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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng157er7-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence review for tranexamic acid to minimise blood loss" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK561388_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for tranexamic acid to minimise blood loss</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Joint replacement (primary): hip, knee and shoulder</div><p><b>Evidence review G</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 157</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2020 Jun</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3722-6</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="niceng157er7.s1"><h2 id="_niceng157er7_s1_">1. Tranexamic acid</h2><div id="niceng157er7.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: In adults having primary elective joint replacement, what is the clinical and cost effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) for minimising blood loss from surgery?</h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>Significant blood loss may occur during joint replacement surgery. Treatments to reduce the blood loss offer advantages to patients, reducing the need for blood products, which are expensive, and reducing recovery time and improving the recovery experience. Tranexamic acid has been utilised both systemically and topically to reduce blood loss in joint replacement surgery. There is currently no agreed national standard on which method of delivery is the best. This review seeks to assess whether tranexamic acid is effective and what the most effective method of delivery is.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng157er7.appa">Appendix A</a>:</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="niceng157er7.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>A search was conducted for randomised trials investigating the effectiveness of tranexamic acid for reducing blood loss during primary elective joint replacement surgery.</p><p>108 randomised controlled trials were included in the review; <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref84"><sup>84</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref104"><sup>104</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref109"><sup>109</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref111"><sup>111</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref122"><sup>122</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref138"><sup>138</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref145"><sup>145</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref147"><sup>147</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref154"><sup>154</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref155"><sup>155</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref161"><sup>161</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref162"><sup>162</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref166"><sup>166</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref167"><sup>167</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref170"><sup>170</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref172"><sup>172</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref175"><sup>175</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref176"><sup>176</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref180"><sup>180</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref183"><sup>183</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref191"><sup>191</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref193"><sup>193</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref195"><sup>195</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref197"><sup>197</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref200"><sup>200</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref201"><sup>201</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref203"><sup>203</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref206"><sup>206</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref210"><sup>210</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref214"><sup>214</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref215"><sup>215</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref225"><sup>225</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref233"><sup>233</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref241"><sup>241</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref246"><sup>246</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref248"><sup>248</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref251"><sup>251</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref253"><sup>253</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref256"><sup>256</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref259"><sup>259</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref263"><sup>263</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref264"><sup>264</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref270"><sup>270</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref276"><sup>276</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref280"><sup>280</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref282"><sup>282</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref285"><sup>285</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref287"><sup>287</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref289"><sup>289</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref291"><sup>291</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref302"><sup>302</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref303"><sup>303</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref305"><sup>305</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref307"><sup>307</sup></a> these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er7tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng157er7tab2">Table 2</a> below. Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er7tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng157er7tab3">Table 3</a>).</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#niceng157er7.appi">Appendix I</a>:</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#niceng157er7.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.4.4"><h4>1.4.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#niceng157er7.appf">Appendix F</a>: for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>Three health economic studies were identified with the relevant comparison and have been included in this review. <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a> These are summarised in the health economic evidence profile below (see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er7tab16" rid-ob="figobniceng157er7tab16">Table 16</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er7tab17" rid-ob="figobniceng157er7tab17">Table 17</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er7tab18" rid-ob="figobniceng157er7tab18">Table 18</a>) and the health economic evidence tables in <a href="#niceng157er7.apph">Appendix H</a>:</p><p>An original network meta-analysis and cost comparison was conducted for this review and can be found in the <a href="https://extranet.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/ncgc/Joint%20replacement/Technical%20team/02%20Post%20NICE%20comments%20RAG%20draft/HE%20Model" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">TXA Network meta-analysis and cost comparison</a> appendix.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>Two economic studies relating to this review question were identified but were selectively excluded due to the availability of more applicable evidence. <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref249"><sup>249</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a>. Four economic studies were found but excluded due to very serious limitations.<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref173"><sup>173</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref198"><sup>198</sup></a></p><p>These are listed in <a href="#niceng157er7.appi">Appendix I</a>: with reasons for exclusion given.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng157er7.appg">Appendix G</a>:</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h4><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.3.1"><h5>1.5.3.1. Health economic modelling</h5><p>The committee agreed that new economic analysis of the different ways to administer TXA was the highest priority for the guideline due to other high economic priorities being downgraded or an inability to model. The cost differences between the methods was not considered to be large, however the clinical review showed a difference in transfusion rates, which can have large cost implications. It was felt that a new cost analysis could reduce the uncertainty around the cost of transfusions and different methods of administration.</p><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.3.1.1"><h5>1.5.3.1.1. Method</h5><p>A technical report for this analysis including full details of all methods is available in the <a href="https://extranet.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/ncgc/Joint%20replacement/Technical%20team/02%20Post%20NICE%20comments%20RAG%20draft/HE%20Model/TXA%20Network%20meta-analysis%20and%20cost%20comparison.docx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">TXA Network meta-analysis and cost comparison appendix</a>.</p><p>A network meta-analysis (NMA) with cost comparison was undertaken in WinBUGs software to compare the costs of different methods of administering TXA when considering the cost of a transfusion. The population was people indicated for primary elective joint replacement, it was assumed that all of these surgeries have a moderate risk of blood loss (500ml-1000ml), as agreed by the committee. The time horizon was initial inpatient stay.</p><p>The comparators selected for the model were:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Topical (Intra-articular) (IA) TXA, (monotherapy)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intra-venous (IV) TXA, (monotherapy)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Oral TXA, (monotherapy)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>IA and IV TXA, (combination therapy)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>IA and oral TXA, (combination therapy</div></li></ul>
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</p><p>The outcome selected for the model was:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion events</div></li></ul>
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</p><p>As agreed with the committee, placebo and no treatment were not included as comparators as it is established practice that administration of some form of TXA is clinically and cost-effective in comparison. Following a review of all of the studies included in the clinical review, 36 reported transfusion as an outcome with 2 or more relevant comparators. Four of these studies were 3- arm trials such that there were 44 pairwise comparisons in total. All of the included studies were for a hip or knee replacement population, No relevant studies were found for a shoulder replacement population.</p><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.3.1.1.1"><h5>Baseline model</h5><p>One study was chosen to inform the baseline model<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a>. The study was chosen as it was the only European study that was graded as having a low risk of bias. Therefore it was considered best to represent a UK population. As only one study was included in the baseline model there was no need to account for between study heterogeneity and therefore, the fixed effects baseline model was chosen.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.3.1.1.2"><h5>Main model</h5><p>For the main model both a random and fixed effects model was run. No meaningful difference was found in the sum of residual deviances or DIC between the two models. Therefore fixed effect model results were used as this is the simplest model available.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.3.1.1.3"><h5>Inconsistency</h5><p>To determine if there is evidence of inconsistency, the selected consistency model (fixed or random effects) was compared to an “inconsistency”, or unrelated mean effects, model.<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a> The posterior mean of the residual deviance, which measures the magnitude of the differences between the observed data and the model predictions of the data, was used to assess and compare the goodness of fit of each model.<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a> In addition to assessing how well the models fit the data using the posterior mean of the residual deviance, models were compared using the DIC.</p><p>Further checks for evidence of inconsistency were run through node-splitting. This method permits the direct and indirect evidence contributing to an estimate of a relative effect to be split and compared.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.3.1.1.4"><h5>Costs</h5><p>For the cost comparison costs were divided into the intervention costs and the cost of a transfusion. Intervention costs were calculated through an unweighted average intervention cost of each arm in the included studies. The cost for each arm of the included studies was calculated by extracting the dosage of TXA used, the saline volume used (if applicable) and disposables used (if applicable). Unit costs for TXA solution, TXA tablets, saline and syringes were then obtained from eMIT<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a> or NHS Supply Chain Catalogue 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref188"><sup>188</sup></a> and multiplied by the relevant resource use for each treatment in each included study.</p><p>The cost of a transfusion was calculated from Stokes 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref232"><sup>232</sup></a> and the NICE Blood Transfusion guideline.<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref185"><sup>185</sup></a> The standard volume of a unit of red blood cells (RBCs) was assumed as 280ml with a range of 220-340ml.</p><p>The total NHS cost for each administration method was given by the formula:
|
||
<div class="pmc_disp_formula whole_rhythm clearfix" id="niceng157er7.deq1"><div class="inline_block pmc_inline_block pmc_va_middle pmc_hide_overflow twelve_col">
|
||
<math id="niceng157er7.eq1" display="block"><mrow><mtext>P</mtext><mo>(</mo><mtext>transfusion.event</mtext><mo>)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mo>×</mo><mtext> </mtext><mo>(</mo><mtext>C</mtext><mo>(</mo><mtext>first.unit</mtext><mo>)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mo>+</mo><mtext> C</mtext><mo>(</mo><mtext>subs.unit</mtext><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mo>+</mo><mtext> C</mtext><mo>(</mo><mtext>intervention</mtext><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>
|
||
</div><div class="inline_block pmc_inline_block pmc_va_middle pmc_hide_overflow last bk_equ_label "><div><span class="nowrap"></span></div></div></div>
|
||
</p><p>Where the probability of a transfusion event occurring [P(transfusion.event)] is the output of the NMA. The cost of a transfusion event [C(first.unit) + C(subs.unit)] is the cost of transfusing an initial unit and 1 subsequent unit, and C(intervention) is the intervention cost. Results <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er7tab8" rid-ob="figobniceng157er7tab8">Table 8</a> shows the base case results, including the probability of a transfusion event occurring for the different administration methods and the NHS cost of each administration method when factoring in the probability of a transfusion occurring.</p></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.3.1.2"><h5>1.5.3.1.2. Results</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er7tab19" rid-ob="figobniceng157er7tab19">Table 19</a> summarises the fixed effects results of the conventional meta-analyses in terms of risk ratios generated from studies directly comparing different interventions, together with the results of the NMA in terms of risk ratios for every possible treatment comparison. <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng157er7tab20" rid-ob="figobniceng157er7tab20">Table 20</a> shows the base case absolute results, including the probability of a transfusion event occurring for the different administration methods and the NHS cost of each administration method when factoring in the probability of a transfusion occurring.</p><p>The inconsistency (FE) model showed no meaningful difference to the consistency model suggesting the consistency (FE) model fits the data well. The fixed effect node split models also found no evidence of inconsistency.</p><p>The results indicated that topical (intra-articular) in combination with oral had the lowest probability of a transfusion event and was also the cheapest. However, the committee were keen to note that the intervention was linked to the network by a single study that had a high risk of bias in the clinical review. Furthermore, use of oral tranexamic acid is off label and generally not part of current practice, use of topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid is also off label but is part of current practice. As both methods of administration are off label, the committee agreed they did not want to make a recommendation for topical (intra-articular) in combination with oral. Although as previously noted, topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid is off license; its use in combination with IV tranexamic acid is not uncommon in current practice. Given the clinical and economic evidence in favour of this combination, the committee decided to make an offer this combination.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.5.4"><h4>1.5.4. Unit costs</h4><p>Relevant unit costs are provided below to aid consideration of cost effectiveness.</p></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><p>One hundred and eight RCTs covering 13 comparisons were included in the evidence review.</p><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.1"><h5>Topical (intra-articular) versus no treatment (12 RCTs)</h5><p>A benefit was found for topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid in transfusion (n=1078, low quality), total blood loss (n=709, very low quality), surgical bleeding (n=355, very low quality) and postoperative bleeding (n=95, high quality). No difference was seen in terms of DVT (n=850, moderate quality), blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=906, very low quality), and length of stay (n=312, low quality). No outcomes favoured no treatment.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.2"><h5>Oral versus no treatment (1 RCT)</h5><p>A benefit was found for oral tranexamic acid in transfusion (189, very low quality), blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=189, moderate quality), and total blood loss (n=189, moderate quality). No difference was found in mortality (n=189, low quality), DVT (n=189, very low quality), or length of stay (n=189, moderate quality). No outcomes favoured no treatment.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.3"><h5>IV versus no treatment (16 RCTs)</h5><p>A benefit was found for IV tranexamic acid in transfusion (n=1324, very low quality), total blood loss (n=873, very low quality), and postoperative bleeding (n=96, high quality). No difference was found for mortality (n=100, very low quality), DVT (n=1135, moderate quality), blood loss through haemoglobin level (n=1038, low quality), surgical bleeding (n=356, very low quality), and length of stay (n=213, low quality). No outcomes favoured no treatment.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.4"><h5>Topical (intra-articular) versus placebo (23 RCTs)</h5><p>A benefit was found for topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid in transfusion (n=2589, high quality), transfusion (n=2589, high quality), blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=1853, very low quality), total blood loss (n=1617, low quality), and postoperative bleeding (n=394, moderate quality). No difference was seen in terms of mortality (n=60, very low quality), quality of life (n=190, very low quality), DVT (n=2428, very low quality), surgical bleeding (n=243, very low quality), or length of stay (n=1108, low quality). No outcomes favoured placebo.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.5"><h5>Oral versus placebo (3 RCTs)</h5><p>A benefit was found for oral tranexamic acid in transfusion (n=406, moderate quality), blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=406, low quality), total blood loss (n=126, moderate quality), and surgical bleeding (n=80, low quality). No difference was seen in terms of DVT (n=406, moderate quality) or length of stay (n=80, moderate quality). No outcomes favoured placebo.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.6"><h5>IV versus placebo (43 RCTs)</h5><p>A benefit was found for IV tranexamic acid in transfusion (n=3383, low quality) blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=2489, very low quality), total blood loss (n=2624, low quality), surgical bleeding (n=744, very low quality), and postoperative bleeding (n=762, very low quality). No difference was seen in terms of mortality (n=290, moderate quality), DVT (n=3356, moderate quality), acute coronary syndrome (n=230, moderate quality), or length of stay (n=1272, high quality). No outcomes favoured placebo.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.7"><h5>IV plus topical (intra-articular) versus placebo (4 RCTs)</h5><p>A benefit was found for IV tranexamic acid plus IA/topical tranexamic acid in transfusion (n=380, moderate quality) blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=380, moderate quality), total blood loss (n=380, low quality), surgical bleeding (n=100, moderate quality), and postoperative bleeding (n=200, moderate quality). No difference was seen in terms of DVT (n=380, moderate quality) or length of stay (n=200, moderate quality). No outcomes favoured placebo.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.8"><h5>Topical (intra-articular) versus IV (31 RCTs)</h5><p>None of the 11 outcomes indicated difference between treatment groups: mortality at 30 days (n=269, very low quality), quality of life (mental component score) (n=100, low quality), quality of life (physical component score) (n=100, low quality), transfusion (n=3978, high quality), DVT (n=3833, high quality), acute myocardial infarction (n=89, very low quality), blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=2558, low quality), total blood loss (n=2806, low quality), surgical bleeding (n=1172, very low quality), postoperative bleeding (n=272, low quality), and length of stay (n=1312, high quality).</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.9"><h5>Oral versus IV (8 RCTs)</h5><p>None of the 7 outcomes indicated difference between treatment groups: mortality (n=120, moderate quality), transfusion (n-862, very low quality), DVT (n=945, moderate quality), blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=945, moderate quality), total blood loss (n=665, moderate quality), surgical bleeding (n=200, moderate quality), and length of stay (n=437, moderate quality).</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.10"><h5>Topical (intra-articular) versus oral (5 RCTs)</h5><p>A benefit was found for oral tranexamic in the transfusion (n=787, very low quality) and no outcomes indicated a comparative benefit for topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid. The other 6 outcomes indicated no difference between treatment groups: mortality (n=384, moderate quality), DVT (n=784, moderate quality), blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=784, moderate quality), total blood loss (n=504, moderate quality), surgical bleeding (n=384, high quality), and length of stay (n=237, moderate quality).</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.11"><h5>IV plus topical (intra-articular) versus IV (8 RCTs)</h5><p>A benefit was found for IV tranexamic acid plus Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid in transfusion (n=791, moderate quality), blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=891, very low quality), total blood loss (n=691, very low quality), and postoperative bleeding (n=200, low quality). No difference was seen in terms of DVT (n=891, moderate quality) or length of stay (n=472, moderate quality). No outcomes favoured IV tranexamic acid alone.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.12"><h5>Topical (intra-articular) plus oral versus topical (intra-articular) (1 RCT)</h5><p>A benefit of topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid plus oral tranexamic acid was found in transfusion (n=100, very low quality), blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=100, low quality), total blood loss (n=100, low quality), and postoperative bleeding (n=100, low quality). No difference was found for DVT (n=100, very low quality). No outcomes favoured IV tranexamic acid alone.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.1.13"><h5>IV plus topical (intra-articular) versus topical (intra-articular) (4 RCTs)</h5><p>A benefit for IV tranexamic acid plus topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid was found in transfusion (n=320, moderate quality), blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (n=420, very low quality), and total blood loss (n=420, very low quality). No clinical difference was seen for quality of life (mental component score) (n=100, low quality), quality of life (physical component score) (n=100, low quality), DVT (n=420, low quality), or length of stay (n=140, very low quality). No outcomes favoured topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid alone.</p></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><p>One cost utility analysis found that placebo was not cost effective (£63,429 per QALY gained) compared to topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid for people undergoing total knee replacement. Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid was cost saving but was also less effective than placebo. This study was assessed as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</p><p>One cost utility analysis found that placebo was cost effective (£11,509 per QALY gained) compared to topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid. Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid was cost saving but was also less effective than placebo. The result should be treated with caution due to a much higher baseline quality of life reported for the intervention arm. This study was assessed as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</p><p>One comparative cost study found that intravenous tranexamic acid was cost saving (saves a minimum of £68 per person for hip and knee replacements) compared to no tranexamic acid. This study was assessed as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</p><p>An original network meta-analysis with cost comparison found that when factoring in the cost of a transfusion, using topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid with oral tranexamic acid was the most cost saving method of administration compared to using either: topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid with intravenous tranexamic acid; oral, intravenous, or topical (intra-articular) alone. Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid with intravenous tranexamic acid was found to be more cost saving than using oral, intravenous or topical (intra-articular) alone. The most cost saving method, topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid with oral tranexamic acid, was linked to the network by a single study that was graded as having a high risk of bias. This analysis was assessed as partially applicable with minor limitations.</p></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="niceng157er7.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="niceng157er7.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The critical outcomes chosen by the committee were mortality, adverse events, transfusion, quality of life and surgical bleeding. The important outcomes were postoperative anaemia, postoperative bleeding, and length of stay. The outcomes that represent blood loss are transfusion, surgical bleeding, postoperative anaemia, and postoperative bleeding. Surgical bleeding and postoperative bleeding were often reported within the same outcome, blood loss measured via change in haemoglobin and total blood loss. The adverse events associated with tranexamic acid use are postoperative thrombosis such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and acute myocardial infarction. Therefore the evidence review sought to assess the possible positives of tranexamic acid treatment in joint replacement surgery around reduction in blood loss and consequently reduction in transfusions, with the possible negative postoperative thrombosis outcomes.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The overall outcome quality ranged from high to very low. More outcomes were assessed as low or very low quality than moderate or high quality.</p><p>The outcome quality was often downgraded due to risk of bias because studies that did not state an adequate method of randomisation or gave an adequate description of allocation concealment. This could have led to results that favoured tranexamic acid treatment. There were many studies where participants and surgeons were not blinded to the treatment. This was often not considered a risk of bias where outcomes were assessed objectively.</p><p>Many outcomes were found to be inconsistent and also a smaller number showed imprecision in the meta-analysis results. This could be explained by the tranexamic acid treatments in the RCTs which were allocated to intervention groups based on route of administration rather than the specific joint being replaced, timing of administration, and dose. These aspects were investigated singly in subgroup analysis where heterogeneity was found. None were found alone to explain the heterogeneity but there could well have been more complex interactions between these factors that led to not only inconsistency but also imprecision.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>107 studies covering 13 comparisons were found.</p><p>All 3 routes of tranexamic acid administration were compared alone or in one case, in combination, to no treatment or placebo. These results consistently found a clinically important benefit of tranexamic acid in the blood loss and also in terms of the number of people requiring transfusions. In all cases there was no clinically important difference in DVT between the treatment groups.</p><p>The 3 routes of tranexamic acid administration were compared against each other singly. When topical (intra-articular) and oral were each compared to IV administration, all outcomes indicated no clinically important difference. Topical (intra-articular) versus oral administration found no clinically important difference for all outcomes except for transfusion which indicated 18 fewer people per thousand requiring a transfusion.</p><p>The last group of analyses compared multiple routes of administration of tranexamic acid to a single route of administration. IV combined with topical (intra-articular) versus IV alone found no clinical difference for 5 outcomes though the transfusion outcome indicated a benefit for combination treatment. IA/topical combined with oral versus IA/topical alone was reported by 1 RCT and this indicated a clinically important benefit of the combination treatment in terms of 4 blood loss outcomes and no difference in DVT. IV combined with IA/topical versus IA/topical alone found a benefit for combination treatment in blood loss via change in haemoglobin and in number of people transfused but no difference in total blood loss.</p><p>103 of the RCTs investigated knee or hip joint replacement and 4 RCTs investigated shoulder joint replacement. These 4 studies covered the IA/topical versus placebo and IV versus placebo comparisons. Thus the 11 other comparisons presented in the evidence review did not have include data from people having shoulder joint replacement. The 4 studies that included people having shoulder joint replacement indicated tranexamic acid was effective versus placebo but did not give an indication of its effectiveness when utilised across multiple routes.</p><p>Some benefits and no harms were found when multiple treatment routes were utilised versus single routes. The committee spoke about a reduction in transfusions found in all 3 comparisons to support combination treatment and thought this to be a compelling factor. In terms of the comparisons, all of the combination routes included IA/topical and the committee were mindful of this. The committee made a recommendation to offer IV in combination with IA/topical tranexamic acid in people having primary elective hip or knee joint replacement surgery.</p><p>For those having elective shoulder replacement the committee made a separate consider recommendation. While there is evidence showing a benefit of tranexamic acid in people having primary elective shoulder replacement there was no evidence for combination treatment. However the committee agreed to extrapolate the advantages of combination therapy found in the hip and knee replacement population to the shoulder replacement population. This decision was based on the basic similarities of each form of joint replacement surgery and despite shoulder replacement not yielding as high blood loss as hip or knee replacement surgery it is important to reduce blood loss where possible. The evidence did not show a reduction in transfusions for shoulder replacement and the committee noted that in their experience there are many fewer transfusions in shoulder replacement surgery. They agreed that reducing bleeding also reduces bruising and postoperative haematoma. There were no adverse events associated with this treatment in any of the evidence and no overt economic pressures given the use of tranexamic acid via a single route is standard care and so the committee agreed to include shoulder replacement surgery in the recommendation. With this in mind the committee agreed to make a consider recommendation.</p><p>The BNF states tranexamic acid is indicated for local fibrinolysis via oral or slow intravenous injection with dosage stated. It does not mention usage topically or give a dosage for this. The committee are satisfied it is a safe and effective treatment topically and in combination through the large evidence base and their own experience. The committee agree that topical (intra-articular) could be given after the final washout of the wound and before wound closure.</p><p>The committee noted the BNF indicates people with mild to moderate renal impairment require a reduced dose of IV tranexamic acid. The amount of dose reduction is according to serum creatinine level and is listed in the manufacturer’s summary of product characteristics (SPC). The absorption is uncertain via topical (intra-articular) usage and consequently, only IV is recommended for this sub-group. Tranexamic acid is contraindicated for people with severe renal impairment.</p></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>The studies in the economic review included 2 cost utility analyses and 1 cost comparison. The cost utility analyses only differed by site of joint replacement, otherwise they were from the same author and used the same methodology. Neither of these studies presented ICERs, these were calculated from the incremental costs and health related quality of life values presented in the papers. The results from the first cost utility analysis suggested that for people with total knee replacements (TKR) placebo was not cost effective (£63,428 per QALY gained) compared to topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid. The results from the second cost utility analysis suggested that for people with total hip replacements (THR) placebo was cost effective (£11,509 per QALY gained) compared to topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid. The interpretation of the ICER for these studies was the cost per QALY of the placebo (as opposed to the intervention) because tranexamic acid was cost saving but also gave less improved outcomes compared to placebo. Therefore the incremental values fall into the south-west quadrant on the cost effectiveness plane, which alters interpretation to the cost per QALY of the comparator compared to the intervention.</p><p>The results of the cost utility analyses should be treated with caution due to large differences in baseline quality of life (EQ-5D) between the study arms, despite being within-trial RCTs. For the study that concerned the THR population, the baseline EQ-5D for the placebo group was 0.205 whereas the value was 0.34 (a difference of 0.135) for the tranexamic acid group. The higher baseline value in the tranexamic acid group may have left less room for improvement in health related quality of life compared to the placebo group. Although it was not stated in the paper, it may be for this reason that the ICER was not presented in either paper.</p><p>The cost comparison study showed similar results to the 2 cost utility analyses, suggesting that using tranexamic acid over placebo or no tranexamic acid was cost saving. However, there were no studies that compared the cost of administering tranexamic acid by different methods. Additionally, all included studies only covered hip and knee replacements, there were no studies included which looked at the cost of tranexamic acid during shoulder surgery.</p><p>Current practice with tranexamic acid is varied, although for hip and knee replacements IV is often used in combination with topical (intra-articular). There was notion that oral is less favoured on the NHS. For shoulder replacements, use of topical (intra-articular) may be less common than for hip and knee replacements. Dosage use, and therefore costs are variable.</p><p>Given there was evidence presented for the clinical benefit of combination therapies and there was a lack of economic evidence for them, an original network meta-analysis with cost comparison was conducted. No studies with a primary elective shoulder replacement population were includable. In agreement with the committee, placebo and no treatment were excluded from the analysis given that using any form of tranexamic acid is established as current practice.</p><p>The results showed that average intervention costs were cheapest for oral and most expensive for IA and IV (oral, £0.27; IV, £2.25; IA and oral, £2.31; IA, £2.82; IA and IV, £5.34). The committee noted that the median dose used for combination therapy arms was generally greater than the dosage used for single therapies.</p><p>The results of the network meta-analysis for blood transfusions confirmed the committee’s thoughts that the combination therapies were associated with a lower probability of a transfusion event occurring. Allogeneic blood transfusions carry a significant cost; transfusing 2 units of blood has an overall cost of £351.30. Once the cost and probability of a transfusion was added onto the cost of each intervention, the combination therapies were the least costly interventions (IA, £31.13; IV, £28.63; oral, £24.70; IA and IV, £14.34; IA and oral, £7.76). A sensitivity analysis showed that the overall costs were most sensitive to the cost of a blood transfusion. However, running the cost comparison with 1 unit transfused per transfusion event (instead of 2 units in the base case analysis), still did not change the order of cost. The results were less sensitive to the mean intervention costs.</p><p>The results indicated that topical (intra-articular) in combination with oral had the lowest probability of a transfusion event and was also the cheapest. However, the committee were keen to note that the intervention was linked to the network by a single study that had a high risk of bias in the clinical review. Furthermore, use of oral tranexamic acid is off label and generally not part of current practice, use of topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid is also off label but it is part of current practice. As both methods of administration are off licence, the committee agreed they did not want to make a recommendation for topical (intra-articular) in combination with oral. Although as previously noted, topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid is off license; its use in combination with IV tranexamic acid is not uncommon in current practice. Given the clinical and economic evidence in favour of this combination, the committee decided to make an offer for IV in combination with topical (intra-articular). There was discussion about the higher median dosage used in the topical (intra-articular) with intravenous method that was recommended. The median dosage for each tranexamic acid administration method in the network was:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>2.00 grams for topical (intra-articular)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>1.54 grams for intravenous</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>3.07 grams for oral</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>3.02 grams for topical (intra-articular) and intravenous</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>3.50 grams for topical (intra-articular) and oral</div></li></ul>
|
||
</p><p>Although there was suggestion that this could have been a contributing factor to the results, the committee still felt the evidence was strong enough to offer topical (intra-articular) in combination with IV. The median dosage was considered over the mean as the mean was skewed towards higher values. The committee discussed the total dosage they use in current practice, which varied between 2-3g when combining IV and topical (intra-articular). The median dosage of topical (intra-articular) in combination with IV study arms included in the network roughly equated to the upper end of dosage discussed by the committee. Therefore the committee agreed that dosage should not exceed 3g in total. It was noted that the dosage of topical (intra-articular) used in the combination arms was generally between 1-2g.</p><p>The NMA and cost comparison analysis is directly applicable to hip and knee replacements as the clinical data concerned only these populations. Although no evidence was available for tranexamic acid use for shoulder replacements, the committee agreed that the analysis could support a weaker ‘consider’ recommendation for the shoulder population. This was done on the basis that although blood loss may be slightly less for shoulder replacements, there is still benefit in reducing bleeding. The recommendation is likely to lead to an increase in topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid use in shoulder replacements. Overall, it is expected that the recommendation will be cost saving for shoulder replacements (although the savings will be relatively less than for hip and knee replacements). This is because avoided transfusions drive cost savings and shoulder replacements generally require less transfusions than knee/hip replacements.</p></div><div id="niceng157er7.s1.7.3"><h4>1.7.3. Other considerations</h4><p>The committee discussed any potential interaction between the use of tranexamic acid and venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. They agreed there is no evidence that intra-perative tranexamic acid increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis. Tranexamic acid is only offered during the surgical period and the effects of this will have worn off by the time pharmacological VTE prophylaxis is started postoperatively. The committee are also aware that if VTE prophylaxis is given preoperatively it is stopped ahead of surgery. Therefore, the committee concluded there is unlikely to be a risk of harm with both tranexamic acid and VTE pharmacological prophylaxis being used.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.rl.r1"><h2 id="_niceng157er7_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref1">Abdel
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J. Combined application versus topical and intravenous application of tranexamic acid following primary total hip arthroplasty: A meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2017; 18:90 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5320770/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5320770</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28222709" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28222709</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>300.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref300">Zhang
|
||
XQ, Ni
|
||
J, Ge
|
||
WH. Combined use of intravenous and topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid in primary total joint arthroplasty: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Surgery. 2017; 38:15–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27913237" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27913237</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>301.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref301">Zhang
|
||
Y, Fu
|
||
X, Liu
|
||
WX, Li
|
||
YM, Ma
|
||
XL, Li
|
||
ZJ. Safety and efficacy of intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2014; 37(9):e775–82 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25350619" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25350619</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>302.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref302">Zhang
|
||
Y, Zhang
|
||
L, Ma
|
||
X, Jia
|
||
Y, Wang
|
||
H, Zhu
|
||
Y
|
||
et al. What is the optimal approach for tranexamic acid application in patients with unilateral total hip arthroplasty?
|
||
Orthopade. 2016; 45(7):616–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27142970" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27142970</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>303.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref303">Zhang
|
||
YM, Yang
|
||
B, Sun
|
||
XD, Zhang
|
||
Z. Combined intravenous and intra-articular tranexamic acid administration in total knee arthroplasty for preventing blood loss and hyperfibrinolysis: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine. 2019; 98(7):e14458 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6408055/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6408055</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30762760" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30762760</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>304.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref304">Zhao-Yu
|
||
C, Yan
|
||
G, Wei
|
||
C, Yuejv
|
||
L, Ying-Ze
|
||
Z. Reduced blood loss after intra-articular tranexamic acid injection during total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis of the literature. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2014; 22(12):3181–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24352523" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24352523</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>305.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref305">Zhao
|
||
H, Xiang
|
||
M, Xia
|
||
Y, Shi
|
||
X, Pei
|
||
FX, Kang
|
||
P. Efficacy of oral tranexamic acid on blood loss in primary total hip arthroplasty using a direct anterior approach: A prospective randomized controlled trial. International Orthopaedics. 2018; 42(11):2535–2542 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29492612" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29492612</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>306.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref306">Zhao
|
||
QB, Ren
|
||
JD, Zhang
|
||
XG, Wu
|
||
H-Z, Wu
|
||
L. Comparison of perioperative blood loss and transfusion rate in primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty by topical, intravenous application or combined application of tranexamic acid. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. 2016; 20(4):459–464</div></dd><dt>307.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref307">Zhou
|
||
KD, Wang
|
||
HY, Wang
|
||
Y, Liu
|
||
ZH, He
|
||
C, Feng
|
||
JM. Is topical or intravenous tranexamic acid preferred in total hip arthroplasty? A randomized, controlled, noninferiority clinical trial. PloS One. 2018; 13(10):e0204551 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6168126/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6168126</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30278067" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30278067</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>308.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref308">Zhou
|
||
XD, Tao
|
||
LJ, Li
|
||
J, Wu
|
||
LD. Do we really need tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty? A meta-analysis of nineteen randomized controlled trials. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 2013; 133(7):1017–27 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23615973" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23615973</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>309.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref309">Zhu
|
||
J, Zhu
|
||
Y, Lei
|
||
P, Zeng
|
||
M, Su
|
||
W, Hu
|
||
Y. Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in total hip replacement: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of 25 randomized controlled trials. Medicine. 2017; 96(52):e9552 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6393088/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6393088</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29384974" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29384974</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>310.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng157er7.ref310">Zohar
|
||
E, Ellis
|
||
M, Ifrach
|
||
N, Stern
|
||
A, Sapir
|
||
O, Fredman
|
||
B. The postoperative blood-sparing efficacy of oral versus intravenous tranexamic acid after total knee replacement. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2004; 99(6):1679–83, table of contents [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15562053" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15562053</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng157er7.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="niceng157er7.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 23. Review protocol: tranexamic acid</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 216K)</span></p><div id="niceng157er7.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Objectives</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Search criteria</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the clinical review protocol above.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant health economic study design (cost–utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost–consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of health economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Search strategy</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a health economic study filter – see <a href="#niceng157er7.appb">appendix B</a> below.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Review strategy</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2003, abstract-only studies and studies from low or middle-income countries (e.g. most non-OECD countries) or the USA will also be excluded.</p>
|
||
<p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in appendix H of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref186"><sup>186</sup></a></p>
|
||
<p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’ then it will be included in the guideline. A health economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then a health economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Where there is discretion</b></p>
|
||
<p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include health economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to selectively exclude the remaining studies. All studies excluded on the basis of applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation in the excluded health economic studies appendix below.</p>
|
||
<p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p>
|
||
<p><i>Setting:</i>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
|
||
<i>Health economic study type:</i>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost–utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost–benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–consequences analysis).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
|
||
<i>Year of analysis:</i>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2003 or later but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly from before 2003 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2003 will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
|
||
<i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis:</i>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis match with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline.</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref186"><sup>186</sup></a></p><p><i>For more detailed information, please see the</i>
|
||
<a href="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7_bm1.pdf">Methodology Review</a>.</p><div id="niceng157er7.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the searches where appropriate.</p><div id="niceng157er7.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 01 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
||
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
||
<p>Observational studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 01 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
||
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Cochrane Reviews to 2019 Issue 5 of 12</p>
|
||
<p>CENTRAL to 2019 Issue 5 of 12</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">arthroplasty/ or arthroplasty, replacement/ or arthroplasty, replacement, hip/ or arthroplasty, replacement, knee/ or arthroplasty, replacement, shoulder/ or hemiarthroplasty/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">joint prosthesis/ or hip prosthesis/ or knee prosthesis/ or shoulder prosthesis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) adj5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/5-12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 not 14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/15-21</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 not 22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 23 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tranexamic Acid/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tranexamic or txa or cyklokapron).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25-26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/29-35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/37-46</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cohort studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Controlled Before-After Studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Historically Controlled Study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted Time Series Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/48-57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/59-60</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58 or 61</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/63-64</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58 or 65</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58 or 61 or 65</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 and (36 or 47 or 67)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*arthroplasty/ or *replacement arthroplasty/ or *hip replacement/ or *knee replacement/ or *shoulder replacement/ or *hemiarthroplasty/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*joint prosthesis/ or *hip prosthesis/ or *knee prosthesis/ or *shoulder prosthesis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) adj5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/5-9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 11</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 21 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">tranexamic acid/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tranexamic or txa or cyklokapron).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1197-18-8.rn.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/23-25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 and 26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/28-36</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/38-47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">follow-up/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 and 57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/49-55,58-62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/64-65</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63 or 66</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cross-sectional study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/68-69</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63 or 70</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63 or 66 or 70</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 and (37 or 48 or 72)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Arthroplasty] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Arthroplasty, Replacement] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Hemiarthroplasty] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #1-#6)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Joint Prosthesis] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Hip Prosthesis] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Knee Prosthesis] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Shoulder Prosthesis] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #8-#11)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) near/5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #7, #12-#13)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Tranexamic Acid] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tranexamic or txa or cyklokapron):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15 OR #16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14 AND #17</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to the joint replacement population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional health economics searches were run in Medline and Embase.</p><div id="niceng157er7.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 01 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 01 May 2019</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>HTA - Inception – 01 May 2019</p>
|
||
<p>NHSEED - Inception to March 2015</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">arthroplasty/ or arthroplasty, replacement/ or arthroplasty, replacement, hip/ or arthroplasty, replacement, knee/ or arthroplasty, replacement, shoulder/ or hemiarthroplasty/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">joint prosthesis/ or hip prosthesis/ or knee prosthesis/ or shoulder prosthesis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) adj5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/5-12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 not 14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/15-21</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 not 22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 23 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25-40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 41</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*arthroplasty/ or *replacement arthroplasty/ or *hip replacement/ or *knee replacement/ or *shoulder replacement/ or *hemiarthroplasty/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*joint prosthesis/ or *hip prosthesis/ or *knee prosthesis/ or *shoulder prosthesis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) adj5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/5-9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 not 11</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 21 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/23-35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 and 36</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR arthroplasty</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR arthroplasty, replacement</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR arthroplasty, replacement, hip</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR arthroplasty, replacement, knee</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR arthroplasty, replacement, shoulder</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR hemiarthroplasty</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR joint prosthesis</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR hip prosthesis</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR knee prosthesis</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR shoulder prosthesis</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((joint* or knee* or shoulder* or hip*) adj5 (surger* or replace* or prosthe* or endoprosthe* or implant* or artificial or arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11) IN NHSEED</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11) IN HTA</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><div id="niceng157er7.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20tranexamic%20acid.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of tranexamic acid." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of tranexamic acid</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng157er7.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (3.2M)</span></p></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s1"><h4>E.1. IA/topical versus no treatment</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Surgical%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Surgical bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Surgical bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Postoperative%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Postoperative bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Postoperative bleeding</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s2"><h4>E.2. Oral versus no treatment</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Mortality.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Mortality." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Mortality</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2014.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef12.jpg" alt="Figure 14. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 14</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2015.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef13.jpg" alt="Figure 15. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 15</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s3"><h4>E.3. IV versus no treatment</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2016.%20Mortality.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef14.jpg" alt="Figure 16. Mortality." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 16</span><span class="title">Mortality</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2017.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef15.jpg" alt="Figure 17. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 17</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2018.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef16.jpg" alt="Figure 18. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 18</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2019.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef17.jpg" alt="Figure 19. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 19</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2020.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef18.jpg" alt="Figure 20. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 20</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig19" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2021.%20Surgical%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef19.jpg" alt="Figure 21. Surgical bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 21</span><span class="title">Surgical bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig20" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2022.%20Postoperative%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef20.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef20.jpg" alt="Figure 22. Postoperative bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 22</span><span class="title">Postoperative bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig21" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2023.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef21.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef21.jpg" alt="Figure 23. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 23</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s4"><h4>E.4. IA/topical versus placebo</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig22" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2024.%20Mortality.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef22.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef22.jpg" alt="Figure 24. Mortality." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 24</span><span class="title">Mortality</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig23" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2025.%20Quality%20of%20life.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef23.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef23.jpg" alt="Figure 25. Quality of life." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 25</span><span class="title">Quality of life</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig24" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2026.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef24.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef24.jpg" alt="Figure 26. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 26</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig25" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2027.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef25.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef25.jpg" alt="Figure 27. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 27</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig26" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2028.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef26.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef26.jpg" alt="Figure 28. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 28</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig27" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2029.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef27.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef27.jpg" alt="Figure 29. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 29</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig28" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2030.%20Surgical%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef28.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef28.jpg" alt="Figure 30. Surgical bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 30</span><span class="title">Surgical bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig29" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2031.%20Postoperative%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef29.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef29.jpg" alt="Figure 31. Postoperative bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 31</span><span class="title">Postoperative bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig30" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2032.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef30.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef30.jpg" alt="Figure 32. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 32</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s5"><h4>E.5. IV versus placebo</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig31" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2033.%20Mortality.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef31.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef31.jpg" alt="Figure 33. Mortality." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 33</span><span class="title">Mortality</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig32" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2034.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef32.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef32.jpg" alt="Figure 34. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 34</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig33" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2035.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef33.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef33.jpg" alt="Figure 35. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 35</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig34" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2036.%20Acute%20coronary%20syndrome.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef34.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef34.jpg" alt="Figure 36. Acute coronary syndrome." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 36</span><span class="title">Acute coronary syndrome</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig35" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2037.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef35.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef35.jpg" alt="Figure 37. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 37</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig36" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2038.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef36.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef36.jpg" alt="Figure 38. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 38</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig37" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2039.%20Surgical%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef37.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef37.jpg" alt="Figure 39. Surgical bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 39</span><span class="title">Surgical bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig38" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2040.%20Postoperative%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef38.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef38.jpg" alt="Figure 40. Postoperative bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 40</span><span class="title">Postoperative bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig39" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2041.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef39.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef39.jpg" alt="Figure 41. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 41</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s6"><h4>E.6. Oral versus placebo</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig40" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2042.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef40.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef40.jpg" alt="Figure 42. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 42</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig41" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2043.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef41.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef41.jpg" alt="Figure 43. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 43</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig42" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2044.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef42.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef42.jpg" alt="Figure 44. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 44</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig43" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2045.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef43.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef43.jpg" alt="Figure 45. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 45</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig44" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2046.%20Surgical%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef44.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef44.jpg" alt="Figure 46. Surgical bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 46</span><span class="title">Surgical bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig45" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2047.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef45.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef45.jpg" alt="Figure 47. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 47</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s7"><h4>E.7. IV plus IA/topical versus placebo</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig46" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2048.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef46.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef46.jpg" alt="Figure 48. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 48</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig47" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2049.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef47.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef47.jpg" alt="Figure 49. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 49</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig48" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2050.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef48.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef48.jpg" alt="Figure 50. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 50</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig49" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2051.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef49.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef49.jpg" alt="Figure 51. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 51</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig50" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2052.%20Surgical%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef50.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef50.jpg" alt="Figure 52. Surgical bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 52</span><span class="title">Surgical bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig51" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2053.%20Postoperative%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef51.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef51.jpg" alt="Figure 53. Postoperative bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 53</span><span class="title">Postoperative bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig52" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2054.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef52.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef52.jpg" alt="Figure 54. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 54</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s8"><h4>E.8. IA/topical versus IV</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig53" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2055.%20Mortality.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef53.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef53.jpg" alt="Figure 55. Mortality." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 55</span><span class="title">Mortality</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig54" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2056.%20Quality%20of%20life%3A%20SF-36%20MCS.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef54.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef54.jpg" alt="Figure 56. Quality of life: SF-36 MCS." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 56</span><span class="title">Quality of life: SF-36 MCS</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig55" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2057.%20Quality%20of%20life%3A%20SF-36%20PCS.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef55.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef55.jpg" alt="Figure 57. Quality of life: SF-36 PCS." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 57</span><span class="title">Quality of life: SF-36 PCS</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig56" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2058.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef56.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef56.jpg" alt="Figure 58. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 58</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig57" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2059.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef57.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef57.jpg" alt="Figure 59. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 59</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig58" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2060.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20acute%20myocardial%20infarction.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef58.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef58.jpg" alt="Figure 60. Adverse events: acute myocardial infarction." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 60</span><span class="title">Adverse events: acute myocardial infarction</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig59" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2061.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef59.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef59.jpg" alt="Figure 61. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 61</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig60" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2062.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef60.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef60.jpg" alt="Figure 62. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 62</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig61" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2063.%20Surgical%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef61.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef61.jpg" alt="Figure 63. Surgical bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 63</span><span class="title">Surgical bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig62" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2064.%20Postoperative%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef62.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef62.jpg" alt="Figure 64. Postoperative bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 64</span><span class="title">Postoperative bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig63" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2065.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef63.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef63.jpg" alt="Figure 65. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 65</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s9"><h4>E.9. Oral versus IV</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig64" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2066.%20Mortality.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef64.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef64.jpg" alt="Figure 66. Mortality." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 66</span><span class="title">Mortality</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig65" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2067.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef65.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef65.jpg" alt="Figure 67. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 67</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig66" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2068.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef66.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef66.jpg" alt="Figure 68. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 68</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig67" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2069.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef67.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef67.jpg" alt="Figure 69. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 69</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig68" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2070.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef68.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef68.jpg" alt="Figure 70. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 70</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig69" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2071.%20Surgical%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef69.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef69.jpg" alt="Figure 71. Surgical bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 71</span><span class="title">Surgical bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig70" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2072.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef70.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef70.jpg" alt="Figure 72. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 72</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s10"><h4>E.10. IA/topical versus oral</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig71" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2073.%20Mortality.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef71.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef71.jpg" alt="Figure 73. Mortality." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 73</span><span class="title">Mortality</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig72" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2074.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef72.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef72.jpg" alt="Figure 74. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 74</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig73" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2075.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef73.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef73.jpg" alt="Figure 75. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 75</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig74" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2076.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef74.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef74.jpg" alt="Figure 76. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 76</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig75" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2077.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef75.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef75.jpg" alt="Figure 77. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 77</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig76" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2078.%20Surgical%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef76.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef76.jpg" alt="Figure 78. Surgical bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 78</span><span class="title">Surgical bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig77" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2079.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef77.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef77.jpg" alt="Figure 79. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 79</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s11"><h4>E.11. IV plus IA/topical versus IV</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig78" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2080.%20Quality%20of%20life%3A%20SF-36%20MCS.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef78.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef78.jpg" alt="Figure 80. Quality of life: SF-36 MCS." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 80</span><span class="title">Quality of life: SF-36 MCS</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig79" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2081.%20Quality%20of%20life%3A%20SF-36%20PCS.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef79.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef79.jpg" alt="Figure 81. Quality of life: SF-36 PCS." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 81</span><span class="title">Quality of life: SF-36 PCS</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig80" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2082.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef80.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef80.jpg" alt="Figure 82. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 82</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig81" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2083.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef81.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef81.jpg" alt="Figure 83. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 83</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig82" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2084.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef82.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef82.jpg" alt="Figure 84. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 84</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig83" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2085.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef83.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef83.jpg" alt="Figure 85. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 85</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig84" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2086.%20Postoperative%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef84.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef84.jpg" alt="Figure 86. Postoperative bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 86</span><span class="title">Postoperative bleeding</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig85" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2087.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef85.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef85.jpg" alt="Figure 87. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 87</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s12"><h4>E.12. IA/topical plus oral versus IA/topical</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig86" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2088.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef86.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef86.jpg" alt="Figure 88. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 88</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig87" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2089.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef87.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef87.jpg" alt="Figure 89. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 89</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig88" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2090.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef88.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef88.jpg" alt="Figure 90. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 90</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig89" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2091.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef89.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef89.jpg" alt="Figure 91. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 91</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig90" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2092.%20Postoperative%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef90.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef90.jpg" alt="Figure 92. Postoperative bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 92</span><span class="title">Postoperative bleeding</span></h3></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.s13"><h4>E.13. IV plus IA/topical versus IA/topical</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig91" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2093.%20Quality%20of%20life%3A%20SF-36%20MCS.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef91.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef91.jpg" alt="Figure 93. Quality of life: SF-36 MCS." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 93</span><span class="title">Quality of life: SF-36 MCS</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig92" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2094.%20Quality%20of%20life%3A%20SF-36%20PCS.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef92.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef92.jpg" alt="Figure 94. Quality of life: SF-36 PCS." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 94</span><span class="title">Quality of life: SF-36 PCS</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig93" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2095.%20Transfusion.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef93.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef93.jpg" alt="Figure 95. Transfusion." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 95</span><span class="title">Transfusion</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig94" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2096.%20Adverse%20events%3A%20DVT.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef94.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef94.jpg" alt="Figure 96. Adverse events: DVT." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 96</span><span class="title">Adverse events: DVT</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig95" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2097.%20Blood%20loss%20via%20haemoglobin%20level%20after%20surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef95.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef95.jpg" alt="Figure 97. Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 97</span><span class="title">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig96" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2098.%20Total%20blood%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef96.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef96.jpg" alt="Figure 98. Total blood loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 98</span><span class="title">Total blood loss</span></h3></div><div id="niceng157er7.appe.fig97" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2099.%20Length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appef97.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appef97.jpg" alt="Figure 99. Length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 99</span><span class="title">Length of stay</span></h3></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IA/topical versus no treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No treatment</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up ranged from while admitted in hospital to 2 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>88/539</p>
|
||
<p>(16.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>195/539</p>
|
||
<p>(36.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.46 (0.37 to 0.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">195 fewer per 1000 (from 159 fewer to 228 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up ranged from in hospital period to 1 year after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/394</p>
|
||
<p>(0.25%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/396</p>
|
||
<p>(0.76%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8 fewer per 1000 (from 8 more to 8 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up ranges from 12 hours to 5 days after surgery; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">453</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">453</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.43 higher (0.11 lower to 0.97 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up ranges from 1 to 5 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">352</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">357</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.5 lower (2.3 to 0.71 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">177</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">178</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.65 lower (1.51 lower to 0.2 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding (follow-up 24 hours after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 337.96 lower (435.16 to 240.76 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
||
<p>HIGH</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">156</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">156</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.06 lower (0.28 lower to 0.17 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference used to analyse data due to very low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference utilised to calculate absolute effect</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab1_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab1_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Oral versus no treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Oral tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No treatment</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days (follow-up 30 days after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/94</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/95</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 20 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up unclear)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/94</p>
|
||
<p>(1.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/95</p>
|
||
<p>(3.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.34 (0.04 to 3.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21 fewer per 1000 (from 30 fewer to 69 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up within 7 days of surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/94</p>
|
||
<p>(1.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/95</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 7.47 (0.15 to 376.39)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up unclear; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.8 higher (0.56 to 1.04 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up unclear; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 228 lower (293.22 to 162.78 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 higher (0.46 lower to 0.66 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded one increment for imprecision as it is a small study with no events.</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">Analysis via risk difference due to low event rate</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab2_4"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab2_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 29</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IV versus no treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IV tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No treatment</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days (follow-up within 90 days of surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/50</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/50</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 40 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up ranged from in-hospital period to 90 days after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>74/699</p>
|
||
<p>(10.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>192/625</p>
|
||
<p>(30.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">140 fewer per 1000 (from 210 fewer to 80 fewer)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up ranged from 2 days to 1 year after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>13/571</p>
|
||
<p>(2.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>7/504</p>
|
||
<p>(1.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 20 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up ranges from 1 to 5 days after surgery; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_7">7</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">526</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">512</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.53 higher (0.38 to 0.67 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up either unclear or 3 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">437</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">436</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.33 lower (2.1 to 0.56 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_7">7</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">178</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">178</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.88 lower (2.62 lower to 0.86 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding (follow-up 24 hours after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 393.16 lower (483.74 to 302.58 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
||
<p>HIGH</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">156</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">156</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.03 lower (0.24 lower to 0.19 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Considered indirect due to the study follow-up period extending beyond 30 days</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Study considered imprecise because it is small and there were no events in either treatment group</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab3_4"><p class="no_margin">Results analysed using risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab3_5"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference utilised to calculate absolute effect</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab3_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab3_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 30</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IA/topical versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days (follow-up 15 days after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/30</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/30</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 60 fewer to 60 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life within 6 weeks (follow-up 3 months after surgery; measured with: EuroQol Index (EQ-5D); Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.06 lower (0.14 lower to 0.03 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up ranged from 3 days to 3 months of surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>92/1347</p>
|
||
<p>(6.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>245/1242</p>
|
||
<p>(19.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.36 (0.29 to 0.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">126 fewer per 1000 (from 108 fewer to 140 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
||
<p>HIGH</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up ranged from 5 days to 3 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20/1228</p>
|
||
<p>(1.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>23/1200</p>
|
||
<p>(1.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 10 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up ranges from 24 hours to 5 days after surgery; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_7">7</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">923</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">930</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.04 higher (0.8 to 1.29 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up ranges from 1 to 5 days after surgery or until hospital discharge; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_7">7</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">874</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">743</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.94 lower (1.16 to 0.72 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_7">7</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.25 lower (0.93 lower to 0.44 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding (follow-up ranges from 36 hours to 4 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_7">7</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">197</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">197</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.94 lower (1.35 to 0.53 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab4_7">7</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">554</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">554</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.01 lower (0.2 lower to 0.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Study considered imprecise because it is small and there were no events in either treatment group</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Results analysed using risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab4_4"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference used to calculate absolute effect</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab4_5"><p class="no_margin">Considered indirect evidence as the outcome was outside of the specified timepoint</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab4_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab4_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 31</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IV versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IV tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days (follow-up either during hospital stay or within 15 days of surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/184</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/106</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 30 fewer to 30 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up ranged from 24 hours to 6 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>253/1819</p>
|
||
<p>(13.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>537/1564</p>
|
||
<p>(34.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.39 (0.32 to 0.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">209 fewer per 1000 (from 175 fewer to 233 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up ranged from in hospital period to 6 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>28/1777</p>
|
||
<p>(1.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>26/1579</p>
|
||
<p>(1.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 10 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute coronary syndrome (follow-up during hospital stay)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/154</p>
|
||
<p>(0.65%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/76</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0.04)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up ranges from 1 day after surgery to discharge from hospital; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_7">7</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1321</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1168</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.64 higher (0.49 to 0.78 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up ranges from 1 to 6 days after surgery or until hospital discharge; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1419</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1205</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.84 lower (1 to 0.68 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_7">7</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">389</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">355</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.61 lower (0.97 to 0.25 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding (follow-up ranges from 48 hours of surgery to in-hospital period; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab5_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">386</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">376</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.38 lower (1.87 to 0.89 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">684</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">588</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.09 lower (0.18 to 0.01 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
||
<p>HIGH</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Outcome considered imprecise due to low event rate</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Analysis by risk difference due to low events rate</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab5_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab5_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab5_6"><p class="no_margin">No explanation was provided</p></div></dd><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab5_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 32</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Oral versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Oral tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up ranged from in hospital period to 3 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>17/206</p>
|
||
<p>(8.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>45/200</p>
|
||
<p>(22.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.38 (0.23 to 0.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">139 fewer per 1000 (from 81 fewer to 173 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 3 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/206</p>
|
||
<p>(0.49%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/200</p>
|
||
<p>(1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab6_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 30 fewer to 20 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab6_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">center</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up ranges from 1 to 3 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab6_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">206</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">200</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.47 higher (0.37 to 0.57 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up 3 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.13 lower (1.51 to 0.75 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab6_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 21.5 lower (34.91 to 8.09 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 lower (0.69 to 0.49 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Analysed using risk difference due to low events rates</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab6_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 33</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IV plus IA/topical versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IV+IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up while admitted in hospital)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/190</p>
|
||
<p>(1.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>49/190</p>
|
||
<p>(25.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.08 (0.03 to 0.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">237 fewer per 1000 (from 201 fewer to 250 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 6 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/190</p>
|
||
<p>(1.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/190</p>
|
||
<p>(0.53%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab7_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab7_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up 3 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">190</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">190</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.45 higher (1.19 to 1.7 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up 3 days after surgery or in-hospital period; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab7_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">190</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">190</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 294.44 lower (405.92 to 182.97 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 94.4 lower (132.77 to 56.03 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding (follow-up 3 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.92 lower (1.21 to 0.63 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.33 lower (0.76 lower to 0.1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">Analysed via risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab7_3"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab7_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 34</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IA/topical versus IV</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IV tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days (follow-up ranged from 15 to 30 days after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/137</p>
|
||
<p>(0.73%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/132</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks (follow-up unclear; measured with: SF-36; range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.5 lower (6.87 lower to 1.87 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks (follow-up unclear; measured with: SF-36; range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.26 lower (6.18 lower to 1.66 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up ranged from in hospital period to 3 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>147/2051</p>
|
||
<p>(7.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>123/1927</p>
|
||
<p>(6.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 20 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
||
<p>HIGH</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up ranged from within 96 hours of surgery to 1 year after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>18/1897</p>
|
||
<p>(0.95%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>26/1876</p>
|
||
<p>(1.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 0 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
||
<p>HIGH</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction (follow-up unclear)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/47</p>
|
||
<p>(2.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/42</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 6.64 (0.13 to 336.89)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up ranges from 12 hours to 5 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1302</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1256</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.03 higher (0.09 lower to 0.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up ranges from 1 to 5 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1386</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1420</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.12 lower (0.27 lower to 0.04 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">585</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">587</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.1 higher (0.73 lower to 0.92 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding (follow-up ranges from 24 to 96 hours after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab8_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">135</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">137</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.09 higher (0.33 lower to 0.5 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">652</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">660</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.04 higher (0.05 lower to 0.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
||
<p>HIGH</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Outcome considered imprecise because of the small number of participants and a single event</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">Results analysed using risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab8_4"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab8_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab8_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 35</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Oral versus IV</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Oral tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IV tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days (follow-up 30 days after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/60</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/60</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 30 fewer to 30 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up ranged from in hospital period to 1 month after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>26/428</p>
|
||
<p>(6.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>28/434</p>
|
||
<p>(6.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.94 (0.56 to 1.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4 fewer per 1000 (from 28 fewer to 36 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up ranged from 30 days to 3 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/468</p>
|
||
<p>(0.21%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/477</p>
|
||
<p>(1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 10 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up ranges from 1 day after surgery to hospital discharge; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">468</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">477</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.01 higher (0.07 lower to 0.09 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up ranges from 1 to 3 days after surgery or until hospital discharge; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">328</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">337</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.0 higher (0.16 lower to 0.15 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.46 higher (6.43 lower to 7.34 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab9_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">214</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">223</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.02 lower (0.17 lower to 0.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Results considered imprecise due to zero events in both intervention groups</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">Analysis using risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab9_3"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculate through risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab9_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab9_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 36</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IA/topical versus oral</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Oral tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days (follow-up 30 days after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/192</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/192</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 20 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up ranged from in hospital period to 2 weeks after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>32/393</p>
|
||
<p>(8.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>25/394</p>
|
||
<p>(6.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.28 (0.78 to 2.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18 more per 1000 (from 14 fewer to 70 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 3 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/391</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/393</p>
|
||
<p>(0.51%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 10 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up ranges from 2 days after surgery until hospital discharge; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">391</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">393</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.04 lower (0.13 lower to 0.05 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up ranges from 3 days after surgery or until hospital discharge; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">251</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">253</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.15 higher (0.02 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">193</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">191</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.06 higher (0.15 lower to 0.26 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
||
<p>HIGH</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab10_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.07 higher (0.16 lower to 0.29 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Outcome considered very imprecise because of the small number of participants and zero events</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">Analysis via risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab10_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab10_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab10_6"><p class="no_margin">Outcome considered imprecise because of the small number of participants and two events</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 37</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IV plus IA/topical versus IV</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IV+IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IV tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks (follow-up unclear; measured with: SF-36; range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.32 lower (5.86 lower to 3.22 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks (follow-up unclear; measured with: SF-36; range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.22 lower (5.27 lower to 2.83 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up ranged from while admitted in hospital to 6 weeks after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>7/393</p>
|
||
<p>(1.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>24/398</p>
|
||
<p>(6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 0.32 (0.16 to 0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">41 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 51 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up ranged from in hospital period to 6 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>16/443</p>
|
||
<p>(3.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>16/448</p>
|
||
<p>(3.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 30 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up ranges from 3 to 5 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">444</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">447</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.39 lower (0.69 to 0.09 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up ranges from 3 to 5 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">343</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">348</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.76 lower (1.33 to 0.19 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding (follow-up ranges from within 3 days of surgery to during in hospital period; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.18 lower (0.46 lower to 0.1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">234</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">238</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.19 lower (0.38 to 0.01 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">Data analysed using risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab11_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 38</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IA/topical plus oral versus IA/topical</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IA/topical+oral tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up within 3 days of surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/50</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/50</p>
|
||
<p>(6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.13 (0.01 to 1.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">52 fewer per 1000 (from 59 fewer to 16 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up 1 year after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/50</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/50</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 40 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up 3 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.9 higher (0.37 to 1.43 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up 3 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 103 lower (169.02 to 36.98 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding (follow-up 3 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 47 lower (67.16 to 26.84 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">Outcome considered imprecise because of the small number of participants and zero events</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab12_4"><p class="no_margin">Analysed via risk difference due to low event rate</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab12_5"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 39</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IV plus IA/topical versus IA/topical</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appf.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IV+IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks (follow-up unclear; measured with: SF-36; range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.18 higher (2.84 lower to 5.2 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks (follow-up unclear; measured with: SF-36; range of scores: 0-100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.04 higher (2.57 lower to 4.65 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion (follow-up while admitted in hospital or within 5 days of surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/160</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>6/160</p>
|
||
<p>(3.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.13 (0.03 to 0.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32 fewer per 1000 (from 12 fewer to 36 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT (follow-up 3 or 6 months after surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>12/210</p>
|
||
<p>(5.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/210</p>
|
||
<p>(3.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 60 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery (follow-up ranges from 3 to 5 days after surgery; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">210</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">210</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.54 higher (0.21 to 0.87 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss (follow-up ranges from 3 to 5 days after surgery or until hospital discharge; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">210</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">210</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.60 lower (0.8 to 0.41 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.appf.tab13_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.15 higher (0.24 lower to 0.54 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab13_3"><p class="no_margin">Outcome considered imprecise due to small number of participants and low event rate</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab13_4"><p class="no_margin">Analysis using risk difference due to low event rate</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab13_5"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.appf.tab13_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><div id="niceng157er7.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20100.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20health%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 100. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 100</span><span class="title">Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>a) Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p><p>b) One study was applicable to both Q3.1 and Q3.2</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng157er7.apph.et1"><a href="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7-apph-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (215K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng157er7.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng157er7.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 40</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abildgaard 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abrisham 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abrishami 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ahmed 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Akgul 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alipour 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear if the population is undergoing primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alshryda 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alshryda 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alvarez 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear if the population is undergoing primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alvarez 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arora 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bagsby 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Balasubramanian 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear if the population is undergoing primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Box 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cao 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cao 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Castro-menendez 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Çavuşoğlu 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chai 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Charoencholvanich 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cui 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dai 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">De Napoli 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unable to acquire</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dhillon 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Drosos 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duan 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Durgut 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ellis 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Engel 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fernandez-cortinas 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fillingham 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fillingham 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Franchini 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic with a different population. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fraval 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Friedman 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fu 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fu 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gandhi 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gao 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Georgiev 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ghijselings 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unable to acquire</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gianakos 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gill 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gomez-barbero 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guo 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hanna 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">He 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">He 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hegde 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref97"><sup>97</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hiippala 1995<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear how tranexamic acid was administered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hiippala 1997<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hill 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ho 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hou 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hourlier 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hu 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huang 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huang 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hynes 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iseki 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ishii 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jansen 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear how tranexamic acid was administered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jiang 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Johansson 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jordan 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref123"><sup>123</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karaaslan 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref124"><sup>124</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karam 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kelley 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All people received both interventions randomised by knee</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Konig 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kuo 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kwok 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lanoiselee 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref139"><sup>139</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref141"><sup>141</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lei 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Li 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref149"><sup>149</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Li 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref148"><sup>148</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Li 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref150"><sup>150</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Li 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref151"><sup>151</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref153"><sup>153</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref152"><sup>152</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref157"><sup>157</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref156"><sup>156</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lopez-hualda 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref159"><sup>159</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lopez-picado 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref160"><sup>160</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ma 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref163"><sup>163</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macgillivray 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref164"><sup>164</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Machin 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref165"><sup>165</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">March 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref168"><sup>168</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marra 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref169"><sup>169</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meena 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mi 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref178"><sup>178</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mi 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref177"><sup>177</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Min 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref179"><sup>179</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moskal 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref181"><sup>181</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moskal 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref182"><sup>182</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mutsuzaki 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref184"><sup>184</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ni 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref189"><sup>189</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nielsen 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref190"><sup>190</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oremus 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref194"><sup>194</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Panteli 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref199"><sup>199</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peng Zhang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref202"><sup>202</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perreault 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref204"><sup>204</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pertlíček 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref205"><sup>205</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pinzon-florez 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref207"><sup>207</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pongcharoen 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref208"><sup>208</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prabhu 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref209"><sup>209</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear how tranexamic acid was administered</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prakash 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref211"><sup>211</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rajesparan 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref212"><sup>212</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raviraj 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref213"><sup>213</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sadigursky 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref216"><sup>216</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sadigursky 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref217"><sup>217</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Literature review. Studies checked for inclusion in this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sanz-reig 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref218"><sup>218</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sarzaeem 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref219"><sup>219</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seo 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref220"><sup>220</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seol 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref221"><sup>221</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shang 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shen 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref223"><sup>223</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shin 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref224"><sup>224</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Singh 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref226"><sup>226</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Soni 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref228"><sup>228</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sridharan 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref229"><sup>229</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sridharan 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref230"><sup>230</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NMA does not include knee or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sridharan 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref231"><sup>231</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NMA does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subramanyam 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref234"><sup>234</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sukeik 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref235"><sup>235</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sun 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref237"><sup>237</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sun 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref238"><sup>238</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sun 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref236"><sup>236</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sun 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref239"><sup>239</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tan 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref240"><sup>240</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tavares Sanchez-monge 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref242"><sup>242</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not English language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thipparampall 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref243"><sup>243</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tzatzairis 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref244"><sup>244</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ueno 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref245"><sup>245</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Volquind 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref250"><sup>250</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion included those with RA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref257"><sup>257</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref258"><sup>258</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref260"><sup>260</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref252"><sup>252</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref262"><sup>262</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref261"><sup>261</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wei 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref265"><sup>265</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weng 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref266"><sup>266</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wind 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref267"><sup>267</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wind 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref268"><sup>268</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wong 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref269"><sup>269</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wu 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref272"><sup>272</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wu 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref271"><sup>271</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wu 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref273"><sup>273</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wu 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref274"><sup>274</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Xie 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref275"><sup>275</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Xu 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref277"><sup>277</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yamasaki 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref278"><sup>278</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yang 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref281"><sup>281</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include hip or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref279"><sup>279</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yu 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref284"><sup>284</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yu 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref283"><sup>283</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yuan 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref286"><sup>286</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yue 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref288"><sup>288</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref293"><sup>293</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref301"><sup>301</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref292"><sup>292</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref298"><sup>298</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref295"><sup>295</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref299"><sup>299</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref300"><sup>300</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with different interventions. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref296"><sup>296</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref297"><sup>297</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref294"><sup>294</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or knee joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhao-Yu 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref304"><sup>304</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include shoulder or hip joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhao 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref306"><sup>306</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhou 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref308"><sup>308</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhu 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref309"><sup>309</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include knee or shoulder joint replacement. Included studies checked for this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zohar 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref310"><sup>310</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear whether the population was people having primary joint replacement surgery</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="niceng157er7.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><div id="niceng157er7.appi.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 41</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the health economic review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Irisson 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">More applicable UK analyses were available, <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a>
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<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a>
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<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a> so this study was selectively excluded.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vigna-Taglianti 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref249"><sup>249</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">More applicable UK analyses were available, <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a>
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<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a> so this study was selectively excluded.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inadequate adjustment of data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goyal 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inadequate adjustment of data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McGoldrick 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref173"><sup>173</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inadequate adjustment of data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Panchmatia 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref198"><sup>198</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inadequate adjustment of data</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bk_prnt_sctn"><h2>Figures</h2><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj bk_first_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20TXA%20transfusion%20event%20NMA%20structure.%20Blue%20shapes%20indicate%20a%20monotherapy%20and%20red%20shapes%20indicate%20a%20combination%20therapy.%20Numbers%20show%20the%20amount%20of%20studies%20comparing%20the%20relevant%20interventions.&p=BOOKS&id=561388_niceng157er7f1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK561388/bin/niceng157er7f1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. TXA transfusion event NMA structure. Blue shapes indicate a monotherapy and red shapes indicate a combination therapy. Numbers show the amount of studies comparing the relevant interventions." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">TXA transfusion event NMA structure. Blue shapes indicate a monotherapy and red shapes indicate a combination therapy. Numbers show the amount of studies comparing the relevant interventions</span></h3></div></div></div><div class="bk_prnt_sctn"><h2>Tables</h2><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj bk_first_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults having primary elective joint replacement</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Perioperative use of topical/intra-articular tranexamic acid</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Perioperative use of intravenous tranexamic acid</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Perioperative use of oral tranexamic acid</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Perioperative use of topical/intra-articular and intravenous tranexamic acid</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Perioperative use of topical/intra-articular and oral tranexamic acid</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Perioperative use of intravenous and oral tranexamic acid</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Perioperative use of topical/intra-articular, intravenous and oral tranexamic acid</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparison versus interventions or versus placebo or no treatment.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality: 30 day (dichotomous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood (allogeneic or autologous) transfusion (dichotomous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events
|
||
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Acute myocardial infarction (dichotomous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative thrombosis (dichotomous)</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life within 6 weeks (continuous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding (continuous)</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Important</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative anaemia (dichotomous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding (continuous)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay (continuous)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
||
<p>If no well-conducted RCTs are available, then observational studies with multivariate analysis will be investigated.</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies under each comparison in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IA/topical versus no treatment</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aguilera 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>After prosthesis inserted and cemented, operative field was rinsed and dried. 1g in 10mL solution topically applied by syringe spray to the posterior capsule, surrounding soft tissue, fatty and subcutaneous tissue, exposed surfaces of femur and tibia.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults having elective total knee replacement due to OA or RA or other degenerative knee disorders</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antinolfi 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>500mg injected inside the joint, while no knee flexion or compression was applied</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary knee osteoarthritis and scheduled to undergo unilateral primary TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Digas 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g after skin closure</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People under 85 years old with primary osteoarthritis who we scheduled for total knee arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guerreiro 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 50ml</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Keyhani 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g in 100ml normal saline. Half of the solution was used to irrigate the joint before joint closure. The remaining half of the volume was administered in the joint after wound closure by a portovac drain</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis of the knee scheduled to undergo primary unilateral TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lacko 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g in 50 mL of saline, applied directly into surgical wound following the cementing of the implant.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary or secondary osteoarthritis and having unilateral cemented primary total knee replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Laoruengthana 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg poured into knee joint before closure of the arthrotomy.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis who are scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mehta 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref175"><sup>175</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2.5g (25ml) in 25ml saline. Equally given to each knee joint after wound closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having primary bilateral total knee arthroplasty due to advanced osteoarthritis of the knee.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oztas 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g was applied locally on the proximal-medial surface of the patella with intra-articular injection after the joint capsule closure in the final stage of the operation before the tourniquet deflation</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with inflammatory arthritis, history of thromboembolism, myocardial infarction and stroke and allergy to tranexamic acid.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perez-Jimeno, 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref203"><sup>203</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g administered following skin closure through the deeper drainage tube.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for cemented or non-cemented primary elective total hip arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ugurlu 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref246"><sup>246</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g in 100ml saline. 50ml administered with infiltration to wound lips following suturing of the capsular incision. 50ml administered into the joint.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty for degenerative osteoarthritis.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref302"><sup>302</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 100ml saline via the drainage tubes.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diabetes, bleeding disorders, preoperative anaemia, malignancies, history of thrombosis disease, arteriosclerosis, varicose veins and other cardiovascular diseases, allergy to tranexamic acid, kidney dysfunction.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_14_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral versus no treatment</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2017a<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g 2 hours before induction of anaesthesia and then two more doses 6 hours and 12 hours postoperatively</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IV versus no treatment</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aguilera 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2 doses of 1g. 15-30 minutes before tourniquet inflated and again when tourniquet is removed</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults having elective total knee replacement due to OA or RA or other degenerative knee disorders</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Digas 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15mg/kg before deflation of the tourniquet.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People under 85 years old with primary osteoarthritis who we scheduled for total knee arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gautam 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 mg/kg slow injection 10 minutes before deflation of tourniquet.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imai 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g administered 10 minutes before surgery and again 6 hours later</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary total hip replacement for osteoarthritis of the hip.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Keyhani 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>500mg in 100cc saline administered at the end of surgery</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis of the knee scheduled to undergo primary unilateral TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg 30 min before tourniquet deflation, and the same amount was repeated 3 hours later.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lacko 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2 doses of 10mg/kg. The first dose was administered 20 minutes prior to incision and the second dose was administered three hours after the first dose</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary or secondary osteoarthritis and having unilateral cemented primary total knee replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Laoruengthana 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg administered before closure of the arthrotomy.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis who are scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mehta 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref175"><sup>175</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g administered after regional anaesthesia but before tourniquet inflation.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having primary bilateral total knee arthroplasty due to advanced osteoarthritis of the knee.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mcconnell 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref172"><sup>172</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 mg/kg at the start of surgery</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People who were scheduled to undergo elective primary unilateral cemented hip arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Melo 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref176"><sup>176</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg IV 20 minutes before incision (maximum dose 2g). Half of the people received an extra dose of 10mg/kg using an infusion pump throughout the surgical procedure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary THA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Molloy 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref180"><sup>180</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>500mg five minutes before deflation of the tourniquet and a repeat dose three hours later</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with a pre-operative haemoglobin (Hb) level of 13.0 g/dl or less who were scheduled to undergo a primary TKR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oztas 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20mg/kg dose administered 15 minutes before tourniquet inflated.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with degenerative knee osteoarthritis who did not respond to conservative treatment and underwent unilateral primary TKR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pachauri 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref197"><sup>197</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g given 1 hour before surgery and a second dose 6 hours later.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis scheduled for total knee replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest identified</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ugurlu 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref246"><sup>246</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g in 100ml saline. 50ml administered with infiltration to wound lips following suturing of the capsular incision. 50ml administered into the joint.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty for degenerative osteoarthritis.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref302"><sup>302</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g diluted in 250ml saline and administered via IV infusion 10 minutes before the surgery.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for unilateral primary total hip replacement for osteonecrosis of the femoral head and a BMI between 18.5 and 30.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IA/topical versus placebo</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alshryda 2013a<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 50ml saline sprayed into the wound end of the total hip replacement immediately before the wound is dressed.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary unilateral total hip replacement.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alshryda 2013b<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 50ml saline sprayed into the wound end of the total knee replacement immediately before the wound is dressed.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary unilateral total knee replacement.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Georgiadis 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g in 75mLsaline</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients undergoing unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gillespie 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g in 100ml saline poured into surgical wound before closure and left in place for 5 minutes.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing conventional total shoulder arthroplasty or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ishida 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g in 20ml into the knee joint</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis scheduled for primary TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 20mL normal saline using IA application intraoperatively after joint capsule closure</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for unilateral TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martin 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref170"><sup>170</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g in 100 ml of normal saline into the joint space prior to surgical closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aged 18 years and older, who were scheduled for a primary TKA or primary THA with or without cement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Onodera 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref193"><sup>193</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 50ml saline with 50g carbazochrome sodium sulfonate injected through the drain immediately after wound closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having primary total knee replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prakash 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref210"><sup>210</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g in 50ml saline applied to joint cavity 5 minutes before closure. OR 3g in saline retrograde through the drain after closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis who were scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roy 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref214"><sup>214</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Two drain tubes were placed inside the joint through which 500mg in 5ml was administered</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People under 80 years of age with osteoarthritis scheduled for elective primary unilateral cemented-TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sa-Ngasoongsong 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref215"><sup>215</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>250mg in 25mL of physiologic saline injected into knee joint after completion of fascial closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary knee osteoarthritis and undergoing unilateral primary cemented computer-assisted TKR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Song 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1.5g in 50 mL of saline retrograde through the drain after wound closure</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis of knee awaiting navigation assisted TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stowers 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref233"><sup>233</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1.5g in 20mL of saline after implantation of prosthesis and closure of arthrotomy followed by standard closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults undergoing primary unilateral TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2015a<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref256"><sup>256</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 50 ml saline and injected after prosthesis implantation and before cavity closed.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary unilateral TKA. All patients were treated with patellar medial approach, and the implants were CR knee bone cement prosthesis Gemini MKII</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2015b<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref253"><sup>253</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Immediately after skin closure, 10mL saline with 0.5g TXA was 7injected into the joint.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Primary varus knee osteoarthritis and scheduled for unilateral primary TKA.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref259"><sup>259</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 50 mL saline was administered right before skin closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People aged 30 years and older, who were scheduled for primary unilateral TKA for end-stage osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wei 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref264"><sup>264</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g mixed with 100ml saline. During surgery, the acetabulum was bathed in 20ml. Following femoral canal broach preparation, the femoral canal was filled with 20ml. The remaining 60ml was injected into the hip joint following fascia closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People aged 45–80 years who were scheduled for unilateral cementless primary total hip replacement.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wong 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref270"><sup>270</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1.5g OR 3g in saline solution. After all components were cemented in place, the joint was thoroughly irrigated and the solution was applied to the joint surfaces using a bulb syringe and left in contact for 5 minutes.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing total knee arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yang 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref280"><sup>280</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>500mg in 20ml into knee joint cavity after completion of the facial closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People >60 years old with OA, traumatic arthritis or RA and a BMI <40kg/m<sup>2</sup>.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yuan 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref285"><sup>285</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g total 60mL solution administered after the subcutaneous tissue was sutured. Oral and IV placebo used.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis who were scheduled for primary unilateral TKA were enrolled.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yue 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref287"><sup>287</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g TXA in 150 mL saline was used at three time points. First, after the acetabular preparation then, after femoral canal broach preparation. The remaining 50 mL TXA fluid was injected to the hip joint after fascia closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty for OA or ONFH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zekcer 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref289"><sup>289</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1.5g in 50 ml of saline which was sprayed over the operated area for 5 minutes, before the tourniquet was released.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for unilateral TKA due to arthrosis (Albach grades III and IV)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhou 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref307"><sup>307</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g in 60ml saline soaking the hip cavity before the end of surgery.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults scheduled to undergo primary unilateral THA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IV versus placebo</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Almeida 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g injected before the pneumatic cuff was inflated.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary knee osteoarthrosis who were scheduled for TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barrachina 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>IV infusion of 15 mg/kg in 100 mL saline over a 10-minute period after the institution of regional anaesthesia and before the start of surgery. Three hours later they received a second infusion over 10 minutes. In this case half of the people received only saline and half tranexamic acid infusion.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline infusions.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hip replacement surgery (unilateral, bicompartmental, primary, uncemented, posterolateral, or anterolateral) for arthrosis in adults with ASA physical status I to III and no known allergy to tranexamic acid.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Benoni 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 mg/kg (maximum 1g) a slow injection towards the end of the operation at a median time of 12 minutes (1 to 40) before deflation of the tourniquet. This dose was repeated after three hours.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Two placebo infusions</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A diagnosis of osteoarthritis or aseptic bone necrosis, but not of rheumatoid arthritis; primary, unilateral, bicompartmental knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Benoni 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 mg/kg (maximum 1g) in a slow injection immediately before the operation started</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline infusion</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for a unilateral, primary total hip replacement for osteoarthrosis or osteonecrosis.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bidolegui 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Two 10-minute infusions of 15mg/kg (diluted in 100 cc of normal saline)</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis who are scheduled to have primary, unilateral total knee arthroplasty. All people had normal preoperative platelet count, normal prothrombin time, normal partial thromboplastin time, normal international normalized ratio</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Camarasa 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2 doses of 10mg/kg. First during 30 minutes before tourniquet release, second 3 hours after first dose.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>2 saline doses</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People who needed unilateral, bicompartmental, primary, cemented TKR because of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis and were in the anaesthetic risk groups ASA I–III were invited to participate in the study.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2016a<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 100 mL 10 minutes before the tourniquet was inflated</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients eligible for simultaneous bilateral cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKAs) with a diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Claeys 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg single slow injection 15 minutes before first incision.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline slow IV injection</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People ASA I-II undergoing unilateral elective primary total hip replacement.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clave 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2 IV groups. 1 group received 1g at 0 (incision) and then 3, 7 and 11 hours after surgery. The other group had placebo for the later 2 time points.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults awaiting primary elective THA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Acute coronary syndrome</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cvetanovich 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g diluted in 10mL normal saline 10 minutes before incision</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>10mL of normal saline</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients undergoing a unilateral primary anatomic or reverse primary total shoulder arthroplasty TSA at a single institution.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ekback 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 mg/kg before surgical incision. A continuous infusion of 1.0 mg/ kg/h for 10 h was then started immediately after the first dose. A second dose of 10mg/kg body weight was given 3 h later.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline as placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Garneti 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg dose</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with a diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis of the hip necessitating total hip arthroplasty (THA)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gautam 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg approximately half an hour before deflation of tourniquet</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for elective primary unilateral TKR for osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Good 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/ kg infusion and dose was repeated after 3 hours.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients who had elective total primary unilateral tricompartmental knee arthroplasty because of osteoarthrosis, and were all classified as ASA I or II.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hsu 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref104"><sup>104</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2 doses of 1g in 20ml. The first 10 minutes before incision and the second 3 hours later.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing hip arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Husted 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 mg/kg (maximum 1g) sloq infusion before the incision, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg/kg/hour dissolved in 1L of saline for 10 hours (maximum 1 g/10 hours).</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients scheduled for primary total hip arthroplasty due to arthrosis or osteonecrosis of the femoral head.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kakar 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg followed by an infusion of 1mg/kg/hr until skin closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary cemented unilateral(U/L) or bilateral(B/L) total knee arthroplasties.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kazemi 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg was given slowly for 5 minutes preoperatively</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having cementless hip replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kundu 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20mg/kg diluted to 25cc with normal saline administered before surgery</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II patients scheduled for unilateral total knee replacement (TKR)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2013a<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref145"><sup>145</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15 mg/kg administered slowly over 10 minutes before the surgical incision was made then a continuous infusion of 15 mg/kg in saline until skin closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients scheduled to undergo primary unilateral cementless total hip replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2013b<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2 doses of 10 mg/kg. The first infusion after implantation before tourniquet release and the second infusion 6 hours after the first.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing elective primary TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lemay 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref147"><sup>147</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg followed by an infusion of 1 mg/kg/hr until skin closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients were eligible for this study if they were ASA classI to III and were undergoing primary total hip replacement (THR)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref154"><sup>154</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Half the people received 10 mg/kg five minutes before the incision. All people received 10 mg/kg by slow intravenous infusion five minutes before deflation of the tourniquet.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having unilateral minimally invasive primary TKR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Malhotra 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref166"><sup>166</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15kg/mg 15 minutes before incision.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing unilateral cementless total hip arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Motififard 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref183"><sup>183</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2 doses of 500mg diluted in saline. First dose was infused in over 10 minutes about 30 minutes before inflation of tourniquet and the second dose after staying in the recovery room for three hours.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis who were indicated for primary TKA.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Niskanen 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref191"><sup>191</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3 dosesof 10 mg/kg mixed in 100 mL saline. The first injection was given intravenously over 5–10 min, immediately before the operation. The next two doses were given 8 hours and 16 hours after the first injection.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Consecutive people who were scheduled for a cemented hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Orpen 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref195"><sup>195</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg at the time that cement mixing commenced.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pauzenberger 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref201"><sup>201</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 100ml saline 30 minutes prior to incision. 1g in 100ml saline during wound closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People over 40 years old undergoing primary TSA or RTSA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prakash 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref210"><sup>210</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg administered 3 times. 20 minutes before tourniquet application, 15 minutes before deflation of the tourniquet, 3 hours after the previous dose in the postoperative period.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis who were scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shinde 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref225"><sup>225</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3 doses of 10 mg/kg. The first dose was prior to inflation of the tourniquet after induction, the second dose was 4 hours after the first dose either in the recovery room or in the ward and the third dose was after 12 hours of the first dose.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with tricompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee and scheduled for unilateral total knee replacement were included in the study</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Song 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg 20 minutes before tourniquet application as a preoperative dose, 10 mg/kg 15 minutes before deflation of the tourniquet as an intraoperative dose, and 10 mg/kg 3 hours after the second dose as a postoperative dose. As placebo, the group received 50 mL of saline retrograde through drain after surgery.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis of knee awaiting navigation assisted TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stowers 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref233"><sup>233</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1.5g at the before release of tourniquet</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults undergoing primary unilateral TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tanaka 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref241"><sup>241</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>One or two doses: 20mg/kg minutes before surgery and/or 20mg/kg ten minutes before deflation of the tourniquet</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis who were scheduled to have a unilateral bicondylar cemented TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vara 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref247"><sup>247</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2 doses of 10mg/kg. Firstly within 60 minutes of surgery. Secondly at wound closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults undergoing primary RTSA for massive cuff deficiency with or without glenohumeral arthrosis.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Veien 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref248"><sup>248</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg given just before release of tourniquet and again 3 hours later.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults undergoing primary cemented TKR.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref251"><sup>251</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg or 15mg/kg before surgery begins.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with OA scheduled to have primary unilateral total hip replacement.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref259"><sup>259</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 50 mL saline was administered right before skin closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People aged 30 years and older, who were scheduled for primary unilateral TKA for end-stage osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wei 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref264"><sup>264</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g infusion 10 minutes prior to incision. Physiological saline solution (0.85%) was used as placebo.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People aged 45–80 years, without low preoperative hemoglobin, normal international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT) values, no history of previous hip surgery who were scheduled for unilateral cementless primary total hip replacement.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yi 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref282"><sup>282</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg 5 minutes before incision. 20ml normal saline solution used to topically on acetabulum and placed within femoral canal. 60ml normal saline solution injected into hip joint.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing hip replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yuan 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref285"><sup>285</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20 mg/kg intravenously 30 minutes before incising the skin, and the same dose 12 hours after TKA. Oral and IA placebo used.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis who were scheduled for primary unilateral TKA were enrolled.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zekcer 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref289"><sup>289</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20mg/kg, diluted in 100 ml of saline, infused over a 10-minute period at the same time as anaesthesia was administered.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for unilateral TKA due to arthrosis (Albach grades III and IV)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhao 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref305"><sup>305</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg 10 minutes before incision. 4 ascorbic acid tablets used for oral placebo.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo and 4 ascorbic acid tablets used for oral placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having elective primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of femoral head necrosis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhou 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref307"><sup>307</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg in 100 ml saline by intravenous infusion approximately 15 min before skin incision, and a second identical dose administered 3 hours later.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults scheduled to undergo primary unilateral THA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral versus placebo</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bradshaw 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4 doses of 1500mg encapsulated tranexamic acid. First dose 8 hours before admission, unclear when second dose was given, third dose within 2 hours of surgery, fourth dose 6-8 hours after surgery.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>4 doses of encapsulated inactive comparator.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis undergoing primary total knee replacement.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yuan 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref285"><sup>285</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20mg/kg orally 2 hours before the operation and the same dose 12 hours after TKA. IV and IA placebo used.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis who were scheduled for primary unilateral TKA were enrolled.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhao 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref305"><sup>305</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20mg/kg 2 hours before surgery and 3 hours after surgery. IV saline given to enable blinding with IV group.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having elective primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of femoral head necrosis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_101_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IV plus IA/topical versus placebo</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g IV injection 15 minutes before skin incision and 1g IA application intraoperatively after joint capsule closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for unilateral TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Song 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg 20 minutes before tourniquet application as a preoperative dose and 10 mg/kg as a postoperative dose. 1.5g in 50mL of saline retrograde through the drain after wound closure. As placebo, these patients received 5mL of normal saline at the time of intraoperative dose.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis of knee awaiting navigation assisted TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yi 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref282"><sup>282</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg IV 5 minutes before incision. 200mg in 20ml solution used to topically on acetabulum and placed within femoral canal. 600mg in 60ml injected into hip joint.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing hip replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zeng 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref291"><sup>291</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg IV in saline. Topical administration 1g in 100ml saline administered during surgery.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Saline placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults (18-90 years old) undergoing primary unilateral total hip replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_105_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IA/topical versus IV</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdel 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g diluted in 45mL of saline applied to open joint surfaces after cementation of the implant and prior to tourniquet release</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1g administered prior to tourniquet inflation.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis having primary elective unilateral total knee arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aggarwal 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15 mg/kg in 100 mL of normal saline solution which was applied to the joint surface and left in contact for 10 minutes.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>15 mg/kg 30 minutes before tourniquet deflation.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing bilateral primary TKA for severe arthritis of the knee with tricompartmental involvement.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aguilera 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>After prosthesis inserted and cemented, operative field was rinsed and dried. 1g in 10mL solution topically applied by syringe spray to the posterior capsule, surrounding soft tissue, fatty and subcutaneous tissue, exposed surfaces of femur and tibia.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>2 doses of 1g. 15-30 minutes before tourniquet inflated and again when tourniquet is removed</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults having elective total knee replacement due to OA or RA or other degenerative knee disorders</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2016b<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1500mg diluted in 100ml saline was given as an IA wash after cementing the prostheses.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1500mg diluted in 100ml saline given as an infusion over 20 minutes after cementing the prostheses.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People aged from 50 to 85 with osteoarthritis of the knee and scheduled for an elective primary TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Digas 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g after skin closure</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>15mg/kg before deflation of the tourniquet.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People under 85 years old with primary osteoarthritis who we scheduled for total knee arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">George 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1.5g in 100 mL of saline poured into the joint before wound closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>10mg/kg before tourniquet inflation and again at tourniquet release.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis who are scheduled for a primary unilateral cemented TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gomez-Barrena 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g in 100ml of saline. Half administered by irrigation before joint closure. Half administered after joint closure. IV placebo with saline.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>15mg/kg in 100ml saline slowly infused before tourniquet release. A second identical dose given 3 hours after surgery. IA placebo with saline.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults scheduled for primary unilateral total knee replacement with cemented implants.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goyal 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3,000mg (30mL) IA in the knee joint after wound closure. IV saline placebo.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1,000mg (10 mL) IV 10 minutes before deflation of the tourniquet (if a tourniquet was used) or 10 minutes before incision (if a tourniquet was not used). IA saline placebo. 2 more 1,000mg (10mL) doses of IV were given at 8 hourly intervals postoperatively.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having primary total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Laoruengthana 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg poured into knee joint before closure of the arthrotomy.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>10mg/kg administered before closure of the arthrotomy.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis who are scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2017b<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref144"><sup>144</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 mg/kg 30 minutes before tourniquet deflation; the same dose was repeated 3 hours after surgery. Both doses by slow infusion.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>2g of in 30mL of normal saline was injected in the joint after closure of the retinaculum and quadriceps tendon but before subcutaneous closure.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“People with osteoarthritis having elective unilateral primary TKA”</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Luo 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref162"><sup>162</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g diluted in 150mL of normal saline. Following the acetabular preparation, the acetabulum was soaked with 50mL of solution for 3 minutes. After the femoral canal broach preparation, 50mL solution was injected into the femoral canal and removed by suction 3 minutes later. After reduction of the final hip components, 50mL solution was applied to the wound and allowed to remain undisturbed for 3 minutes, after which it was removed by suction. 100mL saline IV placebo used.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>20 mg/kg diluted in 100ml normal saline given as an IV bolus 5 minutes before the skin incision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis of the femoral head and scheduled to undergo cementless primary unilateral THA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maniar 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref167"><sup>167</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g diluted in 100 mL normal saline applied locally after cementing the implant and before tourniquet release.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>10 mg/kg 15 minutes before deflation of the tourniquet as an intraoperative dose. Half of the people received a postoperative dose. Half of the people received a preoperative dose.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis scheduled to have primary, unilateral TKA.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">May 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref171"><sup>171</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g in 50ml saline. Injected into capsular closure. 100ml saline used as IV placebo.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>2 doses of 1g in 100ml normal saline. The first dose after anaesthetic induction, the second dose after capsular closure. Saline used for IA placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults over 18 years old undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mehta 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref175"><sup>175</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2.5g (25ml) in 25ml saline. Equally given to each knee joint after wound closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1g administered after regional anaesthesia but before tourniquet inflation.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having primary bilateral total knee arthroplasty due to advanced osteoarthritis of the knee.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oztas 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g was applied locally on the proximal-medial surface of the patella with intra-articular injection after the joint capsule closure in the final stage of the operation before the tourniquet deflation</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>15mg/kg given 1 hour before the inflation of the tourniquet and 1 hour after the deflation of the tourniquet, and 10 mg/kg in saline given through one-hour infusion.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with degenerative knee osteoarthritis who did not respond to conservative treatment and underwent unilateral primary TKR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patel 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref200"><sup>200</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g in 100 ml of normal saline put directly into the surgical site and bathed in the solution, undisturbed for 2 minutes prior to tourniquet release</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>10mg/kg 10 minutes prior to tourniquet deflation.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults with osteoarthritis undergoing elective unilateral primary TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: acute myocardial infarction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pinsornsak 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref206"><sup>206</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>750mg in 15 mL saline injected into the soft tissue around medial capsule (5 ml), lateral capsule (5 ml) and around the quadriceps muscle (5 ml).</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>750mg in 15ml saline.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults with osteoarthritis scheduled for TKA.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prakash 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref210"><sup>210</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg administered 3 times. 20 minutes before tourniquet application, 15 minutes before deflation of the tourniquet, 3 hours after the previous dose in the postoperative period. Topical saline as placebo.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>3g in 50ml saline applied to joint cavity 5 minutes before closure OR 3g in saline retrograde through the drain after closure. IV saline as placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis who were scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Song 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1.5g in 50 mL of saline retrograde through the drain after wound closure, and as placebo, saline utilised at the same points as the IV treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>10mg/kg 20 minutes before tourniquet application as a preoperative dose, 10 mg/kg 15 minutes before deflation of the tourniquet as an intraoperative dose, and 10 mg/kg 3 hours after the second dose as a postoperative dose. As placebo, the group received 50 mL of saline retrograde through drain after surgery.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis of knee awaiting navigation assisted TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stowers 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref233"><sup>233</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1.5g in 20mL of saline after implantation of prosthesis and closure of arthrotomy followed by standard closure. Saline IV placebo used.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1.5g intravenously at the same time before release of tourniquet. IA saline used as placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults undergoing primary unilateral TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ugurlu 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref246"><sup>246</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g in 100ml saline. 50ml administered with infiltration to wound lips following suturing of the capsular incision. 50ml administered into the joint.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>20mg/kg dose administered 15 minutes before tourniquet inflated.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty for degenerative osteoarthritis.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref259"><sup>259</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in 50 mL saline was administered right before skin closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1g IV in 50 mL saline was administered right before skin closure.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People aged 30 years and older, who were scheduled for primary unilateral TKA for end-stage osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2018b<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref254"><sup>254</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g in 100 mL of saline solution, administered intra-articularly at two time points. Oral and IV placebos used.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>20mg/kg dose in 100 mL of normal saline solution administered 5 minutes prior to incision. Oral and IA placebos used.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults with primary knee osteoarthritis who were scheduled for elective primary unilateral total knee replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wei 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref264"><sup>264</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g mixed with 100ml saline. During surgery, the acetabulum was bathed in 20ml. Following femoral canal broach preparation, the femoral canal was filled with 20ml. The remaining 60ml was injected into the hip joint following fascia closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>3g infusion 10 minutes prior to incision. Saline placebo used.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People aged 45–80 years, without low preoperative haemoglobin, normal international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT) values, no history of previous hip surgery who were scheduled for unilateral cementless primary total hip replacement.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wei 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref263"><sup>263</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g diluted in 50ml of normal saline, injected into the surgical site (posterior and anterior capsule, medial and lateral retinaculum), and the surgical site was soaked in the solution for 5 min before deflation of the tourniquet.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>10mg/kg 10 min after placement of a loose tourniquet.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults with knee osteoarthritis and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score 3 or under who are scheduled for unilateral primary TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Xie 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref276"><sup>276</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g in 150ml saline was utilised. Gauze with 50ml used to soak the acetabulum for 3 minutes and gauze with 50ml used to soak the femoral canal for 3 minutes. Remaining 50ml injected into joint space through the drainage tube after fascia closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1.5g 15 minutes before skin incision.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing hip replacement surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yuan 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref285"><sup>285</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g total 60 mL solution administered after the subcutaneous tissue was sutured. Oral and IV placebo used.</p>
|
||
<p>20 mg/kg 30 minutes before incising the skin, and the same dose 12 hours after surgery. IA and oral placebo used.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis who were scheduled for primary unilateral TKA were enrolled.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zekcer 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref289"><sup>289</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1.5g in 50 ml of saline which was sprayed over the operated area for 5 minutes, before the tourniquet was released.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>20mg/kg, diluted in 100 ml of saline, infused over a 10-minute period at the same time as anaesthesia was administered.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for unilateral TKA due to arthrosis (Albach grades III and IV)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref302"><sup>302</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>After skin sutures closed, the IA group were injected with 1g in 100ml saline via the drainage tubes.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1g diluted in 250ml saline and administered via IV infusion 10 minutes before the surgery.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for unilateral primary total hip replacement for osteonecrosis of the femoral head and a BMI between 18.5 and 30.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref303"><sup>303</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Articular injection of 3.0g after it was sutured</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>IV injection of 20mg/kg TXA before the incision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People 40 to 80 years old scheduled for TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhou 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref307"><sup>307</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g in 60ml saline soaking the hip cavity before the end of surgery.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>10mg/kg in 100 ml saline by intravenous infusion approximately 15 min before skin incision, and a second identical dose administered 3 hours later.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults scheduled to undergo primary unilateral THA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_110_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral versus IV</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cao 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20mg/kg IV administered 5-10 minutes before first incision. 2g given orally in 4 tablets at 4 hours, 10 hours and 16 hours after surgery. IV saline given at the same time points as the higher IV dose group.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>20mg/kg IV administered 5-10 minutes before fist incision. 1g given IV in saline 6 hours, 12 hours and 18 hours after surgery. Oral placebo taken at the corresponding time points.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head and developmental dysplasia of the hip.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral group received small IV dose and the study was considered indirect evidence.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fillingham 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1950 mg (3 tablets of 650 mg) approximately 2 hours before incision and given an IV placebo of 10-mL normal saline immediately before wound closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1g in 10 mL saline immediately before wound closure and received 750 mg of placebo (ascorbic acid in 3 tablets of 250 mg) approximately 2 hours before incision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled to undergo unilateral primary TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jaszczyk 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1950mg in 3 tablets 2 hours before incision and an IV placebo dose of saline immediately before incision.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1g in 10mL saline as bolus immediately before incision. Placebo tablets 2 hours before incision.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kayupov 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1960mg given in 3 tablets 2 hours before incision. IV saline given immediately prior to incision</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1g in saline given immediately prior to incision, placebo for oral group in ascorbic acid given 2 hours before incision.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having cementless primary hip arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Luo 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref162"><sup>162</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g approximately 2 hours before the incision. 100mL saline IV placebo infusion administered 5 minutes before the skin incision.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>20 mg/kg diluted in 100ml normal saline given as an IV bolus 5 minutes before the skin incision.4 placebo tablets, identical in appearance with no active ingredient, were administered</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis of the femoral head and scheduled to undergo cementless primary unilateral THA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2018b<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref254"><sup>254</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g in 500mg tablets taken approximately 2 hours before incision. IA and IV placebos used.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>20mg/kg dose in 100 mL of normal saline solution administered 5 minutes prior to incision. Oral and IA placebos used.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults with primary knee osteoarthritis who were scheduled for elective primary unilateral total knee replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yuan 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref285"><sup>285</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20mg/kg orally 2 hours before the operation and the same dose 12 hours after surgery. IV and IA placebo used.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>20 mg/kg intravenously 30 minutes before incising the skin, and the same dose 12 hours after surgery. Oral and IA placebo used.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis who were scheduled for primary unilateral TKA were enrolled.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhao 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref305"><sup>305</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20mg/kg 2 hours before surgery and 3 hours after surgery. IV saline placebo used.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>15mg/kg 10 minutes before incision. 4 ascorbic acid tablets used for placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People having elective primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of femoral head necrosis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_142_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IA/topical versus oral</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Luo 2018a<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref161"><sup>161</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g diluted in 150ml saline utilised. 50ml to soak the acetabulum for 3 minutes. After the femoral canal broach preparation, 50ml injected into the femoral canal and removed 3 minutes later. After reduction of femoral components, 50ml was soaked and removed 3 minutes later. Placebo tablets used to keep blinding.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>2g administered 2 hours before surgery. 2 1g doses were administered postoperatively with a 6 hour interval. Saline IA wash was used to keep blinding.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing hip replacement surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Luo 2018b<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref162"><sup>162</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g diluted in 150mL of normal saline. Following the acetabular preparation, the acetabulum was soaked with 50mL of solution for 3 minutes. After the femoral canal broach preparation, 50mL solution was injected into the femoral canal and removed by suction 3 minutes later. After reduction of the final hip components, 50mL solution was applied to the wound and allowed to remain undisturbed for 3 minutes, after which it was removed by suction. 100mL saline IV placebo used. 4 placebo tablets, identical in appearance with no active ingredient, were administered</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>2g approximately 2 hours before the incision.. IA saline placebo used.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis of the femoral head and scheduled to undergo cementless primary unilateral THA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2018a<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref255"><sup>255</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g 2 hours before incision. A postoperative dose of 1g was repeated 6 and 12 hours after surgery. Saline IA placebo.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>3g in 100 mL of saline solution administered is 2 doses. After all components have been cemented and the joint was thoroughly irrigated, the first half is applied to soak the open joint surface and tissue for 5 min and the second half administered using a needle to achieve tissue impregnation. Placebo pills identical to oral TXA in appearance were given 2 hours before incision.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yuan 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref285"><sup>285</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3g total 60mL solution administered after the subcutaneous tissue was sutured. Oral and IV placebo utilised.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>20mg/kg orally 2 hours before the operation and the same dose 12 hours after surgery. IV placebo joint injection of saline. IA placebo of saline</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis who were scheduled for primary unilateral TKA were enrolled.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2018b<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref254"><sup>254</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2g in 500mg tablets taken approximately 2 hours before incision. IA and IV placebos used.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>2g in 100 mL of saline solution, administered intra-articularly at two time points. Oral and IV placebos used.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults with primary knee osteoarthritis who were scheduled for elective primary unilateral total knee replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_151_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IV plus IA/topical versus IV</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adravanti 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g IV 30 minutes before induction of anaesthesia, then at 3 and 9 hours after surgery. 3g topical injected into the joint after closure of the capsule.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1g IV 30 minutes before induction of anaesthesia and then at 3 and 9 hours after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults 18 to 95 years old undergoing primary TKA.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gulabi 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g in saline given as a slow IV injection 30 minutes before incision. Dose repeated 3 hours later. 3g diluted in isotonic saline and applied intra-articularly.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1g in saline given as a slow IV injection 30 minutes before incision. Dose repeated 3 hours later.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults scheduled for elective primary unilateral THA.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huang 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1.5g dissolved in 50 mL saline was irrigated in the wound after implantation of the components and 1.5g IV was administered before inflation of the tourniquet</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>3g administered before inflation of the tourniquet.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults scheduled for a primary TKA for end-stage osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jain 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3 IV doses: 15 mg/kg 30 minutes before skin incision. 10mg/kg repeated 3 and 6 hours after surgery. 2g diluted in 30 mL saline applied IA for about 5minutes before closure of arthrotomy.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>3 doses: 15 mg/kg 30 minutes before skin incision. 10mg/kg repeated 3 and 6 hours after surgery. Saline IA placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis undergoing elective unilateral primary TKAs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Song 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg 20 minutes before tourniquet application as a preoperative dose and 10 mg/kg as a postoperative dose. 1.5g in 50mL of saline retrograde through the drain after wound closure. As placebo, these patients received 5mL of normal saline at the time of intraoperative dose.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>10mg/kg 20 minutes before tourniquet application as a preoperative dose, 10 mg/kg 15 minutes before deflation of the tourniquet as an intraoperative dose, and 10 mg/kg 3 hours after the second dose as a postoperative dose. As placebo, the group received 50 mL of saline retrograde through drain after surgery.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis of knee awaiting navigation assisted TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Xie 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref276"><sup>276</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g IV dose 15 minutes before skin incision. 2g in 150ml physiological saline was utilised. Gauze with 50ml used to soak the acetabulum for 3 minutes and gauze with 50ml used to soak the femoral canal for 3 minutes. Remaining 50ml injected into joint space through the drainage tube after fascia closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1.5g IV dose 15 minutes before skin incision.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing hip replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yi 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref282"><sup>282</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15mg/kg IV 5 minutes before incision. 200mg in 20ml solution used to topically on acetabulum and placed within femoral canal. 600mg in 60ml injected into hip joint.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>15mg/kg IV 5 minutes before incision. Saline IA placebo used.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing hip replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref303"><sup>303</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>IV injection of 20mg/kg before the incision and articular injection of 3g TXA after it was sutured.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>IV injection of 20mg/kg TXA before the incision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People 40 to 80 years old scheduled for TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_157_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_166_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IA/topical plus oral versus IA/topical</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_166_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cankaya 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_166_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Oral 25mg/kg (maximum 2g) given 2 hours before surgery. 1.5g in saline administered to the joint cavity during surgery.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1.5g in saline administered to the joint cavity during surgery.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_166_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People 55 to 85 years old with knee osteoarthrosis, undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_166_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postoperative bleeding</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_166_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IV plus IA/topical versus IA/topical</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g IV injection 15 minutes before skin incision and 1g IA application intraoperatively after joint capsule closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1g in 20 mL normal saline using IA application intraoperatively after joint capsule closure</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People scheduled for unilateral TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Song 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10mg/kg 20 minutes before tourniquet application as a preoperative dose and 10 mg/kg as a postoperative dose. 1.5g in 50mL of saline retrograde through the drain after wound closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>1.5g in 50 mL of saline retrograde through the drain after wound closure, and as placebo, saline utilised at the same points as the IV treatment.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with primary osteoarthritis of knee awaiting navigation assisted TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Xie 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref276"><sup>276</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1g IV dose 15 minutes before skin incision. 2g in 150ml physiological saline was utilised. Gauze with 50ml used to soak the acetabulum for 3 minutes and gauze with 50ml used to soak the femoral canal for 3 minutes. Remaining 50ml injected into joint space through the drainage tube after fascia closure.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>3g in 150ml physiological saline was utilised. Gauze with 50ml used to soak the acetabulum for 3 minutes and gauze with 50ml used to soak the femoral canal for 3 minutes. Remaining 50ml injected into joint space through the drainage tube after fascia closure.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People undergoing hip replacement surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang 2019<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref303"><sup>303</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>IV injection of 20mg/kg before the incision and articular injection of 3g TXA after it was sutured.</p>
|
||
<p>versus</p>
|
||
<p>Articular injection of 3.0g after it was sutured</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People 40 to 80 years old scheduled for TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Transfusion</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events: DVT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Total blood loss</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab2_1_1_168_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: IA/topical versus no treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with No treatment</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with IA/topical tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1078</p>
|
||
<p>(10 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from while admitted in hospital to 2 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.46 (0.37 to 0.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">362 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>195 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 159 fewer to 228 fewer)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>850</p>
|
||
<p>(9 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from in hospital period to 1 year after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD −0.00 (−0.02 to 0.01)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 10 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>906</p>
|
||
<p>(9 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 12 hours to 5 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_4">4</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>9</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.43 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.11 lower to 0.97 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>709</p>
|
||
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 1 to 5 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_4">4</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1200 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.5 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(2.3 to 0.71 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>355</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_4">4</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>500 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.65 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1.51 lower to 0.2 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>95</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>24 hours after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>538.06 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>337.96 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(435.16 to 240.76 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>312</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab3_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>5 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.06 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.28 lower to 0.17 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference utilised to calculate absolute effect</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference used to analyse data due to very low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab3_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab3_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Oral versus no treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with No treatment</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Oral tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>189</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>30 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0.02)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 20 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>189</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>unclear</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.34 (0.04 to 3.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>21 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 30 fewer to 69 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>189</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>within 7 days of surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 7.47 (0.15 to 376.39)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>189</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>unclear</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>−2.5 g/dL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.8 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.56 to 1.04 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>189</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>unclear</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>626 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>228 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(293.22 to 162.78 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>189</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab4_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>5.8 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.1 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.46 lower to 0.66 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Analysis via risk difference due to low event rate</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab4_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: IV versus no treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with No treatment</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with IV tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>within 90 days of surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_5">5</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_6">6</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.04 to 0.04)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 40 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1324</p>
|
||
<p>(15 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from in-hospital period to 90 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD −0.14 (−0.21 to −0.08)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">307 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>140 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 210 fewer to 80 fewer)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1135</p>
|
||
<p>(15 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from 2 days to 1 year after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0.01)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 10 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1038</p>
|
||
<p>(11 studies)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_7">7</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 1 to 5 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>9.5</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.53 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.38 to 0.67 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>873</p>
|
||
<p>(8 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>either unclear or 3 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1250 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.33 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(2.1 to 0.56 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>356</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_4">4</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>500 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.88 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(2.62 lower to 0.86 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>96</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>24 hours after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>538.06</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>393.16 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(483.74 to 302.58 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>312</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab5_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>5 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.03 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.24 lower to 0.19 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference utilised to calculate absolute effect</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Results analysed using risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab5_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab5_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab5_6"><p class="no_margin">Considered indirect due to the study follow-up period extending beyond 30 days</p></div></dd><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab5_7"><p class="no_margin">Two intervention groups reported in Melo 2017. The numbers of people in the control groups have been halved to prevent double counting.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: IA/topical versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with IA/topical tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>15 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.06 to 0.06)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 60 fewer to 60 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2589</p>
|
||
<p>(24 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from 3 days to 3 months of surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.36 (0.29 to 0.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">197 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>126 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 108 fewer to 140 fewer)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2428</p>
|
||
<p>(23 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from 5 days to 3 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_6">6</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0.01)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 10 fewer to 10 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Quality of life within 6 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>EuroQol Index (EQ-5D)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>190</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life within 6 weeks in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.75</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life within 6 weeks in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.06 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.14 lower to 0.03 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1853</p>
|
||
<p>(18 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 24 hours to 5 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_7">7</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>9 g/dL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.04 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.8 to 1.29 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1617</p>
|
||
<p>(17 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 1 to 5 days after surgery or until hospital discharge</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_7">7</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1100 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.94 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1.16 to 0.72 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>243</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_6">6</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_7">7</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>200 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.25 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.93 lower to 0.44 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>394</p>
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 36 hours to 4 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_7">7</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding ranged across control groups from</p>
|
||
<p>55 to 400</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.94 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1.35 to 0.53 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1108</p>
|
||
<p>(10 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab6_7">7</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>5 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.01 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.2 lower to 0.18 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk difference used to calculate absolute effect</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Results analysed using risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab6_4"><p class="no_margin">Study considered imprecise because it is small and there were no events in either treatment group</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab6_5"><p class="no_margin">Considered indirect evidence as the outcome was outside of the specified time point</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab6_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab6_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: IV versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with IV tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>290</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>either during hospital stay or within 15 days of surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.03 to 0.03)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See comment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 30 fewer to 30 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3383</p>
|
||
<p>(44 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from 24 hours to 6 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.39 (0.32 to 0.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">343 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>209 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 175 fewer to 233 fewer)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute coronary syndrome</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>230</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>during hospital stay</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0.04)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3356</p>
|
||
<p>(45 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from in hospital period to 6 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0.01)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 10 fewer to 10 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2489</p>
|
||
<p>(32 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 1 day after surgery to discharge from hospital</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_4">4</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_6">6</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>9.5 g/dL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.64 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.49 to 0.78 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2624</p>
|
||
<p>(33 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 1 to 6 days after surgery or until hospital discharge</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss ranged across control groups from</p>
|
||
<p>590 to 2393 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.84 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1 to 0.68 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>744</p>
|
||
<p>(13 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_4">4</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_6">6</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding ranged across control groups from</p>
|
||
<p>140 to 790</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.61 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.97 to 0.25 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>762</p>
|
||
<p>(13 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 48 hours of surgery to in-hospital period</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab7_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding ranged across control groups from</p>
|
||
<p>244 to 1074 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.38 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1.87 to 0.89 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1272</p>
|
||
<p>(14 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>7 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.09 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.18 to 0.01 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">Analysis by risk difference due to low events rate</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab7_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab7_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab7_5"><p class="no_margin">No explanation was provided</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab7_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Oral versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Oral tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>406</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from in hospital period to 3 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab8_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.38 (0.23 to 0.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">225 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>139 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 81 fewer to 173 fewer)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>406</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from 2 weeks to 3 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab8_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.03 to 0.02)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab8_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 30 fewer to 20 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab8_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>406</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 1 to 3 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab8_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab8_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>−3</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.47 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.37 to 0.57 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>126</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab8_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>948.5 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.13 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1.51 to 0.75 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>80</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab8_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab8_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>156.3 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>21.5 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(34.91 to 8.09 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>80</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab8_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.9 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.1 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.69 to 0.49 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">Analysed using risk difference due to low events rates</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab8_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: IV plus IA/topical versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with IV+IA/topical tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>380</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>while admitted in hospital</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab9_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.08 (0.03 to 0.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">258 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>237 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 201 fewer to 250 fewer)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>380</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from 2 weeks to 6 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab9_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab9_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab9_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>380</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab9_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>−4 g/dL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.45 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(1.19 to 1.7 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>380</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3 days after surgery or in-hospital period</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab9_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab9_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1100 ml</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>294.44 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(405.92 to 182.97 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab9_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>288.2 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>94.4 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(132.77 to 56.03 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>200</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab9_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>243 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.92 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1.21 to 0.63 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>200</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab9_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>6.6 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.33 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.76 lower to 0.1 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab9_3"><p class="no_margin">Analysed via risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab9_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: IA/topical versus IV</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with IV tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with IA/topical tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>269</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from 15 to 30 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3978</p>
|
||
<p>(32 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from in hospital period to 3 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 10 fewer to 20 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>89</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>unclear</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 6.64 (0.13 to 336.89)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 40 fewer to 80 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3833</p>
|
||
<p>(30 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from within 96 hours of surgery to 1 year after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 10 fewer to 0 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>SF-36. Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>unclear</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>63</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>2.5 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(6.87 lower to 1.87 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>SF-36. Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>unclear</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>57</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>2.26 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(6.18 lower to 1.66 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2558</p>
|
||
<p>(19 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 12 hours to 5 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_6">6</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>10 g/dL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.03 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.09 lower to 0.14 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2806</p>
|
||
<p>(26 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 1 to 5 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_6">6</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss ranged across control groups from</p>
|
||
<p>456 to 1626</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.12 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.27 lower to 0.04 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1172</p>
|
||
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_5">5</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_6">6</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding ranged across control groups from</p>
|
||
<p>123 to 685 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.1 standard deviations higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.73 lower to 0.92 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>272</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 24 to 96 hours after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_5">5</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab10_6">6</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>135 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.09 standard deviations higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.33 lower to 0.5 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1312</p>
|
||
<p>(11 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>4.5 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.04 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.05 lower to 0.12 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">Results analysed using risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab10_4"><p class="no_margin">Outcome considered imprecise because of the small number of participants and a single event</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab10_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab10_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Oral versus IV</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with IV tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Oral tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>120</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>30 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.03 to 0.03)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 30 fewer to 30 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>862</p>
|
||
<p>(7 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from in hospital period to 1 month after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_4">4</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.94 (0.56 to 1.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 28 fewer to 36 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>945</p>
|
||
<p>(7 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from 30 days to 3 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.01)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 10 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>945</p>
|
||
<p>(8 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 1 day after surgery to hospital discharge</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>−3.2 g/dL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.01 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.07 lower to 0.09 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>665</p>
|
||
<p>(7 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 1 to 3 days after surgery or until hospital discharge</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss ranged across control groups from</p>
|
||
<p>692 to 1301 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.0 standard deviations higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.16 lower to 0.15 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>200</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>140 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.46 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(6.43 lower to 7.34 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>437</p>
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab11_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>3 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.02 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.17 lower to 0.12 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculate through risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Analysis using risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">Results considered imprecise due to zero events in both intervention groups</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab11_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: IA/topical versus oral</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Oral tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with IA/topical tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality at 30 days</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>384</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>30 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0.02)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 20 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>787</p>
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from in hospital period to 2 weeks after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_4">4</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.28 (0.78 to 2.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>18 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 14 fewer to 70 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>784</p>
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from 2 weeks to 3 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_3">3</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.01)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 10 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>784</p>
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 2 days after surgery until hospital discharge</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>−3 g/dL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.04 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.13 lower to 0.05 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>504</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 3 days after surgery or until hospital discharge</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>900 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.15 standard deviations higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.02 lower to 0.33 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>384</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>175 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean surgical bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.06 standard deviations higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.15 lower to 0.26 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>237</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab12_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>3.5 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.07 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.16 lower to 0.29 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Analysis via risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab12_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab12_5"><p class="no_margin">Outcome considered imprecise because of the small number of participants and two events</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: IV plus IA/topical versus IV</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with IV tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with IV+IA/topical tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>791</p>
|
||
<p>(7 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from while admitted in hospital to 6 weeks after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 0.32 (0.16 to 0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>41 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 51 fewer)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>891</p>
|
||
<p>(8 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranged from in hospital period to 6 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0.03)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 30 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>SF-36. Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>unclear</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>63.3</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.32 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(5.86 lower to 3.22 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>SF-36. Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>unclear</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>57</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.22 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(5.27 lower to 2.83 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>891</p>
|
||
<p>(8 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 3 to 5 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_2">2</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>10</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.39 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.69 to 0.09 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>691</p>
|
||
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 3 to 5 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_2">2</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>850 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.76 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1.33 to 0.19 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>200</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from within 3 days of surgery to during in hospital period</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>500 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.18 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.46 lower to 0.1 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>472</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab13_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>6 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.19 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.38 to 0.01 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab13_3"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab13_4"><p class="no_margin">Data analysed using risk difference due to low event rates</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab13_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: IA/topical plus oral versus IA/topical</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with IA/topical+oral tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>within 3 days of surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.13 (0.01 to 1.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>52 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 59 fewer to 16 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>1 year after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.04 to 0.04)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 40 fewer to 40 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>3 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>9.9 g/dL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.9 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.37 to 1.43 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>3 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>731 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>103 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(169.02 to 36.98 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postoperative bleeding</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>3 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab14_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>128 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean postoperative bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>47 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(67.16 to 26.84 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab14_4"><p class="no_margin">Analysed via risk difference due to low event rate</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab14_5"><p class="no_margin">Outcome considered imprecise because of the small number of participants and zero events</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: IV plus IA/topical versus IA/topical</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with IA/topical tranexamic acid</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with IV+IA/topical tranexamic acid (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transfusion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>320</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>while admitted in hospital or within 5 days of surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_1">1</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.13 (0.03 to 0.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>32 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 12 fewer to 36 fewer)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute myocardial infarction</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DVT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>420</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3 or 6 months after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_5">5</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.06)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 20 fewer to 60 more)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_3">3</a></sup></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>SF-36. Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>unclear</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>61</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (mental component score) within 6 weeks in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.18 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(2.84 lower to 5.2 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>SF-36. Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>unclear</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>55</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean quality of life (physical component score) within 6 weeks in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.04 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(2.57 lower to 4.65 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>420</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 3 to 5 days after surgery</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_2">2</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_6">6</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>−3 g/dL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean blood loss via haemoglobin level after surgery in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.54 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.21 to 0.87 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total blood loss</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>420</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>ranges from 3 to 5 days after surgery or until hospital discharge</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_2">2</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_6">6</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>900 mL</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean total blood loss in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.60 standard deviations lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.8 to 0.41 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Length of stay</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>140</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_1">1</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab15_2">2</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the control groups was</p>
|
||
<p>4 days</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng157er7.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean length of stay in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.15 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.24 lower to 0.54 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab15_3"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect calculated using risk difference</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab15_4"><p class="no_margin">Analysis using risk difference due to low event rate</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab15_5"><p class="no_margin">Outcome considered imprecise due to small number of participants and low event rate</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab15_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis. Random effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model was employed.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Health economic evidence profile: Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid versus Placebo (knee replacements)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Limitations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other comments</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental cost</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental effects</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Uncertainty</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alshryda 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a> [UK]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab16_1">(a)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab16_2">(b)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>A cost utility within-trial analysis (TRANX-K RCT) of tranexamic acid in knee replacements.</p>
|
||
<p>Analysed patient level outcomes (transfusion, OKS and EQ-5D) and resource use over 3 months. Unit costs applied.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tranexamic acid saves £333 per person</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tranexamic acid gave 0.0053 less QALYs per person<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab16_3">(c)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo costs £63,429 per QALY gained compared to tranexamic acid<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab16_4">(d)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab16_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Costs were bootstrapped due to skewness of the cost data. The results showed a similar cost saving of £333 for the use of tranexamic acid.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: OKS: Oxford Knee Score; QALY: quality-adjusted life years; RCT: randomised controlled trial; TRANX-K: Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusion rates following total knee replacement: a randomized controlled trial</p></div></dd><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">A within trial analysis with cost consequence which included relevant costs and outcomes. EQ-5D recorded but not used as part of the cost effectiveness calculations.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin">Costs of complications during the trial were not accounted for. Unit costs are not referenced. Outcomes are from a single RCT rather than a systematic review.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab16_3"><p class="no_margin">Quality of life is reported amongst other outcomes but the difference in baseline values mean inference should be treated with caution</p></div></dd><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab16_4"><p class="no_margin">ICER was not reported in the study</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Health economic evidence profile: Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid versus Placebo (hip replacements)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Limitations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other comments</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental cost</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental effects</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Uncertainty</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alshryda 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> [UK]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab17_1">(a)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab17_2">(b)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>A cost utility within-trial analysis (TRANX-H RCT) of tranexamic acid in hip replacements.</p>
|
||
<p>Analysed patient level outcomes (transfusion, OHS and EQ-5D) and resource use over 3 months. Unit costs applied.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tranexamic acid saves £305 per person</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tranexamic acid gave 0.027 less QALYs per person<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab17_3">(c)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo costs £11,509 per QALY gained compared to tranexamic acid<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab17_4">(d)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab17_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Costs were bootstrapped due to skewness of the cost data. The results showed a similar cost saving of £305 for the use of tranexamic acid.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: OHS: Oxford Hip Score; QALY: quality-adjusted life years; RCT: randomised controlled trial; TRANX-H: Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusion rates following total hip replacement: a randomized controlled trial</p></div></dd><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">A within trial analysis with cost consequence which included relevant costs and outcomes. EQ-5D recorded but not used as part of the cost effectiveness calculations.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">Costs of complications during the trial were not accounted for. Unit costs are not referenced. Outcomes are from a single RCT rather than a systematic review.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab17_3"><p class="no_margin">Quality of life is reported amongst other outcomes but the difference in baseline values mean inference should be treated with caution.</p></div></dd><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab17_4"><p class="no_margin">ICER was not reported in the study</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Health economic evidence profile: Intravenous tranexamic acid versus No tranexamic acid</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Limitations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other comments</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental cost</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental effects</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Uncertainty</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davies 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a> [UK]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable <sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab18_1">(a)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab18_2">(b)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cost comparison of intravenous tranexamic acid versus no tranexamic acid in lower limb joint replacement. The study is a retrospective cohort analysis with multivariate regression.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tranexamic acid saves £67.89 (min) and £155.90 (max)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tranexamic acid is cost saving</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab18_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Two estimates of cost difference are given to account for the minimum and maximum cost of a bed day. Tranexamic acid was cost saving in both analyses.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: N/A; not applicable</p></div></dd><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin">Cost comparison from a UK perspective with a relevant intervention and comparator. No QALYs or health outcomes</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab18_2"><p class="no_margin">Observational data from a single study used, although data is adjusted; no health outcomes or adverse events are factored into cost calculations.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">Risk ratios for transfusion events; direct pairwise meta-analysis results and NMA results</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparator</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Direct (95% confidence interval)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Fixed effects NMA - median (95% credible interval)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">IV</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Presented as risk difference in clinical review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>0.925</p>
|
||
<p>(0.732, 1.161)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">0.781 (0.474, 1.282)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab19_1">(a)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>0.840</p>
|
||
<p>(0.518, 1.319)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">IA + IV</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Presented as Peto odds ratio in clinical review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>0.294</p>
|
||
<p>(0.126, 0.611)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">IA + Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Presented as Peto odds ratio in clinical review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>0.070</p>
|
||
<p>(0.000, 1.102)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IV</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1.01 (0.59, 1.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>0.909</p>
|
||
<p>(0.561, 1.432)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">IA + IV</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">0.27 (0.11, 0.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>0.318</p>
|
||
<p>(0.140, 0.642)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">IA + Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">n/a</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>0.076</p>
|
||
<p>(0.000, 1.208)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">IA + IV</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">n/a</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>0.350</p>
|
||
<p>(0.137, 0.816)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">IA + Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">n/a</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>0.083</p>
|
||
<p>(0.000, 1.377)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IA + IV</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">IA + Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">n/a</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>0.239</p>
|
||
<p>(0.000, 4.311)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab19_1"><p class="no_margin">The inverse risk ratio to the one presented in the evidence review is presented here for comparison</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">Absolute outcomes and ranking of interventions</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Transfusions</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Probability of a transfusion event - median (95% CrIs)</th><th headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention rank - median (95% CrIs)</p>
|
||
<p>1=least transfusions, 5=most</p>
|
||
</th><th headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Probability that intervention is best (least transfusions)</th></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">IA</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_3_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.072 (0.025, 0.187)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_3_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">5 (3, 5)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_3_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.00%</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">IV</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.066 (0.023, 0.178)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">4 (3, 5)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.00%</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Oral</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.060 (0.019, 0.175)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">3 (2, 5)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.06%</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">IA + IV</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.021 (0.005, 0.74)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">2 (1, 2)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">20.14%</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">IA + Oral</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.005 (0.000, 0.098)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">1 (1, 5)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">79.80%</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_7_1" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_8_1" colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">NHS cost</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_7_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_8_1" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th><th headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_8_1" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_9_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cost of each intervention including transfusion costs – mean (95% CrIs)</th><th headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_8_1" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_9_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>Intervention rank - median (95% CrIs)</p>
|
||
<p>1=least cost, 5=most cost</p>
|
||
</th><th headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_8_1" id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_9_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Probability that intervention is best (least cost)</th></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">IA</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_10_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_8_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_9_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£31.13 (11.76, 68.36)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_10_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_8_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_9_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">5 (3, 5)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_10_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_8_1 hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_9_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.00%</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">IV</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£28.63 (10.22, 64.65)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">4 (3, 5)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.00%</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Oral</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£24.70 (6.92, 61.65)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">3 (2, 5)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">1.15%</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">IA + IV</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£14.34 (7.23, 31.42)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">2 (1, 3)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">12.23%</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">IA + Oral</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">£7.76 (2.31, 36.82)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">1 (1, 5)</td><td headers="hd_b_niceng157er7.tab20_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">86.62%</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab21" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 21</span><span class="title">UK unit costs of tranexamic acid</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Resource</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dose</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unit cost</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Oral tranexamic acid (tablet)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">500 mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£0.05</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Intravenous/Intra-articular tranexamic acid solution</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">500 mg/5ml</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£0.55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Syringe<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab21_1">(a)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£0.35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Saline ampoule (20ml of 0.9%)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.tab21_1">(a)</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£0.11</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Source: eMIT <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a> and NHS Supply chain Catalogue <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref188"><sup>188</sup></a></p></div></dd><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng157er7.tab21_1"><p class="no_margin">Required for administration of intravenous/intraarticular tranexamic acid</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng157er7.tab22" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">UK costs of blood transfusion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK561388/table/niceng157er7.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng157er7.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Resource</th><th id="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unit cost</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Administration of first unit of RBCs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£57.19</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Administration of subsequent unit of RBCs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£36.13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Unit of RBCs (first and subsequent)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">£128.99</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<b>Total cost of first RBC unit</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<b>£186.18</b>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<b>Total cost of a subsequent RBC unit</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng157er7.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<b>£165.12</b>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Source: Stokes 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref232"><sup>232</sup></a>, NHSBT 2017/18<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng157er7.ref187"><sup>187</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review underpinning recommendations 1.4.1 and 1.4.2 in the NICE guideline</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre, hosted by the Royal College of Physicians</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer:</b> The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and, where appropriate, their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK561388</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881462" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32881462</a></span></div></div></div>
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