PCS</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 4. PROMs: change in Harris Hip Score</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 5. PROMs: WOMAC function</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 6. PROMs: WOMAC pain</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 7. PROMs: WOMAC stiffness</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appefig7" class="figpopup">Figure 8. PROMs: Oxford Hip Score</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appefig8" class="figpopup">Figure 9. Length of stay</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appefig9" class="figpopup">Figure 10. Function (AIMS score)</a></p><p id="niceng157er3.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appefig10" class="figpopup">Figure 11. Pain (VAS or NRS)</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p id="niceng157er3.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 10. Clinical evidence profile: Individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes versus usual care</a></p></div><div id="niceng157er3.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="niceng157er3.appg.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/figure/niceng157er3.appg.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appgfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 12. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</a></p></div><div id="niceng157er3.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng157er3.apph.et1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3-apph-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (172K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng157er3.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng157er3.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><p id="niceng157er3.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appitab1" class="figpopup">Table 11. Studies excluded from the clinical review</a></p></div><div id="niceng157er3.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p id="niceng157er3.appi.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appitab2" class="figpopup">Table 12. Studies excluded from the health economics review</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng157er3.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Research recommendations</h3><div id="niceng157er3.appj.s1"><h4>J.1. Preoperative rehabilitation</h4><p>
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<b>Research Question: What is the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a pre-operative rehabilitation given at least 2 months before hip, knee or shoulder replacement?</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Why is this important:</b>
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</p><p>People prior to hip, knee or shoulder replacement frequently present with a history of chronic joint pain, fear of movement and reduced physical function and independence with personal or extended activities of daily living. Following joint replacement, rehabilitation is aimed to address these to facilitate recovery. However, patient recovery may be enhanced both in speed and in outcome, through the provision of pre-operative rehabilitation interventions. These are aimed to increase physiological capability such as exercise tolerance and weight loss, pain management strategies and psychological readiness for surgery and subsequent recovery. Preoperative assessment of ADL performance and provision of advice and interventions aim to maintain and maximise function in the lead up to surgery. The current evidence-base on these interventions is limited in quality, with interventions largely assessed on exercise and education provision only. Future research in this area would provide clinicians and patients with a better understanding on what pre-operative interventions are indicated for improved post-operative outcomes, and which patients may be best directed to such interventions.</p><p id="niceng157er3.appj.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng157er3appjtab1" class="figpopup">Criteria for selecting high-priority research recommendations</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review underpinning recommendation 1.2.1 and the research recommendation in the NICE guideline</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre, hosted by the Royal College of Physicians</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer:</b> The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and, where appropriate, their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK561392</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881450" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32881450</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3tab1"><div id="niceng157er3.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults awaiting primary elective hip, knee or shoulder joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes from the time surgery is offered, involving multiple sessions, prescribed and supervised exercises and advice by a member of the rehabilitation team</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No formal preoperative rehabilitation or usual care class without an individualised program</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life within 6 to 24 months (continuous): for example EQ-5D, EQ-VAS</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) within 6 to 24 months (continuous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Revision of joint replacement (time to event)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Depression within 2 years (dichotomous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Disability (continuous) within 6 to 24 months</div></li></ul>
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<b>Important</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital readmissions: within 90 days (dichotomous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Muscle atrophy within 2 years (dichotomous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay (continuous)</div></li></ul>
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<b>To be extracted when not included within a PROM:</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Function / ADL / return to work within 6 to 24 months (continuous/dichotomous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain within 2 years (continuous)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
|
<p>If no well-conducted RCTs are available then observational studies with multivariate analysis will be investigated.</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3tab2"><div id="niceng157er3.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beaupre 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref5" rid="niceng157er3.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Advice and equipment: crutch walking, bed mobility and transfers, postoperative ROM routine. Exercise: designed to improve knee mobility and strength. 12 sessions over 4 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Comparison:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Continued regular activities until surgery.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with non-inflammatory arthritis and on a waiting list for primary total knee replacement.</p>
|
|
<p>N=131</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life: SF36 MCS</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life: SF36 PCS</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PROMs: WOMAC function</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PROMs: WOMAC pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PROMs: WOMAC stiffness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Canada</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berge 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref6" rid="niceng157er3.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Pain management Programme (PMP): Advice: educating people on arthritis, hip function and general health issues. Exercise and equipment: behaviour change in terms of exercise, joint protection and pacing activity. Utilising cognitive methods to address fears and frustrations alongside relaxation techniques. 6-week period prior to surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Comparison:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual care involving toning exercises and joint replacement written advice and advice on postoperative period.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People on a waiting list for hip replacement for at least 6 months</p>
|
|
<p>N=40.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Function (AIMS score)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
<p>Exercise component emphasised throughout intervention program.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Crowe 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref23" rid="niceng157er3.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Rehabilitation team undertake an assessment and formulate program based on needs. Advice: video, booklet, information on length of stay, discharge criteria, respite care and diet. Exercise: physical conditioning program available that focused on improving strength and endurance. All subjects received extensive individualized counselling from an occupational therapist. Beginning between 1 to 24 weeks prior to surgery</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Comparison:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual care of one appointment involving education on surgery and postoperative period.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People scheduled for total hip or knee joint replacement</p>
|
|
<p>N=133</p>
|
|
<p>Subjects were included who were not functioning well because of their joint dysfunction, and who also had limited social support, and/or comorbid medical conditions. Subjects were excluded if they were functioning well despite their joint dysfunction, and were managing their activities of daily living well with good carer support.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
<p>Considered indirect because it is unclear how many participants undertook the physical conditioning program</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doiron-Cadrin 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref30" rid="niceng157er3.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>2 Intervention groups:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>12 week program with 2 supervised physiotherapy sessions each week. 1 group was supervised in-person and the other by telecommunication. People were required to complete an exercise log book. Tailored prescription of exercises while monitoring pain, function and tolerance. Program contains proprioceptive exercises, cardiovascular warm up, education regarding medication usage, and ice application.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Comparison:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual care involving a single home visit from a community-based physiotherapist and the person is given an information booklet on surgery, medication, and rehabilitation.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults with severe OA who are on the waiting list for total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty</p>
|
|
<p>N=34</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes were found. All outcomes were prior to surgery.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Canada</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ferrara 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref33" rid="niceng157er3.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Exercise: group and individual exercises for five days per week with some physical therapist contact. Advice and equipment: movements that should be avoided, preventing dislocation of prostheses, the use of devices, correct posture, lifting and carrying, washing and bathing. Program begins one month prior to surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Comparison:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual care</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with end-stage osteoarthritis on a waiting list for total hip replacement</p>
|
|
<p>N=23</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Italy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gocen 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref38" rid="niceng157er3.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Exercise: instructed to perform routine three times daily and evaluated by a physiotherapist. Advice and equipment: education on movements that should be avoided, use of devices, posture, lifting and carrying, washing and bathing.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Comparison:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No preoperative exercise or education program was given</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People scheduled for total hip replacement (THR) with thrust plate prosthesis (TPP) and cementless acetabular component</p>
|
|
<p>N=60</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PROMs: change in Harris Hip Score</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turkey</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huang 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref45" rid="niceng157er3.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>In addition to usual care. Advice and equipment: education program including hospitalization, discharge, post-TKA rehabilitation, safe transferring technique, guide for crutches and canes, and fall prevention. Exercise: thigh muscle strength training. Beginning 2 to 4 weeks prior to surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Comparison:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Usual care where leisure activities and exercises were not prohibited.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with advanced osteoarthritis who are scheduled for unilateral primary total knee replacement</p>
|
|
<p>N=243</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vukomanovic 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref85" rid="niceng157er3.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Intervention:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Advice in 1 class: information about the operation, caution measures and rehabilitation after the arthroplasty through conversation with the physiatrist and a brochure. Exercise and equipment (2 classes): physiotherapist instructed exercises and basic activities from the postoperative rehabilitation program, such as bed mobility, getting out and in bed, standing and walking with crutches, use of toilet, sitting on chair, walking up and down stairs with aids.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Comparison:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Group did not receive intervention advice or exercise therapy classes</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with primary and secondary osteoarthritis who were scheduled for primary total hip replacement</p>
|
|
<p>N=45</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PROMs: Oxford Hip Score</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serbia</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3tab3"><div id="niceng157er3.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Individualised preoperative rehabilitation (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life: SF36 PCS</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>109</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life: SF36 PCS in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>58</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life: SF36 PCS in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(5.06 to 1.06 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life: SF36</p>
|
|
<p>MCS</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>109</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life: SF36 MCS in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>41</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life: SF36 MCS in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(6.38 lower to 0.38 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PROMs: change in Harris Hip Score</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>59</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>2 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean proms: change in Harris Hip Score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>50.96</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean proms: change in Harris Hip Score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.57 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(4.52 lower to 11.66 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PROMs: WOMAC function</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>109</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean proms: WOMAC function in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>77</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean proms: WOMAC function in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(5.63 lower to 5.63 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PROMs: WOMAC pain</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>109</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean proms: WOMAC pain in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean proms: WOMAC pain in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.45 lower to 7.45 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PROMs: WOMAC stiffness</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>109</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean proms: WOMAC stiffness in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>71</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean proms: WOMAC stiffness in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(11.32 lower to 3.32 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PROMs: Oxford Hip Score</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 48.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>15 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean proms: Oxford Hip Score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>17.59</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean proms: Oxford Hip Score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.53 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(5.12 lower to 4.06 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Revision of joint replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Depression</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Disability</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>531</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean length of stay in the control groups was 8.9 days</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.22 days lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.42 to 0.01 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Function (AIMS score)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 90.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>8 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean function (AIMS score) in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>49.12</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean function (AIMS score) in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.23 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(12.01 to 0.45 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain (Change in VAS or NRS)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>56</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>3 or 8 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean change in pain (NRS) in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>-6.27</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain (NRS) in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.63 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.84 lower to 0.58 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er3.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er3.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er3.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3tab4"><div id="niceng157er3.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Weighted average unit cost for hip, knee and shoulder HRG codes</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention/Diagnosis</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Reference cost HRG</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Weighted national average</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Weighted average length of stay</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Weighted average cost of excess bed day</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very Major Hip Procedures for Non-Trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weighted for complications and co morbidities for HRG codes: HN12A, HN12B HN12C, HN12D, HN12E and HN12F; as recorded for Elective Inpatients</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£6,571</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.93</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£406.63</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very Major Knee Procedures for Non-Trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weighted for complications and co morbidities for HRG codes: HN22A, HN22B HN22C HN22D and HN22E; as recorded for Elective Inpatients</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£6,336</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.94</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£406.95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very Major Shoulder Procedures for Non-Trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weighted for complications and co morbidities for HRG codes: HN52A, HN52B and HN52C; as recorded for Elective Inpatients</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£6,240</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£455.68</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er3.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Source: NHS Reference Costs 2017/18<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref27" rid="niceng157er3.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3tab5"><div id="niceng157er3.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Health economic evidence profile: Preoperative rehabilitation versus no preoperative rehabilitation</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Limitations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other comments</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental cost</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental effects</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Uncertainty</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Beaupre 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref5" rid="niceng157er3.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>(Canada)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup>(a)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations<sup>(b)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People on a waiting list for total knee replacement.</p>
|
|
<p>Advice and equipment: crutch walking, bed mobility and transfers, postoperative range of motion routine. Exercise: designed to improve knee mobility and strength. 12 sessions over 4 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>Randomised controlled trial</p>
|
|
<p>Time horizon=12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+£1.63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Change in SF36</p>
|
|
<p>PCS: -3</p>
|
|
<p>MCS:+5</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indeterminate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.tab5_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No sensitivity analysis</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: MCS=Mental component score (0–100); PCS=Physical component score (0–100); SF-36=Short-form 36</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er3.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">No quality-adjusted life-years and Canadian setting</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er3.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Single underpowered trial. Costs from 1997/8. Baseline length of hospital stay is longer than in England. Discount rate was not reported</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appatab1"><div id="niceng157er3.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Objectives</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search criteria</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the clinical review protocol above.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant health economic study design (cost–utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost–consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of health economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a health economic study filter – see <a href="#niceng157er3.appb">appendix B</a> below.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Review strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2003, abstract-only studies and studies from low or middle-income countries (e.g. non-OECD countries) or the USA will also be excluded.</p><p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in appendix H of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref63" rid="niceng157er3.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></p><p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b></p>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’, then it will be included in the guideline. A health economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then a health economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul>
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<p><b>Where there is discretion</b></p><p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include health economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to exclude the remaining studies selectively. All studies excluded based on applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation in the excluded health economic studies appendix below.</p><p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p><p><i>Setting:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Health economic study type:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost–utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost–benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–consequences analysis).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Year of analysis:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2003 or later but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly before 2003 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2003 will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis:</i>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis match with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline.</div></li></ul></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appbtab1"><div id="niceng157er3.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 01 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 01 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Cochrane Reviews to 2019 Issue 5 of 12</p>
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<p>CENTRAL to 2019 Issue 5 of 12</p>
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<p>DARE, and NHSEED to 2015 Issue 2 of 4</p>
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<p>HTA to 2016 Issue 4 of 4</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appbtab2"><div id="niceng157er3.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">arthroplasty/ or arthroplasty, replacement/ or arthroplasty, replacement, hip/ or arthroplasty, replacement, knee/ or arthroplasty, replacement, shoulder/ or hemiarthroplasty/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">joint prosthesis/ or hip prosthesis/ or knee prosthesis/ or shoulder prosthesis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) adj5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/5-12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 not 14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/15-21</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 not 22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 23 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rehabilitation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rehabilitation Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rehab*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(prehabilitat* or pre habilitat*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Early Ambulation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(early adj3 (ambulation or mobili*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical Therapy Modalities/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Exercise Therapy/ or Physical Conditioning, Human/ or Occupational Therapy/ or Recreation Therapy/ or Rehabilitation, Vocational/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive/ or Muscle Stretching Exercises/ or Manipulation, Orthopedic/ or Resistance Training/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((physical* or exercise* or motion or movement or occupational or recreation* or vocational) adj3 (therap* or condition*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(manipulation or MUA).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((standardi?ed or SE or continuous passive motion or CPM or slider board or SB or range of motion or ROM or resistance or weight bearing or equilibrium or flexibility or stretch*) adj2 (therap* or exercise*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">physiotherap*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hydrotherapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hydrotherap* or aquatic physiotherap*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(electric* nerve stimulation or TENS).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patient Education as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(patient* adj3 (education or information or advice)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25-43</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 44</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/46-52</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/54-63</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cohort studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Controlled Before-After Studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Historically Controlled Study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted Time Series Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/65-74</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/76-77</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 or 78</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/80-81</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 or 82</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 or 78 or 82</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 and (53 or 64 or 84)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appbtab3"><div id="niceng157er3.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*arthroplasty/ or *replacement arthroplasty/ or *hip replacement/ or *knee replacement/ or *shoulder replacement/ or *hemiarthroplasty/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*joint prosthesis/ or *hip prosthesis/ or *knee prosthesis/ or *shoulder prosthesis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) adj5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/5-9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 11</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 21 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp rehabilitation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rehabilitation nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rehab*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(prehabilitat* or pre habilitat*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*mobilization/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(early adj3 (ambulation or mobili*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*physiotherapy/ or *kinesiotherapy/ or *exercise/ or *occupational therapy/ or *recreational therapy/ or *vocational rehabilitation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*movement therapy/ or *stretching exercise/ or *orthopedic manipulation/ or *resistance training/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((physical* or exercise* or motion or movement or occupational or recreation* or vocational) adj3 (therap* or condition*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(manipulation or MUA).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((standardi?ed or SE or continuous passive motion or CPM or slider board or SB or range of motion or ROM or resistance or weight bearing or equilibrium or flexibility or stretch*) adj2 (therap* or exercise*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">physiotherap*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hydrotherapy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hydrotherap* or aquatic physiotherap*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(electric* nerve stimulation or TENS).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*patient education/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(patient* adj3 (education or information or advice)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/23-40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 and 41</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/43-51</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/53-62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">follow-up/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71 and 72</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/64-70,73-77</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/79-80</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78 or 81</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cross-sectional study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/83-84</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78 or 85</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78 or 81 or 85</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42 and (52 or 63 or 87)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appbtab4"><div id="niceng157er3.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Arthroplasty] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Arthroplasty, Replacement] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Hemiarthroplasty] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #1-#6)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Joint Prosthesis] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Hip Prosthesis] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Knee Prosthesis] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Shoulder Prosthesis] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #8-#11)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) near/5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #7, #12-#13)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Rehabilitation] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Rehabilitation Nursing] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rehab*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(prehabilitat* or pre habilitat*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Early Ambulation] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(early near/3 (ambulation or mobili*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Physical Therapy Modalities] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Exercise Therapy] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Physical Conditioning, Human] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Occupational Therapy] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Recreation Therapy] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Rehabilitation, Vocational] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Muscle Stretching Exercises] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Manipulation, Orthopedic] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Resistance Training] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((physical* or exercise* or motion or movement or occupational or recreation* or vocational) near/3 (therap* or condition*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(manipulation or MUA):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((standardised or standardized or SE or continuous passive motion or CPM or slider board or SB or range of motion or ROM or resistence or weight bearing or equilibrium or flexibility or stretch*) near/2 (therap* or exercise*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">physiotherap*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Hydrotherapy] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hydrotherap* or aquatic physiotherap*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(electric* nerve stimulation or TENS):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Patient Education as Topic] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(patient* near/3 (education or information or advice)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #15-#40)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14 and #41</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appbtab5"><div id="niceng157er3.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 01 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
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|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 01 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>HTA - Inception – 01 May 2019</p>
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<p>NHSEED - Inception to March 2015</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appbtab6"><div id="niceng157er3.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">arthroplasty/ or arthroplasty, replacement/ or arthroplasty, replacement, hip/ or arthroplasty, replacement, knee/ or arthroplasty, replacement, shoulder/ or hemiarthroplasty/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">joint prosthesis/ or hip prosthesis/ or knee prosthesis/ or shoulder prosthesis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) adj5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/5-12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 not 14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/15-21</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 not 22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 23 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25-40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 41</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appbtab7"><div id="niceng157er3.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*arthroplasty/ or *replacement arthroplasty/ or *hip replacement/ or *knee replacement/ or *shoulder replacement/ or *hemiarthroplasty/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*joint prosthesis/ or *hip prosthesis/ or *knee prosthesis/ or *shoulder prosthesis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) adj5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/5-9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 11</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 21 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/23-35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 and 36</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appbtab8"><div id="niceng157er3.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR arthroplasty</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR arthroplasty, replacement</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR arthroplasty, replacement, hip</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR arthroplasty, replacement, knee</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR arthroplasty, replacement, shoulder</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR hemiarthroplasty</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR joint prosthesis</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR hip prosthesis</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR knee prosthesis</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR shoulder prosthesis</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) adj5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11) IN NHSEED</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11) IN HTA</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appcfig1"><div id="niceng157er3.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20preoperative%20rehabilitation.&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of preoperative rehabilitation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of preoperative rehabilitation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appefig1"><div id="niceng157er3.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Quality%20of%20life%3A%20SF36%20MCS.&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Quality of life: SF36 MCS." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Quality of life: SF36 MCS</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appefig2"><div id="niceng157er3.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Quality%20of%20life%3A%20SF36%20PCS.&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Quality of life: SF36 PCS." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Quality of life: SF36 PCS</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appefig3"><div id="niceng157er3.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20PROMs%3A%20change%20in%20Harris%20Hip%20Score.&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. PROMs: change in Harris Hip Score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">PROMs: change in Harris Hip Score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appefig4"><div id="niceng157er3.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20PROMs%3A%20WOMAC%20function.&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. PROMs: WOMAC function." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">PROMs: WOMAC function</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appefig5"><div id="niceng157er3.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20PROMs%3A%20WOMAC%20pain.&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. PROMs: WOMAC pain." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">PROMs: WOMAC pain</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appefig6"><div id="niceng157er3.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20PROMs%3A%20WOMAC%20stiffness.&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. PROMs: WOMAC stiffness." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">PROMs: WOMAC stiffness</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appefig7"><div id="niceng157er3.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20PROMs%3A%20Oxford%20Hip%20Score.&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. PROMs: Oxford Hip Score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">PROMs: Oxford Hip Score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appefig8"><div id="niceng157er3.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appefig9"><div id="niceng157er3.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Function%20(AIMS%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Function (AIMS score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Function (AIMS score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appefig10"><div id="niceng157er3.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Pain%20(VAS%20or%20NRS).&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Pain (VAS or NRS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Pain (VAS or NRS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appftab1"><div id="niceng157er3.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Individualised preoperative rehabilitation programmes versus usual care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Individualised preoperative rehabilitation</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life: SF36 PCS (follow-up 1 years; range of scores: 0–100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 lower (5.06 to 1.06 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life: SF36 MCS (follow-up 1 years; range of scores: 0–100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3 lower (6.38 lower to 0.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PROMs: change in Harris Hip Score (follow-up 2 years; range of scores: 0–100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.57 higher (4.52 lower to 11.66 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PROMs: WOMAC function (follow-up mean 1 years; range of scores: 0–100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 higher (5.63 lower to 5.63 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PROMs: WOMAC pain (follow-up mean 1 years; range of scores: 0–100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 higher (3.45 lower to 7.45 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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|
<p>LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PROMs: WOMAC stiffness (follow-up mean 1 years; range of scores: 0–100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4 lower (11.32 lower to 3.32 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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|
<p>LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PROMs: Oxford Hip Score (follow-up mean 15 months; range of scores: 0–48; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.53 lower (5.12 lower to 4.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Length of stay (follow-up N/A; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">266</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">265</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.22 lower (2.42 to 0.01 lower))</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Function (AIMS score) (follow-up median 8 months; range of scores: 0–90; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 6.23 lower (12.01 to 0.45 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pain (NRS or change in VAS) (follow-up 3–8 months; range of scores: 0–10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.63 lower (1.84 lower to 0.58 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pain (Change in VAS) (follow-up 3 months; range of scores: 0–10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.53 lower (1.99 lower to 0.93 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng157er3appgfig1"><div id="niceng157er3.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20health%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=561392_niceng157er3appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK561392/bin/niceng157er3appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>a) Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p><p>b) One study was applicable to both Q3.1 and Q3.2</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appitab1"><div id="niceng157er3.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alghadir 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref1" rid="niceng157er3.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aoki 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref2" rid="niceng157er3.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aydin 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref3" rid="niceng157er3.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not include studies of people scheduled for shoulder joint replacement. Included studies were checked for inclusion in this evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aytekin 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref4" rid="niceng157er3.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Controlled trial was not randomised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biau 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref7" rid="niceng157er3.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not include exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bitterli 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref8" rid="niceng157er3.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blasco 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref9" rid="niceng157er3.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Borjesson 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref10" rid="niceng157er3.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brown 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref12" rid="niceng157er3.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brown 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref11" rid="niceng157er3.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Butler 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref13" rid="niceng157er3.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention: not individualised</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cabilan 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref14" rid="niceng157er3.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not include studies of people scheduled for shoulder joint replacement. Included studies were checked for inclusion in this evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cabilan 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref15" rid="niceng157er3.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population. Relevant includes checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calatayud 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref16" rid="niceng157er3.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cavill 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref17" rid="niceng157er3.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention extended to the postoperative period</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref18" rid="niceng157er3.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not include studies of people scheduled for hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies were checked for inclusion in this evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chesham 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref19" rid="niceng157er3.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not include studies of people scheduled for hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies were checked for inclusion in this evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clode-baker 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref20" rid="niceng157er3.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of exercise offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cooil 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref21" rid="niceng157er3.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cooke 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref22" rid="niceng157er3.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of exercise offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Czyzewska 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref24" rid="niceng157er3.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Daltroy 1998<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref26" rid="niceng157er3.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not include exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">D’lima 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref25" rid="niceng157er3.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doering 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref28" rid="niceng157er3.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not English language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doiron-cadrin 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref29" rid="niceng157er3.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol for an RCT</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evgeniadis 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref31" rid="niceng157er3.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fernandes 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref32" rid="niceng157er3.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gammon 1996<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref34" rid="niceng157er3.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not include exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gilbey 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref35" rid="niceng157er3.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gill 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref36" rid="niceng157er3.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not include studies of people scheduled for shoulder joint replacement. Included studies were checked for inclusion in this evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Giraudet-le quintrec 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref37" rid="niceng157er3.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not include exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goh 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref39" rid="niceng157er3.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gstoettner 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref40" rid="niceng157er3.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hayes 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref41" rid="niceng157er3.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unable to obtain</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hermann 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref42" rid="niceng157er3.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hoogeboom 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref43" rid="niceng157er3.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hopman-rock 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref44" rid="niceng157er3.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huber 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref46" rid="niceng157er3.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huber 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref47" rid="niceng157er3.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jepson 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref48" rid="niceng157er3.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention extended to the postoperative period</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Johansson 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref49" rid="niceng157er3.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not include exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kearney 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref50" rid="niceng157er3.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kwok 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref51" rid="niceng157er3.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not include studies of people scheduled for hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies were checked for inclusion in this evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Leal-blanquet 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref52" rid="niceng157er3.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lucas 2013a</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lucas 2013b</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Majid 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref53" rid="niceng157er3.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unable to obtain</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mancuso 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref54" rid="niceng157er3.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not include exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mat eil ismail 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref55" rid="niceng157er3.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matassi 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref56" rid="niceng157er3.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mcdonald 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref57" rid="niceng157er3.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not include studies of people scheduled for shoulder joint replacement. Included studies were checked for inclusion in this evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mcgregor 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref58" rid="niceng157er3.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not include exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mckay 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref59" rid="niceng157er3.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Memtsoudis 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref60" rid="niceng157er3.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mitchell 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref61" rid="niceng157er3.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Variation between treatment groups in postoperative care</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moyer 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref62" rid="niceng157er3.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not include studies of people scheduled for shoulder joint replacement. Included studies were checked for inclusion in this evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oosting 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref64" rid="niceng157er3.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of exercise offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Osborne 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref66" rid="niceng157er3.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peer 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref67" rid="niceng157er3.ref67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not include studies of people scheduled for hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies were checked for inclusion in this evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pour 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref68" rid="niceng157er3.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions post surgery varied between treatment groups</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rivard 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref69" rid="niceng157er3.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not include exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rodgers 1998<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref70" rid="niceng157er3.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rooks 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref71" rid="niceng157er3.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Santavirta 1994<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref72" rid="niceng157er3.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saw 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref73" rid="niceng157er3.ref73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Siggeirsdottir 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref74" rid="niceng157er3.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions post surgery varied between treatment groups</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sjoling 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref75" rid="niceng157er3.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Skoffer 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref76" rid="niceng157er3.ref76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Soeters 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref77" rid="niceng157er3.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not include exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Swank 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref78" rid="niceng157er3.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thingstad 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref79" rid="niceng157er3.ref79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Variation between treatment groups in postoperative care</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topp 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref80" rid="niceng157er3.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tungtrongjit 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref81" rid="niceng157er3.ref81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van leeuwen 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref82" rid="niceng157er3.ref82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Villadsen 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref84" rid="niceng157er3.ref84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Villadsen 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref83" rid="niceng157er3.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not include studies of people scheduled for shoulder joint replacement. Included studies were checked for inclusion in this evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Walls 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref86" rid="niceng157er3.ref86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref87" rid="niceng157er3.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref88" rid="niceng157er3.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions differ from this review. Included studies checked for inclusion in this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weaver 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref89" rid="niceng157er3.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Variation between treatment groups in postoperative care</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weidenhielm 1993<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref90" rid="niceng157er3.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wijgman 1994<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref91" rid="niceng157er3.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not English language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Williamson 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref92" rid="niceng157er3.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wilson 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref93" rid="niceng157er3.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not include exercises</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yin 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref94" rid="niceng157er3.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zeng 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref95" rid="niceng157er3.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment groups do not vary in terms of advice offered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appitab2"><div id="niceng157er3.appi.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the health economics review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huang 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng157er3.ref45" rid="niceng157er3.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er3.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Key cost component was not included.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng157er3appjtab1"><div id="niceng157er3.appj.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Criteria for selecting high-priority research recommendations</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561392/table/niceng157er3.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er3.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PICO question</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Population: Adults listed 2 months prior to a hip, knee or shoulder replacement.</p>
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<p>Intervention: Each person receives an individualised preoperative rehabilitation programme tailored to their clinical presentation. This programme could include: exercise interventions, psychological assessment with counselling or cognitive therapy, weight control, pain medication review or prescription, provision of equipment and assistive technologies, education on pre- and post-operative health promotion and physical activity advice. It could be delivered individually, or using the guidance of the individual programme, in a group-setting (e.g. Joint School). Interventions should be of sufficient duration to be able to provide physiological benefit (i.e. strength, range of motion, cardiovascular).</p>
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<p>Comparison: Usual care which does not involve individualised pre-operative rehabilitation interventions.</p>
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<p>Outcome(s): Pain, function, health related quality of life, adverse events, health economic measures (direct and indirect costs)</p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to patients or the population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">If patients can modify factors associated with poor outcome and post-operative complications such as excessive weight, smoking and low physical capability such as mobility and joint strength and have greater understanding on the post-operative recovery phase through cognitive support and education, their outcome may be improved. Furthermore, with reduced post-operative complications and increased readiness for recovery, reduced length of stay or requirement for ongoing rehabilitation, this may translate to reduced costs incurred on NHS services, thereby providing resources to other services for wider patient care.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A recommendation was made to offer pre-operative rehabilitation for people listed for hip or knee replacement surgery. No recommendation has been made for people undergoing shoulder replacement surgery. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the current evidence. Further research on these may enable recommendations on their use to be included in future updates of the guideline.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Improved pre-operative rehabilitation capabilities and readiness for recovery could improve patient’s health related quality of life and clinical outcomes. Improving these could reduce the risk of post-operative complications and prolonged rehabilitation needs. This may therefore reduce the NHS needs patients incur both in primary and secondary care sectors during the recovery phases following joint replacement surgery.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">National priorities</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High quality evidence for pre-operative rehabilitation interventions for people listed for hip, knee or shoulder replacement surgery is lacking.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trial comparing pre-operative rehabilitation in addition to conventional pre-operative consent and medical assessment compared to conventional pre-operative consent and medical assessment alone. Participants randomised to the pre-operative rehabilitation intervention should be provided with this intervention a minimum of 2 months prior to surgery to confer physiological benefits to exercise.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This has been designed to reflect current clinical practice where a 2-month interval between listing and surgery is feasible. A longer duration may not be feasibility against waiting list targets. Funding could provide a challenge as it would be unlikely that funding could be gained from commercial funders given the intervention is non-pharmacological or a device. Recruitment for this population is feasible given the numbers of joint replacements conducted each year. However, assessment of compliance to the intervention over the 2-month proposed intervention period could be challenging for individuals with chronic pain and therefore should be designed to be flexible to account for an individual’s specific care needs..</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other comments</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The potential clinical and cost-effectiveness benefits which this intervention may provide, for a population which is not insignificant in the NHS from a patient-number perspective, means this is a research importance.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er3.appj.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate: the research is of interest and will fill existing evidence gaps.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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